1 


lHi»Sf 


JK^b^si  f 


I® 


,:d"5?^ 


lg#a; 


TYPES  OF  NEWS  WRITING 


BY 


WILLARD  GROSVENOR  BLEYER,  Ph.D. 

Author  of  ^^ Newspaper  Writing  and  Editing"  and  Professor  of 
Journalism  in  the  University  of  Wisconsin 


BOSTON    NEW  YORK     CHICAGO 
HOUGHTON  MIFFLIN  COMPANY 


COPYRIGHT,  I916,  BY  WILLARD  GROSVENOR  BLEVER 
ALL  RIGHTS  RESERVED 


j&M4»USH^i 


CAMBRIDGE  .   MASSACHUSETTS 
U   .    S   .    A 


PREFACE 


This  book  has  been  prepared  with  the  purpose  of  furnishing  students  of 
journahsm  and  young  reporters  with  a  large  collection  of  typical  news 
stories.  For  college  classes  it  may  be  used  as  a  textbook.  For  newspaper 
workers  it  is  offered  as  a  handbook  to  which  they  may  turn,  in  a  particular 
case,  to  find  out  what  news  to  get,  where  to  get  it,  and  how  to  present  it  ef- 
fectively. Every  young  writer  on  a  newspaper  is  called  upon  to  do  kinds  of 
reporting  in  which  he  lacks  experience.  If,  with  the  aid  of  an  index,  he  can 
turn  readily  to  several  instances  where  more  experienced  writers  have  solved 
problems  hke  his  own,  he  will  undertake  his  new  task  with  a  clearer  idea  of 
what  to  do  and  how  to  do  it. 

For  systematic  instruction  in  news  writing  it  is  desirable  that  students 
have  in  convenient  form  representative  stories  for  study  and  analysis.  News- 
papers, it  might  be  thought,  would  furnish  this  material,  but  experience  has 
shown  that  it  is  often  difficult  to  find,  in  current  issues  of  newspapers,  ex- 
amples of  the  particular  kind  of  story  under  consideration,  and  it  is  likewise 
diflftcult  to  supply  every  student  in  a  large  class  with  a  copy  of  the  issue  that 
happens  to  contain  the  desired  example. 

The  selection  of  specimens  for  this  book  has  been  determined  largely  by 
two  considerations:  first,  that  the  news  which  the  story  contains  should  be 
typical,  rather  than  extraordinary  or  "freakish";  and  second,  that  the  story 
should  present  the  news  effectively.  It  has  been  assumed  that  the  student 
must  first  learn  to  handle  average  news  well  in  order  to  grapple  successfully 
with  extraordinary  happenings.  A  considerable  part  of  the  book  deals  with 
more  or  less  routine  news,  because  it  is  with  this  type  that  a  large  portion  of 
the  reporter's  work  is  concerned. 

Since  newspapers  are  read  rapidly,  it  has  been  taken  for  granted  that  a 
story  is  most  effective  when  its  structure  and  style  enable  the  reader  to  get 
the  news  with  the  least  effort  and  the  greatest  interest.  Many  pieces  of  news 
can  best  be  treated  in  a  simple,  concise  style,  with  the  essential  facts  well 
massed  in  a  summary  lead.  Such  straightforward  presentation  does  not  mean 
that  the  style  must  be  bald  and  unoriginal.  The  examples  illustrative  of  this 
purely  informative  type  of  news  story  are  generally  marked  by  a  simplicity 
and  directness  of  expression  that  are  characteristic  of  good  journalistic 
style. 

430171 


iv  PREFACE 

Informative  news  stories  in  which  the  so-called  "human  interest"  ele- 
ment has  been  developed  have  also  been  included  in  considerable  number, 
not  only  because  they  are  perennially  popular,  but  because  some  news  may 
be  presented  very  effectively  by  bringing  out  its  human  interest  phases.  As 
a  type  distinct  from  these  stories  with  news  of  some  value  are  those 
entertaining  and  appealing  stories,  containing  little  or  no  real  news,  that 
are  generally  known  as  "feature"  or  "human  interest"  stories.  Both  of 
these  types  illustrate  the  application  to  news  writing  of  recognized  methods 
of  fiction.  The  use  of  these  methods  is  entirely  commendable.  The  danger  for 
the  reporter  lies  in  failure  to  discriminate  between  fiction  and  its  methods. 
To  use  the  devices  of  fiction  in  order  to  portray  faithfully  actual  events  is  one 
thing;  to  substitute  fictitious  details  in  order  to  heighten  the  effect  is  quite 
another.  No  stories  have  been  included  in  this  book  that  are  unquestionably 
fictitious.  Some  that  may  have  imaginary  details  have  been  given  to  furnish 
material  for  discussion. 

The  examples  presented  here  are  not  put  forward  as  models  for  the  stu- 
dent to  imitate  in  every  respect.  Few  news  stories  are  perfect  in  structure  and 
style.  The  conditions  under  which  they  are  written  and  edited  make  careful 
revision  almost  impossible.  For  the  purpose  of  analysis,  work  that  is  not  so 
well  done  as  it  might  have  been  is  valuable  as  showing  the  student  what  to 
avoid  in  his  own  writing. 

The  stories  have  been  grouped  in  chapters  partly  on  the  basis  of  subject 
matter  and  partly  on  that  of  the  methods  used.  This  arrangement  has  been 
adopted  not  as  a  complete  classification  of  news,  but  rather  as  a  convenient 
grouping  for  purposes  of  study.  In  each  chapter  has  been  included  a  brief 
discussion  of  the  chief  points  to  be  considered  in  analyzing  and  in  writing  the 
type  of  story  in  that  division.  None  of  the  points  has  been  treated  at  length 
owing  to  lack  of  space  and  to  the  fact  that  most  of  them  have  been  taken  up 
in  detail  by  the  author  in  another  textbook,  "Newspaper  Writing  and 
Editing." 

Attention  has  been  called  in  each  chapter  to  the  underlying  purpose  that 
should  determine  the  selection  and  the  presentation  of  the  kind  of  news  in- 
cluded in  that  group.  This  has  been  done  in  the  belief  that  the  reporter  should 
consider  carefully  the  probable  effect  on  the  reader  of  every  story  that  he 
writes.  Since  "the  food  of  opinion  is  the  news  of  the  day,"  the  kind  of  food 
that  he  serves  and  the  manner  in  which  he  serves  it  is  a  matter  of  consequence, 
not  only  to  him  and  his  newspaper  but  to  society  as  a  whole.  Not  until  a  re- 
porter realizes  the  influence  that  his  news  stories  may  have  on  the  ideas  and 
ideals  of  thousands  of  readers,  does  he  appreciate  fully  the  significance  of  his 


PREFACE  V 

work.  The  possibilities  of  what  has  been  termed  "constructive  journalism" 
have  been  dwelt  upon  at  some  length  because  it  is  evident  that  well-edited 
papers  are  undertaking  more  and  more  to  present  the  news  so  that  it  will  have 
a  wholesome  effect  on  their  readers. 

The  selections  in  this  book  have  been  taken  from  daily  newspapers  in  all 
parts  of  the  country  and  may  be  said  to  illustrate  current  practice.  The  name 
of  the  paper  has  been  attached  to  each  example,  not  only  in  acknowledgment 
of  the  credit  due,  but  in  an  effort  to  lead  the  student  to  consider  the  story 
from  the  point  of  view  of  the  poHcy  of  the  paper  and  of  the  character  of  the 
readers  to  whom  it  appeals.  The  student  should  compare  all  of  the  stories 
taken  from  each  paper  and  should,  if  possible,  examine  the  current  issues. 

Although  it  has  not  seemed  desirable  to  print  the  examples  in  so  small 
type  as  that  commonly  used  in  newspapers,  the  column  width  has  been  re- 
tained in  order  to  reproduce,  as  far  as  possible,  the  effect  of  the  original  form. 
Headlines  have  not  been  given  because  they  are  not  an  integral  part  of  the 
story.  In  a  few  instances  stories  have  been  condensed  when  it  was  possible 
to  do  so  without  destroying  the  effect.  For  obvious  reasons  names  and  ad- 
dresses have  frequently  been  changed,  and  errors  that  escaped  notice  have 
been  corrected  in  a  number  of  the  stories. 

The  author  is  deeply  indebted  to  AUce  Haskell  Bleyer  for  invaluable  sug- 
gestions and  criticism  in  connection  with  every  detail  of  this  book. 

Univebsity  op  Wisconsin,  Madison, 
January  20,  1916. 


CONTENTS 

I.  News  Writing .      1 

II.  The  Study  op  News  Stories 6 

An  Outline  for  the  Analysis  of  News  Stories 12 

III.  Fires  and  Accidents 15 

IV.  Police  News  and  Crime 46 

V.  Criminal  and  Civil  Courts 76 

VI.  Investigations,  Legislation,  and  Meetings 107 

VII.  Speeches,  Interviews,  and  Reports 126 

VIII.  Exhibitions,  Entertainments,  and  Special  Occasions       .      .      .  141 

IX.  Illness  and  Death 168 

X.  Politics  and  Elections 179 

XI.  Labor  Troubles  and  Strikes 186 

XII.  Weather 192 

XIII.  Sports 200 

XIV.  Society 221 

XV.  Miscellaneous  Local  News .  '^'^ .  232 

Index 261 


TYPES  OF  NEWS  WRITING 

CHAPTER  I 

NEWS  WRITING 

Contents  of  newspapers.  The  average  daily  newspaper  includes  a  larger 
amount  and  variety  of  reading  matter  than  most  readers  realize.  In  one 
issue  of  a  large  daily  paper,  which  contains  from  60,000  to  80,000  words  ex- 
clusive of  advertising,  are  usually  to  be  found  examples  of  practically  every 
type  of  literary  composition.  The  contents  range  from  news  of  accidents  and 
crime  to  humorous  and  serious  verse,  from  market  reports  to  a  short  story  or 
a  chapter  of  a  novel,  from  dramatic  and  musical  criticism  to  cooking  recipes 
and  cosmetic  formulas,  from  argumentative  editorials  to  reports  of  boxing 
matches  and  baseball  games.  Vivid  description,  spirited  narrative,  critical 
appreciation,  logical  argument,  lucid  explanation,  moving  pathos,  vigorous 
appeals,  wit  and  humor  —  all  are  often  exemplified  in  a  single  issue  of  a  well- 
edited  newspaper.  Scarcely  any  other  form  of  publication  has  regularly  so 
great  a  variety  of  writing  as  the  daily  newspaper.  Thus,  although  a  news- 
paper is  ordinarily  thought  of  solely  as  a  medium  for  the  publication  of  cur- 
rent news  and  editorials,  the  average  daily  paper  supphes  its  readers  with 
much  entertaining  reading  matter  as  well  as  considerable  advice  and  useful 
information. 

Classification  of  contents.  Diversified  as  are  the  contents  of  a  typical 
daily  paper,  they  may  be  grouped  in  seven  classes:  (1)  news  stories;  (2) 
special  feature  articles;  (3)  editorials;  (4)  dramatic,  musical,  and  literary 
criticism;  (5)  practical  advice  and  useful  information;  (6)  humorous  matter; 
(7)  fiction.  Of  these  seven  classes,  the  first  four — news  stories,  special  feature 
articles,  editorials,  and  dramatic,  musical,  and  literary  criticism  —  are  gen- 
erally considered  to  be  the  distinctly  journahstic  types  of  writing. 

News  stories  present  (1)  timely  events  of  interest  and  significance  to 
readers,  and  (2)  timely  incidents  of  little  or  no  news  value  that  are  made  enter- 
taining by  the  manner  in  which  they  are  presented.  The  first  is  the  common 
type  of  news  story;  the  second  is  usually  called  the  "human  interest"  or 
"feature"  story.  Although  it  is  sometimes  said  that  anything  that  has  ever 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


happened  is  nev-G  if  it  has  not  been  generally  known,  it  is  evident  that  events 
that  have  occurred  in  the  past  are  not  worth  publishing  as  news  unless  they 
have  a  timely  interest  and  significance.  A  distinction  is  generally  made  be- 
tween "spot  news/'  which  is  news  of  events  when  they  occur,  and  "detail" 
or  "situation"  material  that  is  presented  some  time  later  in  the  form  of 
special  correspondence  or  of  special  feature  articles. 

Special  feature  articles  are  detailed  presentations  of  (1)  matters  of  recent 
news  that  are  of  sufficient  interest  to  warrant  elaboration,  (2)  timely  topics 
not  directly  connected  with  the  news  of  the  day,  (3)  subjects  of  interest  that 
are  neither  timely  nor  connected  with  current  events.  They  are  informative 
in  character  and  are  generally  of  some  length.  They  are  usually  published  in 
magazine  sections  of  Saturday  or  Sunday  editions,  but  in  some  papers  they 
appear  daily. 

Editorials  have  as  then-  purpose  the  interpretation  of  news  and  of  current 
issues  and  the  discussion  of  matters  of  general  interest,  particularly  with  a 
view  to  convincing  readers  of  the  truth  or  the  falsity  of  some  proposition  and 
of  persuading  them  to  act  in  accordance  with  the  convictions  thus  created. 
In  this  way  they  differ  from  both  news  stories  and  special  feature  articles. 

Dramatic,  musical,  and  literary  criticism  consists  of  reviewing  and  passing 
judgment  on  current  dramatic  performances,  concerts,  and  books.  To  the 
extent  that  some  reviews  of  plays  and  concerts  merely  give  informative  news 
concerning  the  event,  they  are  like  news  stories,  but  in  so  far  as  they  are 
critical,  they  are  more  like  editorials.  Book  reviews,  likewise,  may  simply 
give  information  regarding  the  contents  of  a  book,  or  they  may  undertake  to 
evaluate  it  by  pointing  out  its  merits  and  defects. 

Practical  advice  and  useful  information  in  special  fields,  humorous  mat- 
ter, and  fiction,  as  given  in  the  daily  newspaper,  do  not  differ  materially 
from  similar  matter  published  in  other  forms  and  cannot  be  considered  dis- 
tinctly journalistic  types  of  writing. 

How  news  is  gathered.  Since  the  day's  news  is  the  essential  part  of  the 
daily  newspaper,  the  gathering,  writing,  and  editing  of  news  is  naturally  the 
chief  concern  of  journalism.  From  the  point  of  view  of  newspaper  organiza- 
tion for  handling  news,  it  is  divided  into  two  general  classes:  (1)  local  news, 
and  (2)  telegraph  news.  Local  news,  which  is  that  of  the  city  where  the  paper 
is  published  as  well  as  of  its  immediate  vicinity,  is  gathered  (1)  by  reporters 
working  under  the  direction  of  the  city  editor  of  the  paper,  and  (2)  by  re- 
porters working  under  the  direction  of  the  head  of  a  local  news  association  or 
bureau,  the  news  service  of  which  the  paper  uses  to  supplement  its  own  news 
gathering.   Telegraph  news  includes  all  news  not  local,  which  comes  to  the 


NEWS   WRITING 


paper  by  telegraph,  long-distance  telephone,  cable,  or  mail,  whether  sent  by 
its  own  correspondents  or  by  a  news  association  such  as  the  Associated  Press 
or  the  United  Press.  The  reporters  and  correspondents  of  the  press  associa- 
tions work  under  practically  the  same  conditions  as  the  newspaper's  own 
correspondents,  but  they  are  responsible  to  the  division  head  of  the  press 
association,  whereas  the  newspaper's  correspondents  are  under  the  direction 
of  the  telegraph  editor  or  of  the  state  editor  of  the  paper.  The  work  of  news 
gathering  is  not  essentially  different,  whether  done  by  a  reporter  or  by  a  cor- 
respondent in  the  employ  of  a  newspaper  or  of  a  news-gathering  association. 

How  news  is  written.  After  the  reporter  has  obtained  the  news,  he  re- 
turns to  the  office  and  writes  his  story  as  rapidly  as  possible,  in  accordance 
with  any  instructions  that  the  city  editor  may  give  him.  If  it  is  inexpedient 
for  him  to  return  to  the  office,  he  writes  his  story  quickly  at  some  convenient 
place  and  sends  it  to  the  office  by  messenger  or  by  telephone.  Under  some 
circumstances,  particularly  when  lack  of  time  prevents  his  writing  the  story 
and  sending  it  in,  he  telephones  the  facts  to  a  rewrite  man  in  the  office,  who 
writes  the  story  from  the  data  thus  secured.  The  reporter  for  a  local  news  as- 
sociation prepares  his  stories,  as  directed  by  the  news  editor  of  the  associa- 
tion, under  practically  the  same  conditions  as  the  newspaper  reporter. 

The  correspondent,  after  writing  his  story,  mails  it,  files  it  at  the  tele- 
graph office,  or  telephones  it  to  the  newspaper  office.  He,  too,  may  telephone 
the  bare  facts  to  have  them  written  in  news-story  form  by  a  rewrite  man  in 
the  newspaper  office.  The  correspondent  of  a  general  news-gathering  agency 
handles  his  news  in  the  same  way  except  that  he  sends  it  by  mail,  telegraph, 
or  telephone  to  the  district  office  of  the  association  or  agency  that  he  repre- 
sents. At  this  district  office  it  is  edited  and  sent  out  to  those  papers  in  vari- 
ous parts  of  the  country  that  use  the  association's  service. 

As  news  stories,  whether  local  or  telegraph,  are  edited  before  they  are 
printed,  practically  all  stories  as  they  appear  in  the  newspaper  are  the  work 
not  only  of  the  reporter  or  correspondent  who  gathered  the  news,  but  of  one 
or  more  editors  and  copy-readers.  Well-written  stories  of  reporters  and  cor- 
respondents usually  undergo  little  change  when  edited.  A  poorly  written 
story,  on  the  other  hand,  may  be  made  over  into  a  very  effective  one  by  a 
rewrite  man,  an  editor,  or  a  copy-reader. 

Conditions  affecting  news  writing.  The  structure  and  the  style  of  news 
stories  are  determined  (1)  by  the  conditions  under  which  they  are  written, 
(2)  by  the  character  of  the  readers,  (3)  by  the  conditions  under  which  news- 
papers are  read,  (4)  by  the  typographical  form  of  newspapers,  and  (5)  by 
the  popular  taste. 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


Newspaper  writing  must  be  done  rapidly  under  considerable  pressure  and 
generally  without  opportunity  for  careful  revision.  Although  this  haste  does 
not  excuse  incorrect  and  slovenly  English,  it  does  result  in  looser,  less  finished 
wTiting  than  might  be  produced  under  more  favorable  circumstances.  In 
rapid  writing,  and  particularly  in  handling  similar  material  from  day  to  day, 
the  writer,  unless  he  is  on  his  guard,  is  likely  to  fall  into  the  habit  of  using 
stock  phrases,  trite  and  colorless. 

The  large  amount  of  available  news  that  must  be  crow^ded  daily  into 
limited  space  makes  it  essential  to  present  the  news  in  compact  form  and 
concise  style.  "Boil  it  down"  and  "Cut  it  to  the  bone"  are  constant  ad- 
monitions in  every  newspaper  office.  Conciseness  is  a  necessary  quality  of 
newspaper  style. 

The  average  newspaper,  in  order  to  succeed,  must  appeal  to  all  classes  of 
readers  in  the  community.  It  must  present  its  contents  in  a  way  that  will 
attract  and  interest  the  so-called  masses  as  well  as  the  business  and  the  pro- 
fessional classes.  The  style  of  writing  is  generally  adapted  to  readers  of 
limited  education  no  less  than  to  the  well  educated.  Comparative  simpUcity 
of  expression,  accordingly,  is  the  rule  in  newspaper  writing. 

Newspapers  are  read  rapidly  by  practically  all  classes  of  readers.  They 
must,  therefore,  be  written  in  a  style  that  makes  rapid  reading  easy.  Im- 
portant details  are  placed  at  the  beginning  of  paragraphs  and  sentences, 
where  they  will  catch  the  eye  at  once.  The  emphasis  thus  given  by  the  ini- 
tial position  is  one  of  the  distinctive  characteristics  of  newspaper  writing.  To 
the  most  important  details  made  prominent  in  this  way  are  added  the  less 
significant  but  necessary  particulars,  one  by  one,  in  natural  order.  This  ar- 
rangement results  in  a  loose  rather  than  a  periodic  sentence  structure  and 
eliminates  the  possibility  of  a  climactic  effect  in  the  paragraphs  or  in  the 
whole  story. 

The  shortness  of  the  line  in  the  narrow  column  affects  newspaper  style 
because  it  necessitates  a  proportionate  shortening  of  the  paragraph.  Para- 
graphs that  appear  long  seem  heavy  and  uninviting,  especially  to  the  rapid 
reader.  Since  but  six  words  on  an  average  can  be  crowded  into  a  line  in  news- 
papers, as  compared  to  ten  or  twelve  in  a  line  in  most  books,  newspaper  para- 
graphs can  be  only  half  as  long  as  those  in  ordinary  prose  without  loss  of 
effectiveness. 

The  popular  demand  for  novelty  and  variety  prevents  any  form  of  news- 
paper writing  from  becoming  fixed,  and  results  from  time  to  time  in  the  de- 
velopment of  new  forms  and  new  styles  of  news  writing.  To  make  some  news 
stories  entertaining  rather  than  purely  informative,  a  number  of  new^spapers 


NEWS  WRITING 


abandon  the  conventional  summary  beginning,  or  lead,  and  use  uncon- 
ventional ones  like  the  beginnings  of  short  stories.  They  likewise  give  prom- 
inence to  trivial  happenings  worked  up  into  so-called  "human  interest"  or 
"feature"  stories,  because  in  that  form  they  make  entertaining  reading. 

Characteristics  of  news  writing.  As  a  result  of  these  various  conditions 
and  influences  news  writing  has  come  to  have  certain  well  marked  charac- 
teristics. It  must  be  (1)  concise,  (2)  clear,  (3)  comparatively  simple,  (4) 
easily  read,  and  (5)  attractive  to  all  classes. 

Conciseness  requires  that  needless  words  be  omitted,  that  only  such  de- 
tails be  given  as  are  necessary  for  effective  presentation  of  the  subject,  and 
that  the  length  of  the  story  be  proportionate  to  the  importance  of  the  ma- 
terial. In  order  to  be  concise,  however,  news  writing  does  not  have  to  be  bald 
and  unattractive. 

Clearness  is  secured  in  journalistic  style  by  comparative  simplicity  of 
diction,  of  sentence  construction,  and  of  paragraph  structure.  Learned  dic- 
tion, elaborate  figures  of  speech,  and  involved  sentences  have  no  place  in 
news  writing  intended  to  appeal  to  all  classes  of  readers. 

To  be  attractive  to  the  average  rapid  reader  newspaper  style  must  be  easy 
to  read.  It  is  made  easy,  as  has  been  pointed  out,  by  placing  the  important 
points  in  conspicuous  positions  at  the  beginnings  of  sentences  and  para- 
graphs. To  satisfy  the  popular  taste  newspaper  writing  must  also  be  inter- 
esting in  form  and  in  style.  It  sometimes  adopts  the  more  or  less  striking 
devices  of  fiction  in  order  to  add  to  its  effectiveness.  Furthermore,  attrac- 
tiveness is  secured  by  such  typographical  means  as  the  use  of  a  frame,  or 
"box,"  and  bold-face  type,  for  facts  of  especial  importance. 


CHAPTER  II 

THE   STUDY   OF  NEWS   STORIES 

Value  of  study.  Every  good  news  story  may  be  regarded  as  a  solution  of 
a  difficult  problem  in  gathering,  selecting,  and  weaving  together  a  number  of 
details.  The  steps  in  the  solution  may  be  as  carefully  followed  as  the  steps  in 
solving  a  problem  in  algebra  or  in  performing  an  experiment  in  physics.  As 
in  the  analysis  of  such  problems  and  experiments,  so  in  the  analysis  of  news 
stories,  the  ultimate  purpose  is  to  find  out  how  to  solve  similar  problems  as 
they  arise  in  actual  experience.  However  interesting  the  theories  and  prin- 
ciples of  the  art  of  news  writing  may  be  for  themselves,  it  is  the  practical 
application  of  them  in  the  writer's  own  work  that  gives  them  their  value  for 
the  student  of  journalism. 

Aims  in  studying  news  stories.  The  purpose  in  analyzing  typical  examples 
of  news  writing  should  be  to  discover  in  detail  (1)  how  to  obtain  news,  (2)  how 
to  determine  its  value,  and  (3)  how  to  present  it  most  effectively.  Most 
stories  reveal  the  means  by  which  their  contents  were  obtained  and  the  im- 
portance which  the  writer  or  editor  attached  to  each  of  the  details.  Sources  of 
information  and  standards  for  evaluating  material  are  thus  shown  by  a  care- 
ful exammation  of  examples.  A  study  of  well-written  news  stories  makes 
clear  the  application  of  the  principles  of  prose  composition  to  the  writing  of 
news.  A  comparison  of  several  news  stories  of  the  same  type  brings  out  the 
variety  of  ways  in  which  similar  material  may  be  handled.  The  writer  must 
know  the  varied  possibilities  of  treating  material,  because,  in  working  on 
similar  matter  from  day  to  day,  he  is  in  great  danger  of  dropping  into  con- 
ventional forms  and  stereotyped  expressions. 

Methods  of  analysis.  In  the  study  of  a  news  story  the  following  points 
should  be  considered:  (1)  the  value  of  the  news;  (2)  the  sources  of  the  news; 
(3)  the  methods  by  which  it  was  obtained;  (4)  the  purpose  of  the  story;  (5) 
the  type  of  the  story;  (6)  the  structure;  (7)  the  literary  style;  and  (8)  the 
typographical  style. 

News  and  news  values.  News,  as  commonly  defined,  is  anything  timely 
that  interests  a  number  of  readers,  and  the  best  news  is  that  which  has  the 
greatest  interest  for  the  greatest  number.  Constructive  journalism  is  not 
satisfied  to  present  merely  what  readers  are  naturally  interested  in;  it  aims 


THE   STUDY  OF   NEWS   STORIES 


to  give  news  that  is  significant  to  them  from  the  point  of  view  of  their  per- 
sonal affairs  as  well  as  from  that  of  the  welfare  of  society.  It  likewise  under- 
takes to  create  interest  in  significant  news  that  of  itself  may  not  interest  a 
considerable  number  of  readers.  Each  story,  therefore,  should  be  examined  in 
order  to  determine  why  the  news  in  it  was  considered  of  interest  and  signifi- 
cance to  the  readers  of  the  paper  in  which  it  was  published,  as  well  as  how 
great  the  interest  and  the  significance  were  believed  to  be  as  indicated  by  the 
space  given  to  the  story. 

News  values  are  based  largely  on  the  reader's  interest  in  (1)  timely  mat- 
ters, (2)  extraordinary  events  and  circumstances,  (3)  struggles  for  supremacy 
in  politics,  business,  sports,  etc.,  (4)  matters  involving  the  property,  life,  and 
welfare  of  fellow  men,  (5)  children,  (6)  animals,  (7)  hobbies  and  amusements. 

The  degree  of  the  reader's  interest  in  these  matters  of  news  is  propor- 
tionate to  (1)  his  familiarity  with  the  persons,  the  places,  and  the  things 
involved,  (2)  the  importance  and  the  prominence  of  these  persons,  places, 
and  things,  (3)  the  closeness  of  their  relation  to  the  reader's  personal  affairs. 

The  distinction  between  local  news  and  general  news  grows  out  of  the 
greater  degree  of  interest  on  the  part  of  the  reader  in  persons  and  places  that 
he  knows  and  in  matters  that  are  closely  related  to  his  business  and  his  home. 
News  of  significance  concerning  the  community  in  which  he  lives  is  of  prime 
importance  to  every  reader.  Interest  in  news  may  generally  be  said  to  vary 
inversely  in  proportion  to  the  distance  between  the  place  where  the  news 
originates  and  the  place  where  the  paper  is  published.  Local  interest  is  given 
to  general  news  by  bringing  out  those  phases,  or  "local  ends,"  of  telegraph 
news  that  are  of  significance  in  the  community  in  which  the  paper  circulates. 

Every  story  indicates  the  evaluation  of  the  news  that  it  presents  as  made 
by  the  reporter  or  correspondent,  and  by  the  editor  or  the  copy-reader.  By 
determining  the  basis  of  this  evaluation,  the  student  acquires  a  criterion 
by  which  to  judge  the  news  value  of  whatever  he  is  called  upon  to  report. 

Sources  of  news.  From  the  details  of  a  news  story  it  is  almost  always  pos- 
sible to  infer  the  sources  from  which  the  news  was  obtained.  Public  and 
private  records,  reports,  officials,  eye-witnesses,  for  example,  are  often  cited 
as  authorities  for  the  facts  in  the  story.  These  sources  should  be  noted  care- 
fully, so  that  they  may  be  drawn  upon  by  the  student  in  his  own  reporting. 
In  fact,  a  list  of  sources  compiled  from  news  stories  of  various  kinds,  such  as 
those  of  crime,  accidents,  fires,  etc.,  will  be  found  helpful  to  the  beginner. 

Methods  of  news  gathering.  How  the  details  of  the  news  were  obtained 
may  also  be  ascertained  from  an  examination  of  the  story.  In  the  report  of 
an  interview,  for  example,  the  reporter's  questions  may  be  inferred  from  the 


8  TYPES   OF   NEWS   WRITING 

person's  replies.  Not  infrequently  the  story  shows  indirectly  the  circum- 
stances under  which  the  reporter  secured  the  material.  The  student  will  do 
well  to  note  every  such  hint  and  suggestion. 

Purpose.  Every  news  story  should  present  the  details  of  the  news  as  ac- 
curately as  possible  and  as  completely  as  the  significance  of  the  news  war- 
rants. The  embellishment  of  news  stories  with  fictitious  details  to  make  them 
more  interesting  or  more  entertaining,  as  well  as  the  distortion  and  suppres- 
sion of  significant  facts  of  the  news  in  order  to  accomplish  some  end,  are 
alike  opposed  to  the  fundamental  purpose  of  the  newspaper.  Besides  report- 
ing the  news  with  fairness  and  accuracy,  however,  the  writer,  consciously  or 
unconsciously,  may  accomplish  other  ends  by  the  manner  in  which  he  pre- 
sents his  material.  By  giving  prominence  to  certain  details  and  aspects  of  a 
piece  of  news,  he  may  produce  one  effect  upon  the  reader's  mind;  by  em- 
phasizing others  in  the  same  piece  of  news,  he  may  produce  an  entirely  dif- 
ferent impression.  Thus  news  of  accidents,  crime,  courts,  and  similar  mat- 
ters can  be  presented  so  as  to  exert  either  a  wholesome  or  an  unwholesome 
influence  on  readers;  that  is,  it  may  be  constructive  or  destructive  in  its 
effect.  Stories  of  crime,  for  example,  may  be  written  in  a  manner  that  tends 
to  make  the  wrongdoer  more  or  less  of  a  hero,  and  hence  may  encourage 
others  to  imitate  his  career;  or  they  may  be  written  in  a  way  that  tends  to 
deter  readers  from  committing  similar  crimes.  Whether  wrongdoing  is  made 
attractive  or  unattractive  in  news  stories  depends  not  so  much  upon  giving 
the  facts  fully  and  accurately  as  upon  the  reporter's  attitude  toward  his 
material. 

Some  newspapers  simply  record  the  news  without  emphasizing  either  its 
constructive  or  its  destructive  phases.  Newspapers  of  this  type  have  been 
likened  to  mirrors  that  reflect  impartially  whatever  comes  within  their 
range.  This  policy  is  expressed  in  the  dictum  of  a  well-known  editor  when 
he  declared,  "Whatever  the  Divine  Providence  permitted  to  occur,  I  was 
not  too  proud  to  report."  Purely  informative  news  stories  and  entertaining 
feature  stories  in  these  papers  are  written  without  particular  regard  for  their 
influence  on  readers. 

Other  newspapers,  not  satisfied  with  reporting  the  day's  events  in  an 
accurate  but  colorless  manner,  without  any  particular  consideration  for  its 
effect  upon  their  readers,  deliberately  undertake  to  give  news  in  such  a  way 
that  it  tends  to  be  helpful  and  constructive  in  its  influence.  They  publish  not 
merely  the  usual  details  regarding  fires  and  accidents;  they  emphasize  the 
causes,  the  responsibility,  and  the  frequency  of  such  occurrences,  in  order 
to  impress  upon  readers  the  importance  of  taking  preventive  measures 


THE  STUDY   OF  NEWS   STORIES 


against  the  recurrence  of  such  disasters.  They  also  recognize  the  fact  that 
some  legitimate  news,  even  when  given  in  what  is  ordinarily  considered  an 
unobjectionable  manner,  tends  to  have  a  bad  effect  on  readers  in  that  it  sug- 
gests to  them  ideas  and  ideals  inimical  to  the  best  interests  of  society  as  a 
whole.  So-called  "waves"  of  crime  and  suicide  they  realize  are  often  the 
result  of  suggestions  given  to  morally  unstable  readers  by  newspaper  stories 
of  crimes  and  suicides.  By  constructive  treatment  of  such  news,  they  at- 
tempt to  reduce  to  a  minimum  these  undesirable  suggestions  and  to  sub- 
stitute for  them  suggestions  that  tend  to  prevent  similar  criminal  and  anti- 
social acts. 

Another  class  of  newspapers,  apparently  disregarding  the  unwholesome 
effect  upon  their  readers,  give  prominence  to  sensational,  ghastly,  and  scan- 
dalous phases  of  the  news  because  they  know  that  such  details  appeal  to  the 
morbid  interest  of  many  readers.  The  not  uncommon  explanation  made 
by  these  newspapers  for  such  treatment  of  news  is  that  they  are  giving  the 
public  what  it  wants.  Critics  of  these  papers  deny  the  validity  of  this  ex- 
cuse and  point  out  that  it  would  apply  equally  to  the  selling  of  habit-form- 
ing drugs  and  adulterated  food,  acts  now  forbidden  by  law. 

Since  the  underlying  purpose  of  the  writer  plays  an  important  part  in  the 
selection  and  the  arrangement  of  material  for  news  stories,  as  well  as  in  the 
effect  that  stories  produce  upon  readers,  it  deserves  careful  consideration  in 
the  analysis  of  news  stories. 

Type  of  story.  There  are  two  general  types  of  news  stories:  (1)  the  in- 
formative news  story,  the  chief  aim  of  which  is  to  give  the  facts  of  the  news; 
and  (2)  the  feature  or  human  interest  story,  the  chief  aim  of  which  is  to 
take  material  of  little  or  no  news  value  and  make  it  interesting.  The  funda- 
mental difference  between  these  two  kinds  of  stories  is  the  news  value  of  the 
contents.  The  presence  or  absence  of  so-called  "human  interest"  is  not  the 
basis  of  this  classification,  for  informative  news  stories  may  be  developed  by 
bringing  out  the  human  interest  element  in  the  news. 

The  informative  news  story  may  be  one  of  two  kinds:  (1)  the  story  the 
chief  purpose  of  which  is  to  record  the  facts  of  the  news  without  particular 
regard  to  its  effect  upon  the  readers;  and  (2)  the  story  that  presents  the  facts 
of  the  news  in  such  a  way  as  to  produce  a  wholesome  effect. 

The  purely  informative  news  story  usually  presents  the  facts  of  the  news 
so  that  they  can  be  grasped  readily  in  rapid  reading.  Its  length  is  determined 
by  the  value  of  its  news  as  measured  by  the  ordinary  standards  of  news 
values.  It  may  be  made  interesting  by  bringing  out  the  human  interest  ele- 
ment and  by  any  literary  device  that  is  adapted  to  the  subject.  Usually  it 
has  a  summary  lead. 


10  TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 

The  informative  story  of  the  constructive  type  aims  to  interest  the  reader 
in  the  significance  of  the  facts  of  the  news,  and  the  length  of  the  story,  ac- 
cordingly, is  determined  by  the  importance  of  the  news  from  this  point  of 
view.  By  bringing  out  the  human  interest  element  in  the  constructive  type 
of  story,  the  writer  is  able  to  make  the  emotional  appeal  to  the  readers  that 
is  particularly  effective  in  accompHshing  the  purposes  of  this  kind  of  story. 
Stories  of  this  type  may  or  may  not  have  a  summary  lead. 

In  the  entertaining  feature  story  that  contains  little  or  no  news,  the  inter- 
est hes  entirely  in  the  manner  in  which  the  facts  are  told.  The  hterary  ability 
of  the  writer  is  here  tested  to  the  utmost,  for  a  story  is  read  only  so  far  as  it 
interests.  The  length  of  these  stories,  therefore,  is  determined  by  the  writer's 
success  in  sustaining  the  reader's  interest. 

News  stories  in  method  are  (1)  narrative,  (2)  descriptive,  (3)  expository, 
or  (4)  any  combination  of  these  three  forms  of  discourse.  These  forms  are 
often  to  be  found  combined  in  a  single  story.  The  reporter,  for  example,  may 
in  one  story  narrate  a  series  of  incidents,  describe  the  persons  and  places  in- 
volved, and  explain  causes,  motives,  and  results. 

In  the  purely  informative  news  story  that  is  narrative  in  form  there  is 
little  suspense,  because  the  essential  facts  are  usually  summarized  in  the 
beginning,  or  lead.  In  the  narrative  feature  story,  however,  the  interest  is 
frequently  sustained  by  the  same  devices  that  are  used  in  fiction. 

Description  in  news  stories  may  be  either  suggestive  or  detailed.  In  most 
stories  lack  of  space  makes  it  impossible  to  do  more  than  sketch  briefly  the 
appearance  of  persons  and  objects  by  suggestive  touches.  In  long  stories, 
however,  when  circumstances  warrant  it,  descriptions  may  be  given  in  con- 
siderable detail.  The  purpose  in  both  kinds  of  description  should  be  to  con- 
vey to  the  reader  impressions  of  sights,  sounds,  etc.,  as  vivid  as  those  the  re- 
porter himself  experienced. 

News  stories  are  expository,  as  a  whole  or  in  part,  whenever  situations  must 
be  made  clear  by  explaining  motives,  causes,  results,  and  other  phases  of  the 
news,  or  by  summarizing  the  whole  or  a  part  of  speeches,  reports,  etc.  Such 
exposition  should  always  be  as  simple  and  lucid  as  possible. 

Structure  of  the  story.  The  structure  of  the  news  story  is  concerned  with 
(1)  the  beginning,  or  lead,  and  (2)  the  body  of  the  story.  The  informative 
story  usually  begins  with  a  summary  lead  that  answers  the  reader's  ques- 
tions Who?  What?  Where?  When?  Why?  How?  Thus  the  summary  lead 
includes  the  following  details:  (1)  the  persons,  (2)  the  event,  (3)  the  place, 
(4)  the  time,  (5)  the  cause,  (6)  the  significant  circumstances.  Any  one  of 
these  elements  of  the  news  may  be  "featured"  in  the  place  of  prominence  at 


THE   STUDY   OF  NEWS   STORIES  ii 

the  beginning  of  the  story,  although  the  time  and  the  place  are  seldom  played 
up  in  this  way.  The  story  of  entertainment  or  appeal,  on  the  other  hand, 
usually  avoids  the  summary  lead  by  beginning  in  one  of  the  ways  common  to 
fictitious  narratives.  In  its  beginning,  its  effort  to  sustain  suspense,  and  its 
semblance  of  plot  the  human  interest  or  feature  story  closely  resembles  the 
short  story. 

In  the  body  of  the  story  the  details  follow  a  logical  order.  The  arrangement 
in  narrative  stories  is  usually  chronological.  Only  such  of  the  details  sum- 
marized in  the  lead  are  repeated  in  the  body  of  the  story  as  are  needed  for 
clearness.  Although  it  is  well  to  round  out  stories  in  the  last  paragraph,  the 
ending  does  not  receive  so  much  attention  as  in  other  prose,  because  the 
exigencies  of  "make-up"  often  necessitate  the  cutting  off  of  the  last  para- 
graph or  two. 

Literary  style.  The  style  of  a  news  story  is  concerned  with  such  elements 
as  (1)  paragraphs,  (2)  sentences,  (3)  words;  and  with  such  qualities  as  (1) 
clearness,  (2)  force,  (3)  animation,  (4)  humor,  (5)  pathos,  (6)  taste. 

Analysis  of  paragraphs  and  sentences  should  include:  (1)  the  length  of  the 
paragraph  and  of  the  sentence;  (2)  the  unity  of  thought  in  the  sentence,  and 
the  unity  of  topic  in  the  paragraph;  (3)  the  coherence,  or  connection  between 
the  parts;  and  (4)  the  emphasis  given  to  the  important  ideas  by  their  position 
in  sentence  and  paragraph. 

Because  of  the  narrowness  of  the  columns  the  newspaper  paragraph  must 
be  comparatively  short  to  avoid  appearing  heavy  and  uninviting.  The  typi- 
cal newspaper  paragraph  contains  from  35  to  75  words,  whereas  the  average 
paragraph  in  ordinary  prose  is  from  150  to  250  words  in  length. 

In  sentence  length,  and  in  paragraph  and  sentence  unity  and  coherence, 
the  style  of  the  news  story  does  not  differ  from  that  of  other  prose.  Involved 
constructions,  long  periodic  sentences,  and  similar  rhetorical  devices,  how- 
ever, have  no  place  in  journalistic  writing,  because  they  tend  to  prevent  rapid 
reading. 

The  emphasis  given  to  an  important  point  by  placing  it  at  the  begin- 
ning of  a  sentence  or  a  paragraph,  is  a  distinctive  characteristic  of  newspaper 
style,  growing  out  of  the  fact  that  in  rapid  reading  the  eye  catches  impor- 
tant points  quickly  if  they  occupy  these  initial  positions. 

Specific  words  in  original  combinations  are  always  preferable  to  colorless, 
general  terms  and  trite  phrases.  Technical,  scientific,  and  learned  words 
should  be  avoided  unless  fully  explained.  Slang  and  colloquial  expressions 
may  be  used  when  the  tone  of  the  story  justifies  them. 

Clearness,  which  is  essential  to  rapid  reading,  depends  upon  the  arrange- 


12  TYPES  OF  NEWS  WRITING 

ment,  the  connection,  and  the  expression  of  ideas,  and  the  student  will  do 
well  to  analyze  these  essential  factors  in  well-written  stories.  How  brisk 
movement  and  steady  progress  can  be  secured  is  also  worthy  of  notice. 
Humor  and  pathos  are  not  infrequent  in  news  stories,  particularly  in  those  of 
the  feature  and  human  interest  type.  The  student  should  observe  how  humor 
may  be  effective  without  ridicule,  buffoonery,  or  vulgarity,  and  how  offensive 
facts  may  be  presented  in  news  stories  without  violating  the  canons  of  good 
taste. 

Typographical  style.  Peculiarities  in  such  details  of  typographical  style 
as  abbreviation,  capitalization,  hyphenation,  and  the  use  of  numerical  figures 
should  be  noted  in  each  story  and  associated  with  the  newspaper  from  which 
the  story  was  taken,  for  each  paper  has  a  typographical  style  of  its  own.  One 
style  is  as  good  as  another,  but  it  is  essential  that  consistency  be  maintained. 

The  printing  of  significant  facts  in  a  box  at  the  beginning  or  in  the  body  of 
a  story,  often  in  bold-face  type,  the  method  of  arranging  lists  of  dead  and 
injured,  the  forms  for  market  reports,  scores  in  sports,  and  similar  details 
should  be  carefully  noted. 


AN  OUTLINE  FOR  THE  ANALYSIS  OF  NEWS  STORIES 

NEWS   VALUES 

1.  In  what  paper  was  the  story  published? 

2.  What  are  the  policy  and  the  character  of  the  paper? 

3.  How  widely  does  the  paper  circulate  outside  of  the  place  in  which  it  is  pub- 
lished? 

4.  Does  the  paper  appeal  to  a  particular  class  of  readers? 

5.  Is  the  piece  of  news  presented  from  the  point  of  view  of  this  class? 

6.  What,  for  the  average  reader,  is  the  source  of  interest  in  the  news  contained 
in  the  story? 

7.  How  much  would  the  news  interest  the  average  reader?  Why? 

8.  Do  you  think  that  the  news  was  worth  more  or  less  space  than  was  given  to  it? 
Why? 

9.  What  more  significant  phases  might  have  been  played  up  or  developed? 

SOURCES  OF   NEWS 

1.  How  did  the  news  originate? 

2.  Where  was  the  first  record  of  it  probably  made?  By  whom? 

3.  What  records  and  what  persons  may  have  been  consulted  in  securing  the  news? 

4.  What  reference  books  or  material  may  have  been  used  in  getting  or  in  verifying 
the  details  of  the  story? 

5.  What  other  possible  sources  might  have  been  consulted? 


THE   STUDY   OF   NEWS   STORIES  13 

METHODS  OF  NEWS  GATHERING 

1.  What  evidence  does  the  story  give  of  the  methods  by  which  the  news  was  ob- 
tained? 

2.  Is  there  any  evidence  that  the  reporter  or  correspondent  failed  to  get  any  of  the 
important  details  of  the  piece  of  news? 

PURPOSE 

1.  Does  the  story  seem  to  be  fair  and  unbiased? 

2.  Is  there  evidence  that  any  important  facts  were  suppressed  or  that  the  story  was 
colored  to  conform  to  the  policy  of  the  paper? 

3.  Is  the  handhng  of  the  news  constructive  or  destructive  in  its  effect? 

4.  What,  if  any,  is  the  constructive  purpose  of  the  writer? 

5.  Is  the  story  so  treated  as  to  tempt  the  reader  to  imitate  anti-social  acts? 

TYPE  OF  STORY 

1.  Is  the  primary  purpose  of  the  story  to  inform  or  to  entertain? 

2.  Is  the  story  largely  narrative  and  descriptive?  Is  it  largely  explanatory?  Is  it 
largely  direct  or  indirect  quotation? 

3.  If  the  story  is  narrative  in  form,  is  the  order  chronological? 

4.  Is  the  narrative  clear  or  confused? 

5.  Does  the  narrative  move  slowly  or  briskly?  Why? 

6.  Are  accounts  of  the  event  by  participants  or  eye-witnesses  used?  If  so,  are  these 
accounts  in  direct  or  indirect  quotation  form? 

7.  Are  remarks  and  conversation  of  participants  and  eye-witnesses  given? 

8.  Is  the  description  detailed  or  suggestive?  Is  it  effective?  Why? 

9.  Is  there  a  striving  for  effect  in  the  description? 

10.  If  the  story  is  that  of  a  speech,  report,  etc.,  is  the  material  arranged  in  logical 
order? 

11.  Is  much  or  little  made  of  the  personal,  or  human  interest,  element  in  the  story 
of  the  speech  or  the  interview? 

STRUCTURE  OF  THE   STORY 

1.  Has  the  story  a  summary  lead  or  an  unconventional  beginning? 

2.  Does  the  lead  contain  the  essential  facts  concisely  presented? 

3.  Is  the  most  striking  detail  played  up  as  the  feature  in  the  first  group  of  words  of 
the  opening  sentence  of  the  lead? 

4.  What  other  element  in  the  news  might  have  been  featured  in  the  lead? 

5.  Is  the  lead  proportionate  in  length  to  the  whole  story? 

6.  How  are  the  details  arranged  in  the  body  of  the  story? 

7.  Is  there  any  evidence  that  the  story  was  cut  down  in  making  up  the  paper? 

8.  Are  the  paragraphs  closely  connected? 

9.  Is  there  unnecessary  repetition  in  the  story? 

10.  Could  the  arrangement  of  the  details  be  improved?  How? 


14  TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 

LITERARY  STYLE   OF  THE   STORY 
Paragraphs 

1.  What  is  the  average  length  of  the  paragraphs? 

2.  Are  any  of  the  paragraphs  too  long  or  too  short? 

3.  Is  each  paragraph  a  unit? 

4.  Are  the  details  well  arranged  and  closely  connected  in  the  paragraphs? 

5.  Does  the  first  group  of  words  at  the  beginning  of  each  paragraph  attract  the 
reader  as  his  eye  glances  down  the  story? 

6.  Could  any  of  the  paragraph  beginnings  be  made  more  effective?  How? 

Sentences 

1.  What  is  the  average  length  of  the  sentences? 

2.  Are  any  of  the  sentences  too  long  or  too  short? 

3.  Is  the  construction  of  each  sentence  evident  in  rapid  reading? 

4.  Is  each  sentence  a  unified  expression  of  a  closely  related  group  of  ideas? 

5.  Are  the  parts  of  the  sentences  combined  in  firm,  closely  knit  construction? 

6.  Do  the  sentence  beginnings  attract  the  reader  by  the  importance  and  the  in- 
terest of  the  ideas  expressed  in  the  first  group  of  words? 

7.  Do  any  of  the  sentences  trail  off  loosely  into  a  succession  of  phrases  and  clauses? 

8.  Is  there  variety  in  sentence  length  and  sentence  construction? 

Words 

1.  Is  the  style  concise  or  wordy? 

2.  Is  the  diction  original  or  hackneyed? 

3.  Is  the  style  marked  by  many  adjectives  or  by  superlatives? 

4.  Are  the  verbs  specific  and  forcible? 

5.  Is  the  diction  too  learned  for  the  comprehension  of  the  average  rapid  reader? 

6.  Are  words  used  idiomatically  and  accurately? 

7.  Are  slang  and  colloquial  expressions  found  in  the  story?  What  is  the  effect  of  them? 

8.  Is  the  diction  is  keeping  with  the  tone  of  the  story? 

Qualities  op  Style 

1.  Can  the  details  of  the  story  be  easily  comprehended  in  rapid  reading;  that  is,  is 
the  style  comparatively  simple? 

2.  Upon  what  does  the  general  clearness  of  the  story  depend? 

3.  Is  the  movement  slow  or  rapid?  Why? 

4.  Is  there  any  himior  or  pathos  in  the  story?  How  is  the  humorous  or  the  pathetic 
effect  secured? 

5.  Has  the  news  possibiUties  for  humorous  or  pathetic  treatment  that  are  not  de- 
veloped? 

6.  Is  the  story  in  good  taste? 

TYPOGRAPHICAL  STYLE 

1.  What  are  the  peculiarities  of  abbreviation,  capitalization,  hyphenation,  and  use 
of  numerical  figures? 

2.  Is  the  typographical  style  consistent  throughout  the  story? 

3 .  Are  any  details  of  the  story  given  prominence  by  typographical  devices?  If  so,  why? 


CHAPTER  III 

FIRES  AND  ACCIDENTS 

Type  of  story.  Many  newspaper  reports  of  fires  and  accidents  may  be  con- 
sidered as  typical  examples  of  narrative  and  descriptive  news  stories  of  the 
purely  informative  type.  The  essential  facts  of  the  news  are  presented  in  a 
simple,  direct,  concise  manner  without  any  attempt  to  give  the  story  any 
greater  interest  for  the  reader  than  the  facts  themselves  possess.  Such  a  fire 
story  is  that  of  the  "Large  Tannery  Fire"  (p.  16)  and  such  an  accident 
story  is  that  entitled  "Automobile  and  Car  Collide"  (p.  24). 

When  human  life  is  involved  in  these  events,  some  newspaper  writers  take 
advantage  of  the  opportunity  to  add  to  the  interest  by  developing  the  per- 
sonal, or  human  interest,  elements  of  the  news  in  the  informative  type  of 
story,  while  at  the  same  time  presenting  the  facts  fully  and  accurately. 
Accident  stories  of  this  type  are  those  headed  "Entombed  Miners"  (p.  38) 
and  "Baby  Drowns"  (p.  42). 

Less  important  fires  and  accidents  that  might  otherwise  go  unnoticed,  or 
be  dismissed  with  a  few  lines,  may  have  in  them  some  element  that  lends  it- 
self to  the  feature,  or  human  interest,  treatment.  A  small  fire  story  of  this 
type  is  found  on  p.  19;  a  humorous  feature  story  of  an  accident  is  that  of  the 
"  Child  in  a  Runaway  "  (p.  25) ;  and  a  pathetic  human  interest  story  is  that  of 
the  "Boy  Killed  by  Car"  (p.  25). 

Purpose.  Stories  of  fires  and  accidents,  particularly  when  such  occurrences 
result  in  fatalities,  may  be  written  so  as  to  be  either  constructive  or  destruc- 
tive in  their  influence  upon  readers.  The  constructive  effect  lies  in  emphasis 
upon  those  elements  that  tend  (1)  to  turn  the  reader's  attention  to  preventive 
measures,  (2)  to  create  sympathy  for  the  victims,  or  (3)  to  inspire  admiration 
for  heroism  or  other  virtues.  Stories  that  give  prominence  to  immediate 
or  underlying  causes  and  responsibility  in  cases  of  fires  and  accidents,  as  well 
as  to  possible  preventive  measures,  have  a  helpful  effect.  Stories  that  create 
sympathy  for  victims  deserving  of  aid  generally  result  in  prompt  offers  of 
relief.  Examples  of  constructive  stories  are  those  entitled  "Fire  in  Stables" 
(p.  18),  "Lodging  House  Fire  "  (p.  21),  and  "Runaway"  (p.  22).  The  story 
that  aims  to  satisfy  readers'  interest  in  ghastly  and  sensational  phases  of 
fatal  fires  and  accidents  panders  to  a  morbid  curiosity  and  inevitably 


i6 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


has  an  unwholesome  influence,  even  though  the  facts  that  it  presents  are 
true. 

Treatment  of  material.  All  types  of  fire  and  accident  stories  give  oppor- 
tunity for  spirited  narrative  and  vivid  description.  Possible  means  for  lend- 
ing life  and  interest  to  the  narrative  include  accounts  of  the  disaster,  either 
in  direct  or  indirect  quotation  form,  as  secured  by  interviews  with  survivors 
and  eye-witnesses,  and  conversation  between  persons  involved. 

Contents  of  story.  Among  the  important  details  to  be  considered  in  analyz- 
ing stories  of  unexpected  occurrences,  such  as  fires  and  accidents,  are:  (1) 
number  of  hves  lost;  (2)  number  of  fives  endangered;  (3)  names  of  dead  and 
injured;  (4)  prominent  persons  and  places  involved;  (5)  character  and  extent 
of  damage;  (6)  property  threatened  with  damage  or  destruction;  (7)  cause 
and  responsibility;  (8)  investigations;  (9)  preventive  measures  against  recur- 
rence of  event;  (10)  probable  or  actual  effects;  (11)  pecufiar  and  unusual 
circumstances;  (12)  humorous  and  pathetic  incidents.  Almost  any  gne  of 
these  details  may  be  the  feature  of  the  story,  and  as  such  may  be  played  up 
in  the  lead.  The  space  and  prominence  given  to  each  of  these  details  are 
determined  by  its  relative  news  value. 


LARGE  TANNERY  FIRE 

Boston  Transcript 

Following  an  explosion  of  fuel  oil,  fire 
spread  like  a  flash  through  the  plant  of  the 
George  C.  Vaughn  Sole  Leather  Tannery  on 
Upper  Bridge  street,  Salem,  shortly  before 
noon  today  and  destroyed  three  large 
buildings  and  a  power  house,  with  a  loss 
estimated  from  $325,000  to  $350,000,  cov- 
ered by  insurance.  Many  times  the  flames 
leaped  to  the  neighboring  wooden  struc- 
tures that  surround  the  plant,  but  by  the 
efforts  of  the  entire  Salem  fire  department, 
assisted  by  men  and  apparatus  from  Bev- 
erly, Peabody  and  Marblehead,  a  conflagra- 
tion was  narrowly  averted. 

More  than  a  quarter  million  dollars' 
worth  of  sole  leather  was  stored  on  the 
premises.  A.  J.  Vaughn,  president  of  the 
company,  said  after  the  fire  that  $200,000 
worth  of  new  stock  had  recently  been  re- 
ceived and  that  the  old  stock,  machinery 
and  buildings  were  worth  $150,000  in  ad- 
dition, bringing  the  total  loss  to  $350,000. 


The  fire,'which  broke  out  at  11.15  A.  M. 
in  the  basement  of  the  main  tannery  build- 
ing, spread  so  quickly  that  the  employees 
at  work  on  the  upper  floors  had  difficulty  in 
escaping  to  the  street.  Even  before  the 
first  alarm  had  been  sent  in,  the  advancing 
flames  reached  a  large  tank  of  oil,  used 
for  fuel  in  the  power  house.  A  heavy  ex- 
plosion followed  and  the  fire  gained  irre- 
sistible headway,  since  the  power  house 
stood  in  the  centre  of  the  plant  and  was 
flanked  on  three  sides  by  the  tanning 
houses. 

Unable  to  check  the  flames  in  the  plant, 
the  firemen  bent  their  energy  to  keep  the 
fire  from  spreading.  Calls  for  assistance 
sent  to  the  surrounding  towns  met  quick 
response,  and  by  12.30  the  blaze  was  un- 
der control. 

The  buildings  of  the  plant  comprised  a 
two-story  stone  tannery,  200  feet  long;  a 
single-story  drying  and  rolling  house,  built 
of  wood,  with  a  frontage  of  150  feet;  and  a 
beam  house,  also  of  wood,  with  a  frontage 
of  125  feet.   They  were  grouped  on  three 


FIRES   AND   ACCIDENTS 


17 


sides  of  a  square  surrounding  the  power 
house.  The  plant  was  formerly  known  as 
the  F.  A.  Lord  tannery,  but  was  enlarged 
and  remodelled  after  its  purchase  by  the 
George  C.  Vaughn  Company. 


UNIVERSITY  BUILDING    BURNS 

New  York  Times 

Three  important  collections  of  books 
and  documents,  two  of  which  were  held 
by  their  owners  to  be  priceless,  since  they 
represented  the  lifework  of  the  collectors, 
were  destroyed  in  the  fire  which  swept 
through  the  superstructure  of  the  uncom- 
pleted University  Hall  on  the  Columbia 
University  campus  early  yesterday  morn- 
ing. 

While  the  &e  was  burning,  between  1 
and  2  o'clock,  the  interest  of  the  student 
body  was  centred  principally  in  the  gym- 
nasium, where  there  was  a  grand  piano  and 
much  apparatus  to  be  saved,  and  in  the 
rooms  of  the  Columbia  University  crew, 
where  there  were  many  trophies,  oars,  and 
banners. 

In  the  rush  to  save  athletic  trophies,  the 
documents  in  rooms  near  by  were  over- 
looked. They  were  finally  pitched  out  of 
the  windows  by  firemen  cleaning  up  after 
the  fire,  and  they  were  made  up  into  three 
great  rubbish  heaps  on  the  lawns  about  the 
burned  building. 

Before  these  rubbish  heaps  a  Professor 
of  Mathematics  and  a  Professor  of  Ger- 
manic History  stood  yesterday  with  tears 
in  their  eyes,  their  shirtsleeves  rolled  up 
for  work.  They  toiled  through  the  debris 
looking  for  personal  papers  and  for  notes 
and  documents  which  they  said  regretfully 
they  feared  they  could  never  replace. 

The  collections  destroyed  included  all 
the  personal  library  on  the  history  of 
Germanic  civilization  brought  to  this 
country  by  Dr.  Ernst  Richard,  Professor  of 
Germanic  History.  With  Dr.  Richard's 
documents  went  his  personal  notes,  which 
he  had  gathered  in  a  lifetime  of  study. 
While  he  stood  over  the  rubbish  pile  in 
front  of  the  window  of  what  had  been  his 
office,  Dr.  F.  N.  Cole,  Professor  of  Mathe- 


matics, searched  another  big  rubbish  pile 
near  by. 

Dr.  Cole  also  contemplated  his  loss  with 
deep  sorrow.  In  the  pile  before  him  were 
all  the  official  documents  and  records  of  the 
American  Mathematical  Association,  which 
had  its  headquarters  in  the  building.  Dr. 
Cole  was  its  Secretary,  and  he  had  moved 
the  documents  from  East  Hall  two  years 
ago  because  he  feared  that  East  Hall  might 
burn,  while  University  Hall,  except  for  the 
temporary  superstructure,  was  fireproof. 

The  documents  had  been  accumulating 
since  the  association  was  founded.  The 
files  of  the  first  ten  volumes  of  its  publica- 
tion, the  American  Mathematical  Society's 
Bulletin,  were  destroyed  together  with  the 
stock  collection  of  copies  of  all  subsequent 
volumes.  All  of  Dr.  Cole's  personal  papers 
were  destroyed  with  the  society's  papers. 

The  fire,  which  apparently  originated  in 
the  kitchens  behind  the  Commons  eating 
quarters  on  the  main  floor,  swept  through 
wooden  partitions  separating  various  of- 
fices on  that  floor,  and  through  a  temporary 
wooden  roof  which  had  been  put  on  against 
the  time  when  seven  more  stories  should 
be  built. 

As  the  lower  floors,  which  were  part  of 
the  permanent  structure,  were  fireproof, 
the  flames  did  not  work  down  through 
them,  but  died  out  when  they  had  con- 
sumed the  temporary  superstructure.  The 
gymnasium  on  the  lower  floor  was  un- 
harmed, except  by  water,  and  the  swim- 
ming pool  below  it  was  ready  for  use  yester- 
day. 

The  offices  on  the  upper  floor  which  were 
destroyed  included  the  headquarters  of 
The  Columbia  Spectator,  The  Jester,  the 
Prison  Reform  Association,  and  the  Ameri- 
can Mathematical  Association,  the  rooms 
of  the  Columbia  Crew,  the  Commons 
Restaurant,  and  the  offices  of  the  depart- 
ments of  mathematics  and  Germanic  his- 
tory. 

The  athletic  trophies  in  University  Hall, 
it  turned  out,  were  of  only  minor  value, 
having  been  won  at  training  bouts  on  the 
Harlem  River.  The  rich  trophies  of  the 
university  were  kept  in  another  building 
with  fireproof  walls  and  floors. 


i8 


TYPES   OF  NEWS   WRITING 


E.  Stagg  Whitin,  Secretary  of  the  Pri- 
son Reform  Association,  joined  the  down- 
hearted group  early  in  the  afternoon. 
"What  will  Thomas  Mott  Osborne  say 
when  he  hears  of  this,"  he  remarked,  as  he 
looked  over  the  debris  that  had  been  notes 
and  documents.  "All  our  work  was  here," 
he  said,  "all  the  fruits  of  our  years  of  in- 
vestigation. And  there  was  even  material 
we  intended  to  use  in  a  lawsuit  against 
some  Connecticut  prison  labor  contrac- 
tors. 

"I  don't  see  how  we  can  replace  what 
we  have  lost.  The  reports  of  our  investi- 
gators made  up  a  good  part  of  it.  We 
spent  our  funds  preparing  this  material, 
and  the  only  way  we  can  replace  it  is 
to  raise  another  fund  to  do  it  all  over 
again." 

The  ruin  of  University  Hall's  super- 
structure was  not  permitted  to  repose  even 
an  hour.  Dean  Frederick  Goetze,  the  uni- 
versity Controller,  who  drove  in  by  auto- 
mobile from  Orient,  L.  I.,  on  hearing  of  the 
fire,  had  wagons  loaded  with  lumber  on  the 
Campus  before  the  firemen  were  through 
tearing  out  the  embers.  He  had  150  men 
at  work  before  noon  rebuilding  the  roof, 
and  had  orders  placed  for  all  material  to 
replace  the  offices.  He  notified  the  gjTn- 
nasium  instructors  that  they  might  hold 
classes  as  usual  on  Monday,  and  posted  a 
notice  to  students  that  meals  would  be 
served  as  usual  in  the  Commons  Monday 
noon. 

A  special  announcement  which  pleased 
university  oarsmen  was  that  their  annual 
dinner,  scheduled  for  Oct.  21,  could  be 
held  in  the  gjTiinasium.  Invitations  to 
1,000  former  students  had  been  accepted, 
and'  postponement  would  have  robbed 
the  oarsmen  of  the  rowing  season's  great 
event. 

Coach  Jim  Rice  ordered  the  rowing 
squads  to  report  on  Monday  for  barge 
work  on  the  Hudson,  remarking  that  real 
rowing  was  better  than  work  on  the  ma- 
chines in  the  gymnasium. 

The  loss  on  the  building  was  officially 
placed  at  "less  than  $100,000,"  which,  it 
was  said,  was  fully  covered  by  insur- 
ance. 


FIRE  IN  STABLES 

Boston  Transcript 

Fire  that  partly  destroyed  the  Thornton 
Stables,  a  five-story  brick  building  at  85  to 
95  West  Mifihn  street  this  morning,  has 
aroused  Mayor  Curley  to  the  immediate 
necessity  of  legislation  to  enable  the  city 
to  raze  buildings,  without  the  fear  of  re- 
sultant liability,  when  such  buildings  have 
been  condemned  by  the  building  depart- 
ment. He  will  ask  the  incoming  Legisla- 
ture for  such  a  law. 

For  sixteen  years  the  West  Mifflin  street 
building  had  been  regarded  as  one  of  the 
worst  firetraps  in  the  city,  according  to  the 
mayor.  In  1898  it  was  condemned  and  an 
order  was  issued  by  the  fire  commissioner 
forbidding  firemen  to  enter  the  building  in 
case  of  fire.  During  these  years  the  build- 
ing was  constantly  under  inspection  by  both 
the  fire  and  building  departments,  and  why 
it  was  not  ordered  vacated  has  not  been 
explained.  The  walls  were  shored  up,  or 
strengthened  by  iron  rods,  as  the  foundation 
had  settled,  and  yet  the  firemen  realized 
that,  once  a  fire  got  under  way,  the  walls 
would  not  last  long,  as  their  thickness  was 
about  eight  inches. 

Before  the  fire  was  extinguished  today, 
Mayor  Cm-ley  and  Building  Commissioner 
O'Hearn  visited  the  scene  and  discussed 
with  Fire  Commissioner  Grady  and  Chief 
McDonough  the  dangers  that  exist  in 
other  buildings  throughout  the  city  which 
have  been  condemned  but  which  are  still 
occupied  and  are  regarded  as  a  particular 
menace  in  case  of  fire.  The  party  looked 
over  the  surrounding  property,  and  the 
Building  Commissioner  pointed  out  three 
buildings  on  the  same  street  and  practically 
adjoining  the  stables  that  were  being  torn 
down  on  his  orders.  These  were  ramshackle 
buildings  that  had  been  fire  menaces  for 
years.  It  was  the  prevailing  opinion  that  if 
the  stable  fire  had  got  under  greater  head- 
way when  discovered,  and  if  a  heavy  wind 
had  prevailed,  the  best  efforts  of  the  fire- 
men could  not  have  prevented  a  serious 
spread  of  the  flames.  The  buUdings  on  the 
southerly  side  of  the  stables  are  all  of  wood, 
and  the  flames  would  have  had  little  dif- 


FIRES   AND   ACCIDENTS 


19 


ficulty,  had  they  got  beyond  the  control  of 
the  firemen,  in  sweeping  over  the  site  of  one 
removed  building  to  those  of  most  inflam- 
mable nature  used  as  lodging-houses. 

Mayor  Curley  directed  Fire  Commis- 
sioner Grady  to  prepare  a  list  of  buildings 
of  sufficiently  dangerous  fire  risks  to  war- 
rant orders  from  headquarters  forbidding 
the  firemen  entering  them  in  case  of  fire. 
That  there  are  many  such  buildings  in 
various  parts  of  the  city  of  substantial  pro- 
portions was  admitted.  The  fire  commis- 
sioner declared  that  he  had  received  a  le- 
gal opinion  that  the  city  is  not  justified 
in  tearing  down  buildings  which  have  been 
condemned,  unless  the  owner  or  owners 
give  their  consent.  The  city  has  author- 
ity, however,  to  vacate  buildings.  Section 
four,  Chapter  550  of  the  Acts  of  1907,  pro- 
vides that  the  building  commissioner,  or 
one  of  his  inspectors,  shall  inspect  every 
building  which  he  has  reason  to  believe  is 
unsafe  or  dangerous  to  life,  limb  or  adjoin- 
ing buildings,  and,  if  he  finds  it  unsafe  or 
dangerous,  shall  notify  the  owner  to  secure 
the  building,  and  shall  affix  in  a  conspicu- 
ous place  on  its  walls  a  notice  of  its  danger- 
ous condition.  "The  commissioner  may, 
with  the  written  approval  of  the  mayor, 
order  any  building  which  in  his  opinion  is 
unsafe  to  be  vacated  forthwith,"  in  the 
words  of  the  law. 

Fifty  buildings  have  already  been  con- 
denmed  this  year.  Many  of  them  have 
been  removed,  but  in  every  case  the  owners 
have  consented  to  the  removal.  The  build- 
ing commissioner  sends  his  lists  of  con- 
demned buildings  to  the  City  Council, 
which  gives  hearings  on  the  appeal.  There 
is  a  long  list  of  such  buildings  now  pend- 
ing before  the  council,  and  the  mayor  will 
go  before  that  body  at  its  next  meeting  and 
urge  that  the  list  be  given  immediate  atten- 
tion. 

The  law  department  has  handled  two 
hundred  egress  cases  for  the  building  de- 
partment in  the  last  two  years.  Assistant 
Corporation  Counsel  Edward  T.  McGet- 
trick  having  full  charge,  and  in  not  a  single 
case  has  the  department  been  obliged  to 
vacate  after  the  bill  in  equity  has  been  filed 
in  court.  Most  of  these  cases,  however,  are 


of  lodging-houses,  the  owners  preferring  to 
obey  orders  in  providing  sufficient  fire- 
escapes  rather  than  fight  the  case  in  the 
courts 


SMALL  FIRE 

Savannah  News 

A  tiny,  golden-throated  canary  bird  was 
the  hero  of  a  midnight  fire  in  the  lobby  of 
the  Geiger  Hotel  on  Broughton  street  last 
night. 

It  was  due  to  the  bird  that  the  attaches 
of  the  hotel  investigated  and  found  a  blaze 
in  the  wall  caused  by  a  defective  flue  in  the 
rear  of  the  cigar  stand  cases.  The  loss  will 
amount  to  between  $500  and  $600.  The 
bird  hangs  in  a  cage  near  the  cigar  stand. 
About  11:30  o'clock  S.  D.  MacMartin 
noticed  it  suddenly  wake  from  its  sleep  and 
flutter  noisily  about  the  cage.  He  thought 
a  cat  w^as  attempting  to  get  the  bird  and 
made  an  investigation.  He  climbed  on  a 
chair  and  a  puff  of  smoke  and  a  blaze  shot 
towards  him. 

A  telephone  alarm  was  sent  immediately 
to  fire  headquarters,  and  Chemical  Com- 
pany No.  1  answered.  They  extinguished 
the  blaze  in  a  short  time.  It  was  necessary 
to  chop  away  the  partition,  and  the  cigar 
stand  and  cases  were  moved  into  the  lobby 
of  the  hotel  from  the  wall.  The  o-^Tier  of 
the  stand  stated  that  his  loss  would  be  con- 
siderable. 

With  all  the  excitement  in  the  lobby 
none  of  the  guests  in  the  hotel  was  awak- 
ened. 


LIVES  LOST  IN  FIRE 

Chicago  Tribune 

A  careless  electrician,  a  gas  pocket  in 
a  fireproof  vault,  a  stab  of  flame  from 
a  blown- out  fuse — and  a  deadly  "sane 
Fourth"  argument  for  a  city  which  has 
ceased  to  need  one. 

Such,  in  brief,  was  the  story  read  by 
Coroner  Hoffman  and  other  official  in- 
vestigators yesterday  in  the  ruins  of  the 
Pain  Fireworks  Display  company's  plant 


20 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


at  1320  Wabash  avenue,  after  an  explosion 
of  the  $5,000  stock  of  cannon  crackers, 
torpedoes,  roman  candles,  sk5Tockets,  and 
pyrotechnical  set  pieces  had  wrecked  the 
firm's  own  building  and  rocked  adjoining 
structures. 

The  electrician,  upon  whom  the  authori- 
ties are  inclined  to  put  the  blame,  was 
Joseph  Johnson,  employed  in  the  fire 
sprinkler  department  of  the  American 
District  Telegraph  company. 

Johnson  was  one  of  five  persons  trapped 
in  the  building  and  killed.  Late  in  the  after- 
noon the  bodies  of  the  other  four  victims — 
H.  B.  Thearle,  president  of  the  company; 
Miss  Florence  Hill,  his  personal  secretary; 
Edward  Connors,  a  salesman;  and  R.  H. 
Wolff,  the  stockman — had  been  recovered, 
but  Johnson's  was  not  found  until  night. 

The  explosion — or  rather  the  explosions, 
for  there  were  three  or  four  of  them  at  half 
second  intervals — occurred  shortly  before 
11  o'clock  in  the  morning.  Mr.  Thearle  was 
sitting  at  his  desk  in  the  middle  of  the 
building,  a  deep,  narrow,  one  story  struc- 
ture of  concrete  and  steel.  At  his  side  was 
Miss  Hill,  taking  dictation  in  shorthand. 
Connors  was  busy  at  an  adjoining  desk. 

Wolff,  the  stockkeeper,  was  in  the  rear 
part  of  the  basement,  in  which  most  of  the 
company's  stock  was  stored.  At  the  front 
end  of  the  basement  two  electricians  were 
at  work — Johnson  and  Michael  J.  Calla- 
han, his  foreman.  The  job  on  which  the 
electricians  were  employed  centered  in  the 
Coca  Cola  building,  adjoining  the  Pain 
plant,  in  which  an  outfit  of  automatic 
sprinklers  was  being  installed. 

Duty  called  Callahan  into  the  Coca 
Cola  building  just  in  time  to  save  his  life. 
A  minute  after  the  foreman  electrician  had 
walked  out  the  front  door,  Thomas  BjTnes, 
sales  manager  for  the  fireworks  company, 
stepped  into  the  alley  at  the  rear  of  the 
buUding.  He  had  taken  only  a  few  steps 
when  there  was  a  flash  and  a  roar  and  his 
feet  shot  from  under  him. 

As  Byrnes  fell,  a  body  came  sailing  out 
into  the  alley.  It  stopped  short  against 
one  of  the  pillars  of  the  south  side  "L" 
structure,  which  runs  through  the  alley, 
and  Johnny  Costello,  the  Pain  office  boy, 


let  out  a  yell  of  terror.  The  ^ell  was  his 
last  for  several  hours,  for  he  immediately 
lost  consciousness. 

At  the  Wabash  avenue  end  of  the  build- 
ing other  things  were  happening.  With 
the  first  explosion  the  big  plate  glass  win- 
dow disappeared  and  a  mountain  of  flame 
burst  into  the  street.  The  street  car  tracks 
were  clear  for  a  hundred  yards  north  and 
south,  except  for  which  fact,  it  is  believed, 
there  would  have  been  many  more  killed 
and  injured. 

The  flame  rolled  across  the  street  and 
scorched  the  front  of  the  building  of  the 
Howe  Scale  companj^  all  the  windows  of 
which  had  been  shaken  out  by  the  explo- 
sion. On  the  heels  of  the  dissipated  flame 
mountain  a  pillar  of  smoke  several  hun- 
dred feet  in  height  rolled  out  of  the  Pain 
building. 

Columns  of  flame  and  smoke  climbed 
through  holes  in  the  fireworks  store  which 
marked  the  places  where  two  big  skylights 
had  been,  and  an  instant  later  a  dozen 
shutters  on  the  north  wall  of  the  Coca  Cola 
building  were  afire,  and  panic-stricken 
employes,  many  of  them  girls,  were  racing 
for  the  south  fire  escapes. 

Firemen  responding  to  a  4-11  alarm 
found  the  bodies  of  Mr.  Thearle,  Miss  Hill, 
and  Connors  just  inside  the  front  door, 
all  badly  burned.  Hours  later  the  body  of 
Wolff  was  found  in  the  rear  of  the  base- 
ment. It  was  after  nightfall  when  firemen, 
working  in  the  glare  of  a  searchlight,  took 
Johnson's  body  from  the  ruins. 

By  that  time  the  building  had  been 
carefully  inspected — and  it  was  regarded 
as  a  tribute  to  the  strength  of  its  rein- 
forced concrete  construction  that  there 
was  any  of  it  left  to  inspect — by  Coroner 
Hoffman,  J.  C.  O'Donnell,  chief  of  the 
bureau  of  fire  prevention  and  public  safety, 
and  investigators  for  the  new  municipal 
department  of  public  service.  All  were  of 
the  opinion  that  Johnson  was  responsible 
for  the  explosion,  but  the  blame  will  not  be 
definitely  placed  until  Monday,  when  a 
jury  impaneled  on  the  spot  by  Coroner 
Hoffman  will  hold  an  inquest. 

O'Donnell,  who  is  third  assistant  fire 
marshal,  planned  to  combine  his  investi- 


FIRES   AND   ACCIDENTS 


21 


gation  with  the  coroner's.  He  was  satis- 
fied, he  said,  that  the  Pain  company  had 
taken  all  reasonable  precautions  and  that 
favorable  reports  made  on  the  place  by 
inspectors  of  his  bureau  had  been  justified 
by  conditions. 

The  building  had  been  specially  con- 
structed for  the  storage  of  fireworks,  and 
had  been  occupied  by  the  company,  for- 
merly located  in  the  loop,  for  three  years. 
The  basement  had  been  divided  into  three 
sections  by  stout  partitions,  in  much  the 
same  way  that  bulkheads  are  built  into  a 
ship.  Into  each  of  the  partitions  was  set  a 
steel  door.  But  there  had  been  no  time  to 
close  the  doors. 

"  The  Pain  people  thought  they  were 
absolutely  protected  against  accidents," 
said  O'Donnell.  "This  goes  to  prove  there 
is  no  such  thing  as  absolute  protection  when 
explosives  are  being  handled." 


LODGING  HOUSE  FIRE 

New  York  World 

The  lives  of  six  persons  who  died  in  a 
lodging  house  fire  at  No.  1516  Eighth 
avenue  early  yesterday  morning,  might 
have  been  saved  if  orders  issued  by  the  Fire 
Department  last  May  27  had  been  obeyed, 
says  a  report  which  J.  O.  Hammitt,  Chief 
of  the  Bureau  of  Fire  Prevention,  made  late 
yesterday  to  Commissioner  Robert  Adam- 
son. 

Five  of  the  dead  persons  were  identified 
as  Bernard  Lynde,  thirty-five,  a  laborer; 
Edward  J.  Ryan,  thirty -five,  a  lunchman; 
Louis  Detter,  fifty-three,  a  laborer;  a  man 
named  Hagan,  about  fifty;  and  John  Cut- 
ter, eighty-four,  a  laborer.  The  sixth  man 
was  unidentified. 

There  were  sixty-five  men  registered  in 
the  hotel  when  Peter  Kelly,  a  watchman, 
saw  the  smoke  and  gave  an  alarm.  Sergt. 
John  Butler  of  the  Salvage  Corps  ran  to  the 
roof  of  a  neighboring  building  and  assisted 
fifteen  of  the  men  to  safety. 

Lieut.  Reed  of  Hook  and  Ladder  No. 
12,  and  Hugh  Bonner,  the  son  of  the  ex- 
Chief,  mounted  extension  ladders  to  the  top 
floor  and  assisted  many  more  to  the  ground. 


Three  bodies  were  found  on  the  third,  and 
three  on  the  top  floor. 

Coroner  Healy  and  Fire  Marshal  Prial 
believed  that  the  fire  was  caused  by  a  care- 
less smoker. 

Following  the  issuance  of  the  report,  it 
was  announced  that  an  investigation  would 
be  made  by  the  District-Attorney's  oflSce 
to  determine  whether  anyone  could  be  held 
responsible  for  the  loss  of  life. 

The  orders  were  for  the  enclosure  of  an 
unenclosed  stairway,  up  which  the  fire 
spread,  and  for  the  installation  of  an  in- 
terior fire  alarm  system.  Both  orders  had 
been  turned  over  to  the  legal  department 
for  enforcement,  and  work  on  the  stairway 
enclosure  was  in  progress  the  day  before 
the  fire.  Plans  for  the  fire  alarm  system 
were  approved  Oct.  22. 

Mr.  Hammitt  stated  that  the  day  before 
the  fire  an  inspector  learned  that  the  direct 
communication  of  the  lodging  house  with 
fire  headquarters  had  been  cut  and  ordered 
its  restoration.  The  report  says  that  Peter 
Loos,  the  proprietor,  called  at  fire  head- 
quarters at  9  o'clock  and  said  that  the  com- 
munication  had  not  been  re-established 
because  it  was  the  work  of  the  landlord,  but 
that  there  had  been  a  fire  in  which  "three 
persons  were  slightly  injured."  According 
to  Mr.  Hammitt,  Edward  Brown  is  the 
owner  of  the  building. 


CAUSE  OF  FIRE 

New  Yorh  Times 

A  glowing  match,  carelessly  tossed  into 
a  baby  carriage  standing  in  the  hall,  is  be- 
lieved to  have  started  the  fire  in  which 
thirteen  persons  lost  their  lives  in  the  three- 
story  tenement  house  in  the  rear  of  986 
North  Sixth  Street,  Williamsburg,  as  told 
in  The  Times  yesterday.  Poor  lighting  in 
the  hallways  may  have  been  an  indirect 
cause  of  the  fire,  according  to  Tenement 
House  Commissioner  John  J.  Murphy. 

As  in  more  than  2,000  structures  in  the 
city.  Commissioner  Murphy  said,  kerosene 
lamps  were  used  to  light  the  halls.  Often 
the  lights  go  out  or  are  turned  out  by  11 
o'clock,  so  that  persons  who  go  into  the 


22 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


buildings  later  are  forced  to  strike  matches 
to  find  their  way.  It  probably  was  a  match 
struck  in  this  way  that  started  the  fire. 

After  an  inspection  of  the  district  about 
ten  days  ago  all  the  property  owners  were 
warned  that  they  must  keep  their  lights 
lighted,  according  to  the  law.  The  inspec- 
tion disclosed  that  about  70  per  cent,  of  the 
houses  were  poorly  lighted. 

"Prosecutions  for  violations  of  the  law 
relating  to  lighting  are  almost  without  ex- 
ception in  vain,"  Commissioner  Murphy 
told  a  Times  reporter  yesterday,  "Jf  the 
owners  are  taken  to  court,  they  say  that 
the  Ughts  went  out,  or  were  blown  out.  The 
reason  for  the  law  is  primarily  to  see  that 
the  means  of  exit  are  hghted.  The  danger 
from  matches  used  to  light  the  way  had 
not  been  thought  so  great." 

Except  with  regard  to  lighting,  possi- 
bly, the  burned  tenement  complied  with 
all  the  provisions  of  the  law,  the  officials 
said.  The  fire  escapes  were  as  prescribed, 
and  it  was  due  to  excitement  on  the  part  of 
the  occupants  that  they  did  not  use  them 
instead  of  trying  to  go  down  the  stairs. 
Only  one  of  the  windows  opening  to  fire 
escapes  was  found  broken. 

All  of  the  victims  were  suffocated  by 
smoke.  Five  were  members  of  the  famUy 
of  Michael  Blund,  and  two  others  were 
boarders  with  him ;  three  were  members  of 
the  family  of  Michael  Lenko,  all  of  whom 
lived  on  the  top  floor.  John  Whatso  and 
his  wife  and  an  unidentified  man  who 
boarded  with  them  were  found  on  the  sec- 
ond floor. 

The  house  was  occupied  by  six  families, 
two  on  each  floor.  It  is  owned  by  John 
Korno,  a  banker,  of  667  Grand  Street,  who 
owns  several  other  tenement  houses  in  the 
neighborhood.  As  told  in  late  editions  of 
yesterday's  Times,  flames  were  seen  shoot- 
ing out  of  the  windows  by  a  passerby,  who 
turned  in  an  alarm.  The  firemen,  when 
they  arrived,  found  it  difficult  work,  so 
excited  was  the  crowd  in  front  of  the  burn- 
ing building. 

The  interior  of  the  building  was  scarcely 
touched  by  fire.  Several  of  the  bodies  were 
lightly  scorched,  but  it  was  apparent  that 
suffocation  had  caused  the  deaths.  On  one 


of  the  floors  the  tenants  had  opened  the 
door  and  left  it  open  creating  a  draft.  Ap- 
parently all  of  the  victims  had  been  asleep 
when  the  fire  started. 

Commissioner  Adamson,  Fire  Chief 
Kenlon,  Fire  Marshal  Brophy,  Deputy 
Tenement  House  Commissioner  Hickey, 
Assistant  District  Attorney  Wilson,  Cap- 
tain Shaw  of  the  Homicide  Squad  of  the 
Police  Department  and  Coroner  Wagner 
made  investigations.  At  first  it  was  thought 
that  the  fire  was  of  incendiary  origin,  and 
the  theory  was  that  it  had  been  started  by 
one  of  Korno's  tenants  who  had  been 
evicted.  The  officials  were  hampered  in 
their  investigation  because  most  of  the 
tenants  were  foreigners  and  could  not 
speak  English. 


RUNAWAY 

New  York  Evening  Post 

Dragged  from  his  own  horse  while  trying 
to  stop  a  runaway  in  Central  Park  this 
afternoon.  Mounted  Patrolman  Stephen 
Dowling,  although  thrown  under  the 
wheels  of  a  light  carriage,  jumped  to  his 
feet,  remounted  his  horse,  and,  after  a  chase 
of  ten  blocks,  caught  and  stopped  the 
other  animal.  His  uniform  was  torn  and 
he  received  contusions  about  the  body, 
but  he  remained  on  duty  throughout  the 
day.  The  runaway  horse  was  attached  to  a 
hght  runabout,  driven  by  a  man  and 
woman,  who  said  they  were  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
A.  R.  Hamilton  of  No.  775  West  Ninety- 
fifth  Street. 

They  were  driving  slowly  on  the  West 
Drive  when,  at  Ninetieth  Street,  the  bit 
broke  and  the  animal  bolted.  Dowling  saw 
the  runaway  and  pursued  it  on  liis  o\^ti 
horse,  which  overtook  the  fleeing  animal 
at  One  Hundred  and  Sixth  Street. 

Because  of  the  broken  bit  it  was  impos- 
sible to  stop  the  running  horse  by  catching 
the  bridle,  so  Dowhng  leaned  far  out  and 
wrapped  his  arms  around  the  neck  of  the 
runaway.  He  clung  in  this  manner  for  a 
few  minutes,  and  then,  his  own  horse 
shying,  he  was  dragged  from  the  saddle 
and  fell  directly  beneath  the  wheels  of  the 


FIRES   AND   ACCIDENTS 


23 


runabout.  Two  wheels  passed  over  his 
chest. 

Although  dazed  and  bruised,  Dowling 
jumped  to  his  feet  and  caught  his  horse, 
which  stood  near,  mounted  and  set  off  at  a 
gallop  after  the  Hamilton  rig. 

At  One  Hundred  and  Sixteenth  Street  the 
runaway  swerved  and  the  light  carriage 
was  thrown  against  a  truck.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Hamilton  were  thrown  out  but  escaped 
with  a  few  slight  bruises.  Dowling  had  al- 
most caught  up  when  this  occurred.  He 
halted  long  enough  to  see  that  the  man 
and  woman  were  not  injured  and  then 
started  after  the  running  horse.  Near  One 
Hundred  and  Seventeenth'  Street  he  was 
even  with  the  animal  and  again  leaned  over 
and  wrapped  his  arms  around  the  horse's 
neck.  This  time  his  own  horse  did  its  share 
of  the  work,  and  Bowling's  weight  soon 
told  on  the  runaway,  which  stopped  within 
half  a  block. 

"Just  in  the  day's  work,"  said  Dowling, 
when  he  was  congratulated. 


AUTOMOBILE  COLLISION 

Boston  Herald 

Tossed  into  a  blazing  pool  of  gasoline 
when  two  touring  cars  collided  and  the  gas 
tank  of  one  exploded,  Miss  Alice  Gushing, 
22,  of  Nahant,  and  Percy  Mason  of  765 
Washington  street,  Lynn,  were  probably 
fatally  burned  at  8  o'clock  last  night  on  the 
Nahant  road  at  Little  Nahant. 

Walter  Hanley  of  11  Moore  street, 
Swampscott,  was  hurled  30  feet  with  his 
clothing  a  mass  of  flames,  but  saved  his  own 
life  by  plunging  into  the  surf  and  extin- 
guishing the  fire  about  him.  Ten  other  pas- 
sengers in  the  machines  were  bruised  and 
shaken  up,  but  were  able  to  return  home 
after  medical  attention. 

The  accident  happened  opposite  Wilson 
road,  when  a  seven  passenger  touring  car 
in  which  were  Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  Fred  Farley 
of  Danvers,  their  three  children,  Richard, 
Fred  and  Helen  Farley,  and  Mrs.  Farley's 
mother,  Mrs.  O.  B.  Merton  of  Danvers, 
turned  abruptly  to  one  side  to  go  down 
upon  the  beach.  It  was  struck  from  behind 


by  a  public  touring  car  operated  by  Hanley 
and  containing  six  passengers. 

Hanley's  machine  ploughed  into  the  rear 
of  the  Farley  car,  tearing  a  hole  in  the 
gasoline  tank.  The  lamps  ignited  the  gaso- 
line and  an  explosion  followed  which  sent 
several  gallons  of  burning  fluid  upon  the 
road. 

It  was  into  this  that  Miss  Gushing  and 
Mason  fell  when  they  were  thrown  from 
the  public  machine  by  the  impact.  The 
young  woman  was  made  unconscious  by 
the  fall  and  was  lying  helpless  in  the  centre 
of  the  fire  when  she  was  rescued  with  con- 
siderable difficulty  by  H.  G.  Wilcox  of 
Beverly,  who  was  driving  by  on  the  road. 
He  rolled  her  in  an  automobile  robe  and, 
after  extinguishing  the  flames,  took  her  to 
the  Lynn  Hospital.  There  it  was  said  there 
was  practically  no  chance  of  her  recovery. 
She  was  burned  from  head  to  foot  and  had 
inhaled  much  of  the  flames. 

Mason  was  rescued  by  Dr.  Newton  A. 
Stone  of  Somerville,  a  Cambridge  dentist, 
who  heard  the  explosion  and  saw  the  glare 
of  flames  while  driving  in  his  machine 
farther  down  the  road.  He  put  out  the  fire 
about  Mason  with  auto  robes,  assisted  by 
the  passengers  of  the  public  machine  who 
had  recovered  from  their  shock.  The  dentist 
worked  over  him  while  another  man  drove 
his  machine  to  Union  Hospital,  Lynn. 
Mason's  burns  were  so  severe  that  his 
name  was  immediately  placed  on  the  danger 
list. 

In  the  excitement  which  followed  the 
wreck,  it  was  believed  that  Hanley,  the 
driver  of  the  public  car,  had  been  burned 
alive.  A  half-hour  later,  however,  he  was 
discovered  in  a  cottage  off  Wilson  road. 
His  clothing  was  ignited  by  the  explosion, 
and  he  was  hurled  over  the  road  upon  the 
sand,  his  clothes  a  mass  of  flames. 

He  had  to  run  toward  the  surf,  but  was 
seriously  biu-ned  before  he  could  reach  the 
water,  some  50  yards  away.  After  he  had 
extinguished  the  flames  himself,  he  made 
his  way  to  a  cottage  and  sank  exhausted  on 
the  piazza.  Later  he  was  removed  to  Lynn 
Hospital,  where  it  was  stated  his  bums  were 
serious,  but  probably  would  not  prove 
fatal.  He  was  burned  about  the  face  and 


24 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


upper  part  of  the  body  and  the  flames  had 
entered  his  mouth,  burning  his  tongue  and 
throat. 

Before  the  Nahant  fire  department  could 
reach  the  scene  both  automobiles  were  de- 
stroyed. The  Farley  machine  had  been 
badly  wrecked  by  the  collision  and  the 
public  car  was  telescoped.  In  the  latter 
machine  were  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frank  Hartley 
of  Lynn,  Arthur  Wright  of  Fiske  avenue, 
L3Tin,  and  Leo  Sale  of  Lynn,  besides  those 
who  were  burned.  They  were  all  more  or 
less  bruised. 

The  Farley  party  narrowly  escaped 
being  burned  and  were  cut  and  bruised 
when  they  were  thrown  from  their  seats. 
Mrs.  Farley  told  the  police  that  she  held 
up  her  hand  to  signal  the  other  machine  as 
her  husband  turned  his  auto  toward  the 
beach.  Hanley  was  in  no  condition  to  dis- 
cuss the  accident.  He  is  said  to  have  been 
driving  at  about  18  miles  an  hour. 

Miss  Cushing  lived  on  Willow  road, 
Nahant,  and  was  employed  as  a  waitress 
in  the  Colonial  Caf6,  Nahant.  Mason 
roomed  at  765  Washington  street,  Lynn, 
and  for  many  j'ears  was  a  resident  of  Pea- 
body.  He  was  employed  in  a  Nahant  res- 
taurant. 

Mr.  Farley  is  a  machine  manufacturer  in 
Danvers. 


AUTOMOBILE  AND  CAR 
COLLIDE 

New  York  Tribune 

George  C.  Hurlbut,  the  aged  librarian 
of  the  American  Geological  Society,  and 
his  daughter,  Miss  Ilione  Hurlbut,  were 
seriously  injured  last  night  in  a  collision 
between  the  automobile  in  which  they  were 
riding  and  a  surface  car  in  the  86th  street 
transverse  road  in  Central  Park.  Father 
and  daughter  were  removed  to  the  Presby- 
terian Hospital,  where  it  was  said  that  the 
skull  of  each  was  fractured.  Miss  Hurl- 
but's  right  arm  was  broken.  Both  were 
unconscious  when  they  were  received  at  the 
hospital,  and  it  was  said  they  could  not  re- 
cover. 

Mr.  Hurlbut  lives  at  No.  560  West  End 


avenue  and  is  seventy  years  old.  His 
daughter,  Ilione,  is  thirty-five  years  old  and 
is  his  assistant  in  his  work.  Yesterday 
afternoon  they  engaged  William  Agg,  of 
86th  street  and  Broadway,  to  take  them 
for  a  drive  in  the  Fifth  avenue  section, 
saying  they  would  afterward  have  him 
drop  them  at  No.  106  West  55th  street, 
where  they  intended  to  have  their  Christ- 
mas dinner  with  William  Hurlbut,  a  nephew 
of  Mr.  Hurlbut. 

Agg  started  toward  Fifth  avenue  by 
way  of  the  transverse  road.  Less  than  half 
of  the  distance  to  Fifth  avenue  had  been 
covered  when  he  heard  a  westboimd  car  ap- 
proaching. The  automobile  was  at  that 
moment  opposite  the  Park  Department 
workshops.  Agg  attempted  to  turn  out, 
but  the  slippery  road  and  rails  caused  the 
rear  wheels  of  the  automobile  to  skid.  Both 
the  car  and  the  automobile  were  travelling 
at  a  rapid  rate,  and  the  front  of  the  car 
struck  the  body  of  the  machine,  overturn- 
ing it.  Before  the  motorman  could  bring 
his  car  to  a  stop  the  automobile  had  been 
crumpled  up  like  cardboard,  and  the  aged 
librarian  and  his  daughter  lay  unconscious 
among  the  wreckage.  Agg  had  saved  him- 
self by  jumping  before  the  car  struck  the 
machine. 

The  car  was  crowded,  and  there  was 
intense  excitement  among  the  passengers, 
who  were  shaken  up  and  struck  by  flpng 
glass.  Policeman  Talt  heard  the  noise 
made  by  the  collision  and  immediately 
telephoned  for  an  ambulance.  Before  it 
arrived,  however,  a  passing  automobile  was 
pressed  into  service,  and  the  injiu-ed  man 
and  woman  were  placed  in  it  and  hurried  to 
the  Presbyterian  Hospital. 

Lieutenant  Arnett,  of  the  Arsenal  sta- 
tion, ordered  the  arrest  of  the  motorman  of 
the  car,  James  Gannon,  of  No.  419  Third 
avenue,  and  Agg,  who  Uves  at  No.  160 
Manhattan  avenue. 

Mr.  Hurlbut  has  been  the  librarian  of 
the  American  Geological  Society,  at  No.  15 
West  81st  street,  for  twenty-five  years,  and 
is  considered  the  foremost  authority  on  that 
class  of  work  in  this  country.  He  was  bom 
at  Charleston,  S.  C,  about  seventy  years 
ago,  and  before  he  came  here  was  engaged 


FIRES   AND   ACCIDENTS 


25 


in  geological  study  and  writing  in  San 
Francisco  and  was  president  of  the  Mer- 
cantile Library. 

The  library  of  the  American  Geological 
Society  consists  of  40,000  volumes,  and  is 
second  only  in  completeness  to  the  geo- 
logical library  at  Paris.  Mr.  Hurlbut  is 
also  editor  of  the  monthly  bulletin  which 
the  society  publishes.  George  Greenough, 
the  secretary  of  the  society,  was  greatly 
shocked  by  the  news  of  the  accident  to 
Mr.  Hurlbut  and  his  daughter.  He  said 
last  night  that  the  loss  of  the  hbrarian's 
services,  even  for  a  short  time,  would  be 
an  irreparable  loss  to  science  and  to  the 
society. 

Since  the  death  of  his  wife,  eight  years 
ago,  Mr.  Hurlbut  has  lived  with  his 
daughter,  Ilione.  They  occupied  a  suite  in 
the  building  at  No.  560  West  End  avenue, 
and  Miss  Hurlbut  acted  as  her  father's 
assistant. 

He  has  two  nephews,  William  J.  Hurl- 
but, author  of  the  play  "The  Fighting 
Hope,"  now  at  the  Stuyvesant  Theatre, 
and  Stephen  A.  Hurlbut,  professor  of 
Greek  at  Barnard  College.  Mr.  Hurlbut's 
brother  is  said  to  have  been  the  owner  and 
editor  of  "The  New  York  World"  before  it 
became  the  property  of  Mr.  Pulitzer. 


CHILD  IN  RUNAWAY 

Boston  Advertiser 

NEW  YORK,  Dec.  23.— Walter  Jack- 
son is  a  lucky  baby.  His  parents  admit  that 
he  is  something  more  than  that,  but  take 
it  as  things  go  in  this  world  of  chance,  he's 
lucky. 

A  horse  attached  to  a  delivery  wagon 
was  standing  in  front  of  942  Columbus  ave. 
One  of  the  front  wheels  was  tied  to  a  rear 
wheel.  Jacob  Katz,  the  driver,  was  in  the 
building. 

Along  came  a  fat  boy  with  a  Christmas 
tree  on  his  shoulder  and  longings  ia  his 
heart.  He  stopped  to  look  into  a  shop  win- 
dow and  swung  the  tree  around  sweeping 
the  face  of  the  horse.  The  horse  ran  away. 

When  he  got  to  the  corner  of  87th  st. 
the  horse  took  to  the  sidewalk. 


On  the  sidewalk,  along  with  many  other 
shoppers,  were  Walter  Jackson  and  his 
wife.  Just  ahead  of  them  was  Miss  Rose 
Williams,  and  just  ahead  of  Miss  WiUiams 
was  a  baby  carriage,  and  in  the  baby  car- 
riage'was  another  Walter  Jackson,  three- 
months-old  and  lucky. 

The  first  Walter  Jackson  was  knocked 
down  and  his  face  looks  now  as  if  the  horse 
stepped  on  it.  Mrs.  Jackson  was  knocked 
down  and  the  wagon  ran  over  her.  Miss 
WiUiams  was  knocked  down  also.        .  . 

As  the  rear  wheel  of  the  delivery  wagon 
passed,  it  caught  the  baby  carriage;  the 
baby  stuck,  and  in  another  minute  was 
going  just  as  fast  as  the  delivery  wagon. 
Walter  Jackson  the  second,  stuck  to  his 
carriage  and  incidentally  to  the  delivery 
wagon. 

Half  way  down  the  block  the  wagon 
struck  a  sidewalk  showcase  and  the  crash 
of  glass  further  frightened  the  horse.  He 
plunged  back  to  the  street,  going  through 
a  line  of  Christmas  trees  with  the  wagon 
and  the  baby  carriage. 

Once  through  the  trees,  he  smashed  into 
an  L  pillar  and  there  parted  company  with 
delivery  wagon  and  baby  carriage. 

The  wagon  parted  company  with  itself, 
and  about  all  there  was  left  of  the  baby 
carriage  was  that  very  limited  portion  of 
it  immediately  adjacent  to  Walter  Jack- 
son. 

The  baby  looked  much  mussed  up,  but 
when  Dr.  Monaco  of  the  Polyclinic  Hos- 
pital examined  him  there  wasn't  a  mark 
to  be  found. 


BOY  KILLED  BY  CAR 

San  Francisco  Examiner 

NEW  YORK,  December  17.— "Over 
on  Broadway  there's  a  regular  Santy 
Claus,"  said  10-year-old  Johnny  Nugent 
to  his  chum,  7-year-old  Eddie  Bowler,  as 
school  let  out  on  the  East  Side  this  after- 
noon. "I  never  seen  no  Santy  Claus — 
only  pictures.  Did  you?  Let's  go  over?" 

"They  put  their  books  away,  Johnny  in 
his  home,  Eddie  in  his.  Then  they  trudged, 
skipping  curbs  and  whistling,  across  to  the 


26 


TYPES   OF   NEWS   WRITING 


region  of  a  department  store  at  Broadway 
and  Thirty-fourth  street. 

"I  was  a  kid  last  year,"  said  Johnny. 
"Me  mother  couldn't  let  me  come  here 
and  I  dasn't  go  without  asking." 

They  didn't  have  any  money,  of  course. 
Johnny's  mother  is  a  widow  and  Eddie's 
folks  have  little  to  spare  for  the  children. 
But  an  idea  seized  Johnny;  he  would  start 
earning  money  at  once.  He  went  to  a  news- 
boy, and  the  latter,  with  the  freemasonry  of 
the  streets,  "lent"  him  two  papers  to  sell. 
In  a  moment  he  was  yelhng  "Extry — ^All 
about  the  murder  trial!" 

Eddie  helped  him  to  yell. 

A  customer  beckoned  from  across  the 
street.  Johnny  darted  toward  him  just  in 
front  of  the  Hotel  Martinique.  A  Broad- 
way surface  car  loomed  up  suddenly. 
There  was  a  little  cry,  then  the  forward 
pair  of  wheels  ran  over  the  boy  and  his 
body  became  jammed  in  the  rear  wheels. 

While  a  tremendous  crowd  of  shop- 
pers surrounded  the  car,  some  men — and 
Eddie — crawled  underneath.  The  men 
came  out  with  Johnny's  body.  His  little 
chum  had  his  torn  cap  and  the  two  evening 
papers. 

In  the  police  station,  before  a  group 
of  policemen  who  wept,  Eddie  told  the 
whole  story  while  he  clung  to  the  battered 
relics. 

"Mr.  Lieutenant,"  he  asked  at  the  end, 
"do  you  think  Johnny  will  get  alive 
again?" 

"Maybe  Santa  Claus  will  take  care  of 
him,"  said  Dr.  Gilhooley  gravely,  and  he 
turned  quickly  away. 


SUBWAY  ACCIDENT 

New  York  Times 

Seven  persons  were  killed  and  eighty- 
five  injured  shortly  before  8  o'clock  yes- 
terday morning  when  a  blast  of  djmamite 
in  the  excavation  for  the  new  Seventh 
Avenue  subway  carried  away  all  the  plank 
thoroughfare  between  Twenty-third  and 
Twenty-fifth  Streets,  sweeping  down  into 
the  great  hole  a  crowded  trolley  car  and 
a  brewery  automobile  truck. 


That  the  toll  of  dead  and  injured  was 
not  many  times  greater  was  due  to  the  fact 
that  the  supports  of  the  subway  structure 
gave  way  slowly,  affording  an  opportunity 
for  hundreds  of  persons  who  were  on  their 
way  to  work  to  scurry  to  side  streets  and 
to  the  walks  which  were  at  the  sides  of  the 
excavation.  Most  of  those  injured  were  in 
the  Seventh  Avenue  trolley  car,  which  was 
of  the  closed  type  and  was  north-bound. 
When  the  tracks  sagged  the  car  slid  into 
the  hole.  It  crumpled  like  pasteboard 
when  it  struck  the  tangle  of  iron,  wood, 
and  rock  in  the  bottom  of  the  excavation. 
Two  of  the  persons  killed  were  passengers 
in  the  car.  All  the  others  were  laborers  in 
the  tunnel  caught  beneath  the  WTeckage. 

Within  an  hour  after  the  accident  hap- 
pened seven  independent  investigations 
to  place  the  blame  were  under  way.  These 
inquiries  were  started  by  District  Attor- 
ney Perkins,  the  Fire  Department,  the 
Public  Service  Commission,  Coroner  Fein- 
berg,  the  contracting  company,  the  State 
Industrial  Commission,  and  the  Street 
Railway  Company. 

The  investigators  said  that  before  the 
responsibility  could  be  determined  posi- 
tively they  would  need  the  testimony  of 
August  Midnight.  Midnight  is  the  licensed 
blaster  who  set  the  dynamite  charge.  He 
was  seen  after  the  accident,  but  disappeared, 
and  up  to  a  late  hour  last  night  had  not  been 
found.  The  police  sent  out  a  general  alarm 
for  his  arrest. 

According  to  Policeman  Daniel  O'Shay 
of  the  West  Twentieth  Street  Station,  who 
was  standing  at  Twenty-fourth  Street  and 
Seventh  Avenue,  it  was  about  7:50  o'clock 
when  he  heard  the  explosion,  which  was 
followed  by  a  sudden  rising  and  then  a 
sagging  of  the  temporary  roadway  in 
Seventh  Avenue.  A  few  seconds  later  the 
structure  gave  way  and  with  a  crash  set- 
tled down  into  the  big  hole.  The  street 
car  was  directly  in  front  of  O'Shay,  and 
he  saw  it  drop  with  the  crumbling  road- 
way, and  heard  the  cries  of  the  terror- 
stricken  passengers. 

O'Shay  instantly  ran  to  a  fire  box  and 
turned  in  an  alarm,  after  which  he  no- 
tified Police  Headquarters  by  telephone. 


FIRES   AND   ACCIDENTS 


27 


When  he  got  back  to  the  accident  to  do 
his  part  in  the  work  of  rescue,  the  scene 
down  deep  in  the  excavation  w^as  appaUing. 

AH  that  was  left  of  the  car,  it  appeared, 
was  the  roof  and  the  steel  trucks.  The 
passengers  inside,  flung  together  in  a  con- 
fused mass,  were  screaming  and  struggling. 
On  top  of  the  debris,  not  far  from  the  Twen- 
ty-fourth Street  side  of  the  wreckage,  was 
the  body  of  a  stout,  well-dressed  woman. 
Persons  on  the  sidewalk  more  than  thirty 
feet  above  her  saw  that  she  was  injured 
terribly.  She  was  still  alive  when  taken 
from  the  excavation,  but  died  in  a  few 
minutes.  The  body  was  identified  as  that 
of  Mrs.  Martha  V.  Newton,  67  years  old, 
of  243  Waverly  Place. 

Fire  ladders  were  let  down  into  the  hole, 
and  firemen  and  policemen,  reckless  of 
danger  to  themselves,  scrambled  over  the 
debris  to  rescue  the  injured  and  recover 
the  dead.  Mrs.  Newton  was  one  of  the 
first  of  those  carried  up  the  ladders  to  the 
sidewalk  and  into  the  National  Cloak  and 
Suit  Company,  where  she  died.  This  com- 
pany, which  operates  a  model  welfare  de- 
partment for  the  benefit  of  its  4,100  em- 
ployes, has  an  up-to-date  hospital  connected 
with  its  plant,  and  to  this  infirmary  scores 
of  the  injured  were  taken  to  have  their 
wounds  dressed. 

Ambulances  from  all  parts  of  the  city 
were  called,  and  soon  there  was  a  force  of 
thirty  surgeons  and  as  many  more  nurses 
at  work.  Several  hundred  emergency  men 
employed  by  the  contractors  were  hurried 
into  the  excavation  to  facilitate  the  res- 
cue. Mayor  Mitchel,  Chairman  McCall 
of  the  Public  Service  Commission,  Police 
Commissioner  Woods,  District  Attorney 
Perkins,  and  other  city  and  county  officials 
arrived  early  and  witnessed  the  removal  of 
some  of  the  injured  and  the  dead. 

The  rescuers  found  many  wounded  peo- 
ple and  one  dead  man  in  the  wreckage  of 
the  street  car.  The  dead  man  was  Louis 
Krugman,  a  garment  worker,  of  308  East 
Eighth  Street.  Another  of  those  in  the 
car  died  soon  after  being  removed  from 
the  wreckage.  The  worst  injured  were 
taken  into  the  emergency  hospital  of  the 
Suit  Company,  while  others  were  treated 


in  the  streets  by  ambulance  doctors  and 
sent  to  their  homes. 

Two  priests  from  St.  Colomba's  Catho- 
lic Church,  Fathers  Rogers  and  Higgins, 
descended  into  the  excavation  and  aided 
the  rescuers.  William  Dennison,  the  sub- 
way engineer  who  was  taken  to  St.  Vin- 
cent's Hospital  and  was  expected  to  die, 
was  found  with  a  girder  across  his  chest, 
but  was  conscious,  and  Father  Higgins 
anointed  him  before  he  was  carried  away. 
WTien  a  stimulant  was  offered  to  Denni- 
son to  alleviate  his  suffering,  he  refused, 
saying  he  did  not  drink. 

The  stifling  odor  of  gas  from  broken 
mains  hampered  the  rescuers.  The  De- 
partment of  Water  Supply,  Gas  and  Elec- 
tricity had  employes  at  the  cavity  in  eight 
minutes  after  the  accident.  They  found 
that  one  twenty-four-inch  high  pressure  fire 
main  and  several  six-inch  water  mains  had 
been  broken,  and  that  the  water  was  rising 
in  the  excavation.  Within  half  an  hour 
they  had  all  the  high  pressure  mains  closed, 
and  thirty  minutes  later  arrangements 
had  been  made  through  adjoining  mains 
so  that  the  high  pressure  S5^stem  was 
ready  for  use.  The  smaller  mains  were 
shut  off  by  the  subway  contractors,  and 
temporary  services  were  installed  to  meet 
the  needs  of  the  residents  of  the  block. 

Through  the  fortunate  presence  at  Sev- 
enth Avenue  and  Twenty-third  Street  of  a 
patrolman  for  the  Consolidated  Gas  Com- 
pany, the  gas  was  shut  off  soon.  Two 
mains  had  been  broken;  but  on  account  of 
the  experience  in  the  construction  of  the 
Boston  subway,  when  men  were  asphyx- 
iated by  escaping  gas  in  a  similar  accident, 
the  gas  mains  are  laid  along  the  curb  in 
all  the  present  construction  in  New  York; 
so  that  while  a  considerable  amount  of  gas 
escaped  on  the  street  it  did  no  damage. 

Fire  Chief  Kenlon  directed  much  of  the 
rescue  work,  and  fifty  additional  firemen 
without  apparatus  were  called  out  as  soon 
as  the  nature  of  the  emergency  was  known. 
Forty-four  alarm  boxes  were  put  out  of 
commission  by  the  breaking  of  wires  when 
the  street  went  down,  but  service  was  re- 
stored with  overhead  wires  an  hour  later. 
Immediately  after  the  arrival  of  Acting 


28 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


Chief  Inspector  Dillon,  who  directed  the 
police  reserves,  called  from  all  parts  of 
Manhattan  and  the  Bronx,  tenants  were 
ordered  to  quit  the  houses  in  Seventh 
Avenue  from  Twenty-third  to  Twenty- . 
fifth  Streets  until  the  authorities  decided 
whether  it  was  safe  for  them  to  return.  At 
7  o'clock  at  night  they  were  permitted  to 
return  to  their  homes. 

Acting  Police  Inspector  Joseph  Conroy, 
in  conjunction  with  officials  of  the  con- 
struction company,  sent  policemen  at 
night  throughout  the  five  boroughs  to  the 
homes  of  200  employes  on  the  company's 
payroll.  All  of  the  men  were  accounted  for 
except  two — J.  X.  Zavina  of  300  Avenue 
A  and  John  McCormick  of  317  Bowery. 
McCormick  had  been  reported  dead  earlier 
in  the  day.  At  the  address  given  for  Za- 
vina it  was  said  that  no  man  of  that  name 
lived  there. 

The  Seventh  Avenue  car  service  was 
suspended  south  of  Thirty-second  Street, 
and  it  will  be  at  least  a  week,  it  is  said, 
before  service  is  resumed  below  that  point. 
The  thousands  of  spectators  who  crowded 
as  near  the  great  cavity  as  they  could  dur- 
ing the  morning  and  gave  the  police  re- 
serves a  hard  task  at  the  danger  zone  ropes, 
became  alarmed  when  it  was  reported  that 
dynamite  was  still  beneath  the  fallen  struc- 
ture and  that  more  explosions  might  fol- 
low. Twelve  sticks  of  unexploded  dynamite 
were  carried  up  at  one  time,  and  the  fire- 
men took  charge  of  it. 

The  engineers  later  said  that  there  was 
no  more  dynamite  in  the  cavity,  and  that 
the  twelve  sticks  had  been  carried  down 
early  in  the  morning  by  a  powder  man 
who  was  to  explode  them  in  small  blasts 
after  the  big  explosion  at  8  o'clock.  The 
rules  were  strict  regarding  the  handling 
of  dynamite,  the  company  officials  said, 
and  they  were  sure  that  there  was  no  fur- 
ther danger  to  the  lives  of  the  rescuers 
after  the  twelve  sticks  had  been  taken  out. 
Colonel  William  Hayward  of  the  Public 
Service  Commission  stood  at  the  edge  of 
the  great  hole  and  pointed  to  the  crum- 
pled wooden  car. 

"Look  at  that  car,"  he  said.    "That's 
what  we  ought  to  investigate,  for  before 


you  is  a  picture  of  what  is  going  to  happen 
when  one  of  the  old  wooden  cars  on  the 
elevated  takes  a  jump  to  the  street.  I 
fought  against  those  old  cars  going  on  the 
elevated,  but  I  was  voted  down.  I  will 
always  fight  them  or  any  other  sort  of 
wooden  cars  for  New  York  traffic. 

"If  that  car  down  there  had  been  a  steel 
car  I  do  not  believe  a  person  would  have 
been  hurt.  At  least  the  passengers  would 
not  have  been  crushed." 

The  contract  for  the  subway  work 
affected  by  the  accident  was  awarded  ori- 
ginally to  Canavan  Brothers,  but  was 
taken  over  by  the  United  States  Realty 
and  Improvement  Company  on  Dec.  31, 
1913.  The  price  was  fixed  at  $2,401,306.75. 
The  job  was  75  per  cent,  completed  yes- 
terday morning.  The  part  is  designated 
officially  as  Section  5,  Route  4  and  38  and 
extends  from  midway  between  Sixteenth 
and  Seventeenth  Streets  to  midway  be- 
tween Thirtieth  and  Thirty-first  Streets. 

The  company  also  has  a  contract  for 
the  section  from  Commerce  to  Sixteenth 
Street,  and  for  Section  2  of  the  Broadway 
subway  from  Twenty-sixth  to  Twenty- 
eighth  Street,  The  total  amount  of  all  sub- 
way contracts  held  by  the  company  is 
$6,996,037.75,  of  which  40  per  cent,  has 
been  paid.  The  contractors  are  under  a 
$75,000  bond  for  the  completion  of  the 
construction  and  15  per  cent,  of  the  pay- 
ment will  be  withheld  until  the  work  is 
accepted. 

The  contractors  are  liable  under  the 
provisions  of  the  workmen's  compensation 
law  for  death  and  injury  of  employes.  The 
company  is  insured,  according  to  oflBcials, 
against  losses  by  other  accidents. 

The  United  States  Realty  and  Improve- 
ment Company  has  enormous  assets.  Its 
capital  is  $30,000,000.  Among  the  realty 
properties  listed  in  its  name  are  the  Flat- 
iron  Building,  Broadway  and  Fifth  Ave- 
nue; 17  Battery  Place,  85  and  87  Beaver 
Street,  96  and  98  Mercer  Street,  67  and  69 
Wall  Street,  91  and  93  Wall  Street,  123- 
27  West  Twentieth  Street,  124-28  West 
Twentieth  Street,  112  West  Twenty-first 
Street,  118  West  Twenty-first  Street,  122- 
26  West  Twenty-first  Street,  41-45  East 


FIRES  AND  ACCIDENTS 


29 


Twenty-second  Street,  128-32  West  Thir- 
tieth Street,  202-08  West  Thirty-seventh 
Street,  111-19  Broadway,  304-12  Fourth 
Avenue,  400  Fifth  Avenue,  494-98  Seventh 
Avenue. 

Following  are  the  officials  of  the  com- 
pany which  faces  enormous  damage  suits 
for  the  accident:  President,  Wilson  S. 
Kinnear;  Secretary,  Richard  G.  Babbage; 
Treasurer,  BjTon  M.  Fellows;  Directors — 
Harry  S.  Black,  Chairman;  R.  G.  Bab- 
bage, Frank  A.  Vanderlip,  John  F.  Harris, 
William  A.  Poillon,  John  D.  Crimmins, 
P.  A.  Valentine,  Harry  Bronner,  William 

A.  Merriman,  W.  S.  Kinnear,  C.  E.  Her- 
mann, F.  W.  Upham,  Franklin  Murphy, 
and  B.  M.  Fellows.  The  main  offices  are 
at  111  Broadway. 

The  Superintendent  is  E.  A.  Little. 
C.  H.  Stengle  is  chief  engineer.  S.  S.  Jones 
is  in  charge  of  the  construction  work  which 
collapsed.     The    surpervising    engineer    is 

B.  C.  Collier,  and  the  engineer  immedi- 
ately in  charge  of  the  division  which  caved 
in  is  H.  R.  Jacobson. 

Supervising  the  work  for  the  Public 
Service  Commission  are  Alfred  Craven, 
chief  engineer  for  the  commission;  Robert 
Ridgeway,  supervising  engineer  in  charge 
of  subway  construction;  Andrew  Veitch,  in 
charge  of  the  section,  and  Stephen  Koron- 
ski,  immediately  in  charge  of  the  division 
that  caved  in. 


RUN  DOWN  BY  TRAIN 

Boston  Traveler 

In  a  race  with  an  express  train  over 
Lyman's  bridge  on  the  Southern  division 
of  the  Boston  &  Maine  railroad  at  Wal- 
tham,  Gerald  Ross,  15-year-old  son  of 
Herbert  Ross  of  95  Carroll  street,  Wal- 
tham,  was  overtaken  and  instantly  killed 
yesterday.  A  companion,  Kenneth  Harri- 
son, 11  years  old,  of  145  Fourth  street,  was 
struck  by  a  cylinder  of  the  engine  and  suf- 
fered a  broken  arm.  His  brother,  Norman 
Harrison,  14  years  old,  escaped  uninjured. 

The  boys  stood  in  the  middle  of  the 
single  track  on  Lyman's  bridge,  a  long 
trestle  over  which  trains  cross  a  small 


stream.  They  were  watching  a  group  of 
their  friends  sporting  in  Lyman's  pond, 
and  did  not  notice  the  approach  of  the  4 
o'clock  express  from  Boston. 

The  locomotive's  warning  whistle  star- 
tled them  as  the  train  rounded  a  bend  100 
yards  away.  The  bridge  was  too  narrow 
for  the  boys  to  remain  on  it  safely  while 
the  train  passed.  To  cling  to  the  girders 
and  hang  suspended  over  the  rocky  bed 
of  the  stream  25  feet  below  while  the  ex- 
press shook  the  trestle  was  hazardous.  As 
the  locomotive  bore  down  upon  them  the 
three  boys  started  to  race  toward  the  end 
of  the  bridge. 

The  engineer  shut  off  steam,  but  the  loco- 
motive continued  to  gain  on  the  fleeing 
trio,  the  whistle  shrieking  the  warning  to 
the  boys  to  jump  from  the  trestle. 

Norman  Harrison  realized  his  danger 
and  leaped  to  the  ground,  12  feet  below. 
Kenneth  turned  to  the  side  of  the  track 
and  was  about  to  jump  when  the  engine 
hit  his  arm  and  threw  him  from  the  trestle. 
Gerald  Ross  raced  on  between  the  rails, 
hoping  to  reach  the  end  of  the  bridge.  The 
engine  struck  him  and  he  died  instantly. 

Ross  would  have  entered  the  Waltham 
high  school  as  a  freshman  this  morning. 

A  police  ambulance  carried  Kenneth 
Harrison  to  the  Waltham  Hospital.  Nor- 
man Harrison  escaped  with  bruises. 


TRAIN  DERAILED 

Milwaukee  Journal 

Two  hundred  people  narrowly  escaped 
death  or  serious  injury  early  Monday 
when  the  engine  on  passenger  train  No. 
13,  on  the  Fond  du  Lac  division  of  the 
Chicago  and  Northwestern  road,  due  in 
Milwaukee  at  12: 10  a.  m.,  going  over  forty 
miles  an  hour,  jumped  the  track  two  miles 
north  of  Lake  Shore  Junction. 

The  tire  on  one  of  the  rear  drive-wheels 
came  off,  throwing  the  locomotive  from 
the  track.  It  tore  along  for  over  150  yards, 
across  a  trestle,  and  just  as  the  nose  of 
the  engine  turned  down  the  fifteen-foot 
embankment.  Engineer  Frank  Purcell 
brought  the  train  to  a  stop. 


30 


TYPES   OF   NEWS   WRITING 


The  train  was  over  a  half  hour  late  and 
was  pounding  hard  to  make  up  time.  But 
few  of  the  people  knew  of  their  danger,  the 
rattle  of  stone  and  gravel  against  the  cars 
being  the  only  sign  that  something  was 
wrong. 

Some  of  the  passengers  dared  the  biting 
cold  and  walked  to  the  end  of  the  car  line, 
four  miles  away,  but  most  of  them  re- 
mained to  be  brought  into  the  city  at  4 
a.  m.  by  a  relief  train. 

The  train  blocked  traffic  on  the  Fond  du 
Lac  division  until  a  late  hour  Monday. 
Several  trains  were  held  up,  both  north 
and  south  bound.  The  wrecker,  which  did 
not  get  out  until  4  a.  m.,  took  over  two 
hours  to  get  the  engine  on  the  rails  and 
bring  the  train  into  town. 

Hurrying  to  Milwaukee  to  the  bedside 
of  Mrs.  Grant  Gilson,  3307  Western-av, 
were  her  husband  and  her  mother,  Mrs.  W. 
Gilson.  When  the  train  was  wrecked,  the 
two  were  made  nearly  frantic  by  the  in- 
formation that  it  would  be  two  hours  or 
more  before  a  relief  train  would  arrive. 
With  a  few  others,  they  tramped,  unmind- 
ful of  the  stinging  cold,  to  Lake  Shore 
Junction,  thinking  they  could  make  street 
car  connections  there.  By  good  luck  they 
caught  a  southboimd  freight  on  the  Lake 
Shore  division. 


FATAL  RAILROAD  WRECK 
Milwaukee  Sentinel 

JERSEY  CITY,  N.  J.,  Nov.  6.— Four 
were  killed  and  over  200  were  injured  in 
the  wreck  of  a  Philadelphia  local  on  the 
Pennsylvania  railway,  which  ran  through 
an  open  switch  at  Brunswick  street  junc- 
tion, crashed  into  a  dead  j'ard  engine  and 
piled  up  four  cars  in  a  heap  of  tangled 
wreckage  on  Saturday. 

Every  ambulance,  police  patrol  and  fire 
wagon  available  has  been  utilized  to  re- 
move the  injured,  many  of  whom  are  seri- 
ously hurt.  The  WTCck  took  place  on  the 
elevated  structure  upon  which  the  Penn- 
sylvania enters  Jersey  City,  and  the  fire 
department  was  needed  to  get  the  injured 


to  the  street  level  that  they  might  be  hur- 
ried to  the  hospitals. 

The  following  are  the  dead: 

JOHN  MONROE,  Perth  Amboy,  engi- 
neer. 

JOHN  M'CLURE,  Newark,  N.  J.,  fire- 
man. 

JOHN  SPILLE,  Trenton,  N.  J.,  engi- 
neer. 

STENCIO  DIOGOSIE,  Jersey  City, 
track  walker. 

The  list  of  injured,  made  at  the  various 
hospitals,  follows: 

Max  Donelson,  42  years  old.  New  York, 
bruised  about  body;  unidentified  man,  suf- 
fering from  shock,  probable  internal  in- 
jury; F.  H.  Clark,  Metuchen,  N.  J.,  cut 
about  face  and  head;  George  E.  Siddell, 
30  years  old,  Elizabeth,  N.  J.;  Miss  A.  P. 
Rook,  24  years  old,  Elizabeth;  A.  C.  Alli- 
son, 29  years  old.  New  York;  George  L. 
Tench,  35  years  old,  Newark;  W.  E.  Wing, 
27  years  old,  Allendale,  N.  J. 

Fireman  Daniel  Meade,  Newark,  of  the 
light  engine,  jumped  as  the  trains  came 
together  and  was  unhurt.  The  police,  on 
investigation,  found  a  broken  rail  on  track 
No.  3  at  the  scene  of  the  accident,  and 
agreed  that  this  was  the  cause  of  the  wTeck. 

Towerman  Williamson,  who  had  been 
arrested,  charged  with  tlirowing  the  switch 
and  bringing  the  train  and  engine  together, 
was  at  once  discharged. 

The  train  left  Philadelphia  at  7:58  Sat- 
urday morning  and  was  filled  with  com- 
muters going  to  their  work. 

Engineer  Monroe  of  the  passenger  train 
was  running  at  a  good  rate  of  speed  to 
make  up  time,  and  neither  he  nor  his  fire- 
man had  a  chance  to  jump  and  save  them- 
selves. 

The  engine  of  the  passenger  train  top- 
pled over,  part  of  it  lying  across  the  trestle 
work,  in  imminent  danger  of  crashing  to 
the  street. 

A  passing  policeman,  hearing  the  crash, 
turned  in  the  alarm,  and  the  reserves  and 
all  ambulances  possible  were  soon  at  hand, 
extricating  the  injured,  which  was  a  difficult 
task.  Most  of  them  were  pinned  dowoi  by 
the  wreckage. 

In  the  mail  car,  which  was  directly  be- 


FIRES   AND   ACCIDENTS 


31 


hind  the  engine,  was  more  than  $1,000,000 
in  specie,  which  was  being  transferred  to 
New  York  by  the  Adams  Express  com- 
pany. A  special  guard  was  hurriedly  placed 
around  this  car. 

When  the  wreck  occurred,  the  Jersey 
City  station  was  crowded  with  men  and 
women  about  to  leave  for  Princeton  for 
the  Princeton-Dartmouth  football  game. 
This  crowd  was  thrown  into  great  confu- 
sion until  the  officials  informed  them  that 
they  might  proceed  to  their  destination 
via  the  Jersey  Central  railroad,  the  Penn- 
sylvania tracks  being  blocked. 

At  the  hospitals  it  was  reported  that 
none  of  those  taken  there  were  seriously 
hurt,  and  that  all  would  recover.  The 
bodies  of  the  dead  have  been  taken  to 
Hughes'  morgue.  The  officials  of  the  road 
are  investigating  the  cause  of  the  wreck. 

That  a  hundred  were  not  killed  was  due 
to  the  equipment  of  the  cars.  They  were 
of  steel,  with  steel  beams  and  concrete 
flooring  into  which  the  seat  frames  were 
set.  When  the  cars  toppled  over,  there 
was  no  splintering  of  wood,  and  when  the 
windows  were  shattered,  the  glass  flew 
outward.  Nearly  all  of  the  injured,  as 
soon  as  their  hurts  were  attended  to,  left 
the  hospitals  and  resumed  their  journey 
without  giving  their  names. 


FATAL  RAILROAD  COLLISION 

Milwaukee  News 

New  York,  Dec.  31. — Spencer  Trask,  one 
of  the  leading  financiers  of  the  United 
States,  was  kUled  today  by  a  freight  train 
running  into  the  rear  of  the  New  York 
Central  passenger  train  on  which  he  occu- 
pied the  drawing  room  section  at  the  rear 
end  of  the  last  car. 

The  accident  occurred  near  Croton, 
N.  Y.  One  other  passenger  was  seriously 
injured,  and  the  negro  porter  of  the  sleep- 
ing car  was  also  badly  hurt.      mI  ;      ^s- 

Mr.  Trask,  who  was  coming  into  the 
city  from  his  home  at  Saratoga,  was  dress- 
ing in  his  compartment  when  the  freight 
train  plowed  into  the  heavy  passenger 
train,  which  is  known  as  the  Montreal  ' 


Express.  When  his  torn  body  was  re- 
moved from  the  wreckage,  it  was  found 
that  he  had  only  partly  dressed  himself. 

The  express  had  been  stopped  by  a 
block  signal,  and  why  the  freight  behind 
it  was  not  stopped  has  not  been  explained. 
The  freight  struck  with  such  force  as  to 
demolish  the  rear  end  of  the  last  sleeper, 
telescoping  the  front  end  with  the  sleeper 
ahead. 

Many  of  the  occupants  of  the  five 
sleepers  had  not  fully  dressed,  and  they 
were  precipitated,  half  clad,  into  snow 
banks,  with  the  temperature  far  below  the 
freezing  point. 

Wrecking  and  relief  trains  were  dis- 
patched from  the  Harlem  yards  of  the  New 
York  Central,  and  officials  of  the  company 
hurried  to  the  scene.  Mr.  Trask's  body 
was  removed  to  the  Croton  morgue,  and 
the  injured  passenger  and  porter  were 
cared  for  by  the  local  doctors.  The  pas- 
senger was  unable  to  tell  his  name. 

Those  injured  were  for  the  most  part 
in  the  smoking  compartment  at  the  ex- 
treme rear  of  the  sleeper,  where  a  group  of 
passengers  were  gathered  as  the  train  pro- 
ceeded down  the  river.  Mr.  Trask  was  on 
his  way  to  this  city  from  his  home  in  Sara- 
toga. Engineer  Flanagan  of  the  freight 
train  stuck  by  his  locomotive,  but  escaped 
serious  injury. 

Failure  of  a  brakeman  to  walk  far 
enough  to  the  rear  of  the  stalled  Montreal 
train  to  flag  the  freight  in  time,  is  said  to 
have  caused  the  smashup. 

The  news  of  the  banker's  death  had  no 
effect  on  the  stock  exchange,  where  prices 
were  slightly  above  the  close  last  night. 

Spencer  Trask,  who  was  born  here  in 
1844,  entered  the  banking  business  im- 
mediately on  his  graduation  from  Prince- 
ton. His  financial  acumen  was  quickly 
recognized,  and  he  soon  became  a  power 
in  the  banking  world. 

Mr.  Trask  was  among  the  first  to  recog- 
nize the  genius  of  Thomas  A.  Edison,  and 
identified  himself  with  the  Edison  electric 
enterprises.  The  banker  was  a  director  in 
many  railroads  and  realty  companies  and 
was  deeply  interested  in  educational  and 
philanthropic  societies.   Several  years  ago 


32 


TYPES   OF   NEWS  WRITING 


he  bought  and  reorganized  The  New  York 
Times.  He  was  president  of  the  National 
Arts  club  and  a  member  of  numerous  other 
prominent  New  York  clubs.  Mr.  Trask 
was  married  in  1874  to  Miss  Katrina 
Nichols. 


Note  —  The  following  two  stories  should  be 
compared  as  reports  of  the  same  accident  given 
in  two  New  York  morning  papers. 

DIVERS  DIE   IN   SHIP'S   HOLD 

(1) 
New  York  Tribune 

Death  followed  triumphant  achievement 
with  terrible  swiftness  for  three  men  yes- 
terday, when  they  were  smothered  in  the 
hold  of  the  steamship  H.  M.  Whitney,  of 
the  Metropolitan  outside  line  to  Boston, 
which  they  had  helped  to  raise  only  a  few 
hours  before  after  a  month  of  hard  work  in 
the  raging  currents  of  Hell  Gate. 

One,  a  diver,  went  down  into  the  hold  to 
see  if  a  patch  he  had  put  on  the  wrecked 
bottom  from  the  outside  was  holding  well. 
He  died,  it  is  supposed,  as  the  poisonous 
gases  rose  about  him,  and  two  more,  going 
after  him  to  see  why  he  did  not  return, 
met  the  same  fate. 

It  was  not  until  three  men  lay  dead  in 
the  fetid  hold,  suffocated  by  the  gases  that 
the  cargo  of  hides,  beer  and  perhaps  half  a 
hundred  other  things  gave  off,  that  a  glim- 
mering of  reason  seemed  to  come  to  those 
in  charge  of  the  work.  Then  the  needless 
sacrifice  of  more  lives  was  prevented. 
Some  one  took  charge,  and  men  equipped 
with  divers'  helmets  rescued  two  more  men 
who  had  gone  down  for  their  comrades,  and 
brought  up  the  bodies  of  the  dead. 

Augustus  Bjorklund  was  the  diver  who 
brought  about  the  fatal  ending  of  the  day's 
work.  No  one  knows  just  why  he  went 
down  into  the  hold,  warned  as  he  had  been 
to  beware  of  the  poisonous  gases  that  al- 
ways accumulate  when  a  vessel  has  lain 
long  in  the  water,  but  the  oflBcials  of  the 
Merritt-Chapman  Wrecking  Company  sup- 
pose that  he  wanted  to  see  his  work  from 
inside. 


Reports  of  what  happened  next  on  the 
Whitney  were  vague.  While  the  men  were 
going  down  and  dying,  no  one  seemed  to 
know  anything.  There  was  no  panic ;  there 
was  no  excitement.  Michael  Menus,  one 
of  the  wrecking  crew,  apparently  followed 
Bjorklund  to  see  if  anything  was  wrong, 
and  died  as  he  reached  the  bottom  of  the 
hold,  falling  unconscious  from  the  ladder 
he  descended.  Then  Herman  Fabricius 
went  down,  and  he,  too,  died  almost  at 
once. 

John  Hanson  was  the  next  man  to  go 
down,  with  a  rope  and  some  caution  this 
time,  for  it  was  beginning  to  be  realized 
that  something  was  amiss.  Hanson  came 
back  alive,  but  unconscious.  Captain  Kiv- 
lin  having  realized  that  a  disaster  had  come 
upon  the  ship,  divers  went  down  and 
saved  Hanson's  life,  bringing  up  the  bodies 
of  the  three  dead  men  besides. 

That  account  of  the  tragedy  is  as  much 
as  could  be  gleaned  with  any  certainty 
yesterday.  It  was  hard  enough  to  get 
aboard  the  Whitney  at  all,  and  no  one  there 
seemed  to  know  much.  The  coroner's 
office  made  a  brief  investigation  yesterday 
afternoon,  and  the  bodies  were  removed  to 
an  undertaking  establishment  in  West  24th 
street.  The  police  found  out  little  more 
than  the  casual  spectators  who  thronged 
the  pier. 

The  H.  M.  Whitney  went  aground  in 
Hell  Gate  on  Middle  Four  Reef  just  a 
month  ago  yesterday,  and  in  the  early 
morning  she  was  floated  after  long  and 
hard  efforts.  It  had  been  a  hard  job,  and 
those  who  had  accomplished  it  were  more 
than  happy.  The  ship  had  been  brought 
down  to  East  102d  street,  and  about  all 
the  work  that  was  being  done  was  to  keep 
the  pumps  working.  The  lighters  with  the 
huge  derricks  lay  alongside,  and  when  the 
tragedy  occurred  many  of  the  men  in  charge 
of  the  work  were  at  luncheon. 

None  of  the  men  who  died  had  orders  to 
go  down  into  the  hold.  This  was  dwelt  on 
with  much  emphasis  by  the  officials  of  the 
wrecking  company.  Captain  Kivlin,  who 
was  in  charge  of  the  work,  was  arrested 
and  taken  to  the  Harlem  court,  where 
Magistrate  Herrman  refused  to  do  more 


FIRES   AND   ACCIDENTS 


33 


than  remand  him  to  the  coroner.  Appar- 
ently no  one  in  charge  of  the  work  could 
have  foreseen  the  accident  and  no  one 
could  be  held  responsible. 

Both  Bjorklund  and  Fabricius  lived  at 
Stapleton,  Staten  Island,  and  Menus  lived 
at  1  Atlantic  avenue,  Brooklyn.  Supt. 
KivlLn  said  that  Bjorklimd  was  one  of  the 
most  experienced  divers  in  the  company's 
employ  and  he  couldn't  understand  how 
the  man  happened  to  venture  into  the  ga»- 
ridden  hold  without  testing  it  for  the  poi- 
sonous vapors.  "With  such  a  mixed  cargo 
as  the  Whitney  is  carrying  submerged  for 
thirty-one  days,  it  was  certain  to  be  almost 
fatal  for  any  one  to  go  into  the  hold  until 
it  had  been  thoroughly  ventilated,"  he 
said.  "He  should  have  taken  the  precau- 
tion to  drop  down  a  lantern  before  he  went 
down  himself." 

Capt.  Hone  of  the  Henry  M.  Whitney 
said  yesterday  that  the  damage  to  the 
steamer  can  be  repaired  very  quickly  when 
she  gets  into  drydock.  As  a  result  of  his 
steamer's  misfortune  the  Government  has 
decided  to  put  a  bell  buoy  on  the  reef. 

The  pilots  of  the  Sound  steamers 
breathed  easier  yesterday  afternoon  when 
they  approached  Hell  Gate  and  found  the 
steamer  out  of  the  channel.  The  larger 
vessels,  especially  the  Fall  River  Line 
steamers,  have  had  a  tight  squeeze  some- 
times, and  in  foggy  weather  it  was  exceed- 
ingly dangerous  to  attempt  the  passage. 

(2) 
New  York  Sun 

Nobody  was  hurt  when  the  steamboat 
H.  M.  Whitney  went  on  Nigger  Point  reef. 
Hell  Gate,  in  a  fog  a  month  ago,  but  three 
men  were  killed  on  her  yesterday  an  hour 
after  she  had  been  raised.  She  had  been 
pumped  out  by  the  Merritt-Chapman 
Wrecking  Company  and  floated  over  to 
the  foot  of  East  102  street.  Three  of  the 
wrecking  crew  went  down  the  forward 
hatchway  into  the  hold,  were  overcome  by 
carbonic  acid  fumes  and  were  taken  out 
dead. 

One  was  August  Bjorklund,  a  veteran 
diver,  who  had  patched  up  one  of  the  big 


holes  in  the  side  of  the  steamer.  He  took 
with  him  Herman  Fabricius,  a  blacksmith, 
and  Michael  Menus,  a  laborer.  Supt. 
Thomas  Kivlin,  in  charge  of  the  wreckers, 
and  Capt.  George  Hone  of  the  Henry  M. 
Whitney  had  warned  all  the  wreckers  and 
members  of  the  crew  that  it  would  be  un- 
safe to  venture  into  the  hold  until  the  air 
had  been  purified. 

The  Whitney's  cargo  consisted  mainly 
of  green  hides,  miscellaneous  freight  made 
up  largely  of  rubber,  resin  and  molasses, 
and  a  quantity  of  coal.  Some  500  tons  had 
been  taken  out  and  yesterday  1,800  tons 
remained.  The  divers  had  patched  the 
hole  in  the  boat's  bottom,  and  yesterday 
morning,  having  pumped  her  out,  the 
wreckers  got  two  immense  chains  under  the 
bow  and  stern  of  the  Whitney,  and  she 
was  lifted  almost  out  of  the  water  by  four 
powerful  floating  derricks.  Shortly  before 
noon  the  derricks  headed  for  the  Manhat- 
tan shore  and  an  hour  later  the  freighter 
was  lying  at  the  foot  of  102d  street. 

The  derricks  had  scarcely  been  tied  up 
there  when  Bjorklund  and  his  two  assis- 
tants went  down  the  second  forward  hatch- 
way. No  one  saw  them  go,  but  a  few  min- 
utes later  one  of  the  wreckers,  happening 
to  pass  the  hatchway,  looked  down  into 
the  hold  and  saw  the  three  men  stretched 
out  on  the  bottom.  Supt.  Kivlin  was  noti- 
fied, and  he  called  the  members  of  his  force 
and  the  crew  of  the  steamer  around  him. 

"The  man  who  goes  down  after  those 
men  takes  his  life  in  his  hand,  but  there 
ought  to  be  somebody  here  brave  enough 
to  do  it,"  said  Kivlin.  "  If  we  can  get  them 
out  of  that  rotten  gas  promptly  we  may 
save  them." 

There  wasn't  any  response  for  a  mo- 
ment, but  suddenly  Diver  Jack  Hanson 
worked  his  way  through  the  little  group 
aroimd  the  hatchway  with  a  diver's  helmet 
over  his  head.  Hanson  didn't  speak  until 
he  had  taken  half  a  dozen  steps  down  the 
ladder,  when  he  said: 

"I  guess  I'm  about  the  best  friend  Gus 
Bjorklund  had,  and  if  the  boys  will  keep 
me  supplied  with  air  I'll  get  those  poor  fel- 
lows out  as  quickly  as  any  one  could." 

He    tied    a  rope   around    Bjorklund's 


34 


TYPES   OF   NEWS  WRITING 


shoulders,  and  while  Bjorklund  was  being 
pulled  up  on  deck  two  more  ropes  were 
thrown  to  Hanson.  He  secured  the  ropes 
around  Menus  and  Fabricius,  and  in  ten 
minutes  all  three  men  were  on  deck  and 
were  receiving  first  aid  treatment.  Ambu- 
lances were  sent  for,  but  it  was  nearly  half 
an  hour  before  Dr.  Moeckel  of  the  Harlem 
Hospital  arrived.  The  three  men  were  dead 
then.  Supt.  Kivlin  was  arrested  and  taken 
before  Coronor  Acritelli,  who  released  him 
to  appear  at  the  inquest. 


SHIPS  COLLIDE  IN  FOG 

Boston  Transcript 

In  a  fog  bank  that  had  closed  in  only 
about  twenty  minutes  before,  the  four- 
masted  schooner  Alma  E.  A.  Holmes  of 
Philadelphia  was  rammed  and  sunk  by  the 
Eastern  Steamship  Corporation  steamer 
Belfast,  just  outside  of  Graves  Light, 
shortly  after  six  o'clock  this  morning.  That 
no  lives  were  lost  was  undoubtedly  due  to 
the  action  of  Captain  Frank  Brown  of  the 
Belfast,  who  held  the  bow  of  the  steamer 
in  the  hole  in  the  schooner's  side  until 
Captam  Henry  A.  Smith  and  the  eight 
members  of  the  crew  had  climbed  aboard 
the  Belfast.  Two  minutes  after  the  Belfast 
backed  away,  the  Holmes,  which  had  been 
struck  on  the  starboard  side  between  the 
fore  and  mainmasts,  plunged  bow  first  to 
the  bottom,  her  stern  lifting  so  high  out  of 
the  water  that  about  twenty  feet  of  the  keel 
was  visible  to  those  on  the  steamer. 

The  Belfast,  with  about  150  passengers, 
was  on  the  way  here  from  Bangor  and 
Penobscot  River  ports.  The  weather  had 
been  thick  all  night,  and  Captain  Brown 
had  been  constantly  on  duty  in  the  pilot 
house.  Shortly  before  the  collision  occurred 
those  on  the  Belfast  heard  the  schooner's 
fog  horn  sounding  at  intervals.  The  steam- 
er, too,  was  sounding  her  whistle,  when  out 
of  the  fog  and  directly  ahead  appeared  the 
Holmes.  At  the  first  glimpse  Captain 
Brown  ordered  the  engines  reversed.  The 
distance  between  the  vessels,  however,  was 
too  short,  and  a  moment  later  the  sharp 


stem  of  the  Belfast  cut  through  the 
schooner's  side. 

Frightened  passengers  hurried  out  on 
deck  as  they  felt  the  shock  of  the  collision, 
but  within  a  few  minutes  they  were  as- 
sured by  members  of  the  crew  that  they 
were  in  no  danger.  Many,  nevertheless, 
feared  that  the  Belfast  was  going  to  sink. 
Meantime,  Captain  Brown  held  the  steam- 
er's bow  where  it  was,  as  he  realized  that 
the  damage  was  serious  and  that  the 
schooner,  laden  deep  as  she  was  with  coal, 
would  go  do'mi  quickly  if  the  sea  was  per- 
mitted to  rush  in. 

Meanwhile,  the  skipper  and  crew  of  the 
schooner  had  got  on  deck,  two  or  three  of 
the  sailors  in  scanty  attire,  as  they  did  not 
have  time  to  dress  after  being  roused  from 
their  bunks.  Captain  Smith  was  on  deck 
when  the  accident  happened,  and  perceived 
when  the  steamer  was  sighted  that  the 
collision  was  bound  to  occm*.  He  shouted 
for  all  of  the  crew  to  come  on  deck,  and 
nearly  all  responded  before  the  crash. 

While  passengers  crowded  forward  on 
the  decks  of  the  Belfast,  a  ladder  was  let 
dovra  to  the  deck  of  the  schooner,  and  one 
after  the  other  the  crew  of  the  Holmes 
climbed  to  safety.  Captain  Smith  had  some 
difficulty  in  impressing  some  of  the  crew 
with  the  necessity  of  quick  action,  one  man 
being  particularly  stubborn.  The  rescue 
was  accomplished  in  about  ten  minutes, 
according  to  Captain  Brown  of  the  Bel- 
fast, and  then  the  steamer  backed  away. 
As  she  withdrew  from  the  hole  in  the 
schooner's  side,  it  was  seen  that  the  Bel- 
fast's stem  had  been  twisted  over  to  port. 
Otherwise  she  was  apparently  undam- 
aged, and  was  not  leaking,  according  to 
Captain  Brown,  after  she  docked  at  India 
\Miarf. 

The  sight  of  the  schooner  going  to  the 
bottom  was  one  that  the  passengers  will 
remember.  In  Captain  Brown's  opinion  it 
was  spectacular,  in  view  of  the  manner  in 
which  the  craft  seemed  to  stand  on  her 
head,  with  the  stern  rearing  almost  straight 
out  of  the  water,  until  she  disappeared  be- 
neath the  surface.  Every  one  of  the  pas- 
sengers praised  Captain  Bro-mi  highly  for 
the  manner  in  which  he  handled  the  situa- 


FIRES   AND  ACCIDENTS 


35 


tion  and  rescued  the  shipwrecked  men. 
According  to  Captain  Brown  of  the  Belfast, 
the  colHsion  took  place  about  four  and  one- 
half  miles  northeast  of  the  dumping  ground 
buoy  outside  of  Graves  Light,  and  the 
schooner  sank  in  about  twenty  fathoms  of 
water.  Neither  he  nor  Captain  Smith  cared 
to  make  any  statement  regarding  responsi- 
bility for  the  accident.  An  investigation  to 
determine  this  will  be  made  by  the  United 
States  Steamboat  Inspectors. 

The  Alma  E.  A.  Hplmes  was  boimd  from 
Norfolk  to  Salem  with  1819  tons  of  coal. 
She  sailed  from  Norfolk  a  week  ago  Wed- 
nesday. She  was  a  craft  of  1208  tons  gross 
register,  1069  net,  202  feet  long,  41  feet 
beam  and  18  feet  deep,  and  was  built  at 
Camden,  Me.,  in  1896.  Joseph  Holmes, 
Sr.,  of  Toms  River,  N.  J.,  was  the  owner. 


BOAT  BATTERED  IN  GALE 
Philadelphia  Ledger 

ATLANTIC  CITY,  Nov.  20.— As  gal- 
lant a  fight  as  South  Coast  mariners  have 
put  up  in  many  a  day,  with  life  as  the 
stake,  was  made  by  the  skipper  and  crew 
of  the  Drake,  one  of  the  fastest  and  smart- 
est of  the  Inlet  fishing  fleet.  Coast  guards 
hardly  knew  her  when  she  staggered  into 
port  this  afternoon,  battered  and  torn,  a 
leaking  scarecrow  of  her  former  trim  self. 

On  board  Mark  Broome,  master,  Tom- 
kins,  the  mate,  and  the  nine  members  of 
the  crew  were  in  much  the  same  state  as 
their  vessel.  All  hands  were  half  dead  from 
loss  of  sleep  and  completely  worn  out  after 
a  36-hour  battle  with  the  gale  that  swept 
the  Atlantic  yesterday. 

The  Drake  was  making  a  full  speed  ahead 
plunge  for  Absecon  late  Thm-sday  night, 
when  the  gale,  ripping  up  the  coast,  struck 
her.  There  was  nothing  to  do  but  turn  and 
fly  before  the  tempest,  with  everybody 
aboard  hoping  they  might  escape  the 
treacherous  shoals  running  miles  seaward 
of  Brigantine. 

Then,  to  make  matters  worse,  the  Drake's 
engine  jammed  and  went  out  of  commission 
and  Tomkins,  the  mate,  almost  was  swept 
overboard  by  a  boom,  while  he  clung  to 


the  bowsprit  trying  to  pour  oil  on  the 
waves.  Broome,  the  skipper,  saw  his  mate's 
peril,  and  his  presence  of  mind  saved  Tom- 
kins  from  going  into  the  sea. 

It  looked  for  a  time  last  night,  when  the 
Drake  sprung  a  leak,  as  if  the  staunch  craft 
never  would  see  harbor  again.  Everybody 
took  turns  at  the  pumps,  except  Broome, 
who  stood  over  his  flagging  men,  keeping 
them  awake  when  exhaustion  gripped 
them.  The  Drake  was  minus  half  her  cargo 
of  fish  when  she  finally  came  in  over  the 
bar  today. 


FATAL  SHIPWRECK 

New  York  Times 

ASTORIA,  Ore.,  Sept.  19.— Between 
seventy  and  eighty  men,  women,  and  chil- 
dren, coastwise  passengers  and  crew,  were 
drowned  late  yesterday  when  the  three- 
masted  schooner  Francis  H.  Leggett  was 
pounded  to  pieces  in  a  gale  sixty  miles 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  River. 

Two  men  were  rescued  by  passing 
steamers  and  carried  to  Astoria  and  Port- 
land. They  told  how  the  sea  tore  the 
vessel  to  pieces,  and  how  the  passengers 
were  drowned,  a  boat  load  at  a  time,  as  the 
lifeboats  capsized,  or  met  their  fate  a  little 
later  when  the  vessel  turned  over. 

Alexander  Farrell,  a  survivor,  said  that, 
at  the  height  of  the  storm,  Capt.  J.  Jensen 
of  San  Francisco,  a  passenger,  who  had  lost 
his  own  ship  six  months  ago  and  had  been 
marooned  for  four  months  on  an  uninhab- 
ited island,  went  to  the  aid  of  Capt.  Moro 
of  the  Leggett,  took  command  of  the  pas- 
sengers, and  controlled  them  until  he  sank 
with  the  schooner. 

The  schooner's  wireless,  on  a  route  alive 
with  ships,  raised  only  the  Japanese  cruiser 
Idzumo,  and  sank  hours  before  any  craft 
reached  her  position.  The  steamer  Beaver, 
which  caught  the  Idzumo's  report  of  the 
Leggett's  distress,  said  that  the  Idzumo 
gave  no  position  for  the  distressed  vessel. 
She  asked  for  more  details,  but  got  no  re- 
sponse from  the  warship. 

Plunging  on  her  course  for  the  Columbia 
River,  the  Beaver  ran  upon  the  oil  tanker 


36 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


Buck,  standing  by  a  swirl  of  wTeckage  and 
timber  which  indicated  where  the  Leggett 
had  sunk.  The  Buck  transferred  Farrell  to 
the  Beaver  for  treatment.  She  remained 
for  some  time  searching  for  bodies  afloat, 
or  for  some  other  men,  who,  like  Farrell, 
might  have  been  fortunate  enough  to  seize 
a  bit  of  lumber  and  strong  enough  to  cling 
to  it  for  many  hours  in  the  icy  water. 

The  other  rescued  passenger,  George  H. 
Pullman  of  Winnipeg,  Canada,  is  on  board 
the  Buck,  which  now  is  lying  off  the  Colum- 
bia bar  awaiting  calmer  weather  before 
crossing  in. 

It  is  believed  that  Capt.  Moro  of  the 
Leggett  was  washed  overboard  shortly  be- 
fore the  ship  sank,  for  it  was  Capt.  Jensen, 
Farrell  said,  who  was  in  charge  of  a  futile 
attempt  to  launch  two  lifeboats,  which 
foundered  as  soon  as  they  struck  the  water. 

Farrell,  who  had  recovered  considerably 
tonight  from  his  exhaustion,  said  that  the 
Leggett  carried  a  full  list  of  passengers, 
between  forty  and  fifty,  while  the  crew 
numbered  about  twenty-five.  Among  the 
passengers  were  six  women,  a  girl  and  a 
boy,  including  the  Captain's  wife,  the 
mate's  wife,  and  the  wife  of  Capt.  Ander- 
son  of  the  schooner  Carrie  Dove. 

"We  left  Grey's  Harbor  Wednesday 
morning,"  said  Farrell.  "Later  the  sea 
became  rough.  The  Leggett  began  to 
pound  heavily  and  the  Captain  gave  orders 
to  jettison  the  deck  load.  Then  the  seas 
swept  off  the  hatches,  and  the  hold  be- 
gan to  fill.  Capt.  Jensen  ordered  the  pas- 
sengers into  their  cabins,  and  many  were 
still  there  when  the  boat  went  down. 

"When  it  was'  seen  that  there  was  no 
hope  for  the  vessel,  Capt.  Jensen  ordered 
the  lifeboats  lavmched.  In  the  first  boat 
there  were  thirty  persons,  two  of  whom 
were  women.  There  were  only  six  women 
on  board,  and  the  other  four  were  not  at 
that  end  of  the  ship  when  the  boat  was 
launched. 

"As  soon  as  the  boat  struck  the  water 
it  capsized,  and  all  the  occupants  were 
thrown  into  the  sea  and  drowned.  '^ 

"A  few  minutes  later  an  attempt  was 
made  to  launch  the  second  lifeboat.  It 
contained  four  women  and  their  husbands. 


The  boat  met  the  same  fate  as  the  other 
boat. 

"I  was  standing  on  the  bridge  when  the 
ship  went  down.  The  boat  capsized  as  she 
sank.  I  don't  know  how  long  I  was  under 
water,  but  when  I  came  to  the  top  I 
grabbed  a  railroad  tie  and  hung  on.  The 
wireless  operator  was  also  hanging  to  the 
tie.  I  saw  men  sinking  all  around  me,  but 
could  not  hear  their  cries  owing  to  the 
screeching  gale. 

"It  soon  became  dark,  but  it  was  1 
o'clock  in  the  morning  when  the  Beaver 
picked  me  up.  The  wireless  operator  clung 
to  the  tie  with  me  for  several  hours,  and 
then,  benumbed  by  cold,  he  dropped  off. 
No  one  was  to  blame  for  the  wTeck.  The 
boat  was  unable  to  stand  the  storm." 


The  Leggett  was  a  three-masted  schooner 
of  1,606  tons  gross  registry  and  a  capacity 
of  1,500,000  feet  of  lumber.  She  was  oper- 
ated by  the  Charles  R.  McCormick  Com- 
pany of  San  Francisco. 


Note  —  The  following  two  stories  illustrate 
different  arrangements  of  the  same  material  and 
were  probably  telegraphed  by  different  news 
associations. 

EXPLOSION  IN   MINE 

(1) 
San  Francisco  Examiner 

MARIANNA  (Pa.),  November  28.— 
Within  three  minutes  after  a  State  mine 
inspector  and  the  mine  superintendent  had 
returned  from  an  inspection  of  the  district, 
the  model  Marianna  mine  of  the  Pittsburg- 
Buffalo  Coal  Company  was  blown  up  by 
an  explosion  to-day. 

At  midnight  the  rescuers,  penetrating 
through  a  portion  of  the  shaft,  came  upon 
the  bodies  of  142  men,  most  of  whom  had 
been  killed  instantaneously  by  the  debris 
flung  upon  them  by  the  explosion.  Many 
of  the  remains  were  badly  mangled.  Eight- 
een bodies  were  immediately  carried  to  the 
top  of  the  shaft,  where  they  were  encof- 
fined.  Six  others,  killed  at  the  top  of  the 
shaft,    had    been    previously    recovered. 


FIRES  AND   ACCIDENTS 


37 


Whether  any  more  remain  in  the  wrecked 
mine  will  not  be  known  untU  morning. 

When  she  learned  that  her  husband  was 
among  the  dead,  Mrs.  Joseph  Jones  broke 
through  the  guard  of  fifty  State  constabu- 
lary and  attempted  to  dash  herself  to  the 
bottom  of  the  mine.  She  was  caught  and 
restrained  just  as  she  was  about  to  make 
the  fatal  jump.  Mrs.  George  Acker  became 
violently  insane  when  she  heard  that  her 
husband  was  in  the  mine,  and  was  arrested 
and  placed  under  restraint. 

At  1  o'clock  Peter  Arnold,  an  American, 
was  brought  out  of  the  Rachel  shaft  alive. 
Joseph  Kearney,  one  of  the  rescuers,  re- 
ported that  others  were  Uving. 

The  Marianna  mine,  which  had  been  in 
operation  less  than  three  months,  was  con- 
sidered the  model  mine  of  the  world. 
Every  device  known  to  modern  invention 
had  been  installed  to  prevent  just  such  a 
tragedy  as  occurred  to-day.  But,  wrecked 
by  a  mysterious  explosion,  the  very  ma- 
chinery which  was  to  have  made  accident 
impossible  hampered  the  rescuers  at  their 
work.  They  did  not  imderstand  the  won- 
derful mechanism  which  bolstered  the  great 
mine  with  such  a  network  of  contrivances, 
and  they  were  delayed  in  the  attempt  to 
bore  through  to  the  bodies  of  the  men  ly- 
ing dead  in  the  bottom  of  the  shaft. 

The  explosion  came  just  before  the  noon 
hour  in  the  Rachel  shaft.  It  was  so  ter- 
rific that  the  blast,  blowing  up  the  whole 
length  of  the  deep  shaft,  tore  loose  the 
giant  elevator  cage  at  the  surface  of  the 
mine  and  hurled  it  300  feet  away. 

Two  men  were  in  the  cage  at  the  time. 
Both  were  instantly  killed,  the  head  of  one 
of  them  being  literally  blown  off. 

Immediately  following  the  explosion, 
rescuers  began  frantically  to  burrow  at  the 
mouth  of  the  mine  in  a  futile  effort  to  dig 
down  through  the  tremendous  masses  of 
coal  that  blocked  the  upper  reaches  of  the 
shaft,  while  other  rescuers,  headed  by 
President  John  K.  Jones,  of  the  Pittsburg- 
Buffalo  Coal  Company,  rushed  to  the 
scene  in  special  trains  from  Pittsburg  and 
Monongahela  with  the  latest  appliances, 
which  were  erected  at  the  head  of  the 
shaft  to  bore  to  the  entombed  men. 


Five  thousand  women  and  children  and 
miners  thronged  the  mouth  of  the  mine, 
the  former  weeping  piteously  and  pleading 
for  the  rescue  of  their  fathers  or  broth- 
ers. 

The  officials  of  the  mine  are  in  a  pitiful 
condition.  They  have  spent  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  dollars  to  make  the  Marianna 
fireproof,  and  experts  have  assured  them 
that  such  a  disaster  as  occurred  to-day 
was  impossible.  In  the  excitement  and 
panic  it  is  impossible  thus  far  to  learn  the 
names  of  the  victims.  But  the  books  of  the 
company  indicate  that  the  majority  of  the 
275  buried  in  the  Rachel  are  Americans 
and  that  most  of  the  others  are  English 
miners  imported  by  the  company  two 
months  ago  to  work  the  richest  shafts. 

(2) 
Chicago  Record-Herald 

PITTSBURG,  Nov.  28.— Two  hundred 
and  seventy-five  men,  a  majority  of  them 
Americans,  are  believed  all  to  have  per- 
ished in  an  explosion  which  wrecked  the 
mine  of  the  Pittsburg-Buffalo  Coal  Com- 
pany at  Marianna,  Washington  County, 
shortly  before  noon  to-day.  Marianna  is 
considered  the  model  mining  town  of  the 
world,  and  the  mine  itself  was  claimed  to 
be  as  nearly  perfect  in  equipment  as  modern 
science  could  devise. 

Since  the  blast  entombed  all  the  men  in 
the  mine,  smoke  has  been  issuing  from  the 
shaft,  showing  that  the  workings  are  afire, 
and  rescuers  who  entered  were  compelled, 
after  progressing  only  a  short  distance,  to 
retreat  on  account  of  the  intense  heat. 

The  explosion  happened  at  11: 30  o'clock 
this  morning,  when  the  full  force  was  at 
work.  The  explosion  was  terrific,  and  if 
all  in  the  mine  were  not  mangled  by  its 
force,  it  seems  certain  that  they  perished 
in  the  subsequent  fire  or  were  suffocated 
by  the  deadly  fumes. 

The  force  of  the  explosion  can  be  imag- 
ined when  it  is  known  that  the  heavy  iron 
cage  which  carried  the  men  from  the  sur- 
face to  the  workings  was  blown  300  feet 
away  from  the  mouth  of  the  shaft.  Two 
men  who  were  in  the  cage  at  the  time  were 


38 


TYPES   OF   NEWS   WRITING 


killed,  the  head  of  one  of  them  being  blown 
off. 

Three  foreigners  who  were  at  the  mouth 
of  the  mine  when  the  explosion  occurred 
are  ia  the  hospital  ia  a  critical  condition 
from  injuries  received  when  the  mine  cage 
was  blown  out  of  the  shaft.  They  also  in- 
haled the  poisonous  fumes. 

The  fanhouse  was  partly  demolished  and 
the  fans  stopped  for  over  an  hour. 

The  explosion  was  in  shaft  No.  2.  The 
only  way  to  reach  the  workings  is  through 
that  shaft,  as  shaft  No.  1  is  not  completed. 
Some  of  the  officials  of  the  coal  company 
believe  it  will  be  necessary  to  dig  through 
800  feet  of  solid  coal  before  they  can  reach 
the  workings. 

State  Mine  Inspector  Louttit  and  Mine 
Foreman  Kennedy  had  just  completed  a 
two  days'  examination  of  the  mine,  and  had 
come  from  the  mine  only  three  minutes 
before  the  explosion  occurred. 

When  the  town  was  shaken  by  the  blast, 
all  the  people  rushed  from  their  houses. 
Learning  of  the  extent  of  the  disaster,  the 
members  of  the  families  of  the  doomed  men 
rushed  to  the  mouth  of  the  mine,  and  a 
pathetic  scene  followed.  Wives,  mothers 
and  relatives  of  the  men  are  gathered  about, 
and  their  cries  are  pitiful. 

It  is  said  there  is  a  large  gas  weU  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  mine.  Whether  the  gas  from 
this  well  was  communicated  to  the  mine 
and  became  ignited,  or  whether  powder  and 
dynamite  used  for  blasting  purposes  ex- 
ploded, cannot  now  be  ascertained. 

Rushing  as  fast  as  steam  could  carry 
them,  special  trains  from  this  city  and 
Monongahela  went  to  the  scene  of  the  dis- 
aster. On  them  were  officials  of  the  coal 
company  and  many  prominent  miners  who 
are  considered  experts  in  the  work  of  res- 
cue. The  latest  appliances  from  the  new 
United  States  laboratory  in  this  city,  which 
were  recently  tested  before  foreign  and 
American  experts,  for  the  saving  of  life  in 
mine  explosions,  were  hurried  to  the  mine. 

John  H.  Jones,  president  of  the  Pitts- 
burg-Buffalo Coal  Company,  was  almost  a 
physical  wreck  when  he  learned  of  the  ac- 
cident. He  trembled  in  every  limb  and 
could  scarcely  speak.    Accompanied  by 


other  officials  of  the  company,  and  by 
J.  W.  Paul  of  the  United  States  mine  test- 
ing station  located  here.  President  Jones 
went  at  once  to  the  scene  in  a  special  train. 

Two  assistants  accompanied  Mr.  Paul, 
carrying  patented  helmets  that  make  work 
possible  in  the  most  dangerous  mine. 
With  these  men  Mr.  Paul  expected  to  be 
able  to  save  many  lives. 

Early  reports  as  to  the  number  of  vic- 
tims of  the  disaster  varied  greatly.  The 
mine  officials  first  claimed  that  not  more 
than  100  men  could  have  been  caught,  but 
it  now  is  certain  that  275  were  at  work  at 
the  time  and  that  none  in  the  shaft  escaped. 

State  Mine  Inspector  Louttit  and  Mine 
Foreman  Kermedy,  who  had  just  com- 
pleted a  two  days'  examination  of  the 
mine,  declared  that  they  had  found  it  in 
perfect  condition.  At  the  present  time, 
they  say,  it  is  impossible  to  state  whether 
the  explosion  was  caused  by  gas  or  by  a 
powder  explosion.  Mr.  Jones,  president  of 
the  company,  stated  that  almost  the  entire 
force  of  men  were  in  the  mine  at  the  time 
of  the  explosion,  but  he  did  not  know  the 
full  extent  of  the  casualties. 

Marianna  was  built  recently  by  the 
Pittsburg-Buffalo  Coal  Company.  It  ne- 
cessitated a  great  outlay  of  money,  as  it 
was  the  intention  to  make  the  mine  up  to 
date  and  the  living  conditions  of  the  miners 
the  same  as  could  be  secured  in  a  large  city. 
The  houses  were  of  brick  construction,  and 
each  contained  a  bathroom.  When  com- 
pleted the  town  was  said  by  foreign  and 
American  mine  officials  to  be  the  most  per- 
fect mining  town  in  the  world. 


ENTOMBED  MINERS 

Kansas  City  Times 

JopLiN,  Mo.,  June  18. — The  occasional 
"rap-rap-rap"  which  has  encouraged  the 
men  who  are  battling  with  the  tons  of  rock 
and  earth  imprisoning  two  men  in  the 
Longacre-Chapman  mine  ceased  yester- 
day afternoon.  Daniel  Hardendorf  and 
Reed  Taylor,  the  men  who  are  buried, 
have  now  been  in  the  mine  since  6  o'clock 
last  Friday  night.   There  is  hope  yet  for 


FIRES   AND   ACCIDENTS 


39 


their  rescue,  but  that  hope  grows  weaker 
as  the  night  wears  on. 

The  best  shovelers  in  the  Joplin  district, 
150  of  them,  are  working  quietly,  fever- 
ishly, knowing  that  every  minute  lost 
means  that  much  less  chance  of  rescuing 
the  men.  They  work  with  strained  nerves, 
in  squads  of  eight  which  enter  the  shaft, 
then  come  up  at  the  end  of  two  hours  com- 
pletely exhausted. 

A  crowd  of  about  five  hundred  persons, 
miners,  friends  and  relatives,  are  at  the 
mouth  of  the  shaft.  It's  a  strange,  pathetic 
crowd,  alternately  weeping  and  praying. 

Through  this  crowd  tonight  four  big, 
pale  men  elbowed  their  way.  They  were 
William  Lester,  Roy  Woodmansee,  Ed- 
ward Spencer  and  A.  H.  Harwood,  miners 
who  were  taken  from  the  shaft  Tuesday 
night  after  having  been  entombed  them- 
selves four  days  in  another  part  of  the  mine. 
They  pleaded  to  be  allowed  to  help  in  the 
rescue  work. 

"  Let  us  save  them.  It's  hell  down  there, 
poor  fellows,"  one  said  grimly. 

A  tragic  figure  in  the  crowd  is  Mrs.  Har- 
dendorf,  wife  of  one  of  the  entombed  men. 
As  the  shifts  of  .men  go  down  she  stands  by 
and  pleads  with  them  to  exert  every  effort. 
When  the  men,  exhausted  by  their  efforts, 
come  up  to  be  relieved,  she  works  with  the 
other  women,  passing  around  coffee  and 
food. 

Thirty-five  feet  of  rock  and  earth  sepa- 
rate the  entombed  miners  from  liberty. 
The  two  men  have  been  without  food, 
water  or  air  more  than  eight  days  now. 
When  the  tapping  ceased  yesterday  after- 
noon many  shook  their  heads. 

"They  are  dead,"  they  say  sadly. 

But  the  crowd  about  the  shaft  never 
diminishes  and  the  shovelers  never  quit. 

"Maybe  they  have  gone  farther  into  the 
drift  to  get  better  air,"  some  say  hope- 
fully. 

About  $1,500  has  been  raised  by  popular 
susbcriptions  to  pay  the  men  who  are  help- 
ing in  the  rescue  work.  The  amount  soon 
will  be  increased. 

Experienced  miners  say  it  will  be  late 
Saturday  night  or  early  Sunday  morning 
before  the  tons  of  rocks  and  earth  can  be 


shoveled  away.  If  the  buried  miners  have 
fainted  from  lack  of  air,  there  is  httle  hope 
of  reaching  them  alive.  But  if  they  have 
gone  back  farther  in  the  drift  they  can  be 
saved. 


FALL  FROM  SCAFFOLD 

New  York  Times 

Because  he  had  refused  to  take  a  seri- 
ously injured  man  in  his  automobile  to 
St.  Luke's  Hospital  yesterday  afternoon, 
the  chauffeur  of  a  machine  standing  out- 
side of  South  Field,  opposite  Columbia 
University  Library,  was  set  upon  by  a 
crowd  of  Yale  and  Columbia  University 
students  and  threatened  with  bodily  in- 
jury unless  he  did  so.  Thoroughly  fright- 
ened, the  chauffeur  consented  to  take  the 
injured  man  to  the  hospital,  where  his 
condition  is  said  to  be  serious. 

The  injured  man  was  Peter  Bunn,  a 
bricklayer,  of  No.  231  East  80th  street, 
who  was  working  on  Kent  Hall,  a  new 
Columbia  University  building,  at  116th 
street  and  Amsterdam  avenue.  Bunn  and 
his  brother  John  were  on  a  scaffolding  on 
the  third  floor  of  the  building,  overlooking 
South  Field,  the  athletic  field  of  the  uni- 
versity, where  Yale  and  Columbia  were 
playing  a  game  of  baseball. 

As  the  crowds  began  to  leave  the  field, 
the  two  men  shouted  from  their  high  perch 
and  imitated  the  cheers  of  the  students. 
While  they  were  jumping  about  on  the 
platform  of  the  scaffold,  it  swung  far  out 
from  the  wall,  and  Peter  fell  to  the  ground. 


TWO  BOYS  DROWN 

Chicago  Tribune' 

Joseph  Tordio,  19  years  old,  of  920 
Townsend  street,  tried  to  save  Albert  Ar- 
rigo,  8  years  old,  of  457  West  Superior 
street,  from  drowning  in  the  north  branch 
of  the  river  at  Superior  street  last  night. 
Both  drowned. 

Arrigo,  a  mere  stripling,  was  fishing.  He 
lost  his  balance  and  toppled  from  the  pier. 
Screams  of  his  brother,  Charles,  12  years 


40 


TYPES   OF   NEWS   WRITING 


old,  attracted  Tordio.  He  threw  off  his 
shoes,  coat,  and  hat  and  jumped  in.  For 
fifteen  minutes  the  battle  with  death  ran  on. 

Tordio  did  not  know  the  science  of  res- 
cuing a  dro^vning  person.  He  might  have 
stunned  the  boy  and  got  back  to  the  pier. 
But  he  merely  used  his  muscle.  Then  the 
httle  boy,  in  a  death  grapple,  tightened  his 
arms  around  Tordio  hke  two  small  bands 
of  steel. 

The  larger  boy  tired.  The  murky  water 
ran  over  his  face.  For  an  instant  he 
thought  he  might  lose.  That  was  his  vm- 
doing.  Fear  unnerved  him.  He  fought  in  a 
frenzy.  They  went  down  together,  the 
younger  boy  strangling  but  stiU  clasping 
his  two  small  bands  of  steel  around  the 
rescuer's  body. 

They  came  up,  or  Tordio's  face  did. 
With  the  terror  of  death  on  him,  Tordio 
made  a  last  desperate  effort.  It  failed.  He 
opened  his  mouth  to  call  for  help,  but  the 
voice  was  drowned  with  the  gurgling  water. 
He  quit.  His  hands  went  up  in  a  last  act  of 
despair.  Then  they  went  down.  In  a  mo- 
ment there  Was  notliing  on  the  water  at 
that  point  save  a  few  tiny  waves  and  a  few 
bubbles. 

The  police  came  with  grappling  hooks. 
The  body  of  little  Arrigo  was  recovered. 
The  doctors  worked  for  an  hour  to  drive 
air  back  into  the  water  bloated  lungs.  It 
was  futile. 

Tordio's  body  is  still  on  the  floor  of  the 
river  somewhere.  He  did  not  know  the  boy 
he  tried  to  save. 


INVESTIGATION  OF  CAUSE  OF 
DROWNING 

Boston  Herald 

The  city  authorities,  the  police  and  the 
district  attorney  have  been  asked  to  in- 
vestigate conditions  at  the  deserted  wharf 
on  Albany  street  at  the  foot  of  Union  Park 
where  one  boy  was  drowned  on  Tuesday 
afternoon  and  another  narrowly  escaped 
drowning  on  the  morning  of  the  same  day. 
Residents  of  the  neighborhood  say  that  in 
the  last  decade  the  place  has  claimed  no 
less  than  seven  victims  and  has  been  the 


scene  of  a  score  of  accidents  more  or  less 
serious. 

So  far  no  one  directly  responsible  for  the 
recurring  fatalities  has  been  found.  The 
premises  are  private  property,  the  boys  who 
frequent  the  place  are  trespassers  under 
the  law,  the  city  believes  that  it  has  no 
right  to  interfere  and  the  police  of  the  dis- 
trict say  that  the  only  way  they  could  deal 
with  the  situation  would  be  to  have  an 
officer  stationed  on  the  ground  day  and 
night. 

With  a  frontage  of  some  200  feet  on 
Albany  street  the  lot  extends  back  over  a 
grass-grown  area  about  50  feet  to  the 
South  bay.  At  the  edge  of  the  water  are 
the  ruins  of  an  old  pier,  a  stretch  of  broken 
boards  and  a  group  of  broken  piles. 

The  whole  place  is  absolutely  open  to 
the  street  and  is  unguarded  by  fence  or 
barrier  of  any  kind.  It  has  all  the  attrac- 
tions of  a  playground  and  swimming  hole 
and  is  doubly  alluring  to  the  lads  of  the 
neighborhood  owing  to  the  fact  that  they 
have  been  warned  off  from  time  to  time  by 
the  police. 

All  during  the  summer  scores  of  boys  of 
all  ages,  but  chiefly  between  5  and  14  years, 
haunt  the  old  wharf,  jumping  from  pile  to 
pile  or  taking  an  occasional  dip  when  the 
officer  on  the  beat  is  not  looking.  From 
the  shore  the  channel  shelves  down  sharply 
to  a  depth  of  about  30  feet. 

The  nature  of  the  danger  was  shown 
Tuesday  afternoon.  Alexander  Penney, 
the  7-year-old  son  of  Alexander  Penney  of 
114  Maiden  street,  while  playing  fireman 
with  several  companions  among  the  piles, 
slipped  and  fell  into  the  water.  His  body 
disappeared  and  was  not  found  until  it 
was  picked  up  yesterday  morning  near  the 
Dover  street  bridge  by  the  crew  of  the 
policeboat  Watchman. 

In  the  morning  of  the  same  day  Arthur 
York,  5  years  old,  of  Albany  street,  stum- 
bled overboard  and  was  rescued  with  con- 
siderable difficulty  by  John  Melanphy, 
who  was  forced  to  dive  before  he  could 
bring  the  boy  to  the  surface. 

Similar  accidents  have  happened  in  the 
past  with  such  frequencj'  that  the  citizens 
of  the  neighborhood  are  demanding  that 


FIRES   AND  ACCIDENTS 


41 


some  action  be  taken  to  close  the  wharf 
and  keep  the  children  away  from  it.  Jo- 
seph E.  Ferreira  of  1  Pelham  street,  a 
business  man,  well  known  politically  in  the 
section,  circulated  a  petition  asking  the 
city  to  take  action.  There  were  over  250 
signers,  but  when  the  petition  was  pre- 
sented to  the  mayor  it  was  found  that  the 
city  had  no  legal  right  to  act.  Mr.  Ferreira 
has  since  appealed  to  the  district  attorney 
and  to  the  police  in  an  attempt  to  have  the 
wharf  fenced  in. 

Mayor  Fitzgerald  paid  a  personal  visit 
to  the  scene  of  Tuesday's  accidents  yester- 
day morning.  He  looked  over  the  ground 
carefully  and  interviewed  numerous  small 
boys  who  had  been  attracted  to  the  spot. 
Several  of  them  were  playing  about  the 
wharf  end,  apparently  unmindful  of  the 
danger. 

"The  situation  here  is  a  deplorable  one," 
said  Mayor  Fitzgerald,  "but  up  to  the 
present  I  have  been  unable  to  discover  any 
way  in  which  the  city  can  act.  The  prem- 
ises are  privately  owned,  and  the  city,  so 
far  as  I  am  informed,  has  no  right  to  fence 
the  place  in  or  otherwise  block  it  from  the 
street. 

"Something  should  be  done,  however, 
to  prevent  the  recurrence  of  drowning 
accidents.  It  would  seem  that  much  of  the 
trouble  would  be  obviated  if  the  owners 
would  consent  to  erect  a  high  board  fence. 
I  believe  also  that  the  police  might  be  a  bit 
more  vigilant,  although  I  realize  that  the 
only  sure  way  to  keep  boys  off  a  lot  like 
this  would  be  to  have  an  officer  stationed 
here  all  the  time. 

"The  place  as  it  stands  is  a  temptation 
to  every  child  who  loves  the  water.  In  the 
hot  weather  it  is  bound  to  lure  about  every 
healthy  boy  in  the  vicinity.  If  funds  were 
available,  I  should  suggest  that  the  happi- 
est solution  of  the  difficulty  would  be  for 
the  city  to  take  the  land  over  and  trans- 
form it  into  a  bathing  park.  The  neigh- 
borhood is  crowded  and  the  nearest  public 
bathing  place  is  at  Dover  street. 

"The  accident  calls  attention  to  the 
relatively  small  number  of  our  boys  that 
can  swim.  I  have  always  advocated  swim- 
ming instruction  for  our  children,  and  the 


fatality  of  Tuesday  only  emphasizes  the 
need  of  it." 

Mayor  Fitzgerald  allowed  himself  to  be 
photographed  at  the  spot  where  the  acci- 
dent occurred,  and  as  he  did  so  seven  ur- 
chins grouped  themselves  about  him.  Six 
of  them  were  under  10  years  and  the  other 
13  years  old. 

"How  many  of  you  boys  can  swim?" 
asked  the  mayor. 

The  six  younger  boys  shook  their  heads 
and  the  oldest  admitted  that  he  could  "a 
little." 

"That  is  a  fair  example  of  conditions," 
said  Mayor  Fitzgerald,  "and  a  good  argu- 
ment against  allowing  a  place  like  this  to 
exist." 

The  property  has  been  idle  for  a  number 
of  years  and  is  said  to  have  been  the  sub- 
ject of  Utigation.  The  assessors'  books 
give  the  owners  of  the  property  as  Grant 
and  Ahce  Nil  son,  neither  of  whom  is  a 
resident  of  Boston. 

If  the  owners  do  not  take  measures  to 
shut  the  old  wharf  from  the  street,  Mr. 
Ferreira  and  a  number  of  other  South  End 
residents  say  they  will  appeal  to  the  courts 
in  an  effort  to  secure  a  remedy. 


BOY  SAVES  DROWNING  MAN 
New  York  World 

Johnny  Donivan,  fifteen  years  old,  No. 
2005  Second  avenue,  went  down  to  the 
Battery  yesterday  to  look  for  a  job,  and 
the  only  job  he  found  was  to  save  a  man 
from  drowning.  Johnny  had  no  objection 
to  saving  a  drowning  man,  but  was  much 
disappointed  at  not  finding  work,  for  his  fa- 
ther has  been  out  of  a  job  since  last  Christ- 
mas, and  there  are  eight  in  the  family. 

Daniel  Wilson,  who  has  been  a  deep-sea 
fireman,  went  to  sleep  on  a  pier  and  rolled 
off  into  the  bay,  striking  his  head  on  a  rock. 
Then  he  floated  seaward. 

Johnny  Donivan  jumped  in  after  Wilson. 
With  both  hands  the  fireman  grabbed 
the  boy  so  tightly  around  the  throat  that 
he  almost  squeezed  the  breath  out  of  him. 

Johnny  seized  the  man  around  the  waist, 
was  pulled  under  water  twice,  but  swam 


42 


TYPES   OF  NEWS   WRITING 


with  Wilson  to  the  pier,  where  the  Liberty- 
Island  steamer  makes  fast.  PoUceman 
Joseph  Murry  hauled  them  out. 

John  Brown,  watchman  in  the  Barge 
OflSce,  lent  Johnny  Donivan  his  old  shirt 
and  trousers  while  the  boy's  raiment  was 
drying  in  the  sunshine.  Johnny  said  he  had 
a  place  in  a  picture  frame  store  in  Beaver 
street  until  eight  weeks  ago  when  he  was 
let  out.  The  only  one  in  the  family  work- 
ing is  one  of  Johnny's  sisters,  and  she  earns 
$3  a  week  as  a  dressmaker's  apprentice.  A 
year  ago  he  dived  into  the  East  River  at 
One  Hundred  and  Second  street  and  saved 
a  ten-year-old  boy  from  drowning.  On 
that  occasion  a  pohceman  gave  him  five 
cents  so  he  wouldn't  have  to  walk  home. 


BABY  DROWNS 

Brooklyn  Eagle 

Mrs.  Rose  Stock  left  her  rooms,  on  the 
second  floor  of  550  South  avenue,  at  10 
o'clock  this  morning  to  step  across  the 
street  to  make  some  purchases  at  a  gro- 
cery store.  As  she  closed  the  door,  the 
baby,  Harriet,  3  months  old,  was  sleeping 
quietly  in  its  crib,  and  Louis,  5  years  old, 
with  Dorothy,  3  years  old,  her  other  chil- 
dren, were  playing. 

Scarcely  had  the  mother  gone  when  an 
idea  seized  one  of  the  two.  It  was  probably 
Louis,  although  he  credited  Dorothy  with 
it  when  asked  about  it.  Why  not  take  the 
baby  out  of  its  crib  and  give  it  a  bath  in 
the  tub,  as  they  had  seen  mother  do  so 
often?  It  was  a  brilliant  thought.  So  Louis 
went  and  fetched  the  baby  and  took  it  to 
the  bathroom. 

The  tub  was  full  of  water  and  clothes, 
for  Mrs.  Stock  had  been  washing  there  the 
night  before,  and  had  not  finished  soaking 
the  clothes.  They  set  the  baby  in  the 
water,  which  was  about  a  foot  deep.  The 
baby  gasped,  gurgled  and  was  stiU.  It  did 
not  appear  to  enter  into  the  spirit  of  the 
game  at  all. 

Louis  had  never  seen  the  baby  so  quiet 
before  when  its  mother  bathed  it.  He 
could  not  quite  make  out  just  what  was 
wrong,  but  a  vague  foreboding  that  he  had 


done  something  he  ought  not  to  came  over 
him.  He  ran  out  into  the  hall  and  met  his 
mother  returning  with  her  arms  laden  with 
groceries  for  the  dinner  hour. 

"Oh,  mama!"  he  cried,  "the  baby  is  in 
the  water." 

Mrs.  Stock  ran  up  the  stairs,  but  before 
she  got  there  Mrs.  Rose  Leiser,  a  next-door 
neighbor,  had  lifted  little  Harriet  out  of 
the  tub  and  laid  her  on  the  bed. 

Dr.  Joseph  Strong  of  566  Waite  avenue 
was  called  in  and  tried  artificial  respiration. 
Every  time  he  moved  the  little  arms  a  jet 
of  water  gushed  from  the  baby's  mouth. 
His  efforts  were  in  vain. 

When  a  reporter  called  at  the  little  home 
some  time  later,  Mrs.  Stock  was  seated  in 
one  room  surrounded  by  a  semicircle  of 
sympathizing  neighbors,  and  in  the  next 
room  Louis,  who  has  sunny  Lord  Faunt- 
leroy  curls  and  a  dimpled  face,  was  down 
on  his  knees  looking  through  a  photograph 
album.  He  looked  up  at  the  visitor  with 
steady  blue  eyes  and  a  smile  when  he  was 
asked  who  put  the  baby  in  the  water. 

"Dorey  did,"  he  replied. 

"Where  is  the  baby  now?" 

"I  know,"  he  said.  "It's  on  the  bed. 
It's  sleeping." 

Then  he  turned  to  his  photograph  album, 
but  when  a  search  was  made  for  little 
Dorothy,  he  led  the  way  up  the  stairs  and 
showed  the  visitor  how  to  open  the  door. 

Brown-haired  Dorothy,  with  ear-rings 
in  her  ears,  hid  her  face  behind  the  skirts 
of  a  neighbor.  She  thought  the  man  who 
came  was  going  to  take  her  away  some- 
where, and  she  hung  her  head. 

"Louis  put  the  baby  in  the  water,"  she 
said.  That  was  aU  she  seemed  to  know 
about  it.  Louis  laughed  and  went  back  to 
his  album.  He  could  not  understand  why 
his  mother  was  crying  so  in  the  next  room. 
Wasn't  the  baby  on  the  bed  just  as  she 
had  left  it?         

SHOOTING  ACCIDENT 

Chicago  Tribune 

Elgin,  111.,  Oct.  28.— [Special.]— Walter 
Black,  17  year  old  son  of  August  Black  of 
416  Carroll  street,   came  home  from  a 


FIRES  AND   ACCIDENTS 


43 


hunting  trip  at  7  o'clock  tonight  and  stood 
his  single  barrel  shotgun  up  in  a  corner  of 
the  kitchen. 

"Big  bruvver's  a  sojer,"  hsped  Harold 
Black,  5  years  old. 

"Naw,  there  ain't  any  war  in  Elgin," 
replied  August,  aged  11. 

Walter  went    upstairs    to    change    his 
clothing.   Harold  went  to  the  corner  and 
attempted  to  drag  the  heavy  gun  along. 
t  "Le's  play  sojers,"  he  said. 

"You  ain't  big  enough  to  carry  the  gun," 
retorted  August.   "  Let  me  take  it." 

August  took  the  gun,  swung  it  across  his 
shoulder,  and  marched  around  the  kitchen 
shouting  "Hep!  Hep!"  with  Harold  com- 
posing the  rear  guard  of  the  army. 

"Now  we're  at  the  war,"  sang  out  Au- 
gust. He  turned  suddenly  and  pointed  the 
weapon  at  Harold,  his  finger  on  the  trigger. 
There  was  a  roar  and  a  spit  of  flame.  The 
muzzle  was  only  a  few  inches  from  the  head 
of  the  younger  boy.  He  feU  dead  with  the 
whole  charge  in  his  head. 

Mrs.  Black  ran  to  the  kitchen  and 
fainted  when  she  saw  what  had  happened. 
An  inquest  will  be  held  tomorrow  morn- 
ing at  9  o'clock. 


Note  —  The  following  three  stories  pub- 
lished in  Milwaukee  evening  papers  should  be 
compared  as  different  versions  of  the  same  inci- 
dent in  a  suburb. 

SEARCH  FOR  LOST  CHILD 

(1) 
Milwaukee  Evening  Wisconsin 

WEST  ALLIS,  Oct.  21.— After  2000 
residents  of  West  Allis  had  spent  an  entire 
night  searching  for  Walter,  the  18-months'- 
old  son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ernest  Strong,  5402 
Fargo  avenue,  the  little  fellow  was  found 
sleeping  in  a  coal  bin  in  the  basement  of  the 
home  of  Mrs.  Johanna  Bitter,  Fifty-fourth 
and  Fargo  avenues. 

The  little  lad  had  wandered  away  from 
his  father's  yard  on  Friday  afternoon  and 
reached  the  yard  of  Mrs.  Bitter.  While 
at  play  near  a  basement  window  he  prob- 
ably tumbled  through  to  the  coal  below. 


There  he  slept  soundly  until  early  this 
morning,  when  he  was  found  by  Mrs. 
Bitter  when  she  went  to  the  basement  to 
clean  out  the  bin.  She  picked  the  clnld  up 
and  carried  him  in  her  arms  to  the  home  of 
the  distracted  mother,  who  had  been  wait- 
ing and  watching  all  through  the  night  for 
the  retm-n  of  her  baby. 

With  a  cry  of  joy  she  seized  him  and 
clasped  him  to  her  breast  and  imprinted  kiss 
after  kiss  upon  his  face.  The  father,  who, 
with  a  party  of  neighbors,  had  been  search- 
ing every  corner  of  the  village,  was  notified 
and  hurried  to  his  home  to  see  his  boy.  ■■ 

Walter  was  playing  on  Friday  afternoon 
with  his  brother  Willie  in  the  back  yard 
of  the  home.  About  3  o'clock  Willie  went 
into  the  house,  and  his  mother  asked  where 
Walter  was.  The  brother  told  her  that  he 
was  playing  in  the  yard.  She  was  enter- 
taining visitors  and  forgot  about  the  lad 
until  after  4  o'clock. 

When  she  went  into  the  yard,  the  boy 
was  not  there.  She  searched  through  the 
neighborhoood  for  a  time  and  then  notified 
her  husband,  who  works  at  the  Allis- 
Chalmers  plant.  He  organized  a  searching 
party  and  spent  the  entire  night  with  al- 
most 2000  others  in  trying  to  locate  the 
baby. 

At  first  it  was  feared  that  the  child  had 
been  kidnaped,  as  a  man  with  a  young 
child  was  seen  driving  down  Fargo  avenue 
shortly  after  the  Strong  child  was  missed 
by  the  mother. 

(2) 

Milwaukee  News 

He  was  such  a  little  chap — only  18 
months  old — and  when  he  started  out  yes- 
terday to  take  his  pedestrian  exercises,  in 
which  he  had  not  progressed  very  far,  he 
met  with  a  mishap  in  tumbling  through  the 
basement  window  of  a  neighbor's  house 
into  the  coal  bin. 

His  parents,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ernest 
Strong,  Fiftyfourth  and  Fargo  avenues, 
called  him  Bootsie.  When  Bootsie  found 
himself  in  a  pile  of  coal,  it  tickled  his  child- 
ish fancy  to  learn  what  beautiful  black 
marks  the  coal  made  on  his  hands.    ..- 


44 


TYPES   OF   NEWS   WRITING 


He  tired  of  playing  with  the  coal,  rolled 
over  and  went  sound  asleep.  Then  the 
trouble  started.  An  older  brother  who  had 
been  left  in  the  yard  to  watch  the  baby, 
came  into  the  house  alone. 

"Where's  Bootsie?"  the  mother  asked. 

The  little  fellow  shook  his  head  and  said 
he  didn't  know.  The  mother  ran  to  the 
yard.  No  Bootsie  was  in  sight.  Inquiries 
were  made  among  the  neighbors.  Then 
the  news  of  the  mysterious  disappearance 
of  Bootsie  traveled  from  mouth  to  mouth 
until  West  AUis  became  aroused. 

Deputy  sheriffs  got  busy;  the  West  Allis 
police  force  was  brought  out;  neighbors, 
relatives  and  friends  to  the  number  of  al- 
most 1,000  gathered  near  the  home. 

The  father  came  home  to  supper,  learned 
of  his  son's  disappearance  and  was  puzzled. 
Mrs.  Strong  wept  and  at  times  was  on  the 
verge  of  hysteria.  Women  called  and  tried 
to  comfort  her. 

Then  a  searching  party  of  many  hundred 
started  over  the  territory,  "with  a  fine 
tooth  comb,"  the  police  said,  to  look  for 
Bootsie. 

Ponds  in  the  neighborhood  were  dragged, 
and  until  far  into  the  night,  lanterns  could 
be  seen  bobbing  over  the  fields,  going  here, 
there,  ever>T\'here,  searching  for  Bootsie 
Walter  Strong,  youngest  son  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Ernest  Strong. 

Then  someone  brought  in  a  clew.  An 
evil-looking  man  with  a  black  mustache 
and  smoking  a  cigarette  was  seen  driving 
through  West  Allis  about  6  o'clock  in  the 
evening.  He  had  a  child  on  his  knees. 

The  child  answered  the  description  of 
Bootsie.  He  was  crying  and  struggling  to 
get  away.  The  black  mustached  man 
leered  at  people  in  driving  by  and  dis- 
appeared. 

The  child  had  been  kidnaped!  There 
was  no  use  denying  it.  Had  not  the  clew 
been  almost  conclusive?  By  midnight  the 
search  for  Bootsie  had  been  abandoned. 
Searchers  returned  home  disheartened. 

About  5  o'clock  this  morning  Mrs.  Jo- 
hanna Bitter,  who  lives  at  5418  Fargo 
avenue  on  property  adjoining  the  Strong 
home,  went  to  the  basement  to  get  some 
potatoes. 


There  on  top  of  the  coal  pile  was  Bootsie 
— he  of  the  mysterious  disappearance — 
sound  asleep,  with  his  mouth  open.  The 
child  was  carried  home  by  Mrs.  Bitter, 
and  when  the  crowd  of  last  night's  search- 
ers called  at  the  Strong  home  again  this 
morning,  it  was  met  by  the  wide-eyed  Boot- 
sie, munching  on  a  cookie,  with  evidence 
of  coal  dust  still  lingering  in  his  golden 
hair. 

(3) 

Milwaukee  Journal 

If  Walter  Strong,  18  months,  5402  Fargo- 
av.  West  Allis,  were  to  try  and  make  up 
during  the  next  four  years  the  sleep  that 
he  caused  to  be  lost  Friday  night,  he  would 
fail.  It  would  be  impossible  because  2,000 
nights  o'  sleep  went  a-glimmering  in  the 
twelve  hours  of  darkness. 

But  that  doesn't  worry  Walter  Strong, 
18  months.  Not  at  all.  That  sleep  didn't 
belong  to  him,  but  was  the  property  of 
2,000  neighbors. 

Friday  afternoon,  when  the  baby's 
father,  Ernest  Strong,  was  at  work  in  the 
Allis-Chalmers  plant  and  his  mother,  Mrs. 
Anna  Strong,  was  busy  with  her  household 
duties,  yoimg  Walter  toddled  out  into  the 
yard  in  front  of  his  home.  That  yard,  the 
street  beyond  and  the  highways  and  by- 
ways that  Walter  could  indistinctly  see 
stretching  out  before  him,  were  to  him 
as  were  the  unexplored  new  worlds  to 
Columbus. 

It  was  3  p.  m.  when  Walter  began  his 
journey.  At  6  p.  m.  he  had  not  returned. 
Strong  had  come  home;  the  mother  had 
noticed  that  her  baby  was  missing,  and  a 
search  was  begun.  At  9  p.  m.  Walter  was 
still  missing.  An  alarm  was  spread  in  the 
neighborhood. 

Then  the  search  began.  The  good  neigh- 
bors of  West  Allis  scurried  to  and  fro,  lis- 
tening to  stories  of  kidnaping,  following 
various  clews,  telling  of  strange  men  seen 
in  the  neighborhood  and,  altogether,  cre- 
ating intense  excitement.  This  lasted  un- 
til 6  a.  m.  Saturday. 

What  Baby  Walter  thought  as  he  tod- 
dled out  of  his  yard  cannot  be  told,  for 


FIRES   AND   ACCIDENTS 


45 


Walter  is  unable  to  say.  He  walked  up 
Fargo-av  until  he  observed  a  peculiar — to 
him — scene.  To  most  of  us  it  would  have 
been  an  ordinary  cottage  at  5418  Fargo- 
av,  the  home  of  Mrs.  Johanna  Bitter,  but 
to  Walter  there  was  a  great  cavern  under- 
neath a  pile  of  wood.  This  cavern  had  a 
screen  across  the  mouth,  and,  peering 
through,  Walter  could  see  a  pUe  of  dark 
stuff.  To  others  that  would  have  been  a 
cellar  filled  with  coal. 

Walter  was  highly  interested  in  his  dis- 
covery and  began  to  pry  at  the  screen. 
Ah!  the  screen  moved!  It  opened!  Walter 
pushed  his  head  inside  and  gazed  about. 
Then  he  tumbled  in. 

Perhaps  he  cried  a  little  when  he  fell, 
but  if  he  did  no  one  heard  him.  He  soon 
reconciled   himself   to   his   imprisonment 


and  began  playing  with  objects  at  hand. 
Soon,  however,  he  became  sleepy  and  what 
makes  a  better  bed  than  a  large  pile  of 
potato  sacks? 

So  while  his  frantic  parents  and  the 
neighbors  were  searching  for  him.  Baby 
Walter  slept  peacefully  wdthin  a  few  hun- 
dred feet  of  home  and  mother. 

Early  Saturday  Mrs.  Bitter,  who  lives 
alone,  entered  her  cellar  to  get  some  pota- 
toes for  breakfast.  She  carried  no  light, 
and  when  she  neared  the  bin,  stumbled 
over  the  sacks.  The.  baby  cried  out. 
That  ended  his  trip. 

When  Baby  Walter  sat  on  his  father's 
knee  Saturday  morning  calmly  munching  a 
biscuit,  he  blinked  and  smiled.  The  father 
and  mother  were  busy  thanking  the  neigh- 
bors for  their  interest  and  assistance. 


CHAPTER  IV 

POLICE  NEWS  AND   CKIME 

Tjrpe  of  story.  Since  police  news  ranges  from  slight  misdemeanors  to  the 
most  serious  of  crimes  such  as  murder  and  suicide,  it  offers  widely  different 
material  for  news  stories.  Because  of  the  general  interest  in  the  material 
with  which  stories  of  crime  deal,  the  purely  informative  story  is  sufficient  in 
itself  to  insure  reading  (cf.  "Burglary,"  p.  54,  and  "Murder  of  Business 
Man,"  p.  59).  The  strong  personal  element  in  stories  of  wrong-doing  gives 
occasion  for  effective  human  interest  presentation  in  the  informative  story 
(cf.  "Forgery,"  p.  d9,  and  "Street  Car  Bandit,"  p.  57).  Amusing  aspects 
of  minor  offenses,  and  even  of  burglary,  hold-ups,  or  fraud,  often  furnish 
inspiration  for  humorous  treatment  (cf.  "Charged  with  Intoxication,"  p.  48, 
and  "Hold-up,"  p.  57). 

Purpose.  In  no  other  kind  of  news  should  the  effect  of  the  story  on  the 
reader  receive  more  careful  consideration  than  in  news  of  crime.  The  evil 
effects  of  news  stories  of  criminal  acts  on  many  readers  have  already  been 
pointed  out  (cf.  p.  8).  That  these  destructive  influences  can  be  offset 
to  a  considerable  extent  by  constructive  handling  of  news  has  also  been 
shown.  In  order  that  the  crime  story  may  have  a  deterrent  effect,  the  crime 
must  be  shown  to  be  wrong,  even  though  the  wrong-doer  deserves  some 
sympathy.  The  results  of  wrong-doing,  not  only  in  the  form  of  legal  punish- 
ment imposed  but  in  the  remorse  and  the  pangs  of  guilty  conscience  that  the 
wrong-doer  suffers,  as  well  as  in  the  disgrace  that  he  brings  to  others  through 
his  criminal  acts,  when  emphasized  in  news  stories  tend  to  deter  others 
from  risking  the  dangers  of  such  penalties. 

Constructive  presentation  of  crime  news  may  also  include  emphasis  on 
underlying  causes  and  responsibility,  especially  when  these  can  be  traced  to 
bad  conditions  in  the  community  or  in  society  as  a  whole,  since  such  em- 
phasis leads  readers  to  consider  the  necessity  for  changing  the  conditions 
that  are  directly  or  indirectly  responsible  for  the  criminal  acts.  In  so  far  as 
the  criminal  is  the  victim  of  these  circumstances  it  may  be  legitimate  to 
create  a  sympathetic  understanding  of  his  act  (cf.  "Hold-up,"  p.  56,  and 
"Story  of  Escaped  Convict,"  p.  68). 

A  danger  in  writing  stories  of  crime  lies  in  creating  sympathy  for  the 


POLICE  NEWS   AND   CRIME 


47 


undeserving  wrong-doer  by  a  sentimental  treatment  of  him  and  his  act. 
By  making  more  or  less  of  a  hero  of  him,  news  stories  may  lead  undiscrimi- 
nating  readers  to  regard  him  and  his  crime  as  not  unworthy  of  emulation. 
There  is  also  a  temptation  in  writing  crime  stories  to  sacrifice  truth  and 
accuracy  of  detail  in  order  to  secure  greater  picturesqueness  or  stronger 
dramatic  situations,  but  such  treatment  is  an  indefensible  deviation  from 
the  fundamental  duty  of  presenting  the  news  fairly  and  accurately. 

Whatever  influence  a  story  of  crime  may  have  on  the  reader  should  be 
the  result  of  the  reporter's  selection  and  presentation  of  the  actual  facts. 
Morahzing  or  "  editoriahzing "  concerning  the  facts  is  not  only  unnecessary 
but  undesirable  in  news  stories. 

Treatment.  Dramatic  narrative  and  vivid  description,  when  true  to  the 
facts  of  the  news,  are  both  legitimate  and  commendable.  It  is  important 
to  keep  consistently  to  one  point  of  view  in  arranging  and  presenting  the 
details,  particularly  in  constructive  stories.  Available  material  for  making 
the  narration  and  the  description  effective  includes  confessions,  interviews 
with  witnesses  and  persons  involved,  and  clues  to  the  identity  of  the  perpe- 
trator or  to  the  solution  of  any  mysterious  phases  of  the  crime.  Fairness 
requires  that  persons  accused  of  wrong-doing  as  well  as  their  accusers  be 
given  a  hearing  in  news  stories.  It  must  also  be  remembered  that  a  person 
accused  of  crime  is  not  a  criminal  unless  he  has  been  convicted;  until  he 
has  been  found  guilty,  he  is  described  as  an  "alleged"  criminal,  or  is  said 
to  be  "charged"  with  the  crime. 

Contents.  In  police  news  and  crime  stories  details  of  significance  are: 
(1)  number  of  lives  destroyed  or  endangered;  (2)  names  of  victims;  (3) 
names  of  persons  charged  with  the  crime;  (4)  arrests  of  suspects  and  detention 
of  witnesses;  (5)  clues  to  the  identity  of  the  perpetrators  when  these  are 
not  known;  (6)  causes,  motives,  and  responsibihty,  known  or  conjectured; 
(7)  amount  and  character  of  loss;  (8)  methods  employed  in  commission  of 
the  crime;  (9)  measures  to  prevent  similar  crimes. 


BOY  RUNS  AWAY 

Chicago  Herald 

Somewhere  between  Chicago  and  Lans- 
ing, Mich.,  Harvey  L.  New,  a  fair-haired 
boy  of  14,  is  wandering  along  the  dusty 
roads  carrying  a  nightcap,  a  pocket  full  of 
feed  and  Sarah  Jane,  a  stub-toed  chicken. 

In  his  boyish  heart  he  carries  a  love  for 


his  chicken,  the  life  of  which  he  felt  bound 
to  save  at  the  cost  of  his  home. 

Harvey  visits  his  grandfather's  farm  near 
Lansing  every  simimer.  A  year  ago  his 
grandmother  presented  him  with  Sarah 
Jane,  then  only  three  weeks  old. 

He  brought  the  chicken  to  his  home  at 
4969  Prairie  avenue  and  built  a  coop  in 
the  back  yard.   Every  morning  he  arose 


48 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


early  and  fed  and  fondled  the  chicken. 
When  he  returned  from  school  his  first 
thought  was  for  Sarah  Jane. 

One  night  last  winter  the  cold  pene- 
trated the  cellar  where  he  kept  her  and 
froze  off  her  toes.  He  nursed  her  until  she 
got  well. 

As  time  went  on  his  love  for  the  chicken 
grew.  The  chicken  also  grew,  until  one  day 
Harvey's  parents  jokingly  remarked  that 
she  was  getting  large  enough  for  a  stew. 

Harvey  shuddered,  but  said  nothing. 
Last  Sunday  his  parents  again  threatened 
to  sacrifice  his  pet. 

Early  Monday  morning,  when  Harvey's 
father  entered  the  boy's  room,  he  found 
his  son  gone.  In  the  mud  beneath  the  bed- 
room window  he  saw  footprints.  He  made 
a  search  about  the  house. 

Then  he  noticed  that  Sarah  Jane  also 
was  gone,  likewise  a  coop  that  Harvey  had 
made  from  an  old  fruit  crate.  The  boy's 
nightcap,  presented  to  him  by  his  grand- 
mother, also  was  missing.  Harvey  has  not 
been  heard  from  since. 

"I  beheve  the  boy  actually  thought  I 
was  going  to  kill  his  beloved  pet,"  said  his 
broken-hearted  father,  James  New,  yester- 
day. "He  probably  will  try  to  make  his 
way  to  the  home  of  his  grandparents  in 
Michigan.  He  loved  his  grandmother  more 
than  an3^body  else  in  the  world,  with  the 
possible  exception  of  Sarah  Jane." 

When  Harvey  left  he  wore  a  gray  suit, 
a  brown  overcoat  and  a  blue  cap.  He 
stammers  slightly  when  excited. 

Harvey's  father  has  promised  that  Sarah 
Jane  never  will  be  made  into  stew. 


"ASLEEP  AT  THE  SWITCH" 

New  York  Times 

Frank  H.  Thompson  of  981  West  Fifty- 
second  Street,  who  runs  an  elevator  on 
ordinary  days,  took  a  day  off  yesterday  and 
celebrated  so  heartily  that,  when  he  tried 
to  buy  a  ticket  to  the  Crescent  Theatre,  a 
moving  picture  and  vaudeville  house  at 
1,175  Boston  Road,  the  Bronx,  at  6:30 
o'clock  last  evening,  they  refused  to  admit 
him.    Thompson  then  strolled  down  an 


alley  leading  to  the  stage  entrance,  and 
finding  no  one  at  the  door,  stepped  inside, 
leaned  heavily  against  the  waU,  and  went 
to  sleep. 

Inside  the  theatre,  where  600  persons 
were  gathered  to  watch  the  election  re- 
turns, which  were  flashed  on  the  screen 
between  acts,  there  was  great  excite- 
ment, for  all  the  lights  went  out,  even 
those  of  the  electric  sign  outside  the  place. 
Thompson  had  leaned  against  the  master 
switch. 

They  found  him  there,  turned  the  lights 
up  again  and  turned  him  over  to  Policeman 
Fitzgerald,  who  locked  him  up  in  the  Mor- 
risania  Station. 


CHARGED  WITH  INTOXICATION 

New  York  World 

Business  has  been  bad  with  Isaac  Ein- 
stein, who  keeps  a  "gents'"  clothing  and 
furnishing  emporimn,  No.  918  Paris  avenue, 
the  Bronx. 

To  encom-age  trade  he  marked  down  his 
goods  untU  it  was  a  shame  to  take  them  at 
the  prices  he  asked.  The  gilded  youth  of 
the  Bronx  could  buy  of  Einstein  a  suit  of 
evening  clothes  "hke  King  Edward  wears, 
$2.98:  reduced  from  $29.80."  Still,  nobody 
would  buy  the  suit. 

The  lack  of  customers  made  Einstein  de- 
spondent. It  is  suspected  that  yesterday 
he  sought  to  drown  his  low  spirits  in  others. 
After  a  rather  long  absence  he  returned  to 
his  store  and  began  to  act  as  if  the  thought 
had  struck  him,  "If  I  can't  sell  'em  I  can 
give  'em  away." 

Einstein  pulled  in  the  first  man  that 
came  along  and  made  him  a  present  of  a 
pair  of  trousers. 

"They  cost  me  $4  wholesale,"  said  Ein- 
stein, tearfully.  "I  can't  sell  'em  for  $1.50. 
You've  got  fine  legs;  you  will  show  off  this 
check  well.  Take  'em,  my  friend,  take  'em. 
But  take  my  advice,  too.  You  are  a  mar- 
ried man?  Yes.  You  have  children?  Yes. 
Don't  wear  'em  in  the  house  when  the 
babies  are  asleep." 

To  the  next  man  Einstein  gave  "a  real 
Panama  straw  hat"  knocked  down  from 


POLICE  NEWS   AND   CRIME 


49 


$19  to  90  cents;  to  the  third  a  suit  of  near- 
silk  underwear  such  as  "the  Sultan  wears 
when  he  goes  visiting." 

In  a  very  short  time  500  men  and  boys 
were  scuffling  to  get  into  the  store.  Patrol- 
man Buck  could  not  restrain  the  mob,  and 
sent  for  the  reserves  of  the  Alexander 
avenue  police  station. 

"At  last  I  have  a  bargain  crowd,"  cried 
Einstein.   "See  what  a  rush." 

Einstein  thoughtlessly  left  his  store. 
Policeman  Buck  grabbed  him,  charged  him 
with  intoxication  and  locked  him  up.  Then 
Buck  locked  up  the  store. 


SWINDLE 

New  York  Tribune 

Frederick  A.  White,  fifty-six  years  old, 
who  says  he  is  a  broker  and  lives  at  No. 
345  West  116th  street,  was  arrested  yester- 
day by  Detectives  Fitzsimmons  and  Flood, 
of  the  District  Attorney's  office,  charged 
with  swindling  James  H.  Burns,  of  Knox- 
ville,  Tenn.,  out  of  lumber  land  in  Marion, 
N.  C,  worth  $65,000. 

Burns  says  that  through  fraud  and  mis- 
representation White  obtained  possession 
of  the  deeds  to  the  property  on  May  10. 
Burns  became  suspicious,  and,  coming  to 
this  city,  went  to  Police  Headquarters, 
where,  according  to  the  police,  he  picked 
out  White's  picture,  No.  4,391,  in  the 
Rogues'  Gallery.  He  then  communicated 
with  the  District  Attorney's  office,  and 
the  alleged  swindler  was  arrested  in  the 
office  of  W.  E.  Wells  &  Co.,  lumber  dealers, 
at  No.  29  Broadway. 

Burns,  who  is  staying  at  the  Hoffman 
House,  is  the  owner  of  extensive  lumber 
lands  in  South  Carolina.  He  came  to  this 
city  in  January,  and  advertised  in  an  organ 
of  the  lumber  trade  that  he  had  some  prop- 
erty for  sale.  He  says  White,  representing 
himself  as  a  broker,  called  on  him  in  an- 
swer to  the  advertisement,  and  said  he  had 
a  prospective  purchaser  of  the  land.  He 
introduced  Burns  to  Frederick  A.  Cannon, 
who  lives  in  The  Bronx,  as  the  ostensible 
purchaser.  The  negotiations  which  fol- 
lowed were  completed  in  Washington. 


Burns  was  to  receive  two  bonds  for 
$25,000  each  and  three  notes  for  $5,000 
each,  he  says.  The  bonds,  he  understood, 
were  guaranteed  by  a  trust  company  of 
this  city.  The  notes  were  for  three,  five 
and  seven  months. 

Shortly  after  the  transfer  of  the  property 
to  Cannon  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  the 
Standard  Lumber  Company,  of  which 
White  is  president  and  Cannon  is  vice- 
president.  Burns  says  he  tried  to  get  pos- 
session of  the  $25,000  bonds  but  failed, 
notwithstanding  repeated  demands. 

When  the  first  note  fell  due,  on  August 
20,  Burns  did  not  receive  the  $5,000.  Then 
the  man  from  Tennessee  grew  suspicious, 
and  on  investigation  he  learned  that  the 
bonds  were  not  guaranteed.  He  learned 
also,  he  says,  that  the  Standard  Lumber 
Company  consisted  of  three  shares  valued 
at  $5  each. 

The  title  to  the  land  subsequently 
changed  hands  again,  this  time  to  the 
Southern  Lumber  Company. 

White  was  arrested,  the  police  say,  about 
five  years  ago,  under  the  name  of  Wilce. 


FORGERY 

Kansas  City  Star 

Sister  sick.  No  w^ork.  Money  gone. 
Everything  that  could  be  pawned  or  sold 
outright  gone.  Then  Laura  Walsington, 
20  years  old,  14  West  Thirty-second  Street, 
took  to  forgery. 

That  was  in  July.  Since  then  she  has 
cashed  forged  checks  for  sums  from  $15  to 
$75.  She  was  arrested  this  morning,  was 
taken  to  police  headquarters  and  there 
confessed. 

Slumped  down  in  a  chair  in  the  office  of 
Larry  Ghent,  chief  of  detectives,  she  wept 
bitterly. 

"Sister  and  I  were  living  together,"  she 
said.  "Then  she  got  sick.  She  had  to  go 
to  a  hospital  and  be  operated  on.  We  had 
a  little  money,  but  that  soon  went.  Then 
I  pawned  everything  I  had,  and  then  ev- 
erything Sis  had.  Then  those  things  were 
gone.  Then  I  lost  my  position.  I  was  des- 
perate." 


so 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


After  that,  she  said,  she  decided  on 
forgery. 

On  receipts  for  supplies  of  butter  and 
eggs,  she  had  the  name  of  a  dairyman  of 
Parkton,  Kas.  After  practicing  the  name 
until  proficiency  had  been  acquired,  she 
telephoned  to  a  Lakeview  bank  to  inquire 
if  the  dairyman's  checks  were  good.  In- 
formed they  were,  she  began,  July  23,  to 
cash  checks,  signed  in  his  name.  The 
Eagle  Clothing  Company,  the  Smith  Gar- 
ment Company  and  the  WUson  Coal  & 
Coke  Company  all  cashed  checks  for  her 
aggregating  $119. 

The  name  of  the  physician  who  had  at- 
tended her  sister  was  next.  After  practice, 
Miss  Walsington  issued  checks  signed  in  his 
name  for  sums  totalling  $170.  The  checks 
were  cashed  at  the  London  Cloak  Com- 
pany, Peck's,  French  Cloak  and  Suit  Com- 
pany and  the  Mond  Suit  Company. 

Then,  November  10,  Miss  Walsington, 
in  a  downtown  bank,  found  a  deposit  slip 
signed  in  a  woman's  name.  After  practicing 
the  signature,  she  telephoned  the  bank,  in- 
quiring if  checks  by  that  name  would  be 
honored.  She  drew  and  cashed  checks  on 
the  woman  for  a  total  of  $45. 

Miss  Walsington  was  arrested  at  the 
Wilson  Coal  and  Coke  Company  this 
morning.  She  was  recognized  as  having 
previously  cashed  bad  checks  there  and 
detained  until  the  arrival  of  two  detectives. 

"I'U  pay  it  all  back,"  she  cried  in  Chief 
Ghent's  office.  "Only  give  me  another 
chance.  Why,  I've  been  respectable  all  my 
life  until  tliis  happened." 

She  is  being  held. 


WORTHLESS  CHECKS 

Topeka  Capital 

Frank  Green  and  Ruth  Blair  were  child- 
hood sweethearts  at  New  Rapids,  Kansas. 
Five  years  ago,  when  both  were  16  years 
old,  Ruth  married  a  man  named  Bird,  13 
years  her  senior.  The  bride  moved  away 
while  Frank  remained  in  high  school  and 
tried  to  forget. 

Frank  developed  into  a  youthful  speaker. 
A  year  ago  last  September  on  Labor  day, 


Green,  then  20  years  old,  delivered  the 
labor  oration  before  1,500  persons  at  New 
Rapids.  Then  he  went  to  Baker  univer- 
sity. Young  Green  played  in  several  games 
with  the  Baker  football  team  and  was  ac- 
tive in  the  debating  societies.  He  returned 
to  his  home  in  June  to  find  his  former  sweet- 
heart back  in  New  Rapids.  Her  fife  with 
Bird  had  been  unhappy  and  she  had  se- 
cured a  divorce. 

The  old  friendship  was  renewed.  In  a 
few  weeks  the  two  were  married  in  Atchi- 
son, "on  the  sly,"  as  Green  said,  because 
his  parents  did  not  approve  of  the  match. 
With  a  few  hundred  dollars  the  happy 
couple  left  New  Rapids  to  make  their  way. 
First  Green  tried  getting  subscriptions  for 
magazines.  This  failing,  other  propositions 
were  tried  in  various  towns,  including  St. 
Joseph  and  Kansas  City.  The  store  of  dol- 
lars dwindled  untU,  when  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Green  reached  Topeka  from  LawTence, 
where  they  had  looked  vainly  for  work, 
only  $3  remained.  That  was  a  week  ago 
Saturday. 

Still  optimistic.  Green  took  his  wife  to 
the  Fifth  Avenue  hotel,  confident  that  he 
could  find  work  and  meet  expenses.  But 
work  was  lacking.  Green  says.  Meanwhile 
Frank  Long,  manager  of  the  Fifth  Avenue 
hotel,  suggested  several  times  to  Green 
that  his  bUl  had  not  been  paid. 

Completely  discouraged  Thursday, 
Green  cashed  several  small  checks  not 
good.  That  night  two  suit  cases  were 
lowered  by  a  rope  to  the  street  from  the 
room  occupied  by  the  Greens.  Then  the 
yoimg  husband  led  his  wife  through  the 
hotel  lobby  "to  find  a  dentist  to  help  her 
toothache,"  as  he  explained  to  the  night 
clerk.  The  two  went  to  the  Santa  Fe  sta- 
tion and  boarded  train  No.  117,  Oklahoma 
City  bound.  J 

A  telegram  from  Sheriff  L.  L.  Kiene  ar-     ^ 
rived  ahead  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Green.  When 
they  entered  the  Oklahoma  City  station 
they  were  arrested. 

"We  were  taken  to  the  city  jail  like 
murderers,"  said  Green. 

Saturday  Sheriff  Kiene  arrived.  The  re- 
turn trip  was  ended  last  night,  when  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Green  slept  in  the  county  jail. 


POLICE  NEWS   AND   CRIME 


51 


Penitent  would  hardly  describe  the  feel- 
ing of  the  two  as  expressed  to  big-hearted 
Sheriflf  Kiene.  Pretty  Mrs.  Green  was 
nearly  a  nervous  wreck  from  the  continued 
uncertainty  and  the  shocks.  Apparently  it 
is  the  first  affair  with  the  law  for  either. 

"My  record  has  been  clear,"  said  Green. 
"I  never  have  been  arrested  before.  One 
hallowe'en  night  they  almost  got  me,  but  I 
outran  the  cop." 

How  the  present  escapade  will  end,  is  not 
known.  Last  night  Green  prayed  for  an- 
other chance  for  his  wife  and  himself. 

"I  wUl  make  good,"  he  said. 


Note  —  How,  with  additional  information, 
a  striking  follow-up  story  can  be  written  a  few 
hours  after  the  first  story  was  published  is  well 
illustrated  by  the  following  two  stories,  the  first 
of  which  appeared  in  the  Saturday  evening  edi- 
tion and  the  second  in  the  Sunday  morning  edi- 
tion of  the  same  paper. 

EMBEZZLEMENT 

(1) 

Kansas  City  Star,  Saturday  evening 
edition 

John  E.  Jones,  jr.,  formerly  a  clerk  at 
the  Merchants  Bank,  which  day  before 
yesterday  was  absorbed  by  the  Commercial 
Trust  Company,  is  being  detained  at  police 
headquarters  this  afternoon  pending  an  in- 
vestigation of  his  accounts.  He  is  about 
22  years  old  and  is  married.  It  was  asserted 
there  was  a  discrepancy  amounting  to 
something  hke  $9,000. 

The  difference  was  found  when  an  audit 
of  the  books  of  the  Merchants  Bank  was 
made  in  turning  over  its  money,  books  and 
business  to  the  Commercial  Trust  Com- 
pany. 

In  a  statement  made  to  the  police  this 
afternoon  young  Jones  told  a  queer  story. 
He  admitted  falsifying  the  books  for  an 
amount  he  calculated  to  be  about  $9,800. 
But  he  said  that  he  received  only  about 
$500  of  that  amount,  the  rest  going  to  a 
lawyer  friend.  The  lawyer  is  being  de- 
tained and  questioned  this  afternoon  in  the 
office  of  Larry  Ghent,  chief  of  detectives. 


There  is  some  doubt  as  to  whether  the 
lawyer  would  be  criminally  liable  although 
he  got  most  of  the  money. 

Jones  lives  at  4510  Walker  St.  He  did 
not  dissipate  or  spend  recklessly  and  it  is 
believed  he  can  restore  the  greater  part  of 
the  money. 

This  was  the  method  of  the  bookkeeper 
and  his  lawyer  friend.  The  friend  wrote 
checks  on  an  account  he  had  in  the  Mer- 
chants Bank.  When  the  canceled  checks 
appeared  at  the  Merchants  Bank  from  the 
clearing  house  to  be  charged  against  the 
lawyer's  account,  they  first  went  to  Jones, 
whose  task  at  the  bank  gave  him  that  op- 
portunity. He  held  out  those  checks  and 
destroyed  them.  He  covered  the  discrep- 
ancy by  making  a  false  entry  on  his  books. 

Jones  says  he  received  $160  at  one  time 
with  which  he  purchased  a  motor  cycle, 
but  the  rest  of  his  share  went  to  him,  he 
says,  in  comparatively  small  amounts. 

Young  Jones  told  the  police  that  he  had 
been  forced  by  the  lawyer  to  keep  up  the 
system  of  destroying  checks  and  falsifying 
the  books  after  once  he  started,  for  fear  of 
being  exposed.  The  bookkeeper  said  that 
he  first  fell  into  the  clutches  of  the  lawyer 
when  the  attorney  representing  an  install- 
ment furniture  house,  threatened  to  take 
back  the  furniture  he  had  partly  paid  for. 
A  payment  was  due  on  it  and  the  book- 
keeper could  not  meet  it.  He  says  the  law- 
yer proposed  the  scheme  for  destroying  the 
checks  and  falsifying  the  accounts.  Once 
he  started,  Jones  said,  his  master  made 
him  keep  it  up.  The  amounts  of  the  checks 
at  first  were  comparatively  small,  but  they 
kept  getting  larger  until  one  day  the  lawj^er 
compelled  him  to  put  over  a  check  for 
$2,000. 

At  3:30  o'clock  this  afternoon  the  police 
were  still  investigating  the  lawyer.  He 
cashed  the  checks,  but  was  in  no  way  con- 
nected with  the  bank. 

(2) 

Kansas  City  Star,  Sunday  morning  edition 

After  drifting  in  a  current  that  both 
knew  must  lead  to  wrack  and  ruin,  two 
Kansas  City  men  are  on  the  rocks  today. 


52 


TYPES   OF  NEWS   WRITING 


One  is  Henry  A.  Black,  47,  smart  lawyer 
and  man  of  affairs.  His  companion  in  dis- 
honor is  John  E.  Jones,  jr.,  21,  a  paUid 
bank  bookkeeper. 

Accompanied  by  detectives  and  lawyers, 
Black  went  to  his  offices  in  the  Commercial 
Building  yesterday  afternoon  and  produced 
from  his  safe  cancelled  checks  totalling 
$9,800.  The  checks,  drawn  on  his  account 
at  the  Merchants  Bank,  had  been  paid  by 
the  bank  but  never  charged  against  him. 
Jones,  the  tool  in  this  game  of  foolish 
finance,  pocketed  them  as  they  came  in. 

Around  Black  were  men  in  whose  class 
the  law>-er  had  only  recently  counted  him- 
self. They  were  all  staring  at  him.  He  felt 
the  need  of  explanation.    He  spoke  slowly: 

"I  was  vmder  a  great  financial  strain 
and  I  had  to  resort  to  methods  of  raising 
money  that  otherwise  I  never  would  have 
used." 

He  said  nothing  more  and  the  little 
group  returned  to  poUce  headquarters. 
Black  and  the  young  bookkeeper,  who  for 
months  had  juggled  the  law>'er-promoter's 
account  at  the  bank,  were  held  in  jail  over 
night.  Tomorrow  both  will  be  charged 
with  a  felony,  the  prosecutor  said  last  night. 

Black  is  a  church  member  and  was  for 
many  years  a  Sunday  school  teacher.  He 
is  a  cold  man  and  even  his  close  friends 
have  known  only  in  a  general  way  about 
his  business  affairs.  He  was  an  exceptional 
scholar.  In  the  last  ten  years  he  has  not 
practiced  much  at  the  law,  but  has  sought 
to  promote  telephone  corporations  and  large 
land  businesses.  He  has  a  lot  of  that  force 
that  is  sometimes  called  character  but 
more  often  described  as  personahty.  He 
was  the  first  man  possessed  of  any  con- 
siderable personal  magnetism  who  ever 
came  into  the  life  of  John  Jones,  bank 
clerk. 

The  man  of  affairs  began  to  notice 
Jones  months  ago  and  Jones  glowed  under 
the  attention.  IMarried  at  18  to  a  girl  a 
year  his  junior,  earning  for  a  time  $35  a 
month,  while  his  wife  added  to  this  by 
wages  from  a  wholesale  coffee  house,  Jones 
had  had  a  dull  life.  He  had  been  graduated 
from  a  grade  school  at  14  and  gone  through 
a  business  college.    Several  jobs  followed 


and  he  finally  worked  in  one  bank  until  his 
salary  was  raised  to  $50  a  month.  After 
that  he  helped  his  father  in  a  grocery  and 
then  went  to  work  for  the  Merchants  Bank 
for  $70  a  month.  When  that  bank  was 
absorbed  by  the  Commercial  Trust  Com- 
pany last  week,  he  was  getting  $75. 

This  was  the  young  bookkeeper,  pallid, 
unassuming,  rather  thin  chested,  beside 
whose  place  at  the  bank  railing  Black,  one 
of  the  bank's  customers,  stopped  one  morn- 
ing. 

Black  asked  how  his  checks  totaled. 
The  bookkeeper,  returning  in  a  moment, 
told  him  his  account  would  be  overdrawn 
$110.  Black  thanked  him,  said  he  would 
go  out  and  get  the  money,  and  passed  a 
10-cent  cigar  over  the  railing. 

Many  times  this  happened,  Jones  said 
yesterday.  His  pocket  was  quite  used  to 
the  "feel"  of  one  or  two  good  cigars  by 
now. 

Then  one  day  Jones,  the  bank  clerk, 
needed  a  friend.  He  had  lost  a  little  home 
out  on  Walker  Avenue  which  he  had  sought 
to  buy  on  installments.  Now  an  install- 
ment house  was  threatening  him  for  furni- 
ture purchased. 

Well,  he  guessed  he  had  a  friend,  a 
lawyer-friend,  too.  His  intimacy  with  the 
man,  whom  he  considered  one  of  the  bank's 
best  customers,  had  grown.  Black  now 
was  trusting  the  bookkeeper  to  notify  him 
whenever  that  exasperating  account  was 
about  to  be  overdra'^vTi. 

Jones  was  not  disappointed.  The  install- 
ment people  were  placated.  In  one  inter- 
view his  friend  of  the  10-cent  cigars  ar- 
ranged a  basis  of  settlement  and  even 
advanced  the  first  payment  of  $7.50. 

This  was  the  story  that  Jones  told  yes- 
terday to  a  roomful  of  law\-ers,  bankers  and 
bond  company  representatives,  and  to  one 
woman — the  little  girl  who  had  married 
him  at  17. 

In  the  next  chapter  it  was  his  benefactor 
who  needed  a  favor. 

It  was  in  the  power  of  the  bank  book- 
keeper, the  financial  weakling,  to  favor  the 
man  of  affairs.  Black  had  wTitten  more 
checks  than  he  could  meet.  He  wanted  a 
check  for  $100  held  out  for  a  day.  It  would 


POLICE   NEWS   AND   CRIME 


53 


be  easy  for  the  bookkeeper  to  slip  it  from 
the  pile  that  came  in  from  the  clearing 
house.  Of  course,  the  man  of  affairs  might 
ask  Mr.  White,  the  cashier.  But  some- 
times Mr.  White  was  willing  to  favor  and 
sometimes  not.  It  depended  a  good  deal 
on  how  he  felt.  And  this  was  important. 

That  $100  check  was  not  made  good 
the  next  day.  It  went  over  to  the  "next 
day." 

Others,  at  the  insistance  of  the  man  of 
affairs,  were  added  to  this. 

The  picture  Jones  drew  in  the  minds  of 
those  that  heard  him  was  of  a  nervous 
young  man,  hurrying  from  the  bank  to 
the  office  of  the  man  of  affairs  and  greeting 
him  with  all  the  apprehension  that  had 
grown  upon  him  every  time  he  looked  at  a 
bank  book. 

"For  God's  sake  get  this  money  and  get 
this  straightened  up." 

"Now,  that's  all  right.  I'll  look  after 
this." 

And  after  a  few  minutes  Jones  would  be 
surprised  to  find  himself  picking  up  some 
of  the  other's  confidence.  He  would  go 
back  to  his  post  confident  that  the  money 
would  soon  be  raised  and  his  duplicity  to- 
ward his  employers  wiped  away. 

Jones  would  get  such  messages  as  these: 

"Meet  me  at  7:30  in  the  morning." 

"Drop  in  at  6  o'clock  at  night." 

"93,  94,  95,  96  are  coming  in.  Take  care 
of  them." 

It  had  reached  $9,800  when  the  prospec- 
tive consolidation  threatened  disclosure. 

Jones  had  the  advice  of  the  man  of 
affairs — to  keep  quiet  and  trust  in  him  as 
his  lawyer. 

When  arrest  came  Friday,  Jones  called 
for  his  lawyer.  The  lawyer  was  at  church. 
The  messenger  reached  the  church  too 
late. 

At  midnight  Black  was  at  police  head- 
quarters. The  police  would  not  let  him  see 
his  young  client.  At  8  o'clock  yesterday 
morning,  and  again  at  10  o'clock.  Black 
was  back  at  the  jail.  But  Jones,  under  the 
sweating  of  the  detectives,  was  keeping  his 
faith. 

Then  his  young  wife,  leaving  their  2- 
year-old  baby  at  home,  came  into  the  room. 


She  pleaded  for  the  truth.  Then  Jones 
took  her  hand  and  told  the  queer,  pitiful 
story. 

The  chief  of  detectives  stared  hard. 

"Can  you  tell  that  story  before  Black?" 
the  chief  demanded. 

In  a  Uttle  while  Black  was  brought  into 
the  room. 

The  two  men,  so  radically  different  in 
character,  education  and  manner,  sat  on 
either  side  of  a  desk. 

Again  the  young  man  told  his  story. 
Black  played  with  a  lead  pencil. 

"Well,  sir,  what  do  you  think  of  that?" 
the  detective  chief  asked  sharply. 

The  answer  was  ready  enough. 

"The  boy  is  having  a  wild  dream.  It  is 
preposterous!" 

But  a  little  while  afterwards  Black  said, 
briefly,  that  the  cancelled  checks,  given 
him  by  the  accused  clerk,  were  in  his  office 
safe. 

There  the  checks  were  found.  And  Black, 
who  had  gone  to  the  bank  officials  the  day 
before  and  pleaded  for  time  for  his  chent's 
sake,  now  pleaded  for  time  for  himself, 
time  in  which  to  clean  everything  up,  time 
to  make  that  restitution  delayed  so  many 
months. 

In  the  matron's  room  at  the  jail  were 
the  boy  and  his  wife.  They  had  been  cry- 
ing. 

"A  headache  I've  had  for  weeks  is  gone," 
the  boy  said. 

He  was  not  vindictive. 

"I  was  the  fool,"  he  said.  "I  thought 
that  he  was  prosperous  and  that  it  would 
all  come  out  right." 

The  disclosures  of  the  day  brought  to 
police  headquarters  another  wife,  Mrs. 
Black,  from  the  home  at  215  Wilson  Place. 
With  her  was  the  Rev.  A.  Brittingham 
Brown,  Mr.  Black's  pastor.  Black's  7- 
year-old  daughter  was  at  home,  asleep  and 
ignorant  of  the  day's  cumulative  events. 

Mrs.  Black  brought  for  her  husband  in 
a  valise  a  change  of  clothing. 

Black  was  summoned  from  the  cell-room 
and  conducted  to  the  office  of  the  night 
captain.  He  came  in,  his  hat  puUed  for- 
ward, head  bowed. 

Then  he  saw  his  wife.  They  advanced  to 


54 


TYPES   OF   NEWS  WRITING 


each  other  with  open  arms.  They  kissed 
and  hugged.  Neither  said  a  word  for  a 
long  time. 

They  all  sat  down,  the  wife  holding  her 
husband's  hand. 

"We  are  very  sorry,  indeed,  at  this  sud- 
den trouble,"  the  minister  said.  "The  sym- 
pathy of  pastor  and  of  members  is  with  you 
and  we  are  going  to  stand  by  you.  This  is 
a  time  to  stand  by  a  man." 

Black  and  Mrs.  Black  wept. 

Other  friends  entered  the  room.  No  one 
spoke  of  the  case  and  Black  volunteered  no 
information. 

After  his  friends  had  gone.  Black  went 
back  to  the  cellroom,  leaving  on  the  cap- 
tain's desk  the  valise  brought  by  his  wife. 
The  pajamas  inside  would  have  given 
slight  comfort  on  the  iron  slats  upon  which 
he  was  to  sleep. 


BURGLARY 

San  Francisco  Chronicle 

Diamonds  and  other  stones  to  the  value 
of  $3500  were  stolen  yesterday  afternoon 
from  the  apartments  of  Mrs.  Dennis  M. 
Patrick  at  1907  Woolworth  street  by  a 
burglar,  who  ran  away  in  such  haste  that 
he  left  jewelry  to  an  equal  value  spread  out 
on  the  bed,  besides  money  and  other  valu- 
ables. 

The  burglar  seems  to  have  been  familiar 
with  the  hiding  places  of  Mrs.  Patrick's 
valuables  and  with  her  movements  as  well. 
While  she  was  out  of  the  house  between 
2  and  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  he  entered 
the  rear  door  with  a  key  which  he  took 
from  the  place  where  she  had  hidden  it, 
picked  up  a  screwdriver  in  the  kitchen, 
and,  going  straight  to  the  bedroom,  pried 
open  the  locked  bureau  drawer  where  the 
jewels  were. 

The  burglar  spread  the  loot  out  on  the 
bed  and  was  evidently  engaged  in  sorting 
and  packing  it  up  when  Mrs.  Patrick's 
daughter,  Dorothy,  came  home  from  school 
at  3 :  30  o'clock.  The  little  girl  went  up  to 
the  back  door,  and,  finding  it  locked,  went 
back  to  the  street  and  down  to  the  comer. 
Apparently,  when  the  child  tried  the  back 


door  the  burglar  ran  out  through  the  front 
way,  as  Mrs.  Patrick  fovmd  that  door  open 
when  she  came  home  half  an  hour  later. 

The  stolen  jewels  included  thirty-seven 
diamonds,  eight  emeralds  and  eight  pearls, 
all  set  in  platinum,  principally  in  the  shape 
of  rings  and  a  lavalliere.  Most  of  the  stones 
were  heirlooms  and  prized  by  Mrs.  Patrick 
beyond  their  value.  The  jewels  which  the 
burglar  left  behind  in  his  hurry  included  a 
diamond  bracelet,  besides  other  diamonds 
and  emeralds,  and  a  quantity  of  gold  jew- 
elry. Several  hundred  dollars'  worth  of 
silverware  and  about  $20  in  coin  had 
not  been  touched.  But  the  burglar  did 
take  about  55  cents  from  the  little  girl's 
purse. 

A  cigarette  on  the  floor,  a  room  full  of 
smoke  and  an  excellent  set  of  finger  prints 
on  a  hand  mirror,  which  Detective  M.  T. 
Arey  found  last  night,  were  all  the  clews 
the  burglar  left. 


BURGLARY 

Chicago  Herald 

Helen  Walker  is  12  years  old.  Her  father 
is  John  Walker,  a  lawyer,  and  the  family 
resides  in  Oakland  Park.  Mr.  Walker  al- 
ways has  been  proud  of  his  daughter.  But 
he  boasts  about  her  now. 

Helen's  mother,  when  she  kissed  her  girl 
good-by  yesterday  morning,  had  said  she 
would  not  be  home  tUl  late.  That's  why 
Helen  grew  suspicious. 

She  heard  some  one  walking  upstairs 
when  she  came  home  from  school.  It 
couldn't  be  her  father.  And  the  step  was 
too  heavy  for  her  mother;  and,  besides,  her 
mother  wasn't  home. 

So  she  tiptoed  upstairs  and  into  her 
father's  room,  and  she  found  a  big  revolver 
in  a  bureau  drawer.  Then  she  walked 
quietly  into  the  room  where  the  noise 
seemed  to  come  from. 

She  saw  a  man  putting  thmgs  into  a  bag 
— silverware,  bric-a-brac,  ornaments,  jew- 
elry— all  her  mother's  pretty  things. 

The  girl  drew  in  her  breath  sharply. 
The  burglar  turned.  His  little  eyes  glared 
at  her — a  slim  little  creature  with  a  halo  of 


POLICE  NEWS  AND  CRIME 


55 


golden  hair  and  a  revolver — and  blue  eyes 
that  looked  into  his  unafraid. 

For  a  moment  they  kept  the  pose. 
Then— 

"It's  loaded,"  said  the  girl.  "Don't  you 
think  you'd  better  drop  my  mamma's 
silver  comb?" 

The  burglar  did.  Likewise  a  rope  of 
pearls. 

"Hadn't  you  better  turn  the  bag  upside 
down  on  the  bed  there?"  the  girl  con- 
tinued. 

The  burglar,  without  a  word,  complied. 

Then  she  made  him  turn  his  pockets  in- 
side out,  and,  keeping  the  revolver  trained 
on  him,  walked  him  down  the  steps  and 
onto  the  porch. 

And  there  he  turned  and  spoke. 

"Say,  kid,  you're  all  right,"  he  affirmed, 
and  walked  away. 

And  Helen  went  and  told  the  neighbors 
— and  was  afraid  to  go  back  into  the  home 
she  had  just  defended — until  the  arrival  of 
her  mother. 


HIGHWAY  ROBBERY 
Chicago  Herald 

About  to  be  married  and  needing  money, 
Edward  Russell,  19  years  old,  decided  it 
would  be  easier  to  steal  the  money  than 
work  for  it. 

So  he  turned  auto  robber,  and  was  cap- 
tured with  three  other  young  men,  after 
they  held  up  Edward  Bessinger  and  took 
his  satchel,  containing  $3,000.  They  told 
their  stories  yesterday  in  the  Chicago  ave- 
nue police  station  and  gave  their  strange 
motives  for  becoming  criminals. 

"I  was  going  to  be  married  and  knew  I 
would  need  a  lot  of  money,"  said  Russell. 
"I  couldn't  get  enough  by  working  and 
thought  a  holdup  would  be  the  best  way." 

John  Harper  said  he  joined  the  other 
robbers  because  his  father  was  in  trouble. 

"He  is  a  saloon-keeper  in  Walsingham, 
III.,  and  was  caught  staying  open  after 
hours,"  said  Harper.  "He  needed  money 
to  help  him  out,  and  the  only  way  I  had 
to  get  it  was  to  steal  it." 

"I  was  just  trying  to  collect  what  Bes- 


singer owed  me,"  declared  Arthur  Ray- 
mond, who  planned  the  robbery .  "I  worked 
in  the  Bessinger  restaurant  at  Halsted  and 
Hamilton  streets  and  got  paid  next  to 
nothing  for  it.  You  can't  work  for  such 
small  wages  and  have  any  money. 

"I  decided  I  would  get  enough  out  of 
Bessinger  to  pay  me  handsomely  for  the 
time  I  worked  there.  I  knew  he  carried 
money  in  the  satchel  and  planned  the 
holdup." 

"Let  the  others  talk  themselves  into  the 
penitentiary  if  they  want  to,"  said  George 
Wilson,  the  fourth  prisoner.  "I  have 
nothing  to  say  about  it.  We  tried  and  fell 
down.  That's  all." 

The  four  men  were  arrested  after  they 
had  run  their  automobile  into  a  fence  while 
trying  to  escape  with  the  satchel.  They 
had.  knocked  down  Bessinger,  who  is  a  col- 
lector for  the  Bessinger  Restaurant  Com- 
pany, and  the  automobile  ran  over  his  leg, 
causing  the  machine  to  swerve.  The  money 
satchel  was  recovered. 


THEFT  OR  LOSS 
Milwaukee  Evening  Wisconsin 

It  will  be  Christmas  without  the  "mer- 
ry"  for  Jules  Alexander,  Brussels,  Belgium, 
who  will  spend  it  in  Milwaukee  penniless, 
because  of  either  an  evil  twist  of  fate  or  the 
daring  of  a  hotel  thief. 

Monsieur  Alexander,  a  young  Belgian, 
is  an  American  representative  of  a  large 
machinery  plant  in  Brussels.  He  has  been 
in  Milwaukee  about  two  weeks  and  is  stay- 
ing at  the  Hotel  Pfister. 

Thursday  afternoon  M.  Alexander  de- 
cided that  his  suit  needed  pressing.  Hur- 
riedly— it  must  have  been  hurriedly — he 
made  a  change  of  wardrobe,  rang  for  a 
bellboy  and  had  the  suit  taken  down  to  the 
hotel  tailor.  •  '   ' 

Little  did  M.  Alexander  know  that  a 
$130  roU  of  crinkly  American  bills,  prac- 
tically his  assets  in  toto,  reposed  in  the 
left  hand  hip  pocket  of  the  tailor-bound 
trousers.  In  the  newly  donned  suit  there 
was  not  a  franc,  not  a  sou,  not  even  a 
centime. 


56 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


Later  in  the  afternoon,  having  left  the 
hotel,  M.  Alexander  had  use  for  some 
change.  He  felt  in  his  hip  pocket  and 
found  nothing.  He  found  the  same  thing 
in  all  his  other  pockets.  All  at  once  it 
dawned  on  him  that  he  had  left  the  precious 
roll  of  bills  in  the  other  suit, 

M.  Alexander  went  back  to  the  hotel  on 
the  run.  He  told  the  clerk  of  his  loss. 
Quickly  but  quietly  a  search  for  the  lost 
or  stolen  money  was  made  through  the 
hotel,  but  without  avail.  Evidently  both 
tailor  and  bellboy  declared  that  they  knew 
nothing  of  the  money. 

M.  Alexander  is  positive  that  the  roll  of 
bills  was  in  the  pocket  of  the  trousers  sent 
down  to  the  tailor.  As  the  tailor  is  in  the 
same  building,  there  was  no  chance  of  the 
money's  dropping  on  the  street,  and  yet 
the  hotel  corridors,  elevators  and  lobbies 
have  been  searched  inch  by  inch. 
I  This  morning  M.  Alexander  went  to  the 
central  poUce  station  and  reported  the  loss, 
or  theft.  Detective  Paul  Pergande  was  de- 
tailed on  the  case. 

"It  was  650  francs  I  lose;  all  I  had, 
aussi,"  said  M.  Alexander  this  morning, 
with  a  deprecatory  French  shrug  of  the 
shoulders.  "I  do  not  know  what  shall  I  do 
if  the  gendarmerie,  the  poUce,  soon  do  not 
find  the  money.  It  is  of  a  probability,  cer- 
tainement,  that  I  can  get  some  more,  but 
it  will  take  time  and  I  am  what  you  call 
'broke' — n'est-ce  pas? 

"You  see,  monsieiu-,  my  compagnie — it 
is  in  Bruxelles — allow  me  an  expense  ac- 
count and  we  representateefs  do  not  carry 
with  us  so  much.  That  which  one  has 
stolen  is  all  that  I  had.  Voila! 

"I  must  find  that  money,  monsieur. 
Certainement  I  can  explain  to  our  New 
York  agents  and  they  will  send  me  some 
money  to  live  with.  Assuredly  I  hope  that 
they  will  not  doubt  my  explanation  and 
wonder  how  I  use  so  much  expense  account. 
Six  hundred  and  fifty  francs — it  is  much, 
monsieur! 

"King  Albert,  I?  Oh,  oui,  we  have  a  new 
and  fine  king,  but  just  now  I  worry  so 
about  my  money  that  I  have  not  thought 
much  of  our  new  king." 


HOLD-UP 

Kansas  City  Star 

Liquor  was  responsible  for  starting  out 
two  young  men  last  night  on  a  brief  career 
as  holdup  men  which  lasted  only  a  few 
hours  and  ended  in  cells  at  police  head- 
quarters at  midnight.  The  men  are  Her- 
bert Wilson,  24  years  old,  910  East  Nine- 
teenth Street,  and  Sherwin  Carter,  28  years 
old,  143  Payne  Avenue.  Carter  is  married. 

The  holdups  were  eight  in  number,  oc- 
curring in  the  district  between  Twenty- 
first  and  Thirty-seventh  streets  and  Penn 
Street  and  Forest  Avenue.  The  loot  ob- 
tained amounted  to  $12  in  cash,  eight  dia- 
mond rings,  four  purses  and  three  watches. 
The  robberies  came  in  quick  succession  and 
so  did  the  calls  of  the  victims  to  police 
headquarters.  Two  policemen  in  a  motor 
car  finally  caught  the  pair  at  Linwood 
Boulevard  and  Forest  Avenue. 

Carter  is  the  son  of  Dr.  Eugene  Carter, 
Hampshire  Apartments,  president  of  Stan- 
dard Lumber  Company.  Doctor  Carter, 
when  notified  of  his  son's  arrest,  immedi- 
ately blamed  liquor  for  the  young  man's 
downfall  and  said  that  ordinarily  he  was  a 
"good  boy." 

"I'd  been  drinking  for  three  days  and 
didn't  know  what  I  was  doing  last  night," 
young  Carter  said  this  morning  at  police 
headquarters.  "I  was  out  of  a  job  and 
didn't  have  any  money  to  speak  of.  And, 
say,  I'm  kind  of  responsible  for  Wilson's 
getting  into  this,  too.  It  was  my  scheme 
to  hold  up  people. 

"I've  been  a  little  wild,  but  I've  never 
been  in  trouble  for  holding  up  people. 
Say,  this'U  be  hard  on  my  wife." 

Wilson,  too,  blamed  liquor. 

"I'd  never  have  dreamed  of  robbing 
people  if  I  hadn't  been  drunk,"  he  said. 
"Carter  thought  it  would  be  an  easy  way 
to  get  some  money  and  so  we  went  and 
borrowed  a  gun  from  a  negro  that  he  knew 
and  went  to  holding  up  people.  I'd  hold 
the  gun  and  Carter  would  search  them." 

Both  men  were  shaking  and  wild-eyed 
this  morning.  After  their  continued  drink- 
ing of  whisky  for  three  days,  their  nerves 
were  far  from  steady. 


POLICE  NEWS  AND   CRIME 


57 


HOLD-UP 

Kansas  City  Star 


See  now  how  real  life  beats  the  reel 
life  every  now  and  then.  Here,  for  in- 
stance, is  the  strange  history  of  The 
Man  in  the  Black  Mask,  as  acted  upon 
the  stage  of  Kansas  City's  streets  in  the 
deserted  hours  of  the  morning  when 
everybody  slumbers  except  holdup  men, 
belated  wayfarers  and  policemen. 


REAL  I. 

Ed  Wilson,  alias  E.  Harry  Miller,  known 
in  the  family  album  at  police  headquarters 
as  a  "gunman,"  fares  forth  very  early  this 
morning  with  a  companion  to  make  his 
living.  At  2:30  o'clock  at  Thirteenth  and 
Charlotte  streets,  they  meet  a  man  and 
begin  their  pleasant  labors. 

"Don't  do  it,  gents,"  says  the  stranger, 
"don't  do  it.  It  ain't  perfessional.  I'm 
one  of  the  same.  Here's  my  gun  and  here's 
my  black  mask.  See?" 

"Excuses,"  says  Spokesman  Ed.  "Have 
'em  back.  Luck  to  you." 

REAL  II. 

Frank  Mathis,  one  of  those  belated  way- 
farers who  afford  occupation  to  holdup 
men,  is  held  up  half  an  hour  later  at  Thir- 
teenth and  Charlotte  streets  by  two  men. 
By  the  illumination  of  an  arc  light  he  ob- 
serves the  two  closely.  So  does  Timothy 
Dalton,  policeman.  Timothy  comes  up 
rapidly  and  the  two  flee,  bombarding  the 
air,  Timothy  doing  the  same.  The  robbers 
escape. 

Mathis  then  furnishes  Timothy  descrip- 
tions of  the  two,  which  Timothy,  in  tm-n, 
furnishes  police  headquarters,  which,  in 
turn,  furnishes  them  to  whatever  policemen 
can  be  reached  by  telephone, 

REAL  III. 

(In  two  scenes.) 

Scene  I — Frank  Hoover,  another  police- 
man with  insomnia,  sees  a  man  approach 
him  at  Eleventh  and  Charlotte  streets 


about  4  o'clock.  The  man  seems  to  answer 
the  description  of  one  of  the  two  holdup 
chaps. 

Hoover  runs  and  so  does  the  man. 

Another  batch  of  shots  are  fired.  This 
time  they  find  lodging. 

The  fleeing  man  drops  with  a  bullet  in 
the  left  leg  and  another  in  the  left  hip. 
Hoover  stoops  down,  picks  up  something 
clutched  in  the  wounded  man's  hand, 
stares  at  it  curiously,  puts  it  in  his  pocket. 
The  ambulance  arrives  and  the  wounded 
man  is  taken  to  the  General  Hospital. 

Scene  II — Furnished  with  descriptions 
of  the  two  fleeing  holdup  men,  another 
policeman  at  4  o'clock  at  Tenth  and  Holmes 
streets,  arrests  Ed  Wilson,  our  hero  of 
"Real  1." 

REAL  IV. 

At  police  headquarters  today  Wilson  is 
identified  by  Mathis  as  one  of  the  pair  who 
held  him  up. 

Wilson  agrees  with  him  and  tells  his 
partner's  name. 

Mathis  then  goes  to  the  hospital,  but 
fails  to  identify  the  wounded  man,  who 
gives  the  name  of  Harry  Walters. 

From  this  Wilson  gathers  that  the 
wounded  man  is  not  his  pal. 

But  who,  then,  is  he? 

"You  say  this  Hoover  cop  picked  up 
something  when  he  shot  the  fellow?" 
queries  Wilson. 

"What  was  it?" 

"A  black  mask,  eh?  Well,  ain't  that  the 
limit?" 

"Why,  that  must  be  the  fellow  we  held 
up  to  begin  with  and  turned  loose  because 
he  was  in  the  business. 

"And  here  he  goes  and  gets  shot  be- 
cause a  cop  thinks  he  looks  like  me.  That 's 
luck  for  you!" 


STREET  CAR  BANDIT 

Los  Angeles  Times 

Two  pairs  of  arms  entwined  the  neck  of 
Harry  Blair,  wounded  and  confessed  street- 
car bandit,  as  he  lay  chained  to  a  cot  in  the 
Emergency  Hospital  yesterday  morning. 


58 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


While  his  young  wife  embraced  him,  sob- 
bing, their  year-old  baby  laughed  and 
cooed.  He  crawled  across  the  pillow  on 
which  Blair's  head  rested,  and,  snuggling 
close  to  his  father,  threw  his  chubby  arms 
around  Blair's  neck. 

Hospital  folk  and  the  police  are  used  to 
pathetic  scenes  in  the  hospital,  but  that 
sight  seemed  too  much  for  them,  and 
silently  they  stole  from  the  ward  and  closed 
the  door,  leaving  the  wife  to  her  grief,  the 
husband  to  whatever  thoughts  he  had,  and 
the  innocent  babe  to  its  joy. 

It  was  a  decidedly  hard-luck  story  that 
the  Blairs  related  to  the  detectives  and 
nurses.  The  first  year  of  their  married  life 
happiness  and  prosperity  smiled  on  them, 
they  said.  But  when  the  stork  visited  the 
Blair  household  in  Dallas  it  brought  not 
only  a  bright-eyed  baby  but  also  a  neme- 
sis. 

Their  savings  went  for  doctor's  bills  and 
clothing  for  the  little  one.  Then  Blau-  had 
difficulty,  he  says,  in  finding  steady  em- 
ployment at  his  trade,  painting.  TMien 
they  were  reduced  almost  to  poverty  they 
decided  to  come  to  Los  Angeles.  They  have 
been  here  six  weeks.  In  that  time,  Blair 
says,  he  was  unable  to  earn  enough  to 
provide  properly  for  his  sick  wife  and  im- 
poverished baby. 

The  last  dollar  the  couple  had  went  a 
few  days  ago  for  rent.  Weary  of  tramping 
the  streets  in  quest  of  work,  weak  from 
lack  of  nourishment,  and  worried  because 
he  couldn't  buy  food,  clothing  and  medi- 
cine, Blair  says  he  conceived  the  idea  of 
turning  highwayman. 

"Even  then  my  nemesis  followed  me," 
he  said,  choking.  "I  got  a  few  dollars  from 
the  conductor  and  was  hurrying  home  to 
give  it  to  my  wife  for  food  and  things  when 
I  was  stopped  by  a  police  officer.  I  escaped 
from  him  and  was  climbing  a  fence  when 
the  bullet  caught  me  in  the  leg." 

Blair  will  be  confined  in  the  criminal 
ward  at  the  County  Hospital  untU  he  is 
physically  able  to  be  arraigned.  He  will  be 
charged  with  highway  robbery,  the  police 
say. 


FREE-FOR-ALL  FIGHT 

New  York  World 

With  whistle  screeching  and  himdreds  of 
passengers  yelling  for  help  out  of  the  win- 
dows, a  northbound  Third  avenue  elevated 
train  was  held  in  panic  late  last  night  by  a 
crowd  of  roughs,  who  terrorized  the  pas- 
sengers and  assaulted  a  conductor. 

More  than  a  dozen  women,  returning 
from  the  theatre,  fainted,  and  Mrs.  Sadie 
Arthur,  of  No.  991  East  One  Hundred  and 
Seventy-eighth  street,  was  thro^vn  into  vio- 
lent hysterics  and  taken  to  the  Lebanon 
Hospital. 

The  riot  started  at  One  Hundred  and 
Thirty-eighth  street  and  continued  all  the 
way  to  One  Hundred  and  Sixty-sixth  street. 
There  policemen  shoved  through  a  great 
crowd,  which  had  been  attracted  by  the 
whistling,  and  arrested  Adolph  J.  Weiss, 
eighteen  years  old,  of  No.  444  East  One 
Hundred  and  Sixty-fifth  street.  His  com- 
panions in  the  excitement  managed  to  es- 
cape. 

Weiss,  who  is  somewhat  of  a  fighter,  was 
the  ringleader  of  the  disturbers.  They  be- 
gan their  horseplay  by  throwing  hats  about 
the  car,  smashing  hats  and  jostling  the  pas- 
sengers. Dresses  were  torn  and  women  in- 
sulted; yet  no  one  took  a  hand  to  suppress 
the  outrage. 

"Shame  on  you  men,"  cried  some  of  the 
women.  "Haven't  any  of  you  enough  spirit 
to  protect  us?" 

Just  as  one  woman  received  a  severe 
blow  in  the  face,  Conductor  Thomas  J. 
Boyce,  of  No.  108  East  One  Hundred  and 
Twenty-first  street,  who  is  known  on  the 
road  as  "Scrappy  Tom,"  jumped  into  the 
fracas  and  hit  straight  from  the  shoulder. 

"Beat  him  up,"  yelled  the  gang,  and 
they  all  jumped  on  "Scrappy  Tom." 

"Come  on,  all  of  you,"  he  roared,  his 
fighting  Irish  blood  aroused.  One,  two, 
three  of  the  brawlers  hit  the  dusty  mat, 
and  finally  Boyce  reached  Adolph  and 
landed  hard  on  his  jaw. 

The  fight  ranged  up  and  down  the  car, 
with  Boyce  taking  care  of  the  entire  gang. 
Three  or  four  women  who  had  fainted  and 
fallen  to  the  floor  were  trampled  upon. 


POLICE  NEWS   AND   CRIME 


59 


Windows  were  raised  throughout  the 
train.  YeUs  of  "Murder!"  "PoUce!" 
alarmed  the  Bronx.  The  motorman  started 
his  whistle  going,  and  this  tipped  Police- 
men Wilson  and  Dempsey,  of  the  Morri- 
sania  station,  who  lay  in  wait  at  One  Hun- 
dred and  Sixty-sixth  street. 

The  crowd  that  was  bunched  there  pre- 
vented their  making  more  arrests  and  fur- 
nished a  means  of  escape  to  Weiss's  "pals." 

Pieces  of  hats,  feathers,  ribbons  and 
lingerie  were  scattered  from  end  to  end  of 
the  car.  A  number  of  the  women  had  not 
revived,  and  Mrs.  Arthur  appeared  to  be 
in  a  critical  condition.  A  hurry  call  was 
sent  to  Lebanon  Hospital,  and  Dr.  Singer, 
hastily  treating  the  others,  hurried  Mrs. 
Arthur  to  the  institution.  He  said  she  was 
in  a  dangerous  hysterical  condition. 

The  line  was  tied  up  for  half  an  hour  by 
the  riot. 

Weiss  looked  as  though  he  had  stayed 
in  the  ring  twenty  rounds  with  Bill  Papke. 
His  face  was  unrecognizable. 

"I  never  knew  that  any  of  these  con- 
ductors could  fight,"  he  sputtered  through 
swollen  lips,  as  he  was  led  to  a  cell. 

"  Over  in  the  old  country,"  said  "Scrappy 
Tom,"  as  he  watched  the  ex-champion  led 
to  a  cell  in  the  Morrisania  station,  "I  used 
to  throw  a  couple  of  lads  like  you  over  my 
head  before  breakfast  just  for  an  appe- 
tizer." 


MURDER  OF  BUSINESS  MAN 
New  York  Tribune 

Walter  H.  Hammond,  a  well  known  busi- 
ness man  of  Jersey  City  and  a  brother  of 
Colonel  Robert  A.  Hammond,  was  shot  and 
instantly  killed  yesterday  afternoon  in  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company's  ferry 
house  at  Jersey  City.  Peter  Grew,  a  man 
he  had  befriended,  was  arrested  as  the 
slayer  of  Hammond. 

Mr.  Hammond  was  about  to  have  his 
luncheon  in  the  restaurant  in  the  railway 
station,  on  the  second  floor.  He  had  as- 
cended the  stairs  and  turned  toward  the 
restaurant,  when  he  was  confronted  by 
Grew,  to  whom  he  made  a  cheery  remark. 
Without  a  word  in  reply,  the  pohce  say, 


Grew  drew  a  revolver,  which  he  carried  in 
his  coat  pocket,  and  fired  at  him.  The  bul- 
let entered  the  left  temple  and  ploughed 
into  the  brain.  Two  more  bullets  were 
fired  into  his  body  after  he  fell. 

Calmly  replacing  the  weapon  in  his  pock- 
et, Grew  started  to  walk  down  the  stairs 
to  the  street,  but  Patrolman  Amann,  who 
was  on  duty  at  the  ferry  house,  dashed  up 
the  stairs  and,  meeting  him  half  way,  ar- 
rested him.  Grew  remarked,  Amann  says, 
as  he  handed  the  revolver  to  the  officer: 
"The  thing  is  all  over,  and  I  might  as  well 
give  up."  Later  he  persistently  refused  to 
admit  that  he  did  the  shooting. 

The  police  say  their  investigation  has 
revealed  that  Grew,  who  has  been  regarded 
as  eccentric  and  impulsive,  had  frequently 
threatened  to  kill  Hammond.  They  say 
that  Grew  had  recently  been  drinking  ex- 
cessively. 

The  victim  of  the  shooting  was  the  head 
of  the  Hammond  and  Wilson  Stock  Com- 
pany, dealers  in  butterine  and  eggs  at  Je- 
rome and  4th  streets,  Jersey  City.  He  was 
a  bachelor  and  forty-two  years  old.  He  was 
a  director  of  the  Second  National  Bank  and 
of  the  Commercial  Trust  Company,  and  an 
active  member  of  the  Union  League  Club, 
of  Jersey  City.  He  lived  at  No.  314  Harri- 
son avenue,  Jersey  City. 

Grew  had  been  in  the  same  business. 
Some  time  ago,  the  police  say,  he  was  ar- 
rested in  Brooklyn  for  making  and  selling 
oleomargarine  without  stamping  it  prop- 
erly. Hammond  gave  him  a  new  start  in 
business.  His  business  dwindled  to  nothing, 
and  he  accused  Hammond  of  persecuting 
him.  Grew  owned  a  flathouse  at  No.  244 
3d  street,  Jersey  City,  in  which  he,  his 
wife  and  six  children  lived.  This  house 
he  conveyed  to  his  wife  during  his  business 
troubles.  It  is  said  that  Grew  complained 
that  his  wife  was  under  the  influence  of 
Mr.  Hammond  and  refused  to  permit  him 
to  have  any  of  the  revenue  derived  from 
the  rental  of  the  building.  Ten  days  ago 
he  was  arrested  for  beating  her.  Judge 
Harmon,  before  whom  he  was  arraigned, 
ordered  him  committed  to  jail  for  ten  days, 
but  relented  when  he  promised  to  refrain 
from  abusing  or  beating  his  wife. 


6o 


TYPES   OF  NEWS   WRITING 


Otto  S.  Wilkins,  of  No.  21  Park  street, 
who  has  a  butter  business  at  No.  52  Hudson 
street,  Jersey  City,  met  Grew  less  than  an 
hour  before  the  shooting.  He  told  Captain 
Larkins,  at  the  Jersey  City  Police  Head- 
quarters, of  a  conversation  he  had  had  with 
Grew.  He  said  that  Grew  asked  him  to 
give  him  a  job. 

"I  then  told  him,"  Mr,  Wilkins  said, 
"that  I  understood  that  he  was  in  such  a  fi- 
nancial condition  that  he  could  live  without 
working.  He  said,  '  No,'  that  his  property 
brought  him  in  $120  a  month,  and  that 
after  he  had  paid  the  interest  on  a  small 
loan  which  stood  against  it,  with  taxes  and 
repairs,  it  left  very  little  to  live  on;  that  his 
wife  would  not  let  him  have  any  of  that, 
and  that  Mr.  Hammond  was  responsible 
for  her  attitude  in  withholding  funds  from 
him.  He  was  in  a  natural  state  of  mind 
to-day,  cool  and  collected,  and  talked  to  me 
in  the  same  strain  that  I  have  always 
known  him  to  use.  He  used  to  tell  me  four 
or  five  years  ago  that  he  had  it  in  for  Mr. 
Hammond  and  would  shoot  him  some  time . " 

In  a  statement  to  the  police  Grew  said  he 
had  known  Hammond  for  sixteen  years  and 
had  done  business  with  him.  "I  am  not 
going  to  answer  that,"  was  his  reply  when 
asked  if  he  had  had  any  trouble  with  Ham- 
mond. He  said  that  he  was  on  his  way 
home  from  Manhattan  when  he  met  Ham- 
mond, and  that  Hammond  spoke  to  him, 
but  he  did  not  reply.  "I  had  the  revolver 
in  my  right  hand  in  the  inside  pocket  of  my 
sack  coat,"  said  Grew,  "and  that  is  all  I 
have  to  say."  He  stated  that  "  Hammond 
had  been  pounding  me  and  had  got  the 
inspectors  to  pound  me." 

Mrs.  Grew  said  that  her  husband's  mind 
had  been  affected  by  brooding  over  his  fail- 
ure in  business,  and  she  shared  her  hus- 
band's opinion  that  he  had  been  persecuted. 


MURDER  IN  LITTLE  ITALY 

Kansas  City  Star 
MuHDEESiN  Little  Italy  Since  January  1. 

January  9 — Mario  Ippolito  shot  down  and 
killed  by  unidentified  assassin. 

January   11 — John  Kanato  shot  by  John 
Herwetine;  died  two  days  later. 


January  23 — John  Janoka  shot  by  Nick 
Hontrogen;  died  same  day. 

January  24 — Lusciano  Musso  murdered  by 
gunmen  in  daylight. 

February  4 — Salvador  Cangialosi  shot  and 
killed  by  Angelo  Mannino. 

February  24 — Giovanni  Seculo  shot  down 
by  unidentified  assassin,  will  die. 
Shootings. 

January  24 — H.  C.  Petro,  shot  in  his  home, 
110  Watkins  Avenue,  by  someone  who  fired 
through  the  window;  not  fatal. 

February  13 — Robert  Jordan,  1039  East 
Fourth  Street,  was  shot  twice  by  Tony  Filo; 
not  fatal. 

That  impenetrable  air  of  mystery  which 
closed  down  on  the  attack  last  night  on 
two  Italians,  as  it  has  closed  down  upon 
every  one  of  the  weekly  murders  of  Little 
Italy,  a  sable  cloak  hiding  details,  oblite- 
rating the  trails  of  assassins  who  shoot  men 
in  the  back  and  flee,  is  not  such  a  myste- 
rious thing  after  all.  There  is  only  one 
policeman  at  night  in  Little  Italy. 

Giovanni  Seculo  and  Tony  Boni  are 
walking  along  Cherry  Street  near  Fourth 
Street.  It  is  10  o'clock  at  night.  A  shotgun 
barks,  once,  twice.  Seculo  falls,  a  death 
wound  in  his  back.  Boni  falls,  shot  in  the 
hip. 

Presently  a  policeman  comes,  who  was 
blocks  distant  at  the  time. 

Little  Italy  shrugs  and  avers  it  was  all 
sound  asleep  when  Seculo  and  his  compan- 
ion were  shot. 

The  assassin  escapes. 

There  is  nothing  different  in  the  main 
threads  of  the  chronicle  from  those  of  all  the 
other  unpunished  crimes  of  Little  Italy. 

Always,  the  crime  is  committed  in  some 
part  of  Little  Italy  distant  from  that  lone 
policeman.  Little  Italy  extends  from  In- 
dependence Avenue  to  the  Missouri  River, 
from  Oak  Street  to  Tracy  Avenue. 

"There  should  be  at  least  four  policemen 
in  that  district  at  night,"  said  Larry  Ghent, 
chief  of  detectives,  this  morning.  Then  he 
revealed  some  figures  on  the  poUce  depart- 
ment. 

In  the  district  comprising  Little  Italy, 
Hick's  and  Belvidere  hollows,  which  are 
unsavory  negro  neighborhoods,  and  others 
almost  as  notorious,  a  district  extending 


POLICE  NEWS   AND   CRIME 


61 


north  of  Independence  Avenue  and  east  of 
Main  Street  to  Jackson  Avenue,  there  are 
at  night  only  four  patrolmen. 

In  the  central  district,  taking  in  the 
whole  of  the  North  Side,  fourteen  out  of 
thirty-one  police  "beats"  are  without  pa- 
trolmen at  night. 

In  all  Kansas  City  there  are  only  264 
patrolmen,  exclusive  of  officers.  Many  of 
these  work  as  clerks  in  stations.  The  police 
force  is  at  the  lowest  that  it  has  been  for 
years.  The  city  is  increasing  in  population. 

Ghent  withdrew  detectives  from  other 
cases  this  morning  and  sent  four  of  them, 
under  the  direction  of  Patrolman  Louis 
Olivero,  into  Little  Italy  to  attempt  to  fer- 
ret out  the  attack  on  Seculo  last  night. 

Seculo,  proprietor  of  the  Neopolitan 
Macaroni  factory  at  516-18  East  Tenth 
Street,  and  an  influential  Italian,  probably 
will  die.  His  condition  was  slightly  im- 
proved today,  however.  Neither  Seculo 
nor  Boni  knows  why  he  was  attacked  or  by 
whom. 


MURDER 

New  York  Sun 

Trying  door  knobs  early  yesterday  morn- 
ing, Policeman  Merkle  of  the  East  104th 
street  station  found  that  the  door  of  the 
little  Italian  grocery  shop  at  321  East  109th 
street  opened.  He  entered,  thinking  that 
the  place  might  have  been  robbed.  At  the 
rear  of  the  dark,  smelly  little  shop  he  found 
another  door  that  opened,  and  as  it  did  so, 
a  bulldog  sprang  at  him.  The  policeman 
shut  the  door  and  ran  out  to  the  street  and 
rapped  for  assistance.  Policeman  O'Con- 
nell  came  and  the  two  went  back  into  the 
store. 

They  coaxed  the  dog  into  good  humor, 
and,  on  lighting  the  gas  in  the  squalid  room, 
they  found  its  master  kneeling  beside  his 
bed  in  a  pool  of  blood.  Another  door  in  the 
rear  was  forced  open.  Peter  Mutolo,  who 
lives  there  with  his  wife  and  three  children, 
said  they  had  heard  no  noise. 

They  said  that  the  murdered  man  was 
Frederick  Cinci,  who  had  kept  the  shop 
about  a  month.  He  had  been  in  this  coun- 


try about  a  year.  No  one  knew  of  any 
enemies. 

On  the  table  were  three  dirty  glasses  and 
an  empty  wine  bottle.  Friends  sometimes 
came  to  see  him,  the  neighbors  said.  No- 
body knew  whether  visitors  came  to  see 
him  before  his  death.  On  the  floor  below  his 
body  they  foimd  a  stiletto,  long  of  blade, 
which  was  bent  double.  In  his  neck,  lungs, 
stomach  and  kidneys  the  ambulance  sur- 
geon found  five  thrusts. 

The  body  was  still  warm;  death  hadn't 
come  long  before  the  police  found  him. 
Some  money,  $1.60,  was  found  in  his  pock- 
ets, and  his  gold  watch  had  not  been  taken. 
Six  dollars  was  found  in  the  cash  drawer  of 
his  shop.  No  one  killed  him  to  rob  him  of 
money.  The  dog,  the  police  think,  would 
have  attacked  a  stranger  and  probably  rec- 
ognized the  murderer. 


MURDER 

New  York  World 

Pietro  de  Angelo  ran  along  Colum- 
bus avenue,  Montclair,  N.  J.,  yesterday. 
Plainly  De  Angelo,  a  sturdy  fellow  of 
twenty-two  years,  had  run  far  and  hard. 
He  came  from  the  direction  of  the  Brook- 
dale  section  of  Bloomfield.  He  was  leg 
weary,  his  steps  grew  shorter.  Panting,  he 
looked  over  his  shoulder  ever  and  again  at 
an  older  man  who  ran  behind  him  at  some 
distance. 

The  older  man  carried  a  shotgim  which 
swung  by  his  side  in  his  grasp  as  he  plodded 
along.  He  seemed  to  be  in  no  hurry;  he 
seemed  to  be  able  to  run  forever;  straight 
he  ran,  with  his  eyes  fixed  always  on  De 
Angelo,  who  looked  back,  fearfully. 

Christopher  street  and  Columbus  ave- 
nue is  the  most  fashionable  part  of  Mont- 
clair. Wealthy  persons  live  in  that  neigh- 
borhood. Men  on  the  street  or  looking  from 
their  dwellings  had  no  idea  of  the  tragedy 
that  was  to  be  enacted.  Being  law-abiding, 
having  no  reason  to  run,  in  flight  or  pur- 
suit, the  Montclair  men  thought  that  De 
Angelo  and  the  older  man  who  ran  behind 
him  were  both  fleeing  from  the  same  pur- 
suer. 


62 


TYPES   OF   NEWS  WRITING 


"The  police  are  after  those  fellows," 
said  one  Montclair  man. 

"Or  the  game  wardens,"  said  another. 
"See,  the  second  chap  has  a  shotgun  — 
been  poaching  most  likely.  The  young  fel- 
low has  outstripped  him." 

Not  so.  Where  Christopher  street  in- 
tersects Columbus  avenue  De  Angelo 
halted,  swaj^ed,  almost  fell.  His  bolt  was 
shot,  his  breath  was  spent.  He  turned  and 
slowly  walked  back  to  the  older  man,  who 
did  not  even  hasten  his  gait,  but  approached 
De  Angelo  —  approached  as  inexorably'  as 
death  itself.  As  he  got  nearer,  De  Angelo 
stretched  out  his  hands  toward  him  in 
mute  pleading.  The  older  man,  never 
hurrying,  never  slackening  his  gait,  got 
within  ten  yards  of  De  Angelo,  stopped, 
raised  his  shotgun  to  his  shoulder,  pulled 
the  trigger,  and  sent  the  charge  from  one 
barrel  into  De  Angelo's  left  breast. 

The  younger  man  pitched  down  on  his 
face,  arms  extended,  palms  down.  The 
older  man  looked  down  at  him  an  instant 
—  j^es,  one  barrel  was  enough  —  then,  drop- 
ping the  gun  from  his  shoulder,  he  kept  on 
running,  no  faster,  no  slower,  than  before. 

And  he  escaped.  A  dozen  most  respect- 
able citizens  of  Montclair  all  had  the  same 
thought,  to  notify  the  police.  The  dozen 
rushed  to  their  telephones.  When  the  po- 
lice arrived  De  Angelo  was  dead.  He  had 
died  instantly. 

Deputy  County  Physician  Muta  went 
from  Orange  and  had  the  body  taken  to 
the  Morgue  at  Orange.  De  Angelo  lived 
at  No.  961  Wilson  street,  Montclair.  His 
parents  say  he  had  dinner  with  them  there 
at  noon,  then  went  out.  They  do  not  know 
where  he  went.  The  police  are  trying  to 
learn. 


MURDER 

Kansas  City  Star 

In  the  parlor  of  the  rooming  house  at 
57  Green  Street  A.  C.  Hobson  was  busily 
tuning  the  piano  this  morning.  As  he  bent 
above  the  humming  wires,  the  lid  of  the 
instrument  thrown  back,  a  light  step 
sounded  down  the  corridor.  Then  he  heard 


a  fresh  young  voice,  singing  softly.  Hob- 
son  smiled  and  ceased  his  work  to  listen. 

The  voice  sang  a  line  or  two  touching  on 
cows  and  green  fields. 

"A  kid  from  the  coimtry,"  Hobson  said, 
and  went  on. 

A  heavier  step  clumped  on  the  stairway 
leading  up  from  the  street  entrance.  The 
song  ceased  abruptly. 

"Hello,  Maggie,"  Hobson  heard  a  man's 
voice  say.   "What  made  you  leave  me?" 

There  was  a  little  pause;  then  a  girl's 
voice  answered  sharply : 

"Why  do  you  follow  me,  anyhow?  I 
don't  love  you." 

"I  came  to  take  you  back  with  me," 
said  the  man.  Hobson  had  stopped  his 
tinkering.  The  soimd  of  the  man's  heavy 
breathing  came  in  to  him  through  the  open 
doorway  from  the  dim  corridor.  "Kiss 
me,"  the  man's  voice  commanded. 

The  girl's  voice  rose.  "No,"  she  cried. 
"No.  I  don't  love  you." 

The  man  swore.  "Then  no  one  else '11 
have  you,"  he  shouted. 

Hobson  stood  motionless,  as  though 
paralyzed.  Then  he  heard  a  scuffle;  the 
girl  cried  out  sharply.  The  restraint  on 
him  was  broken  at  that,  and  Hobson  rushed 
into  the  corridor.  The  struggling  forms  of 
man  and  woman  were  disappearing  through 
the  doorway  of  another  room  down  the 
hall.  An  instant  or  two  later,  Hobson  heard 
the  crack  of  a  revolver  shot  followed 
closely  by  a  second.  Then  the  moans  of  a 
woman  in  agony  succeeded.  Hobson  ran 
into  the  room.  Man  and  woman  writhed  on 
the  bed. 

Going  to  a  telephone,  Hobson  summoned 
the  police.  Sergt.  James  O'Rile,  acting 
captain  of  the  Walnut  Street  Police  Sta- 
tion, responded.  It  was  twenty-five  min- 
utes before  the  ambulance  arrived. 

The  woman  was  Mrs.  Maggie  Towes, 
24  years  old,  who  left  her  husband,  John 
Towes,  in  Homeville,  Mo.,  foiu"  months 
ago.  "Towes  came  to  Kansas  City  a  week 
ago,  finally,  this  morning,  finding  his  wife 
at  the  rooming  house  of  Mrs.  Mary  Howe, 
where  she  had  found  employment  as  house- 
keeper. Towes  is  a  blacksmith's  helper  and 
is  32  years  old. 


POLICE  NEWS   AND   CRIME 


63 


As  he  lay  on  the  bed  in  that  twilight 
state  between  the  conscious  and  the  uncon- 
scious, Towes  reached  a  hand  gropingly  to- 
wards his  wife. 

"Kiss  me,  honey,"  he  mumbled;  "kiss 
me  before  I  go." 

They  were  taken  to  the  General  Hos- 
pital. Mrs.  Towes  was  shot  through  the 
abdomen,  Towes  through  the  left  breast. 
Both  probably  will  die. 


MURDER 

New  York  Sun* 

Mrs.  Catherine  Sheehan  stood  in  the 
darkened  parlor  of  her  home  at  361  West 
Fifteenth  street  late  yesterday  afternoon, 
and  told  her  version  of  the  murder  of  her 
son  Gene,  the  youthful  policeman  whom 
a  thug  named  Billy  Morley  shot  in  the 
forehead,  down  under  the  Chatham 
Square  elevated  station  early  yesterday 
morning.  Gene's  mother  was  thankful  that 
her  boy  hadn't  killed  Billy  Morley  before 
he  died,  "because,"  she  said,  "I  can  say 
honestly,  even  now,  that  I'd  rather  have 
Gene's  dead  body  brought  home  to  me,  as 
it  will  be  to-night,  than  to  have  him  come 
to  me  and  say, '  Mother,  I  had  to  kill  a  man 
this  morning.' 

"God  comfort  the  poor  wretch  that  killed 
the  boy,"  the  mother  went  on,  "because 
he  is  more  unhappy  to-night  than  we  are 
here.  Maybe  he  was  weak-minded  through 
drink.  He  couldn't  have  known  Gene  or 
he  wouldn't  have  killed  him.  Did  they 
tell  you  at  the  Oak  Street  Station  that  the 
other  policemen  called  Gene  Happy  Shee- 
han? Anything  they  told  you  about  him  is 
true,  because  no  one  would  lie  about  him. 
He  was  always  happy,  and  he  was  a  fine- 
looking  young  man,  and  he  always  had  to 
duck  his  helmet  when  he  walked  under  the 
gas  fixture  in  the  hall,  as  he  went  out  the 
door. 

"He  was  doing  dance  steps  on  the  floor 
of  the  basement,  after  his  dinner  yester- 
day noon  for  the  girls — his  sisters  I  mean 
— and  he  stopped  of  a  sudden  when  he 
saw  the  clock  and  picked  up  his  helmet. 
•  Written  by  Frank  Ward  O'Malley. 


Out  on  the  street  he  made  pretence  of 
arresting  a  little  boy  he  knows,  who  was 
standing  there — to  see  Gene  come  out, 
I  suppose — and  when  the  lad  ran  away 
laughing,  I  called  out,  'You  couldn't 
catch  Willie,  Gene;  you're  getting  fat.' 

"'Yes,  and  old,  mammy,'  he  said,  him 
who  is — who  was — only  twenty-six — 'so 
fat,'  he  said,  'that  I'm  getting  a  new  dress 
coat  that'll  make  you  proud  when  you 
see  me  in  it,  mamimy.'  And  he  went  over 
Fifteenth  street  whistling  a  tune  and  slap- 
ping his  leg  with  a  folded  newspaper.  And 
he  hasn't  come  back  again. 

"But  I  saw  him  once  after  that,  thank 
God,  before  he  was  shot.  It's  strange, 
isn't  it,  that  I  hunted  him  up  on  his  beat 
late  yesterday  afternoon  for  the  first  time 
in  my  life?  I  never  go  around  where  my 
children  are  working  or  studying — one  I 
sent  through  college  with  what  I  earned 
at  dressmaking,  and  some  other  little 
money  I  had,  and  he's  now  a  teacher;  and 
the  youngest  I  have  at  college  now.  I  don't 
mean  that  their  father  wouldn't  send  them 
if  he  could,  but  he's  an  invalid,  although 
he's  got  a  position  lately  that  isn't  too 
hard  for  him.  I  got  Gene  prepared  for  col- 
lege, too,  but  he  wanted  to  go  right  into  an 
office  in  Wall  street.  I  got  him  in  there,  but 
it  was  too  quiet  and  tame  for  him.  Lord 
have  mercy  on  his  soul;  and  then,  two 
years  ago,  he  wanted  to  go  on  the  police 
force,  and  he  went. 

"After  he  went  down  the  street  yester- 
day I  found  a  little  book  on  a  chair,  a  little 
list  of  the  streets  or  something,  that  Gene 
had  forgot.  I  knew  how  particular  they 
are  about  such  things,  and  I  didn't  want 
the  boy  to  get  in  trouble,  and  so  I  threw  on 
a  shawl  and  walked  over  through  Chambers 
street  toward  the  river  to  find  him.  He  was 
standing  on  a  corner  some  place  down  there 
near  the  bridge  clapping  time  with  his 
hands  for  a  little  newsy  that  was  dancing; 
but  he  stopped  clapping,  struck.  Gene  did, 
when  he  saw  me.  He  laughed  when  I 
handed  him  the  little  book  and  told  that 
was  why  I'd  searched  for  him,  patting  me 
on  the  shoulder  when  he  laughed — patting 
me  on  the  shoulder. 

-fit's  a  bad  place  for  you  here,  Gene,' 


64 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


I  said.  'Then  it  must  be  bad  for  you,  too, 
mammy,'  said  he;  and  as  he  walked  to  the 
end  of  his  beat  with  me — it  was  dark  then 
—  he  said,  'There  are  lots  of  crooks  here, 
mother,  and  they  know  and  hate  me  and 
they're  afraid  of  me'  —  proud,  he  said  it 
— 'but  maybe  they'll  get  me  some  night.' 
He  patted  me  on  the  back  and  turned  and 
walked  east  toward  his  death.  Wasn't  it 
strange  that  Gene  said  that? 

"You  know  how  he  was  killed,  of  course, 
and  how —  Now  let  me  talk  about  it, 
children,  if  I  want  to.  I  promised  you, 
didn't  I,  that  I  wouldn't  cry  any  more  or 
carry  on?  Well,  it  was  five  o'clock  this 
morning  when  a  boy  rang  the  bell  here  at 
the  house  and  I  looked  out  the  window  and 
said,  'Is  Gene  dead?'  'No,  ma'am,'  an- 
swered the  lad,  'but  they  told  me  to  tell 
you  he  was  hurt  in  a  fire  and  is  in  the  hos- 
pital.' Jerry,  my  other  boy,  had  opened 
the  door  for  the  lad  and  was  talking  to  him 
while  I  dressed  a  bit.  And  then  I  walked 
down  stairs  and  saw  Jerry  standing  silent 
under  the  gaslight,  and  I  said  again,  'Jerry, 
is  Gene  dead?'  And  he  said  'Yes,'  and  he 
went  out. 

"After  a  while  I  went  down  to  the  Oak 
Street  Station  myself,  because  I  couldn't 
wait  for  Jerry  to  come  back.  The  police- 
men all  stopped  talking  when  I  came  in, 
and  then  one  of  them  told  me  it  was  against 
the  rules  to  show  me  Gene  at  that  time. 
But  I  knew  the  policeman  only  thought 
I'd  break  down,  but  I  promised  him  I 
wouldn't  carry  on,  and  he  took  me  into 
a  room  to  let  me  see  Gene.  It  was  Gene. 

"I  know  to-day  how  they  killed  him. 
The  poor  boy  that  shot  him  was  standing 
in  Chatham  Square  arguing  wnth  another 
man  when  Gene  told  him  to  move  on. 
When  the  j'oung  man  wouldn't,  but  only 
answered  back.  Gene  shoved  him,  and  the 
young  man  pulled  a  revolver  and  shot  Gene 
in  the  face,  and  he  died  before  Father 
Rafferty,  of  St.  James's,  got  to  him.  God 
rest  his  soul.  A  lot  of  policemen  heard  the 
shot  and  they  all  came  running  with  their 
pistols  and  clubs  in  their  hands.  Police- 
man Laux — I'll  never  forget  his  name  or 
any  of  the  others  that  ran  to  help  Gene — 
came  down  the  Bowery  and  ran  out  into 


the  middle  of  the  square  where  Gene 
lay. 

"When  the  man  that  shot  Gene  saw  the 
policemen  coming,  he  crouched  down  and 
shot  at  Policeman  Laux,  but,  thank  God, 
he  missed  him.  Then  policemen  named 
Harrington  and  Rouke  and  Moran  and 
Kehoe  chased  the  man  all  around  the 
streets  there,  some  heading  him  off  when 
he  tried  to  run  into  that  street  that  goes  off 
at  an  angle — East  Broadway,  is  it? — a 
big  crowd  had  come  out  of  Chinatown  now 
and  was  chasing  the  man,  too,  until  Police- 
men Rouke  and  Kehoe  got  him  backed  up 
against  a  wall.  WTien  Policeman  Kehoe 
came  up  close,  the  man  shot  his  pistol  right 
at  Kehoe  and  the  bullet  grazed  Kehoe's 
helmet. 

"All  the  policemen  jumped  at  the  man 
then,  and  one  of  them  knocked  the  pistol 
out  of  his  hand  with  a  blow  of  a  club.  They 
beat  him,  this  Billy  Morley,  so  Jerry  says 
his  name  is,  but  they  had  to  because  he 
fought  so  hard.  They  told  me  this  evening 
that  it  will  go  hard  with  the  unfortunate 
murderer,  because  Jerry  says  that  when  a 
man  named  Frank  O'Hare,  who  was  ar- 
rested tliis  evening  charged  with  stealing 
cloth  or  something,  was  being  taken  into 
headquarters,  he  told  Detective  Gegan 
that  he  and  a  one-armed  man  who  an- 
swered to  the  description  of  Morley,  the 
young  man  who  killed  Gene,  had  a  drink 
last  night  in  a  saloon  at  Twenty-second 
street  and  Avenue  A  and  that  when  the 
one-armed  man  was  leaving  the  saloon  he 
turned  and  said,  'Boys,  I'm  going  out  now 
to  bang  a  guy  with  buttons.' 

"  They  haven't  brought  me  Gene's 
body  yet.  Coroner  Shrady,  so  my  Jerry 
says,  held  Billy  Morley,  the  murderer, 
without  letting  him  get  out  on  bail,  and  I 
suppose  that  in  a  case  like  this  they  have  to 
do  a  lot  of  things  before  they  can  let  me 
have  the  body  here.  If  Gene  only  hadn't 
died  before  Father  Rafferty  got  to  him, 
I'd  be  happier.  He  didn't  need  to  make 
his  confession,  you  know,  but  it  would 
have  been  better,  wouldn't  it?  He  wasn't 
bad,  and  he  went  to  mass  on  Sunday  with- 
out being  told;  and  even  in  Lent,  when  we 
always  say  the  rosary  out  loud  in  the  din- 


POLICE  NEWS   AND   CRIME 


6S 


ing-room  every  night,  Gene  himself  said 
to  me  the  day  after  Ash  Wednesday, 
'If  you  want  to  say  the  rosary  at  noon, 
mammy,  before  I  go  out,  instead  of  at 
night  when  I  can't  be  here,  we'll  do  it.' 

"God  will  see  that  Gene's  happy  to- 
night, won't  he,  after  Gene  said  that?"  the 
mother  asked  as  she  walked  out  into  the 
hallway  with  her  black-robed  daughters 
grouped  behind  her.  "I  know  he  will," 
she  said,  "and  I'll — "  She  stopped  with 
an  arm  resting  on  the  banister  to  support 
her.  "I — I  know  I  promised  you,  girls," 
said  Gene's  mother,  "that  I'd  try  not  to 
cry  any  more,  but  I  can't  help  it."  And 
she  turned  toward  the  wall  and  covered  her 
face  with  her  apron. 


MURDER 

Kansas  City  Star 

A  boy  of  19,  carefree,  enamored  of  the 
life  of  the  road,  ran  away  from  a  good  home 
in  Elm  Grove,  Kas.,  on  a  sunny  day  last 
March. 

Down  in  the  wilds  of  Northern  Arkansas, 
riding  in  a  freight  car,  one  day  in  the  mid- 
dle of  March,  a  brakeman  came  upon  him 
and  they  fought — the  brakeman  angered 
at  the  lad,  the  boy  hot  with  the  lust  of 
youth  that  welcomes  a  fray. 

The  boy,  Charles  Hyde,  hit  the  brake- 
man  on  the  head  with  a  bolt.  The  brake- 
man  went  down,  like  a  shot  thing,  and  fell 
from  the  car  under  the  flying  wheels,  which 
ground  him  to  death. 

Then  the  boy  went  on.  Later  he  heard 
a  coroner's  jury  had  reached  a  verdict  of 
"accidental  death." 

Then  began  the  flight.  It  was  flight — 
not  from  the  far-reaching  arm  of  the  law; 
for  the  verdict  of  the  backwoods  jury  had 
placed  no  suspicion  on  any  man.  But  it 
was  flight  from  a  dread  thing  that  haunted 
him,  making  his  nights  of  no  comfort  and 
his  days  of  dark  despair. 

Conscience,  men  call  it,  and  Retribution. 
But  by  whatever  name,  under  whatever 
guise,  the  dread  thing  caught  the  boy  at 
last,  caught  and  enfolded  him.  And  the  lad 
who  had  been  carefree  a  few  short  months 


ago,  now  a  trembling,  quaking,  white- 
faced  wreck,  stumbled  into  the  Mulberry 
Street  police  station,  down  in  the  West 
Bottoms  yesterday — and  surrendered. 

"I  killed  a  man,"  he  said.  "I  killed  a 
man  when  I  didn't  have  any  idea  of 
doing  it.  And  he's  been  after  me.  I've 
got  to  give  myself  up;  I've  got  to  con- 
fess. It's  the  only  way  I  can  get  rid  of 
it." 

They  heard  the  boy  out,  those  police- 
men in  the  bottoms,  not  understanding, 
sensing  only  dimly  the  fear  that  was  on 
him.  Then  they  took  him  to  police  head- 
quarters and  wired  to  the  authorities  in 
Arkansas. 

"Last  night  wasn't  so  bad,"  said  Hyde 
at  police  headquarters  this  morning.  "It 
wasn't  so  bad,  now  that  I  have  given  my- 
self up.  That's  made  me  feel  better.  But 
all  the  other  nights  since  it  happened  have 
been  hell.  We'd  be  fighting  in  the  car 
again,  with  the  wheels  clicking  away  un- 
derneath us,  him  hot  and  gettin'  the  best 
of  me.  Then  I'd  stumble  against  something 
and  pick  it  up  and  feel  it  in  my  hands,  and 
know  he  was  mine. 

"My  God!"  said  Charles  Hyde,  help- 
less toy  of  fate,  entrapped  in  the  coils  of 
a  retributive  nemesis.  "My  God!"  And 
he  covered  his  gaunt  boy's  face  with  shak- 
ing hands. 

Back  and  forth,  up  and  down,  across  the 
harvest  lands  of  the  Middle  West,  went 
Hyde,  riding  in  freight  cars,  clinging  to  the 
rods  of  trans-continentals,  always  seeking 
to  escape  from  the  thing  that  pursued  him 
— and  always  failing.  In  the  hot  fields, 
laboring  with  his  hands,  staggering  in  the 
heat  of  the  day  but  pressing  on,  he  found 
no  surcease.  And  then,  despite  his  efforts, 
hard  work  brought  no  sleep  at  night.  And 
he  was  alone  with  his  fear. 

"I  know  the  law's  got  me,"  he  cried. 
"I  know  it  can  hang  me  or  put  me  in 
prison.  But  I  had  to  do  it.  I  had  to  give 
myself  up. 

"And  to  think  I  never  meant  to  kill  him, 
only  to  lay  him  out  and  make  him  let  me 
alone!" 

Then  Charles  Hyde  cried,  not  the  tears 
of  blessed  relief,  but  the  scalding  tears  of 


66 


TYPES   OF   NEWS   WRITING 


those  who  must  stand  helpless  and  non- 
understanding  before  grim-countenanced 
Fate. 


A  WAYWARD  GIRL 

Chicago  Herald 

They  called  her  Mandy  on  the  farm  and 
they  made  much  of  her. 

She  was  the  only  daughter  the  Noyers 
had  and  nothing  was  too  good  for  her.  So 
"dad"  said^and  mother  agreed. 

Mandy  didn't  realize  how  happy  she  was. 
She  was  ambitious  and  wished  to  see  the 
city.  She  had  an  aunt  in  Chicago,  Mrs.  H. 
Bole,  of  1856  Dolphin  street.  Why  couldn't 
she  go  to  Chicago,  study  stenography  and 
live  with  auntie? 

Her  parents  didn't  like  to  have  her  go, 
but  she  insisted.  So  they  kissed  her  and 
sent  her  away. 

She  went  to  the  Weston  School  at  175 
North  Wabash  avenue  for  some  time — and 
then,  last  June,  she  had  a  quarrel  with  her 
aunt  and  went  to  live  at  1809  West  Wilson 
street. 

She  made  the  acquaintance  of  Thomas 
Hazen  of  4009  Jackson  boulevard  and 
Mandy  quit  the  school.  Only  she  wasn't 
Mandy  any  more.  Her  name  was  Thelma 
Beyers. 

Hazen  and  the  girl,  who  is  only  16  years 
old,  were  arrested  by  Detective  Sergeant 
George  E.  McCormick  and  Mandy  wept 
and  told  her  story. 

It  had  been  a  gay  life,  she  said,  fasci- 
nating and  swift. 

But  if  mother  and  "dad"  down  in  Sid- 
don,  111.,  wiU  forgive  her  she  will  go  home 
and  stay  there  for  good. 

But  Mandy  is  needed  as  a  witness  against 
Hazen  and  five  other  young  men  for  whom 
warrants  were  obtained  yesterday. 

And  she  will  have  to  appear  against  the 
proprietors  of  the  Congress  Cafe,  Charley 
West's,  the  Caf6  De  Luxe,  the  Delaware, 
and  eight  or  ten  other  caf^s  which  sold  her 
gin  fizzes,  highballs  and  other  drinks;  and 
against  the  owners  and  proprietors  of  eight 
or  ten  hotels  that  admitted  her — a  girl  just 
out  of  short  skirts — without  asking  ques- 
tions. 


Then  there  is  a  woman  of  a  good  family 
on  the  West  Side  who  will  be  charged  with 
contributing  to  the  delinquency  of  a  minor. 

So  it  will  be  a  long  time  before  Mandy 
can  go  home. 


VIOLATION  OF  MANN  ACT 

Kansas  City  Star 

Michael  O'Rourke  loved  his  wife  and  his 
two  little  daughters  and  their  little  home. 
That  was  in  Airdale  eight  years  ago. 

Then  one  day  Michael  discovered  some- 
thing that  broke  him  up  completely.  His 
little  girls'  mother  was  not  the  kind  of 
woman  he  had  believed  her  to  be.  It  cost 
Michael  more  than  outsiders  could  realize, 
but  he  got  a  divorce.  The  court  gave  him 
the  custody  of  his  daughters,  Rosie  and 
Maggie. 

He  brought  them  to  Kansas  City  in  an 
effort  to  forget — and  to  get  away  from 
their  mother.  He  put  them  in  St.  Joseph's 
Orphan  Home,  Thirty-first  and  Jefferson 
streets,  and  went  to  work  there  himself  as 
coachman. 

But  the  mother  did  not  stay  in  Airdale. 
She  followed  her  children  here  and  tried 
to  take  them  away  from  the  home.  Several 
times  she  tried  it,  but  the  watch  kept  on 
the  little  girls  was  too  close  and  she  did 
not  succeed.  At  last,  Michael,  fearing  that 
sooner  or  later  he  would  lose  them,  gave  up 
his  job  and  took  the  girls  away.  Rosie,  the 
elder,  did  not  want  to  go.  Even  in  those 
days  she  was  attached  to  her  mother. 

Michael  took  Rosie  and  Maggie  to  Se- 
attle, where  he  put  them  in  a  convent. 
Most  of  his  earnings  went  to  pay  for  keep- 
ing them  there.  After  a  year  or  two  he 
joined  the  navy  and  intrusted  to  Uncle 
Sam  the  payments  for  their  education  from 
his  wages  as  a  saUor. 

The  long  voyages  kept  him  from  seeing 
them  more  than  once  or  twice  a  year  and 
he  fancied  they  were  forgetting  him.  That, 
and  the  difficulty  of  providing  for  them  on 
what  he  was  earning,  made  him  desperate. 
He  deserted  the  navy.  He  took  his  daugh- 
ters from  the  convent  and  made  a  home 
for  them. 


POLICE  NEWS   AND   CRIME 


67 


One  day  when  he  was  away  at  work  a 
veiled  woman  drove  up  to  the  cottage  in  a 
motor  car. 

"Why,  it's  mamma!"  exclaimed  Rosie, 
and  rushed  to  greet  her. 

When  the  woman  drove  away,  the  girls 
and  their  belongings  went  with  her. 
Michael  came  home  that  night  to  an  empty 
house. 

He  found  them  in  Airdale — in  their 
mother's  house,  where  the  blinds  were 
drawn  all  day  long.  He  started  habeas 
corpus  proceedings  and  got  back  the 
younger  girl,  then  15  years  old.  Rosie  had 
become  18  in  the  meantime  and  refused  to 
leave  her  mother. 

Michael  took  Maggie  to  St.  Louis  and 
put  her  in  a  convent  there.  Up  to  this  time 
the  government  officials  had  not  troubled 
him  and  he  had  almost  forgotten  that  his 
desertion  was  still  hanging  over  him.  But 
someone  told,  and  Michael  was  arrested. 
He  was  convicted  and  taken  to  the  naval 
prison  in  New  Hampshire. 

A  short  time  later  a  woman  in  a  motor 
car  stole  Maggie  from  the  convent.   This 
time  there  was  no  one  to  follow  them. 

Yesterday  in  Airdale  a  house  was  raided 
by  government  officers.  Rosie  and  Maggie 
were  found  there.  Their  mother,  who  is 
known  now  as  Mrs.  Pearl  Perkins,  was 
arrested.  She  was  charged  with  transport- 
ing Rosie  from  Seattle  in  violation  of  the 
Mann  Act.  She  will  be  arraigned  before 
the  United  States  commissioner  in  Spring- 
field today. 

Rosie  has  gone  far  on  the  path  her 
mother  led  her.  Maggie  was  rescued  from 
the  same  life  in  the  nick  of  time. 

Michael,  in  his  cell,  can  only  wonder 
what  has  become  of  them. 


CAPTURE  OF  ESCAPED  CONVICT 

Chicago  Inter  Ocean 

Every  evening  at  5:33  a  fast  train 
whizzes  through  the  mining  town  of  Den- 
ville,  111.,  favoring  the  little,  box-like  sta- 
tion with  a  derisive  flirt  of  its  tail  car  as 
it  takes  a  curve.  Every  evening  at  5:30, 
except  when  infrequent  duties  interfere,  it 


is  the  custom  of  the  village  constable  of 
Denville  to  saunter  up  to  the  "deepo" 
and  solemnly  watch  the  flyer  pass.  Once, 
they  say,  a  pretty  girl  waved  to  him  from  a 
Pullman  window. 

George  Brown,  station  agent  at  Denville, 
knows  the  constable's  time  as  well  as  that 
of  the  train.  When  he  thought  it  was  get- 
ting pretty  near  the  hour  for  the  appear- 
ance of  constable  and  flyer  yesterday  after- 
noon, he  looked  at  his  watch.  It  was  5:20 
o'clock. 

The  station  agent  was  particularly  anx- 
ious to  see  the  constable,  for  he  had  real 
news  to  relate.  A  short  time  before,  an- 
swering a  ring  at  the  station  telephone,  he 
had  been  informed  by  the  deputy  warden 
at  Joliet  penitentiary  that  Matthew  Starn, 
a  life  convict,  with  two  coldblooded  mur- 
ders to  his  discredit,  had  escaped  from  the 
prison  and  was  believed  to  be  headed  in  the 
direction  of  Denville. 

"He's  a  cool  hand  and  a  mighty  desper- 
ate man,"  warned  the  warden.  "Don't 
take  any  chances  with  him  if  you  see  him." 

A  few  minutes  later,  while  Brown  wa3 
straining  his  ears  for  the  distant  sound  of 
the  flyer's  whistle  and  his  eyes  for  a  glimpse 
of  the  constable,  a  man  wearing  an  ill- 
fitting,  rough,  all-enveloping  garment  of 
blue  and  a  blue  cap  of  the  same  material, 
walked  into  the  station. 

"When  is  the  next  train  to  St.  Louis?" 
he  asked,  his  eyes  boring  into  Brown's. 

The  station  agent  had  instantly  recog- 
nized the  odd  garb  of  the  man  before  him 
as  the  Joliet  uniform.  He  fought  to  keep 
his  tone  even  and  casual  as  he  replied: 

"Can't  get  out  tonight." 

Brown  turned  away,  pretending  to  con- 
sult a  time  card  hung  behind  the  wicket. 
Really  he  was  looking  out  the  window, 
hoping  to  see  the  familiar  form  of  the  con- 
stable. 

"Well,  ain't  you  curious  about  me?"  de- 
manded his  visitor.  "  How  do  you  think  I 
got  here?" 

"  Beat  a  freight,  I  suppose,"  Brown  has- 
tily guessed.  "That's  against  the  rules, 
but  I  always  have  a  lot  of  sympathy  for 
a  man  like  you.  What's  your  trouble?  " 

"Broke!"  said  his  visitor,  tersely.    "I 


68 


TYPES   OF   NEWS   WRITING 


ain't  had  nothing  but  hard  luck  these  last 
five  years. 

In  the  distance  the  whistle  of  the  flyer 
tooted.  The  man  in  blue  eyed  a  stack  of 
bills  in  the  open  cash  drawer. 

"I  don't  know  whether  to  beat  it  or  to — 
to  visit  a  while  with  you,"  he  murmured, 
glancing  at  the  station  door,  and  then  back 
again  at  the  cash  drawer. 

Brown  consulted  the  time  card  again — 
and  looked  out  the  window,  inwardly 
breathing  a  prayer.  Sure  enough,  there 
was  the  constable,  trudging  down  the  road 
toward  the  station,  a  bit  behind  schedule 
but  not  speeding  to  make  up  lost  time. 

"I  guess  you — you'd  better — stay!" 
said  the  agent. 

Brown  went  through  a  few  tense  mo- 
ments after  that  remark,  that  he  said 
later  he  wouldn't  e.xperience  again  "if 
they  made  me  president  of  the  road." 

The  constable  took  up  his  stand,  not  on 
the  station  platform,  as  usual,  but  a  couple 
of  hundred  feet  away.  Stolidly  he  watched 
the  flyer  pass,  then  looked  undecidedly 
toward  the  station.  He  seemed  to  be  de- 
bating whether  or  not  to  forego  his  routine 
visit  with  the  agent.  Twice  he  turned  his 
back  and  started  away,  only  to  halt,  wheel 
and  resume  his  meditation.  A  Niagara 
of  sweat  coursed  down  Brown's  cheeks  as 
he  waited.  The  man  in  blue  was  standing 
close  to  the  wicket,  still  peering  into  the 
drawer.  His  right  hand  was  in  his  hip 
pocket. 

Brown  dared  direct  his  gaze  out  the  win- 
dow no  longer.  He  stood  silently  watching 
his  blue-clad  visitor,  waiting  to  see  what 
would  be  in  his  hand  when  it  came  from 
the  bulging  hip  pocket. 

Then  the  station  door  opened.  In  it 
stood  the  constable.  He  took  in  the  sig- 
nificance of  the  blue  figure  as  Brown's 
sinister  visitor  wheeled,  and  the  Denville 
pohce  revolver,  rusty  with  age,  but  loaded, 
flashed  from  his  pocket. 

"  Hands  up!"  remarked  the  constable. 

Ten  minutes  later  Matthew  Stam,  es- 
caped "lifer,"  who  had  worsted  the  re- 
straining walls  of  Joliet,  was  held  securely 
a  prisoner  in  the  amateurish  village  cala- 
boose. 


Stam,  who  is  26,  shot  and  killed  two 
Joliet  business  men,  who  had  the  misfor- 
tune to  resist  him  when  he  robbed  their 
stores.  The  "five  years  of  hard  luck"  had 
been  spent  in  prison,  where,  despite  his 
criminal  record,  he  became  a  "trusty" 
through  good  conduct  in  the  penitentiary. 
At  7:30  o'clock  yesterday  morning  he  was 
given  a  message  to  deliver  outside  the 
prison  walls.  When  he  did  not  return  with- 
in an  hour  two  posses  of  guards,  deputies 
and  policemen  started  on  his  trail  and 
word  was  flashed  through  the  surrounding 
territory.  Denville  is  about  twenty  miles 
southeast  of  Joliet. 


STORY  OF  ESCAPED  CONVICT 
Chicago  News  * 

Lockup  Keeper  O'Malley  brought  him 
out  of  the  cell  in  the  detective  bureau  and 
he  stood  in  the  sun,  blinking — a  little  man 
with  brown  eyes  and  a  sober,  deadly  sober 
face. 

"A  fella  wants  to  see  you,  George 
O'Brien,"  said  Lockup  Keeper  O'Malley, 
and  left  the  little  man,  an  escaped  "lifer" 
from  Joliet,  standing  against  the  cell  wall 
and  blinking.  The  sun  that  came  through 
the  dirty  basement  window  fell  full  on  his 
face  and  he  stood  staring  into  it,  twisting 
his  felt  hat  in  his  hands. 

"They'll  take  me  back  in  the  morning," 
said  the  little  man,  as  if  he  were  talking  to 
himself,  as  if  he  were  repeating  something 
he  had  sat  up  all  night  in  his  cell  thinking 
about.  "And  I  won't  see  her.  I  want  to 
explain  to  her.   Good  God." 

It  was  a  prayer.  The  little  man's  throat 
trembled,  the  muscles  of  his  face  quivered 
and  his  eyes  glistened  in  the  sun. 

Four  days  ago  the  little  man  was  mar- 
ried, after  three  months  of  liberty.  Four- 
teen years  lay  behind  him  when  he  walked 
away  from  the  honor  farm  at  Joliet.  He 
told  the  story  himself,  the  whole  story 
without  any  omissions.  But  first  he  said 
again: 

"I  don't  care  so  much  about  going  back; 
I  'm  used  to  the  life  down  there.  But  they'll 
*  By  Ben  Hecht. 


POLICE   NEWS   AND   CRIME 


69 


put  me  in  solitary,  with  a  ball  and  chain  on 
my  feet,  and  I  won't  be  able  to  see  her  for 
six  months — if  I  don't  see  her  before  they 
take  me  back." 

Tears  came  now  and  rolled  over  the 
drawn  face  of  the  little  man  and  his  voice 
was  so  low  that  the  listener  had  to  bend 
down  to  hear. 

"She  didn't  know  about  my  being  an 
escaped  lifer,"  he  went  on.  "I  couldn't 
tell  her.  I  was  afraid.  She  was  the  first 
woman  who  smiled  at  me  after  fourteen 
years — when  I  got  my  job — and  she  was 
like  an  angel  to  me. 

"I  want  to  see  her  and  tell  her — so's  to 
let  her  know  all  about  it.  I'll  tell  it  to  you, 
and,  if  I  don't  see  her,  print  it  in  your 
paper  just  as  I  say — so's  she  can  know." 

The  little  man  seized  his  listener's  hand. 
He  couldn't  talk,  but  he  clung  to  the 
hand  until  his  voice  cleared,  and  then  he 
said:  "So  she'll  know  I  was  trying  to  live 
straight — so  she'll  not  think  I  was  all 
wrong." 

So  here's  your  husband's  story,  Mrs. 
O'Brien,  the  story  he  never  told  you  be- 
cause you  seemed  like  an  angel  to  him  and 
he  was  afraid  of  losing  you.  They'll  tie 
ball  and  chain  on  his  feet  and  seat  him  in  a 
cell  for  six  months  and  then  they'll  take 
the  baU  and  chain  off  and  let  him  live  in- 
side the  walls  the  rest  of  his  life.  Never 
mind  that.  He  said  he  didn't  care  if  he 
could  only  get  this  story  to  you,  so  that 
you  wouldn't  think  rotten  of  him,  Mrs. 
O'Brien. 

"If  I  could  only  see  her  for  a  minute," 
he  murmured,  and  then  he  went  on  as  he 
had  promised. 

"I  was  a  kid,"  he  said,  "about  17,  and 
I  had  a  good  home.  But  I  fell  in  with  a  lot 
of  fellows  who  weren't  any  good.  And  one 
of  them — Larsen — planned  to  hold  up 
somebody.  He  got  me  to  get  a  gun  for  him 
and  we  both  went  out.  The  gun  was  half 
cocked  and  it  went  off  in  the  holdup  and 
the  man  was  killed.  I  was  standing  away 
at  the  time.  I  was  a  kid.  They  sent  us 
both  up  for  life.  That  was  in  1901.  And  I 
lived  in  the  prison  until  July.  D'ye  under- 
stand? Every  day  was  the  same,  every 
night  was  the  same,  and  I  lived  in  the 


prison  for  fourteen  years.  D'ye  under- 
stand? And  they  made  me  an  honor  con- 
vict. 

The  little  man  laughed. 

"I  saw  fellas  come  for  worse  things  than 
I'd  done — regular  criminals — and  get 
out,  pardoned.  And  they'd  come  back 
again — and  get  out.  And  I  lived  in  the 
prison.  Fourteen  years.  All  the  time  I  was 
yoimg.  Every  day  was  the  same.  And  I 
dreamed  of  gettin' out.  But  they  wouldn't 
pardon  me.  I  never  knew  any  politicians. 
I  was  only  a  kid  when  they  sent  me  up. 

"And  every  night  was  the  same.  Good 
God.  I  wanted  to  get  out.  I  wanted  to 
live.  I  knew  I  was  straight.  There  was 
nothing  wrong  with  me.  I  was  only  a  kid 
when  it  happened.  And  I  learned  in  the 
prison.  It  was  fourteen  years." 

The  little  man's  face  was  shaking  and 
his  hands  trembled  as  if  they  were  on  fine 
springs. 

"So  one  day  I  walked  out.  I  was  an 
honor  convict.  I  broke  my  pledge.  But 
I  knew,  I  knew  I  could  be  straight.  And  I 
wanted  to  live.  Every  day  was  the  same 
down  there.  Tell  her  that,"  said  the  little 
man.  "You  can  write  it  better'n  I  can 
talk  it.  But  get  it  to  her — I  was  only  a 
kid  when  they  sent  me  up — and  every 
day  was  the  same  and  I  wanted  to  live. 
Then  I  got  out.  I  went  to  Lakeside  and 
boarded.  My  brother  knew,  but  didn't 
tell.  He  gave  me  a  chance.  I  got  a  job. 
They  didn't  ask  me  for  references.  It  was 
with  the  American  Motor  Machine  Com- 
pany. The  fella  looked  at  me  and  hired 
me.  I  worked.  They  raised  my  pay  after 
I'd  been  there  a  month.  I  was  livin' 
straight. 

"And  then  I  met  Sarah  Wilson.  She 
worked  in  the  office.  I  used  to  dream  of 
women — of  some  one  like  her — and  she 
liked  me,  even  though  I  am  a  Uttle  fella. 
Aw  say,  she  was  an  angel.  If  I  could  only 
see  her  for  a  minute — to  tell  her." 

The  little  man  was  shaking  all  over. 

"We  got  married  four  days  ago,"  he 
went  on,  "  and  I  had  it  all  planned.  No- 
body was  goin'  to  know  about  me  bein' 
a  lifer.  I  was  goin'  to  forget  it  myself.  Say, 
I  was  happy." 


70 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


A  rare  smile  came  into  the  little  man's 
face. 

"Say,  I  had  a  home — a  home." 

The  smile  changed  and  he  laughed  in  a 
peculiar  way.  He  laughed  until  Lockup 
Keeper  O'Malley  looked  up  and  said:  "Cut 
it  out!"  And  then  he  went  on  talking. 

"I  had  it  all  planned — every  bit.  I 
was  a  good  worker,  had  a  job  in  the  stock- 
room. I  was  going  to  Uve  with  her.  Last 
night  she  called  me  out  of  the  kitchen. 
I  was  fixing  the  sink.  I  came  out  all  smil- 
ing. I  hked  company  and  she  said  there 
was  someone  to  see  me. 

"  I  came  out.  God.  I'U  never  forget.  I 
came  out  in  my  slippers — say,  they  were 
waitin'  at  the  door,  six  of  them.  And  they 
took  me  away.  They  didn't  let  me  talk 
to  her.  They  took  me  away  and  I  won't 
see  her  again — if  she  don't  hurry  up  and 
come.  They'U  take  me  down  this  morn- 
ing. But  I  don't  care  if  you'U  print  this 
story — say,  I  don't  care.  I'm  used  to  it. 
Only  get  it  over  to  her — God — and  I'll 
pray  for  you." 

"George  O'Brien!"  called  a  voice  down 
the  stairway,  "He's  here,"  said  Lockup 
Keeper  O'Malley.  Two  men,  one  of  them 
the  parole  agent,  came  walking  down  the 
steps.  "They're  takin'  me  back,"  whis- 
pered the  little  man.  The  two  men  walked 
over  to  him.  One  of  them  dangled  a  pair 
of  handcuffs. 


SUICIDE  OR  ACCIDENT 

New  York  Mail 

With  gas  pouring  from  an  open  jet  in  a 
bathroom  adjoining  his  sleeping  room, 
Frederick  H.  Herman,  the  indicted  ex- 
president  of  the  Universal  Reserve  Life  In- 
surance Company,  was  found  dead  in  his 
bed  to-day  at  his  home,  851  East  Seventy- 
eighth  street. 

He  drew  his  last  breath  just  as  his  family 
entered  the  room. 

Members  of  Mr.  Herman's  family  scouted 
the  theory  of  suicide,  declaring  that  his 
death  was  purely  the  result  of  an  accident. 
The  police  reported  the  case  as  a  "sup- 
posed suicide  from  gas  poisoning." 


Coroner  AcritelU,  after  making  an  ex- 
amination of  Mr.  Herman's  room,  said 
that  death  undoubtedly  had  been  due  to 
accidental  gas  asphyxiation. 

The  coroner  said  that  his  physician. 
Dr.  Weston,  would  make  an  examination 
of  the  body  this  afternoon,  and  that  an 
inquest  would  be  held  later  this  week. 

Dr.  Ralph  Wilson,  of  836  Madison  ave- 
nue, who  was  summoned  immechately,  de- 
clared that  the  gas  in  the  room  was  not 
enough  to  have  caused  death  alone,  and 
that  Mr.  Herman  had  died  from  a  combina- 
tion of  heart  trouble  and  gas  inhalation. 

Mr.  Herman,  said  Dr.  Wilson,  also  had 
been  a  sufferer  from  diabetes,  and  in  his 
weakened  condition  was  not  so  able  to  re- 
sist the  influence  of  the  gas  as  a  man  in 
normal  health. 

The  discovery  was  made  by  Mrs.  Her- 
man at  5.30  a.  m.  She  slept  in  a  room  along- 
side that  of  her  husband.  On  awaking  she 
smelled  gas  and  went  to  Mr.  Herman's 
room  to  investigate. 

Adjoining  the  bedroom  is  a  bathroom, 
the  door  of  which  was  open.  The  gas  was 
coming  from  that  room. 

Mrs.  Herman  hurriedly  summoned  the 
butler,  who  went  into  the  bathroom  and 
foimd  that  the  valve  of  a  pipe  leading  to  a 
small  gas  heater  was  open.  This  he  shut  off. 

Dr.  Wilson  was  telephoned  for,  but  be- 
fore he  arrived  Mr.  Herman  was  dead. 
Two  or  three  minutes  after  Mrs.  Herman 
entered  her  husband's  room  his  son,  Fred- 
erick R.,  went  there  in  response  to  his 
mother's  call.  He  found  his  father  propped 
up  in  his  bed  just  breathing.  At  the  elder 
Herman's  side  lay  an  opened  magazine  and 
his  eyeglasses. 

Windows  were  thrown  open  and  an  at- 
tempt made  to  revive  Mr.  Herman  but  it 
was  imsuccessful. 

The  gas  was  carried  to  the  heater  by 
a  pipe  that  led  from  the  wall.  There  were 
two  valves  on  the  pipe,  one  near  the  wall 
and  the  other  near  the  heater. 

The  family  declares  that  the  lower  valve 
had  been  turned  off,  but  that  the  one  at  the 
wall  was  on  full  and  in  some  way  the  gas 
had  succeeded  in  escaping. 

John  L.  O'Brien,  the  personal  counsel 


POLICE  NEWS   AND   CRIME 


71 


for  Frederick  H.  Herman,  was  notified  of 
his  client's  death  and  arrived  at  the  house 
shortly  after.  Mr.  O'Brien  saw  reporters 
who  called  at  the  house,  explaining  that 
members  of  the  family  did  not  care  to  be 
interviewed. 

Mr.  O'Brien  denied  that  Mr.  Herman 
committed  suicide.  He  said  that  the  cir- 
cumstances surrounding  his  death  made 
it  appear  that  it  had  been  accidental. 

"  Mr.  Herman's  death  was  purely  acci- 
dental; of  that  I  am  convinced,"  said  Mr. 
O'Brien.  "He  was  not  worried  by  the  civil 
litigation  in  which  he  was  engaged  with  the 
receivers  of  the  Universal  Reserve  Life 
Insurance  Company,  and  he  long  ago  be- 
came satisfied  that  he  would  never  be 
brought  to  trial  for  the  criminal  indict- 
ment that  was  hanging  over  his  head  in 
connection  with  the  alleged  misuse  of 
money  to  influence  legislation  at  Albany. 

"If  it  had  been  Mr.  Herman's  plan  to 
take  his  life  by  gas  he  would  have  gone  about 
it  differently.  The  gas  in  his  own  room  was 
turned  off,  and  it  is  reasonable  to  assume 
that  if  he  had  had  suicide  in  mind  he  would 
have  turned  on  the  gas  in  his  room. 

"  He  was  fully  twenty  feet  away  from 
the  gas  heater  in  the  bathroom  and  there 
was  a  constant  current  of  air  flowing  be- 
tween the  two  rooms. 

"There  was  some  trouble  with  the  fur- 
nace, and  Mr.  Herman,  who  likes  his  room 
warm,  had  turned  on  the  gas  in  the  bath- 
room. Air  was  coming  from  the  open  fur- 
nace register. 

"  It  is  evident  that  Mr.  Herman  had  been 
reading,  had  gone  into  the  bathroom  and 
turned  off  the  valve  near  the  heater,  had 
then  returned  to  bed,  read  a  while,  and 
finally  turned  out  his  own  gas. 

"He  went  to  bed  at  11.30,  and  must 
have  remained  up  reading  through  the 
night. 

"I  had  never  seen  Mr  Herman  more 
optimistic  than  he  was  in  the  last  few  weeks. 
He  had  been  busily  engaged  with  me  in 
preparing  for  litigation  in  connection  with 
the  Universal  Reserve  Company  affairs. 
He  had  no  financial  troubles  that  I  know 
of.  His  family  life  was  most  peaceful  and 
happy." 


Mr.  Herman's  bedroom  was  on  the  sec- 
ond floor,  directly  over  the  parlor.  Other 
members  of  his  family  slept  on  the  same 
floor  and  the  servants  on  the  floor  above. 

Mr.  Herman's  son,  Frederick  R.,  his 
daughter-in-law,  Ethel,  and  the  latter's 
mother,  Mrs.  William  Wilson  of  961  Col- 
umbia Avenue,  Worcester,  Mass.,  were  in 
the  house.  Mrs.  Wilson  had  come  to  New 
York  to  spend  the  holidays  with  her 
daughter  and  son-in-law. 

Dr.  Wilson,  on  being  questioned  by  re- 
porters, said: 

"The  case  appeared  to  be  purely  acci- 
dental. The  gas  was  escaping  from  the 
stove,  and  from  all  appearances,  after  Mr. 
Herman  had  turned  off  the  gas,  he  acci- 
dentally turned  it  on  again.  Mr.  Herman 
had  a  weak  heart,  and  the  gas  undoubtedly 
affected  him  more  quickly  than  it  would  a 
person  with  a  stronger  heart." 

Dr.  WUson  said  that  shortly  before  6 
a.  m.  he  called  up  the  coroner's  office  to 
report  the  death,  and  a  clerk  there  told 
him  to  notify  the  police.  This  was  done, 
according  to  the  physician,  and  a  pohce- 
man  from  the  East  Sixty-seventh  street 
station  arrived  at  the  house.  ' 

An  ambulance  was  also  sent  to  the  resi- 
dence, although,  according  to  Dr.  Wilson, 
he  had  told  the  police  that  he  was  a  phy- 
sician and  that  Mr.  Herman  had  been  dead 
for  some  time. 


Note.  —  The  different  points  of  view  from 
which  the  same  facts  may  he  told  in  news  stories 
are  very  well  shown  in  the  two  following  ex- 
amples. 

SUICIDE 

(1) 
New  York  World 

Facing  starvation,  Victor  Schwartz  and 
his  wife,  Louise,  a  respectable  old  Swiss 
couple,  committed  suicide  yesterday  by  in- 
haling illuminating  gas  in  their  rooms  back 
of  a  small  confectionery  and  stationery 
store,  which  they  carried  on  at  No.  85 
Arnold  street,  Williamsburg. 

Each  was  sixty-seven  years  old.  They 
had  made  careful  preparations  for  their 


72 


TYPES   OF  NEWS   WRITING 


deaths.  Every  hole  and  crevice  in  their 
sparsely  furnished  rooms  had  been  plugged 
with  paper  and  rags,  and  in  several  places 
tacks  had  been  driven  into  the  woodwork 
to  make  sure  that  neither  the  rags  nor  paper 
would  become  dislodged.  It  was  this  ham- 
mering on  Sunday  night  which  caused 
neighbors  to  wonder  what  the  old  couple 
were  doing,  as  they  always  retired  before 
10  o'clock. 

When  the  Schwartzes  rented  the  store 
and  two  rooms  back  of  it  eight  months  ago 
for  $12  a  month,  they  told  neighbors  that 
three  years  before  their  only  child,  a 
daughter  of  thirty-one  years,  had  died. 
They  said  they  had  never  recovered  from 
the  shock. 

Business  during  the  summer  had  been 
very  poor,  and  of  late  Schwartz  and  his  wife 
had  a  hard  struggle  to  get  along.  The 
woman  frequently  told  neighbors  that  she 
beUeved  their  misfortune  would  soon  end. 
On  Sunday  evening  Schwartz  and  his  wife 
distributed  much  of  their  stock  in  the  store 
to  the  children  in  the  neighborhood.  It  is 
evident  that  they  had  decided  on  suicide. 

Mrs.  Rose  Black,  who  has  a  grocery  ad- 
joining the  Schwartz  store,  and  Mrs.  Kate 
Week,  a  second  floor  tenant,  heard  the 
couple  hammering  in  their  rooms  up  to 
midnight  Simday,  and  yesterday  at  day- 
break the  two  women  were  the  first  to  de- 
tect the  odor  of  illuminating  gas  from  the 
Schwartz  apartments.  Policeman  McCaf- 
frey, of  the  Hamburg  avenue  station,  was 
called  in  and,  forcing  an  entrance,  found 
Schwartz  sitting  dead  in  a  chair  in  the 
kitchen,  fully  dressed.  He  had  one  end  of  a 
rubber  tube  in  his  mouth,  the  other  end  of 
which  was  fixed  to  an  open  gas  burner.  The 
woman  lay  dead  on  her  bed  in  a  night  dress 
with  a  rubber  tube  in  her  mouth,  fastened 
to  another  open  gas  burner.  Ambulance 
Surgeon  Sibbel,  who  came  from  the  Ger- 
man Hospital,  said  the  couple  had  been 
dead  several  hours.  On  a  small  card  was  a 
request  that  Edward  Black  be  telephoned 
for  at  "421  Thirty-eighth  street."  A  dime 
lay  on  the  card  to  pay  for  the  telephone  mes- 
sage. In  the  room  was  found  67  cents.  The 
bodies  were  removed  to  the  Brooklyn 
Morgue. 


(2) 

New  York  Times 

"Auntie  Schwartz"  was  the  way  in 
which  Mrs.  Louise  Schwartz  soon  came  to 
be  known  to  the  children  of  the  neighbor- 
hood when  she  and  her  husband,  Victor, 
each  of  them  67  years  old,  opened  a  small 
candy  and  stationery  store  at  85  Arnold 
Street,  WiUiamsburg,  about  eight  months 
ago. 

Her  small  customers  just  kept  the  busi- 
ness going  in  the  little  shop,  but  it  was  a 
penny  business,  and  when  the  rent  of  the 
store  was  raised  recently  from  $12  to  $15 
a  month,  "Auntie"  Schwartz  almost  de- 
spaired of  continuing  to  make  a  living.  Her 
face  grew  sad  and  careworn,  and  one  day, 
when  one  of  her  little  customers  was  griev- 
ing over  the  loss  of  a  pet  doll  which  a  dog 
had  chewed  up,  "Auntie"  Schwartz  did 
not  console  her  with  a  cheerful  word  and  a 
chocolate  drop  or  two,  as  she  was  wont  to 
do.  Instead  she  took  her  on  her  lap  and 
told  of  the  little  girl  she  had  lost  three  years 
ago.  She  did  not  explain  that  her  "little 
girl"  had  been  31  years  old,  and  that  she 
had  helped  greatly  in  making  a  living  for 
the  old  folks,  who  were  now  staggering  un- 
der the  burden  of  age,  increased  rent,  and 
a  precarious  trade.  The  old  people  seemed 
always  oppressed  by  the  sadness  of  the  loss 
of  their  only  child. 

Day  by  day  recently  the  children  noticed 
that  "Auntie"  Schwartz  was  less  cheerful 
that  usual.  Their  elders  seldom  visited 
the  little  store,  and  so  none  who  might 
have  helped  knew  that  old  Victor  Schwartz 
and  his  wife  were  almost  starving  to  death, 
or  that  the  old  couple  were  slowly  making 
up  their  minds  to  end  their  troubles  to- 
gether. 

So  it  was  that  the  children  were  the 
first  to  discover  yesterday  that  the  little 
store  was  not  open  for  business  when  they 
passed  it  on  their  way  to  their  first  day  at 
school,  and  "Auntie"  Schwartz  lost  many 
pennies  which  her  small  customers  had 
intended  to  expend  for  lead  pencils  and 
erasers.  "Auntie"  Schwartz  had  called 
them  all  in  on  Sunday  evening  and  had  dis- 
tributed among  them  all  her  small  stock  of 


POLICE  NEWS   AND   CRIME 


73 


candy,  telling  them  that  she  would  have  a 
full  new  stock  for  the  beginning  of  school. 

Meantime,  Mrs.  Kate  Week  and  Mrs. 
Rose  Black,  who  Uve  above  the  store,  were 
puzzled  by  the  odor  of  gas  which  perme- 
ated their  apartments.  At  last  the  women 
traced  it  to  the  store,  which  they  found 
closed  and  locked.  The  gas  came  from  the 
two  living  rooms  which  the  Schwartzes  oc- 
cupied behind  their  store,  and  Mrs.  Week 
and  Mrs.  Black  finally  got  Policeman  Mc- 
Caffrey of  the  Hamburg  Avenue  Station  to 
smash  down  the  door. 

The  policeman  and  the  women  found  the 
old  man  seated  in  a  chair  in  the  kitchen,  a 
gas  tube  clutched  between  his  teeth,  the 
other  end  of  which  was  made  fast  to  a  gas 
jet.  He  was  dead.  In  the  little  bedroom 
they  found  also  the  body  of  Mrs.  Schwartz 
dead  like  her  husband  from  the  gas  which 
she  had  inhaled.  Like  him,  too,  she  had 
tied  the  tube  around  her  head,  so  that  it 
should  not  slip  from  her  mouth. 

A  search  of  the  rooms  showed  that  the 
old  couple  had  been  in  the  most  abject 
poverty.  Only  67  cents  was  found  in  the 
flat. 


SUICIDE 

Milwaukee  Sentinel 

CHICAGO,  111.,  March  3.— Emma  John- 
son died  on  Monday.  She  was  the  grave 
faced  little  seamstress  from  La  Crosse, 
Wis.,  who  used  to  sit  every  day  near  a 
dingy  window  at  42  Wilson  avenue,  ply- 
ing her  needle  in  silence,  wearing  an  ex- 
pression like  that  of  a  nun.  And  every  one 
said  she  "looked  so  peaceful." 

But  the  coroner's  jury  found  that  the 
little  woman,  in  whom  no  one  would  have 
suspected  deep  emotion,  had  been  tem- 
pestuously in  love,  that  she  had  not  been 
able  to  win  the  man  she  wanted,  and  that 
she  had  sat  there  at  her  seams,  "praying 
for  strength  to  wait  for  a  natural  death." 
She  did  not  want  to  kill  herself.  But  she 
did. 

She  went  to  the  home  of  Mrs.  Jennie 
Nelson,  4212  North  avenue.  Mrs.  Nelson's 
brother,  William  Larson,  is  the  man  she 


wanted  to  marry.  He  "was  fond  of  her, 
too,"  as  Mrs.  Nelson  said,  "but  his  health 
was  poor  and  he  did  not  want  to  marry  for 
the  present." 

Emma  Johnson  turned  on  the  gas  and 
died.   She  left  a  letter,  in  which  she  said: 

"Dearest  Friends — When  you  have 
read  this  I  have  crossed  the  bar.  Ambition, 
energy  and  strength  have  deserted  me  and 
every  hope  and  dream  is  shattered.  Death 
is  the  only  relief.  I  have  called  upon 
heaven  to  save  me  from  myself — to  send 
me  a  natural  death.  I  don't  want  to  die 
hke  this.  I  want  to  live  and  be  happy,  but 
that  is  not  to  be. 

"I've  had  my  heU  here,  but  it  is  hard 
to  go  like  this,  hard  to  bring  this  sorrow 
upon  my  folks,  bitterly  hard. 

"For  the  one  who  has  driven  me  to  do 
this  I  feel  only  love,  and  if  I  am  permitted 
to  enter  heaven  I  shall  wait  for  him. 

"Perhaps  he  will  love  me  then;  he  will 
feel  bad  about  this,  but  help  him  under- 
stand that  I  forgive  all,  and  I  hope  some 
one  else  will  be  to  him  what  I  never  could, 
a  joy  and  a  comfort,  and  that  she  may 
make  him  happy  as  I  had  hoped  to  do. 
I  wish  I  could  look  upon  the  faces  of  my 
dear  father  and  brothers  and  sisters  again. 
I  can't  stUl  the  voice  in  my  heart.  I 
haven't  the  strength.  Forgive  me  and 
pray  for  me.  Only  another  lost  soul." 


SUICIDE  OF  SCHOOL  GIRL 
Chicago  Tribune 

Rose  Lubin's  younger  brother.  Max, 
wanted  help  with  his  "home  work"  last 
night.  Rose,  who  is  16,  is  proud  of  her 
standing  at  the  head  of  the  eighth  grade 
in  the  Winfield  school. 

"I  can't  do  my  own  work  and  yours, 
too,"  she  told  Max.  "I've  got  enough  to 
keep  me  busy  till  bed  time  and  I'm  not 
going  to  lose  my  marks  on  your  account." 

Max  went  to  his  father  and  the  father 
went  to  Rose. 

"If  you  don't  help  your  brother  I'll  take 
you  out  of  school,"  said  Lubin. 

Whereupon  Rose  changed  her  mind 
about  the  manner  in  which  the  nickel  she 


74 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


had  earned  in  the  afternoon  was  to  be 
spent.  She  bought  acid  with  it,  returned 
to  her  home  at  951  West  Fifteenth  street, 
and  drank  the  poison. 

Rose  will  not  be  at  school  today.  Per- 
haps she  will  never  go  back.  She  is  in  the 
county  hospital.  Physicians  there  fear 
she  will  not  recover. 


CAUSE  OF  ATTEMPTED  SUICIDE 

New  York  Evening  Post 

Mary  Stober,  eighteen  years  old,  of  951 
East  135th  Street,  who  tried  to  kill  herself 
last  week  (Friday)  because  she  has  no  piano, 
is  home  again  from  the  Lincoln  Hospital, 
and  is  starting  in  to  live  again  in  a  world 
where  no  hope  is,  since  she  cannot  have  a 
piano. 

To  dream  every  night  that  you  have 
a  piano  and  "play  just  grand,"  and  then 
wake  up  to  hear  the  alarm  clock  buzzing 
six  o'clock;  to  forget  where  you  are,  and 
half  close  your  eyes  and  pretend  that  the 
movements  your  fingers  are  making  are 
on  a  piano,  instead  of  having  something 
to  do  with  the  bobbin  of  a  machine  in 
an  embroidery  factory;  to  hear  beautiful 
music  suddenly  in  the  midst  of  your  work, 
and  listen,  startled  and  ecstatic,  for  a  mo- 
ment until  it  is  lost  in  the  endless  whirring 
of  the  machines — these  things,  if  you  have 
never  done  them,  may  seem  a  certainty 
that  Life  is,  after  all,  very  splendid  while 
there  is  such  a  thing  as  imagination,  and 
that  the  gray  of  it  is  woven  full  of  unex- 
pected and  vivid  threads  of  color. 

Or  it  may  impress  you  as  deliciously 
funny  that  the  lack  of  a  piano  can  seem 
tragic,  if  you  have  a  big  enough  view  of 
tragic  things  to  see  that  some  of  them  are 
greater.  But  to  this  girl,  who  does  them 
every  day  and  night  of  her  life,  they  are 
simply  the  things  which  have  twice  made 
her  try  to  kill  herself,  the  reason  why  she  is 
"disgusted,  always  disgusted,"  as  she  says, 
very  simply. 

Mary  Stober  has  a  pale,  strong  face, 
with  a  stubborn  chin  and  a  wistful  smile, 
very  gray  eyes,  light  brown  hair  in  a  bang 
on  her  forehead,  and  very  red  lips.    She 


looks  very  young  and  very  determined  and 
very  wistful  and  somewhat  sullen.  Her 
hands  are  red  and  rough  and  square- 
fingered  from  hard  work. 

She  was  dusting  one  of  the  rooms  this 
morning  in  the  soggy  apartment  house  of 
which  her  mother  is  janitress,  and  where 
they  and  the  six  other  children  live  and 
pay  half -rent.  She  goes  back  to  the  factory 
on  Monday.  She  sat  down  in  one  of  the 
innumerous  chairs  to  tell  her  story,  finger- 
ing the  grimy  dust-cloth  with  her  red  fin- 
gers, which  are  never  quiet  for  a  minute. 
Her  mother  stood  up  through  the  recital — 
the  little  German  mother  who  speaks  Eng- 
lish only  brokenly,  who  wears  a  little  shawl 
over  her  head  while  she  sweeps  down  the 
long  flights  of  stairs  and  who  used  to  play 
the  piano  herself  when  she  was  a  girl  in 
Germany — and  looked  at  Mary  with  a 
worried,  gentle,  almost  heartbroken  look. 

"When  I  was  ten — that  was  when  I 
stopped  school  and  went  to  work — I 
thought  always  about  when  I  would  be 
eighteen  and  a  grand  piano  player,"  Mary 
began,  fingering  the  dust-cloth.  "Then  I 
was  eighteen  and  I  didn't  have  a  piano  yet, 
and  I  was  almost  crazy.  Eight  years  I 
have  worked,  and  I  haven't  got  anything 
yet.  And  what's  worrying  me  now  is  where 
we're  going  to  go.  We  can't  stay  here. 
Other  places  we've  been  we've  had  coal 
and  things,  and  our  money  could  all  go  for 
the  food  and  clothes.  But  now  we've  got 
to  pay  for  a  stove  and  coal." 

She  and  her  sister,  who  is  nineteen  and 
who  can  play  the  piano  by  ear  when  she 
can  find  one  to  play — Mary  herself  can 
only  play  with  one  hand  by  ear,  and  "peo- 
ple don't  like  to  hear  that  kind  o'  playing," 
she  says — and  the  oldest  brother,  are  the 
only  ones  who  make  money.  Mary  makes 
seven  dollars  a  week.  All  of  these  details, 
which  she  tells  simply,  go  to  show  that 
there  is  little  hope  for  a  piano.  The  little, 
crumpled  mother  from  behind  the  chair 
she  is  leaning  on  says,  in  her  broken  way, 
that  a  piano  is  not  so  easy  to  get,  and  looks 
hopelessly  at  her  daughter. 

"Then  we  got  phonograph,  but  she  only 
cry  every  time  he  play,"  the  mother 
said. 


POLICE  NEWS   AND   CRIME 


75 


"I  can't  bear  to  hear  it,"  interrupted 
Mary.  "  I'd  rather  play  myself ." 

And  so  finally  the  brother  took  the 
phonograph  away,  about  a  month  ago, 
since  it  only  made  the  girl  more  miserable 
than  ever. 

"And  in  every  house  I  go  to,"  she  said, 
"there  is  a  piano.  And  one  girl  comes  to 
the  factory,  saying  she  can  play  grand, 
and  her  father  wants  her  to  play  in  a  caba- 
ret. She's  only  sixteen,  too.  I  can't  be 
happy,"  she  finished  simply.  "I  can't  te 
happy.  And  it  gets  my  goat  when  anybody 
laughs.  And  every  single  night  I  dream 
I've  got  a  piano  and  play  so  nice,  and 
every  day  at  work  I  imagine  I  am  playing. 
All  I  want  to  do  is  to  play  a  piano.  I  don't 
want  clothes.  If  I  have  good  clothes  the 
girls  would  want  me  to  go  out  with  them, 
and  I  don't  want  to  go  out.  It  is  only 
trouble  comes  of  it.  All  I  want  to  do  is  to 
stay  home  and  play  the  piano." 


All  the  family  Uke  music,  it  seems,  "but 
none  of  them  but  me  would  die  for  it,"  she 
says.  "And  my  father  hated  it.  He  wanted 
me  only  to  work,  day  and  night  to  work, 
since  I  was  ten.  But  he's  gone  away  now. 
They  took  him  away — Randall's  Island." 
It  was  when  the  father  was  home,  though, 
and  earning  a  Uttle  now  and  then,  that  the 
phonograph,  which  proved  a  doubtful  bless- 
ing, was  made  possible. 

Mary  Stober  says,  and  her  chin  looks 
very  square,  that  she  knows  she  could  pay 
for  lessons — she  would  walk  to  the  factory 
instead  of  riding  and  go  without  lunch — if 
she  only  had  a  piano  to  practice  on  at  home. 

It  was  a  mixture  of  lysol  and  iodine  that 
she  took  last  week — the  only  things  she 
could  find.  "I  don't  care  what  I  take,"  she 
says,  "if  I  can't  get  what  I  want.  Eight 
years  I've  worked  and  I  haven't  gotten 
anything  yet."  It  was  last  August  that 
she  tried  before  to  kill  herself. 


CHAPTER  V 

'  CEIMINAL  AND   CIVIL   COURTS 

Type  of  story.  As  all  forms  of  judicial  procedure  are  included  under 
court  news,  stories  of  this  class  cover  such  matters  as  police  court  news, 
criminal  trials,  civil  suits,  divorce  suits,  bankruptcy,  wills  and  other  probate 
court  matters,  decisions  of  higher  courts,  and  findings  of  judicial  officers. 
Since  much  court  news  is  of  a  routine  character,  the  matter-of-fact  informative 
news  story  is  a  frequent  medium  for  presenting  it.  This  does  not  imply  that 
such  news  is  necessarily  dry  and  uninteresting,  for  by  bringing  out  salient 
and  significant  phases  of  such  matters  as  decisions  of  higher  courts,  legal  doc- 
uments, wills,  and  bankruptcy  cases,  as  well  as  of  criminal  and  civil  suits, 
the  facts  of  the  news  can  be  made  of  interest  even  to  the  casual  reader 
(cf.  "Supreme  Court  Decision,"  p.  88,  and  "Opinion  of  Attorney  General," 
p.  90).  Criminal  and  civil  cases  often  have  a  strong  human  interest  element 
that,  if  rightly  developed,  may  be  a  valuable  part  of  the  story  (cf.  "Criminal 
Court,"  p.  83,  and  "Supreme  Court  Decision,"  p.  89).  The  little  comedies 
and  tragedies  of  the  police  court  have  long  been  favorite  subjects  for  enter- 
taining and  appealing  human  interest  stories  (cf.  "Municipal  Court,"  p.  78, 
and  "Forgery  Case,"  p.  78). 

Purpose.  To  give  fair  and  accurate  publicity  to  significant  phases  of  the 
administration  of  justice  is  the  obvious  reason  for  the  pubhcation  of  court 
news.  Court  proceedings,  like  those  of  legislative  bodies,  are  activities  of 
important  branches  of  government  and  hence  are  matters  of  public  concern. 
In  reporting  sessions  of  these  bodies,  the  writer's  aim  should  be  to  direct  the 
reader's  attention  to  those  details  of  the  proceedings  (1)  that  are  significant 
to  him  personally,  (2)  that  affect  the  interests  of  the  community,  and  (3) 
that  relate  to  the  welfare  of  society  as  a  whole. 

The  wide-spread  publicity  given  by  newspapers  to  the  punishment  in- 
flicted on  wrong-doers  tends  to  deter  others  from  similar  illegal  acts,  and 
thus  aids  in  accompUshing  the  chief  object  of  punishment.  "The  wages  of 
sin  is  publicity,"  as  one  editor  has  expressed  it.  What  has  been  said  of  the 
value  of  constructive  stories  of  crime  appHes  with  equal  force  to  stories  of 
criminal  trials. 

Destructive,  or  anti-social,  influences,  opposed  to  the  best  interests  of 
organized  society,  are  found  in  those  court  stories  —  particularly  those  of 


CRIMINAL  AND   CIVIL  COURTS  77 

criminal  and  divorce  cases — that  play  up  disgusting  or  scandalous  phases 
of  such  trials  in  order  to  gratify  the  morbid  taste  of  some  of  their  readers. 
Another  evil  connected  with  the  newspaper's  treatjnent  of  court  news  is 
the  so-called  "trying  the  case  in  the  newspaper"  by  means  of  news  stories 
and  editorials  pubhshed  before  or  during  a  trial.  Some  newspapers  under- 
take to  prove  the  innocence  or  the  guilt  of  an  accused  person  by  printing 
whatever  evidence  they  can  secure,  even  though  some  of  it  would  be  excluded 
from  the  trial  under  the  rules  of  evidence.  In  this  way  they  create  pubhc 
opinion  and  arouse  public  feeling  to  such  an  extent  as  to  prevent  the  accused 
person's  having  the  fair  trial  to  which  he  is  entitled. 

Treatment  of  material.  To  find  matters  of  general  significance  and  in- 
terest, particularly  when  they  are  buried  in  legal  technicalities  and  verbiage, 
and  to  present  them  clearly  and  attractively  without  sacrificing  accuracy, 
are  the  main  problems  in  handling  court  news.  The  task  is  not  an  easy  one, 
but  it  is  worth  doing  well,  for  court  news,  if  well  treated,  can  be  made 
interesting  and  significant  even  to  the  casual  reader. 

The  body  of  court  news  stories  usually  consists  of  summaries  of  argu- 
ments, decisions,  testimony,  or  legal  documents,  or  of  excerpts  from  them, 
with  the  necessary  connective  material.  In  some  instances  the  story  is 
largely  a  history  of  the  case  or  action  and  of  the  persons  ^involved.  The  lead 
is  usually  determined  by  the  status  of  the  case.  Any  one  of  the  important 
points  may  be  made  the  feature. 

Testimony  in  news  stories  is  given  in  one  of  three  forms:  (1)  the  ques- 
tion indicated  by  "Q"  and  the  answer  by  "A,"  both  question  and  answer 
given  in  one  paragraph  without  quotation  marks,  (2)  the  question  and  the 
answer  in  quotation  marks,  each  followed  by  the  necessary  explanatory 
matter  and  each  in  a  separate  paragraph,  like  verbatim  conversation  in 
fiction,  (3)  a  summary  of  the  testimony  of  each  witness  in  indirect  quotation 
form,  with  the  name  of  the  witness  at  or  near  the  beginning  of  the  first 
sentence  of  the  summarized  testimony. 

Contents  of  story.  Because  of  the  variety  of  material  presented  by  dif- 
ferent kinds  of  court  news,  it  is  difficult  to  indicate  specifically  the  points  to 
be  considered  in  each  story.  Among  the  important  details,  however,  are 
(1)  the  verdict  and  the  conditions  under  which  it  was  rendered,  (2)  the 
sentence  imposed,  (3)  the  decision  rendered  and  its  significance,  (4)  im- 
portant testimony,  (5)  net  results  of  the  day's  proceedings  in  a  trial,  (6)  the 
history  of  the  case  or  action,  (7)  provisions  of  a  will,  (8)  liabilities,  assets, 
and  cause  in  bankruptcy,  (9)  the  award,  or  finding,  (10)  the  grounds  on 
which  a  suit  is  based. 


78 


TYPES  OF  NEWS  WRITING 


POLICE  COURT  CASE 

Savannah  News 

If  you  own  an  automobile  and  are  fond 
of  joy  rides  in  the  evening,  it  will  be  a  good 
idea  to  keep  your  weather  eye  on  the  gaso- 
lene tank,  for  none  will  be  filled  in  Savan- 
nah after  sundown  if  the  efforts  of  the  fire 
department  are  successful. 

Chief  John  H.  Monroe  is  seeking  to  have 
enforced  the  ordinance  prohibiting  the 
handling  of  gasolene  after  sundown,  be- 
lieving it  will  reduce  the  fire  hazard. 

Every  city  has  a  nvunber  of  laws  that  are 
forgotten  because  they  are  seldom  en- 
forced. This  is  true  of  the  gasolene  ordi- 
nance here.  It  was  not  generally  known 
that  such  a  law  was  on  the  statute  books 
until  Barney  Kolman  was  arraigned  in  the 
Police  Court  yesterday,  charged  with  vio- 
lating it  by  selling  fuel  to  a  motorist  at 
night.  He  was  fined  $10  or  thirty  days  in 
jail  by  Judge  John  E.  Schwarz  and  the 
fine  was  remitted. 

"No  gasolene  shall  be  handled  in  any 
way  for  charging  or  filling  any  tank  or 
repositorj-  by  artificial  light,  and  never  at 
all  after  sundown,"  reads  the  ordinance, 
passed  in  1906.  A  fine  of  not  more  than 
$100  and  imprisonment  not  exceeding 
thirty  days,  either  or  both,  is  provided. 

"  It  is  dangerous  to  handle  such  a  fire 
producer  as  gasolene  after  sundowTi  be- 
cause people  become  careless  and  in  many 
cases  use  open  torches,  candles  or  matches, 
to  get  enough  light  to  see  what  they  are 
doing,"  said  the  fire  chief.  "Such  care- 
lessness leads  to  increased  danger  from 
gasolene  explosions." 

It  was  because  of  efforts  of  the  fire  de- 
partment to  stop  violations  of  the  law, 
which,  it  is  said,  have  become  common, 
that  Kolman,  whose  place  of  business  is  at 
No.  435  West  Bond  street,  was  docketed. 

The  ordinance  was  passed  AprU  13, 
1904,  and  amended  Oct.  10,  1906,  and 
August  14,  1907. 

Recorder  Schwarz  remarked,  in  hearing 
the  case  against  Kolman,  that  he  had 
never  heard  of  the  ordinance,  and  that  if 
it  did  exist  he  had  seen  it  violated  a  num- 
ber of  times. 


MUNICIPAL  COURT 

Kansas  City  Star 

Down  Main  Street  drove  Carl  Wilson, 
1228  Jenifer  Street,  yesterday  on  the  seat 
of  an  undertaker's  ambulance,  blowing  on 
his  fingers  to  warm  them.  Presently  he 
saw  a  familiar  figure  on  the  sidewalk.  It 
was  Gus  Hart,  2231A  Holton  Street. 

"Hey,  Gus,"  he  called.  "Come  on  and 
take  a  ride." 

Gus  climbed  to  the  seat  beside  Wilson 
and  smiled  expansively. 

"Fine  day,  ain't  it?"  said  he. 

"Yes,  it  ain't,"  said  Carl.  "I'm  cold 
through  and  through." 

"Oh,  this  is  real  weather,"  said  Gus. 

"How  can  any  man  like  this?"  said  Carl 
angrily.   "You  must  be  crazy." 

"Crazy  yourself,"  said  Gus. 

"Bing!"  said  Carl's  fist. 

"Crack!"  said  Gus's  chin. 

Then  they  fought  on  the  seat  of  the  un- 
dertaker's ambulance,  while  the  horse  took 
the  opportunity  to  snatch  a  few  moments 
of  rest. 

Both  were  taken  into  the  South  Side 
INIunicipal  Court  this  morning.  Carl 
looked  at  Gus  and  Gus  at  Carl. 

"Say,  judge,"  said  Carl.  "  We  're  friends. 
But  even  friends  fall  out  about  the  weather. 
Let  us  off,  will  you?" 

Acting  Judge  Casimir  J.  Welch  let  'em 
off. 


FORGERY  CASE 

Milwaukee  Sentinel 

With  his  young  wife  clasping  him  in  her 
arms  and  sobbing  bitterly,  Louis  Short 
stood  with  hanging  head  in  District  court 
on  Friday,  heard  himself  branded  as  a  for- 
ger, and  in  a  shaking  voice  told  how  he  had 
forged  the  check  because  his  baby  had  died 
and  he  bad  no  money  to  bury  the  little 
body. 

A  hush  fell  over  the  courtroom  at  the 
sight  of  the  young  couple  standing  in  the 
prisoners'  dock,  crushed  and  broken  after 
the  bitter,  losing  fight  against  poverty  and 
temptation.     They    have    been    married 


CRIMINAL  AND  CIVIL  COURTS 


79 


but  two  years  and  were  happy  in  their 
little  home  in  Chicago  until  the  boy  hus- 
band lost  his  job. 

Misfortunes  crowded  upon  them  after 
that.  They  became  driftwood  on  the  sea  of 
life,  washed  hither  and  thither  and  finally 
cast  upon  Milwaukee.  Then  the  baby 
died.  It  was  the  last  blow,  and  nagging 
temptation  won  its  victory. 

Short  forged  a  check  for  $48  on  the 
German-American  bank.  He  made  it  out 
to  Louis  Short,  signed  the  name  "J.  Seik- 
ler,  president,"  and  passed  it  in  Mrs.  Mary 
Moore's  saloon,  251  Herst  avenue,  on 
July  28.  With  the  money  the  baby  was 
buried.  Then  came  the  law  and  Short's 
arrest. 

Short  pleaded  guilty,  admitted  every- 
thing, and  tried  to  be  brave.  So  did  his 
girl  wife,  but  the  strain  was  too  much. 
She  broke  down,  threw  her  arms  around 
his  neck  and  hid  her  face  on  his  shoulder. 

"O,  Louis,  Louis!"  she  sobbed. 

Judge  Neelen  adjourned  the  case  one 
week,  for  there  is  a  possibility  that  Short's 
father  will  send  him  the  money  to  pay  Mrs. 
Moore  back. 


CHILDREN'S  COURT 

New  York  Evening  Sun 

There  was  a  soft  patter  on  the  floor  of 
the  Children's  Court  this  morning,  and  in 
through  the  gates,  swung  open  for  them  by 
a  tall  policeman,  advanced  two  little 
maids,  eyes  cast  down,  doll  feet  taking 
quick,  small  steps.  Justice  Wyatt  brushed 
aside  the  dry  legal  documents  before  him 
and  looked  down  from  the  bench  with 
more  interest  than  he  had  displayed  all  the 
morning.  The  benchers  craned  their  necks 
and  the  court  officers  were  all  eyes.  Here 
was  something  out  of  the  usual  routine — 
two  little  Chinese  maids.  Somehow  they 
didn't  fit  into  the  picture  of  juvenile  of- 
fenders, mothers  from  the  tenements  full  of 
cares  and  burdened  with  babies,  the  mot- 
ley array  of  parents,  complainants,  street 
arabs  and  heavyfooted  guardians  of  the 
law.  On  the  Yang-Tse-Kiang,  perhaps, 
the  little  maids  would  have  fallen  into 


harmony  with  their  surroundings,  but  not 
in  the  hurly-burly  of  an  Occidental  court 
room.  Who  were  they  and  what  was  the 
occasion  of  their  coming? 

An  agent  of  the  Children's  Society  ex- 
plained. He  was  Obadiah  Cunningham. 
The  almond-eyed  visitors  were  the  Misses 
Moy  You  Toy  and  Chin  Fung  Toy,  who 
had  strayed  beyond  the  boundaries  of  the 
three  crooked  streets  which  mark  the 
limits  of  the  local  Chinatown.  For  two 
moons  the  quarter  had  been  upset.  The 
joss  gave  no  comfort  when  his  aid  was 
sought  and  one  night  threw  the  luck  sticks 
into  the  air  in  his  temple  ever  so  many 
times;  but  no  matter  if  they  came  down 
with  the  wished  for  side  uppermost,  not  a 
word  came  from  beyond  the  pale,  out  of 
the  wide  spreading  territory  of  the  "  white 
devils,"  about  either  Moy  You  Toy  or 
Chin  Fung  Toy — that  is,  not  until  this 
morning,  when  the  lost  were  found  again 
and  taken  to  the  Children's  Court.  Then 
the  Chinese  women — the  men  do  not  care 
so  much  about  the  disappearance  of  a  girl 
as  of  a  boy — could  once  more  eat  with  a 
relish  their  dried  fish,  and  duck  eggs  dug 
from  the  soil  of  their  native  land,  in  which 
they  had  remained  packed  until  the  day 
of  consumption. 

Chin  Fung  Toy  and  Moy  You  Toy,  the 
first  named  13,  and  the  other  14  years  old, 
trembled  much  in  the  presence  of  the 
austere  figure  on  the  high  seat,  who  they 
had  no  doubt  was  a  ruler  of  mighty  power; 
but  he  spoke  kindly  to  them  and  they  saw 
that  it  was  not  his  intention  either  to  eat 
them  or  cast  them  into  a  dark  dungeon. 
Still,  though  his  voice  was  gentle,  they 
longed  somehow  to  be  at  home  again  at 
30  and  34  Mott  street,  respectively,  to 
look  upon  their  own  people  and  hear  their 
own  tongue  spoken. 

It  was  not  to  be — not  at  once,  anyhow. 
The  agent  who  had  charge  of  them  sub- 
mitted a  paper  to  the  Magistrate,  in  which 
was  contained  the  information  in  terse, 
legal  phraseology  that  there  was  no  proper 
guardianship  for  the  two  maids,  and  Jus- 
tice Wyatt  committed  them  to  the  care 
of  the  Society,  setting  the  case  down  for 
an  examination  next  Wednesday.   It  was 


8o 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


represented  to  the  Court  that  there  was  rea- 
son to  believe  that  their  so-called  parents 
were  not  their  parents  at  all.  Superinten- 
dent Jenkins  of  the  Gerry  Society  prom- 
ised to  say  something  about  that  phase  of 
the  question  later.  In  the  meanwhile  Moy 
You  Toy  and  Chin  Fung  Toy  will  look  on 
the  world  through  the  windows  of  the 
Society's  building  at  Twenty-third  street 
and  Fourth  avenue,  and  not  from  the 
closely  shuttered  blinds  of  Mott  street. 

How  were  Chin  Fung  Toy  and  Moy 
You  Toy  found?  That  is  another  story, 
which  has  not  been  told  yet;  but  there  are 
hints  of  interesting  developments  to  fol- 
low before  the  wanderings  of  the  children 
of  Mott  street  become  known. 

The  statements  issued  from  the  offices 
of  the  Gerry  Society  this  afternoon,  state- 
ments made  by  the  little  girls  through  an 
interpreter,  put  an  entirely  different  com- 
plexion on  their  disappearance  and  made 
it  appear  that  they  had  been  little  white 
slaves  in  Mott  street.  They  were  both  sold 
like  common  chattels  in  China,  they  said, 
and  in  the  quarter  they  got  more  kicks  and 
blows  than  kindness.  For  instance,  Moy 
You  Toy,  after  stating  that  she  is  14  years 
old,  according  to  our  reckoning,  and  15 
years  old  according  to  the  Chinese,  giving 
the  place  of  her  nativity  as  Sung  Hing  dis- 
trict, Moy-how  city,  said: 

"  My  address  has  been  34  Mott  street, 
Room  11.  My  father  died  when  I  was  very 
young,  and  my  mother  married  again  and 
left  me  alone  with  my  grandmother,  who 
was  very,  very  poor.  I  was  sold  to  the 
wife  of  Moy  See  Chai,  who  brought  me 
over  here  to  America  about  two  years  ago, 
and  I  have  been  with  her  ever  since. 

"I  have  had  to  work  very  hard  in  the 
house,  making  buttons  and  button  loops 
from  early  morning  until  late  at  night. 
When  I  take  a  rest  I  get  scolded  and  beaten. 
Whenever  my  mistress's  boy  called  to  me 
to  do  certain  things,  and  when  I  was  not 
able  to  do  them  fast  enough,  the  boy  would 
beat  me. 

"I  do  not  want  to  say  anything  that  is 
not  true  against  them;  they  fed  me  well, 
of  course,  nothing  luxurious. 

"My  mistress  often  said  to  me:  'You 


must  be  careful  of  Miss  Banta  [Miss  Mary 
E.  Banta,  superintendent  of  a  school  in 
Chinatown];  you  can't  depend  upon  her 
all  the  time,  and  complain  to  her  and  dis- 
play your  feelings'  (meaning  by  this  that  I 
should  not  make  any  complaints  to  Miss 
Banta)." 

The  girl  continued  that  her  mistress 
had  even  said  to  her,  "If  I  killed  you  they 
could  only  arrest  me."  Once,  she  added, 
she  got  a  terrible  beating  because  she  had 
gone  to  the  country  with  Miss  Banta. 

Chin  Fung  Toy  or  Choy  said  that  there 
was  a  man  named  Ing  Yee  Yue  of  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  who  has  a  son  and  wife  in 
China,  and  that  Fung  Choy  was  sold  to 
his  son. 

"  I  was  sold  to  his  son  and  was  brought 
to  America  by  Pang  Sam,"  she  continued. 
"Pang  Sam  was  a  friend  of  Ing's.  I  was 
told  that  the  price  the  son  paid  for  me  was 
$160. 

"I  came  from  a  village  in  China,  but 
don't  know  its  name.  About  eight  or  nine 
months  ago  Ing  Yee  Yue  said  he  was  going 
back  to  China  and  was  not  able  to  keep  me 
any  longer;  he  then  brought  me  to  New 
York  and  sold  me  to  Chin  Hing  for  $500 
gold.  I  have  been  with  Chin  Hing  ever 
since,  about  eight  or  nine  months.  I  have 
had  to  work  in  the  family  all  the  time,  mak- 
ing buttons  and  button  loops  for  stores. 
Some  mornings  I  had  to  get  up  at  7  o'clock 
and  sometimes  work  right  on  until  2  o'clock 
in  the  morning.  I  was  not  allowed  to  go 
out. 

"If  I  didn't  work  all  the  time  I  got 
beaten,  although  I  am  told  I  was  treated 
much  better  than  the  former  slave  girls. 
The  other  two  were  married.  One  is  here 
in  New  York  yet  and  the  other  has  gone 
down  South.  I  had  to  do  all  the  washing 
— sheets  and  all.  The  only  teaching  I  ever 
received  was  from  Miss  Banta,  who  taught 
me  for  an  hour  or  so  every  Monday." 

Fung  Choy  did  not  want  to  go  back  to 
Mott  street,  after  all,  she  told  the  Gerry 
agents,  no  matter  how  downcast  she  may 
have  seemed  in  court.  She  would  rather 
die  than  be  sent  back  to  Mott  street,  she 
declared. 

She  won't  be. 


CRIMINAL  AND   CIVIL  COURTS 


8i 


RUNAWAY  BOY  IN  COURT 

New  York  World 

Morris  Steiner  is  a  bad  boy  and  Morris 
Steiner  is  a  good  boy,  and  whichever  he  is 
most  Magistrate  Naumer  in  the  Flatbush 
Court,  Brooklyn,  must  soon  decide. 

Morris,  now  in  Raymond  Street  Jail, 
says  he  will  not  live  with  his  stepmother. 
He  braved  hunger  and  privation  because 
of  this  idea.  He  built  himself  a  hut,  lived 
a  queer  gypsy  life  for  weeks,  cooked  his 
own  meals  and  slept  in  his  queer  camp.  He 
did  his  own  washing  and  cooking.  And, 
curious  boy  that  he  is,  he  did  his  own  pray- 
ing, which  was  that  his  own  mother  would 
forgive  him  for  running  away,  and  would 
come  to  him  as  he  slept  and  kiss  his  fore- 
head. That,  he  says,  was  the  prayer  he 
made  in  his  hut. 

Morris,  who  is  sixteen  years  old,  could 
never  get  along  with  his  stepmother.  He 
has  a  brother  eighteen  years  old  and  an- 
other fom-teen,  and  they  live  on  good  terms 
with  their  stepmother.  It  was  nine  years 
ago  that  the  brisk  little  woman  married 
Aaron  Steiner,  a  travelling  salesman.  He 
was  a  widower  with  four  children. 

The  Steiners  have  not  only  a  comfortable 
but  a  pretty  home  at  No.  991  Sixtieth 
street,  Brooklyn.  It  possesses  shade  trees 
and  carefully  trimmed  hedges  and  a  be- 
flowered  piazza.  Mrs.  Steiner  said  to  a 
World  reporter  there  yesterday: 

"Such  a  queer  boy!  This  home  is  not 
for  him.  He  wiU  not  have  it  because  I  am 
his  stepmother.  From  the  time  he  was 
seven  years  old  he  would  hardly  speak  to 
his  father,  because  I  had  come  to  the  home. 
My  other  stepchildren  love  me.  But  he 
will  not.  I  could  not  pet  him.  He  would 
shrink  from  me.  Or  he  would  laugh.  I 
thought  all  the  time  that  when  he  got  older 
it  would  be  aU  right.  But  it  was  not.  The 
older  he  got  the  less  he  would  think  of  this 
as  his  home.  He  would  always  run  away." 

This  habit  of  the  boy  brought  him  into 
the  Flatbush  Court  yesterday  on  a  charge 
of  being  incorrigible. 

When  the  boy  disappeared  the  last  time 
he  made  his  way  to  a  spot  about  half  a 
mile  from  his  home.  It  is  in  a  garden  over- 


grown with  rank  weeds  back  of  an  aban- 
doned carpenter  shop.  The  lot  is  at  New 
York  and  Thirteenth  avenues,  Brooklyn. 

The  boy  built  a  house  of  old  planks, 
nailed  together  with  a  carpenter-like  pro- 
ficiency. Inside  he  constructed  for  himself 
a  couch  and  a  fireplace  with  a  chimney  out- 
let; on  a  peg  on  the  wall  hung  a  stiff  whisk- 
broom  with  which  the  earthen  floor  might 
be  kept  smooth. 

The  youngster  also  put  up  pegs  on  which 
he  himg  an  extra  suit  of  clothes.  He  was 
not  without  an  artistic  sense,  for  he  nailed 
to  the  walls  cartoons  and  other  newspaper 
drawings,  the  most  prominent  one  being 
that  of  President  Taft,  with  a  background 
portraying  the  reception  on  the  return  of 
the  ex-President  and  the  lonely  Taft  ex- 
claiming: "  Nobody  loves  a  fat  man."  The 
boy  was  evidently  in  sympathy  with  the 
loneliness  of  the  fat  man. 

For  six  weeks  the  youngster  made  his 
home  in  this  hut.  Scraps  of  dry  bread  were 
the  only  signs  of  food  in  the  place  when  he 
was  arrested.  But  word  was  sent  him  that 
one  of  his  little  stepsisters,  of  whom  he  was 
very  fond,  had  been  awake  all  night  crying 
for  his  return.  When  he  heard  that  he  went 
back  home.  It  was  true  about  the  Uttle  girl 
crying  for  him.  But  also,  when  he  got  back 
his  father  handed  him  a  summons  to  appear 
in  the  Flatbush  Police  Court.  At  that  the 
boy  flew  into  a  rage.  He  tore  the  summons 
to  bits  and  flung  them  at  his  father.  His 
father  thereupon  caused  his  arrest. 

In  court  yesterday  the  youngster  stol- 
idly looked  at  his  stepmother.  He  frowned 
at  his  father. 

"Do  you  know,"  demanded  the  father, 
"that  you  are  arrested?" 

"  I  don't  care,"  said  the  boy, 

"  Don't  you  see  what  a  trouble  you  are?  " 
insisted  his  parent. 

The  boy  for  answer  turned  to  the  Judge, 

"I  can't  live  with  my  stepmother,"  he 
said.  "  I  don't  do  anything  wrong.  I  don't 
want  to.  But  I  get  along  by  myself.  I've 
been  living  in  my  little  hut,  and  I  like  it 
there  all  by  myself,  with  nobody  to  get 
sore  on  me.  That's  all.  I  wish  I  could  only 
be  left  alone — that's  all." 

His  Honor,  with  an  eye  on  the  youthful 


82 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


face,  shook  his  head  and  held  the  boy  in 
$300  bail  for  a  further  hearing  Friday 
morning. 


CRIMINAL  COURT  EXAMINATION 

Milwaukee  Sentinel 

For  the  first  time  the  inner  history  of 
the  daring  theft  of  the  Boston  store's 
$3,500  pay  roll  from  the  messenger  in  the 
First  National  bank  on  Feb.  15  was  told 
on  Tuesday,  when  Joseph  Wilson,  awaiting 
trial  for  complicity,  turned  state's  evidence 
against  George  O.  Watts,  in  his  preliminary 
examination  in  District  court. 

Wilson  said  that  Watts  recruited  in 
Chicago  a  quintet  for  the  express  purpose 
of  "  cracking  a  crib"  in  Milwaukee.  Wilson 
said  that  the  theft  of  the  money-laden 
satchel  was  not  premeditated,  but  that  the 
gang  had  set  out  to  "  work"  the  banks. 

According  to  Wilson's  story,  Chester 
Bangs,  who  is  now  awaiting  trial,  cleverly 
sneaked  the  satchel  at  the  feet  of  the  Boston 
store  messenger,  and  the  other  four  "blank- 
eted" him  while  he  slipped  out  of  the  bank. 

Watts,  whom  Wilson's  testimony  clearly 
showed  to  have  been  an  accomplice,  was 
bound  over  to  Municipal  court.  Bail  was 
set  at  $9,000  despite  Attorney  W.  H. 
Rubin's  plea  for  a  lower  figure. 

WUson  said  that  the  gang  was  composed 
of  Watts,  Bangs,  Oates,  Carter  and  himself. 
Of  these,  Oates  and  Carter  are  still  at  lib- 
erty. The  other  three  have  been  boimd 
over  for  trial. 

Wilson  told  his  story  freely  and  fuUy, 
using  considerable  slang. 

"Two  days  before  this  deal  was  pulled 
off  I  had  a  talk  with  Watts  in  a  saloon  in 
Chicago;  he  sent  me  a  note  by  Oates  to 
meet  him,"  said  Wilson.  "  I  had  been  out 
of  jaU  four  days.  Watts  asked  me  to  come 
in  on  the  scheme  of  cracking  a  crib  in  Mil- 
waukee and  told  me  that  he  had  three  other 
fellows  to  go  along. 

"I  agreed  and  Watts  'made  a  meet'  op- 
posite the  union  depot  in  time  to  take  the 
7  o'clock  train  to  Milwaukee  on  Feb.  15. 
We  met  there,  the  five  of  us,  and  came  to 
Milwaukee. 


"After  we  left  the  station  we  stopped  in 
for  a  drink  in  a  small  hotel  at  the  corner 
of  the  station  park.  Watts  said:  'This'll 
be  a  good  place  for  a  meet  if  we're  piped 
off.'  After  that  we  started  in  to  work  the 
banks.  We  went  to  the  First  National  twice. 

"On  the  second  trip  we  piped  the  mes- 
senger filling  his  pay  roll  satchel.  That  was 
our  chance.  It  was  fixed  that  Bangs  should 
turn  the  trick.  We  four  sat  on  one  of  the 
benches  near  a  window.  In  a  minute  Bangs 
signaled  us  to  come  up,  and  we  did. 

"While  the  messenger  was  looking  over 
some  papers  Bangs  reached  under  and 
grabbed  the  satchel.  Then  we  crowded 
around  and  blanketed  him  until  he  had 
gotten  out  of  the  bank.  Then  we  went  out 
and  scattered.  I  saw  Bangs,  with  the 
satchel,  hop  on  a  street  car. 

"  I  walked  up  Wisconsin  street  and  was 
later  joined  by  Oates.  When  we  got  in 
front  of  the  postoffice  some  one  hollered. 
I  turned  around.  It  was  Bangs.  We  joined 
him  beside  the  building.  He  opened  the 
satchel,  and  I  saw  it  was  filled  with  paper 
and  silver.  He  kept  the  paper  money,  tied 
in  packages,  and  loaded  all  the  silver  on  me. 
Of  course  I  did  not  count  it,  for  we  were 
right  on  the  sidewalk. 

"That  noon  I  caught  an  interurban  car 
for  Racine  at  Clinton  street.  Watts  was 
on  the  car.   He  came  and  sat  with  me. 

"'We  come  off  pretty  clean,'  he  said. 
'There  can't  be  no  "rap"  to  this.'  I  told 
him  it  was  a  fool  trick  to  carry  so  much 
silver  as  I  had  in  my  bundle. 

The  whole  bunch  was  on  the  car.  When 
the  car  stopped  at  a  corner  in  Racine  we 
all  got  off  and  scattered. 

"  In  a  minute  I  decided  that  I  was  being 
trailed.  I  caught  up  to  Oates  and  told  him 
so.  He  told  me  to  go  in  a  saloon  and  find 
out.  I  did,  and  the  fellow  trailing  me  came 
in  too.  I  went  out  of  the  saloon,  saw  Watts 
and  told  him  I  was  trailed. 

" '  Ding  that  and  duck,'  he  said,  pointing 
to  my  bundle. 

"'Cover  up  and  give  me  a  chance,'  I 
said. 

"He  did,  and  I  ducked  down  a  side 
street,  but  that  fellow  was  still  trailing  me. 
After  walking   about   a   quarter   mUe   I 


CRIMINAL  AND   CIVIL  COURTS 


83 


stepped  into  a  cigar  store,  for  I'd  made  up 
my  mind  to  duck  that  fellow.  I  got  the 
proprietor  to  take  me  out  in  the  back  yard. 
Then  I  climbed  over  two  fences  and  hid  in  a 
shed  until  dusk. 

"Detective  Sullivan  nailed  me  about 
9  o'clock  that  night." 

On  cross-examination,  Wilson  freely  told 
his  long  criminal  record,  which  includes 
several  convictions.  He  gave  his  age  as  53 
years.  He  said  that  Joseph  Wilson  is  his 
real  name,  but  that  he  has  used  three 
aliases. 

Asked  what  his  business  is,  Wilson  said: 

"  I'm  a  professional  thief." 

District  Attorney  A.  C.  Backus  an- 
nounced that  he  would  file  information 
charging  Watts  with  a  second  offense,  for 
which  the  penalty  may  be  twenty-five 
years  in  prison. 


CRIMINAL  COURT 

Detroit  News 

Some  20  years  ago  a  ragged  little  news- 
boy stood  shivering  on  a  busy  corner  in  the 
heart  of  St.  Louis.  His  last  paper  was  yet 
to  be  sold  and  his  free  hand  jingled  a  pocket- 
ful of  loose  coins.  A  hurrying  pedestrian 
snatched  the  final  copy  and  thrust  a  nickel 
in  the  hand  of  the  boy.  He  did  not  wait  for 
change.  Five  minutes  later  the  ragged  and 
cold  and  hungry  boy  stood  with  his  nose 
buried  in  a  volume  of  "First  Steps  for 
Chemists"  in  the  musty  atmosphere  of  a 
second-hand  book  store. 

Wednesday  morning  the  same  boy,  now 
grown  to  manhood,  stood  before  the  federal 
court  in  Detroit  and  heard  a  stern  judge 
sentence  him  to  10  years  in  the  federal 
prison  at  Leavenworth  and  affix  a  fine  of 
$5,000  on  three  counts  charging  counter- 
feiting. It  was  the  cause  and  the  effect. 

The  boy  was  Harry  Wilson,  alias  Peter 
Smith,  said  to  be  one  of  the  cleverest  coun- 
terfeiters in  the  United  States. 

"I  loved  chemistry  from  the  time  I  was 
j  a  boy,"  said  Wilson  from  his  cell.  "That 
I  was  really  my  downfall.  I  was  left  alone  in 
I  the  world  when  I  was  seven  and  I  sold  pa- 
j       pers  for  years.   I  do  not  know  why  chem- 


istry had  such  a  fascination,  but  when  I 
was  still  in  knee  breeches  and  earning  a 
few  pennies  a  day  I  saved  until  I  could  buy 
second-hand  books  on  the  science.  I  studied 
at  every  possible  moment,  and  although 
my  English  is  not  the  best  in  the  world,  and 
I  may  misspell  many  words,  I  am  famil- 
iar with  the  majority  of  chemical  formulas 
and  I  can  spell  any  chemical  symbol,  drug, 
instrument  or  process,  Latin,  Greek  or 
German. 

"I  longed  for  a  laboratory  of  my  own. 
I  wanted  enough  money  to  enable  me  to 
give  up  my  life  to  chemical  research.  To 
achieve  this  I  wanted  a  trade  and  engrav- 
ing seemed  to  open  the  doors  to  a  good  sal- 
ary, as  well  as  allow  me  to  come  in  contact 
with  chemicals.  I  got  a  position  after  I 
had  taught  myself  the  rudiments  of  the 
trade  and  discovered  I  had  a  talent  for 
drawing.  But  the  salary  I  received  did  not 
seem  to  be  enough  to  allow  me  to  obtain 
the  realization  of  the  dreams  for  many 
years. 

"One  day  I  picked  up  a  magazine  and 
there  was  a  story  by  Detective  Burns  on 
counterfeiting.  I  read  it  and  then  read 
several  following  stories.  The  idea  came  to 
me  slowly,  bit  by  bit,  that  here  was  a  way 
whereby  I  could  obtain  enough  to  buy  a 
private  laboratory.  If  I  could  make  bills 
good  enough  I  thought  they  would  continue 
to  circulate  and  no  one  would  lose.  I  tried 
it  and  I  have  failed.  I  am  sorry,  of  course. 
I  am  sorry  I  went  wrong  from  a  standard 
of  morals  and  more  sorry  from  the  stand- 
point of  what  I  might  possibly  have  done 
for  the  benefit  of  the  world  in  chemical  re- 
search. 

"Those  unfortunate  persons  who  were 
convicted  because  they  associated  with  me 
must  know  how  badly  I  feel  over  their  ar- 
rest. I  do  not  know  what  they  did  before 
they  met  me,  but  I  feel  personally  respon- 
sible for  this  bit  of  trouble  and  I  wish  I 
could  bear  all  their  sentences.  They  would 
never  have  known  the  horrors  of  imprison- 
ment but  for  me.  In  a  way  they  were  tools 
that  I  used  and  I  do  not  believe  any  of 
them  knew  just  how  serious  a  thing  they 
were  getting  into. 

"I  shall  be  as  good  a  prisoner  as  I  know 


84 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


how,  and  should  I  be  released  before  my 
sentence  is  completed  or  should  I  have  to 
wait  all  the  time,  when  I  get  out  I  am  going 
into  chemistry  with  a  determination  to 
give  to  the  world  more  than  I  robbed  it  of." 


MURDER  TRIAL 

New  York  Sun 

Jack  Rose's  jester  and  the  playboy  of  the 
Rosenthal  murder,  Sam  Schepps,  testified 
for  six  hours  and  a  quarter  yesterday  in  the 
trial  of  Lieut.  Becker,  and  exhibited  the 
qualities  that  made  him  the  joy  of  the 
gamblers  in  their  lighter  hours. 

Murder  trials  are  not  supposed  to  be 
humorous  affairs  and  Justices  bend  se- 
vere glances  upon  flippant  witnesses,  but 
Schepps  somehow  dissipated  the  gravity 
of  the  proceedings  and  lightened  the  black 
tale  of  crime.  Even  the  austere  Judge  per- 
mitted his  eyes  to  twinkle  and  some  of  the 
jurors  laughed  outright. 

Schepps  was  so  pleased  with  himself,  so 
proud  of  his  skill  in  coping  with.  John  F. 
McIntjTe,  his  inquisitor,  so  naive  in  his 
appeals  to  Justice  Goff,  so  pugnacious  and 
alert  that  his  listeners  were  in  smiles  most 
of  the  time.  He  took  it  for  granted  that  the 
court  appreciated  him  at  his  own  valua- 
tion, and  Justice  Goff  seemed  to  regard 
him  as  an  extraordinary  specimen  of  an- 
other world,  one  that  must  not  be  banged 
about  by  counsel  for  fear  of  the  total  loss 
of  a  curiosity  worth  studying. 

But  the  amusing  characteristics  of  the 
State's  principal  corroborative  witness  by 
no  means  lessened  the  effect  of  the  testi- 
mony he  gave  against  Lieut.  Becker.  Re- 
sisting every  device  of  Mr.  IVIcIntjTe  to 
trap  him  into  admitting  he  was  an  accom- 
phce  with  Rose,  Webber  and  Vallon,  and 
insisting  that  he  was  kept  in  the  dark  and 
used  only  as  an  errand  boy  by  Rose  and 
Webber,  Schepps  swore  that  the  night 
after  the  murder  he  talked  with  Becker  in 
Becker's  house  and  that  Becker  sent  this 
message  to  Rose: 

"Don't  mind  anything.  I'U  fix  it  all 
right.  They  have  to  prove  who  killed  Ros- 
enthal before  they  can  convict  any  one." 


And  Schepps  added  that  Becker,  in  the 
darkened  dining  room  of  the  apartment, 
wouldn't  let  him  smoke  and  said: 

"Don't  light  that  match.  Somebody 
is  across  the  street  and  if  the}^  see  a  light 
they  will  suspect  something.  They  have 
been  traUing  me  all  day." 

Schepps  was  an  exasperating  witness  to 
Mr.  Mclntyre.  He  had  the  dimmest  of 
memories  for  times  and  dates,  but  he  had 
an  extraordinary^  faculty  for  recalling  pre- 
vious statements,  and  he  frequently  cor- 
rected the  lawyer.  Mr.  Mclntyre  resorted 
to  the  traditional  methods  of  hectoring 
and  storming  and  fist  shaking,  but  Schepps 
hectored  and  stormed  and  gestured  back 
at  him.  Once  he  called  Mr.  McIntjTe  a 
har  for  saying  he  had  paid  the  gunmen,  and 
while  Mr.  McIntjTe  was  fuming  before 
the  jury  and  shouting  that  Schepps  was 
"a  thing,"  "a  creature,"  the  witness  was 
suavely  and  deferentially  apologizing  to 
the  court  for  "language  that  a  gentleman 
ought  not  to  use." 

Lieut.  Becker's  chief  counsel  concentrated 
his  efforts  to  make  Schepps  say  something 
that  would  indicate  that  he  knew  Rosen- 
thal was  to  be  murdered  and  that  he  was 
one  of  the  conspirators.  It  was  an  attack 
of  the  utmost  importance  to  the  defence. 
A  good  deal  of  Becker's  money  had  been 
spent  in  an  excursion  to  Hot  Springs,  made 
for  the  purpose  of  sho-wdng  that  Schepps 
had  incriminated  himself  while  there  and 
had  exculpated  Becker. 

La^N^^er  Hart,  who  was  w^ith  Rose  the 
night  Schepps  was  with  Becker,  cross-ex- 
amined Schepps  about  his  conversations 
with  Hot  Springs  people  and  faUed  abso- 
lutely to  establish  contradiction.  McIntjTe 
had  tried  his  hand  at  this  work  previously, 
and  had  raged  when  Schepps  volunteered 
the  statement  that  one  of  the  principal  Hot 
Springs  witnesses  for  the  defence  had  been 
a  pickpocket  in  New  York  for  twenty  years. 

Mr.  Mclntyre  and  Mr.  Hart  gave  up  the 
cross-examination  late  in  the  evening,  ap- 
parently running  out  of  ammunition.  Mr. 
Mclntyre  insisted  plaintively  that  he  was 
wearied,  totally  exhausted,  unable  to  con- 
tinue, which  drew  from  Justice  Goff,  who 
has  a  very  dry  humor,  the  comment: 


CRIMINAL  AND  CIVIL  COURTS 


85 


"  Tut,  tut,  Mr.  Mclntyre.  You  talk  of 
being  exhausted.  I  am  upward  of  70  years 
old." 

Schepps  was  the  only  witness  yesterday. 
It  had  been  the  purpose  of  the  prosecution 
to  call  Mrs.  Herman  Rosenthal,  but  there 
was  no  time  left  for  the  long  examination 
that  would  be  necessary  and  Justice  Goff 
rather  reluctantly  consented  to  adjourn- 
ment. The  wndow  of  the  murdered  gambler 
will  be  the  first  witness  to-day. 

When  Schepps  appeared  from  the  witness 
room  at  10:30  A.  M.  all  eyes  were  turned 
in  his  direction.  From  the  first  he  has  been 
one  of  the  most  interesting  characters  of 
this  case.  His  childlike  vanity,  his  delight 
at  posing  as  an  oracle  among  the  rudely 
informed  men  and  women  of  the  under- 
world, his  reputation  for  impudence  and 
wit,  his  adventures  dodging  detectives  in 
the  Catskills  and  his  sojourn  among  ad- 
miring citizens  in  Hot  Springs  had  given 
him  a  kind  of  reputation  second  only  to 
that  of  Rose. 

He  was  nervous  at  first.  His  sharp  eyes 
squinted  behind  his  nose  glasses  and  his 
glances  darted  sidewise.  He  twisted  his 
fingers  together  and  tried  to  cross  his  legs, 
a  proceeding  frowned  upon  by  the  court 
officer  who  stands  at  the  witness  chair. 

He  wore  a  blue  suit,  a  black  four-in-hand 
tie  and  black  low  shoes,  and  he  carefully 
drew  up  his  sharply  pressed  trousers  so 
that  his  white  silk  socks  would  be  ex- 
posed. 

As  the  day  went  on  he  lost  much  of  his 
nervousness  and  controlled  his  tendency  to 
flippancy,  but  he  became  more  and  more 
pugnacious  and  more  and  more  determined 
that  counsel  for  the  defence  should  not  get 
the  better  of  him. 

Assistant  District  Attorney  Frank  Moss 
conducted  the  direct  examination.  The 
testimony  was: 

Q.  Where  do  you  live?  A.  Hot  Springs, 
Arkansas. 

Q.  What  is  your  business?  A.  Portrait 
enlarger. 

Q.  Do  you  know  Jack  Rose?  A.  Yes;  I 
have  known  him  for  fifteen  or  eighteen 
years. 

Q.  Did  you  ever  meet  the  defendant 


Becker?  If  so,  where?  A.  At  the  Lafayette 
baths. 

Q.  Ever  again?  A.  Yes,  at  the  Sam  Paul 
raid. 

Q.  Did  you  ever  carry  to  him  a  message 
from  Jack  Rose?  A.  Yes. 

Q.  What  was  it?  A.  That  Rose  would 
meet  him  at  the  Union  Square  Hotel. 

Q.  Were  you  at  Dora  Gilbert's  house  on 
July  15?  A.  Yes. 

Q.  What  were  you  doing  there?  A.  I 
was  asked  to  go  there  by  Rose  to  get  an 
affidavit  for  Becker. 

Then  he  said  that,  after  leaving  Dora 
Gilbert's,  he  drove  with  his  friends  to 
Sharkey's,  where  the  gray  car  was  called 
by  telephone. 

Q.  Who  drove  it?   A.  WiUiam  Shapiro. 

Q.  Who  got  into  that  car?  A.  Vallon, 
Rose  and  myself. 

Q.  What  did  you  do  then?  A.  We  went 
up  to  Seventh  avenue  and  145th  street. 

Q.  What  did  you  do  next?  A.  I  stepped 
out  and  pressed  the  bell  of  Baker  and 
Harris's  apartment.  Dago  Frank  put  his 
head  out  of  the  window  and  we  called 
him  out.  He  got  into  the  machine  and 
we  went  to  Forty-second  street  and  Sixth 
avenue. 

Q.  Who  did  you  find  there?  A.  Sam 
Paul,  Leftie  Louie,  Whitey  Lewis  and  Gyp 
the  Blood.  Webber  excused  himself  and 
said  he  would  be  back  shortly. 

Q.  Did  he  return?  A.  Yes;  he  said  Ros- 
enthal was  at  the  Metropole. 

Q.  What  was  done  then?  A.  They  left 
the  room. 

Q.  Who  left?  A.  Gyp,  Lefty  Louie, 
Whitey  Lewis  and  Dago  Frank. 

Q.  What  did  you  do?  A.  I  stayed  in  the 
room. 

Q.  How  long?  A.  About  fifteen  min- 
utes. 

Q.  In  what  direction  did  you  then  go? 
A.  I  went  into  the  Times  Square  drug  store 
and  purchased  a  soda.  A  short  time  after 
I  got  there  I  heard  four  shots. 

Q.  What  did  you  do?  A.  I  ran  in  the 
direction  of  the  shots. 

Q.  Did  you  see  Lieut.  Becker  that 
night?    A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Where?  A.  He  was  riding  in  an  auto 


86 


TYPES  OF  NEWS  WRITING 


with  a  chauffeur  at  Sixth  avenue  and  Forty- 
sixth  street  at  1:30  o'clock  A.  M. 

Q.  When  you  ran  to  the  scene  of  the 
murder,  on  what  side  of  the  street  were 
you?  A.  On  the  south  side. 

Q.  Did  you  meet  any  one  that  you 
knew?  A.  I  met  Harry  Vallon  at  the  Elks 
Club.  A  great  crowd  had  gathered  and  the 
body  was  lying  in  the  street. 

Q.  What  did  you  and  Harry  Vallon  do 
then?  A.  We  went  to  Fourteenth  street, 
to  the  house  where  he  lived,  and  stayed 
there  until  6  o'clock  the  next  morning, 
when  we  went  to  a  house  at  145th  street 
and  Seventh  avenue. 

Q.  What  was  it  that  awoke  you?  A. 
The  entrance  of  Jack  Rose. 

Q.  After  Rose  spoke  to  you  and  you 
went  to  145th  street  and  Seventh  avenue, 
did  you  see  any  one?  A.  Yes,  we  saw  Lefty 
Louie,  Whitey  Lewis,  Dago  Frank  and 
Gyp. 

Q.  Did  you  say  anything  to  them?  A. 
They  wanted  to  know  when  I  would  bring 
them  the  money.  I  made  an  appointment 
to  meet  them  at  Fiftieth  street  and  Eighth 
avenue. 

Q.  Where  did  you  see  them?  A.  At 
Fiftieth  street  and  Eighth  avenue. 

Q.  Prior  to  that  time  had  you  seen 
Webber?   A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Did  you  receive  any  money  from  him? 
A.  No,  sir. 

Q.  Did  you  see  anything  passed  by 
Webber  to  any  one  else?  A.  I  saw  Webber 
pass  money  to  Jack  Rose. 

Q.  Was  that  money  presented  to  the 
gunmen  at  Fiftieth  street  and  Eighth 
avenue?  A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Who  had  it?  A.  Jack  Rose. 

Q.  What  did  he  do?  A.  He  passed  it  to 
Lefty  Louie. 

Q.  Did  you  go  away  then?  A.  Yes. 

Q.  Did  Lefty  Louie?  A.  Yes,  and  took 
the  money  with  him. 

Q.  What  did  you  and  Rose  do?  A.  We 
went  to  the  home  of  Harry  Pollok  on  River- 
side Drive. 

Q.  How  long  did  you  stay  there?  A.  I 
stayed  for  dinner. 

Q.  Then  where  did  you  go?  A.  To  the 
Lafayette  Baths. 


Q.  The  next  morning,  what  did  you  do? 
A.  I  went  to  Pollok's  and  remained  about 
four  hours.  I  then  went  downtown  and 
later  returned  to  Pollok's.  I  stayed  imtil 
about  10:30. 

Q.  Where  did  you  go  next?  A.  I  went 
to  Lieut.  Becker's  apartment. 

Q.  Did  you  see  Becker?  A.  Yes. 

Q.  Where  was  that?  A.  At  the  Belle- 
claire  apartments. 

Q.  How  did  you  happen  to  go  there?  A. 
Jack  Rose  sent  me. 

Q.  Repeat  the  conversation  you  had 
with  Becker.  A.  I  told  Becker  that  Jack 
Rose  was  sick  and  worried,  and  that  he  sent 
me  to  him  to  see  what  he  was  going  to  do. 
Becker  said  Rose  was  not  to  worry.  He 
said:  "Don't  mind  anything.  I'll  fix  it  all 
right.  They  have  to  prove  who  killed 
Rosenthal  before  they  can  convict  any 
one." 

Q.  What  then?  A.  Then  I  left.  As  I 
was  about  to  leave  I  pulled  out  a  cigarette 
and  started  to  light  it.  Becker  said,  "  Don't 
light  that  match;  somebody  is  across  the 
street  and  if  they  see  a  light  they  will  sus- 
pect something.  They  have  been  trailing 
me  all  day." 

Q.  Was  the  apartment  lighted  or  dark? 
A.  It  was  dark. 

Q.  Did  Becker  say  anything  else?  A. 
Yes.  He  asked  me  if  the  gunmen  had  been 
paid  and  I  told  him  that  they  had.  Then  I 
left. 

Q.  Then  what  did  you  do?  A.  I  went 
back  to  Pollok's. 

Q.  Did  any  one  arrive  while  you  were  at 
Pollok's?  A.  No;  somebody  was  there  be- 
fore I  got  there. 

Q.  Who  was  that?  A.  Mr.  Hart. 

Q.  Who  do  you  mean?  A.  Attorney 
John  Hart,  who  is  sitting  there. 

The  witness  nodded  toward  John  W. 
Hart,  who  has  been  Becker's  lawj'er  since 
before  the  murder  of  Rosenthal. 

Mr.  Moss  had  no  further  .questions  to 
put  to  the  witness  and  the  direct  examina- 
tion ended  at  11 :  02  A.  M.,  having  occupied 
only  twenty-seven  minutes. 
[The  report  of  the  cross-examination  and  other 
details  of  the  day's  proceedings  in  the  trial  fol- 
lowed under  separate  heads.] 


CRIMINAL  AND   CIVIL  COURTS 


87 


GRAND  LARCENY  CASE 

Duluth  Herald 

Commercializing  his  remarkable  faculty 
for  imitating  a  paralytic  has  proven  to  be 
the  downfall  of  Charles  F.  Koch,  45,  the 
black  sheep  of  a  respectable  German  famUy 
residing  at  Rosedale,  Iowa.  And  because 
his  game  of  faking  injuries  and  collecting 
large  sums  from  railroad  companies  and 
other  corporations  has  been  detected  and 
exposed,  Koch  must  look  forward  to  serv- 
ing a  term  of  years  in  the  Minnesota  state 
penitentiary 

It  took  a  jury  just  nine  minutes  in  Judge 
Fesler's  division  of  the  district  court  yes- 
terday to  find  Koch  guUty  of  the  crime  of 
grand  larceny  in  the  second  degree  under 
an  indictment  which  charged  him  with 
having  defrauded  the  Duluth  &  Iron  Range 
Railroad  company  out  of  $1,000  on  a  fake 
personal  injury.  The  jury  retired  at  3:36 
o'clock  and  returned  with  a  finding  of 
guilty  at  3:45  o'clock. 

The  same  blank,  fixed  expression  which 
has  characterized  Koch  since  his  trial  began 
did  not  change  one  iota  when  the  verdict  of 
guilty  was  read  in  his  presence.  He  main- 
tained the  same  expressionless  attitude  of 
indifference  as  to  what  was  going  on  about 
him  and  seemed  to  be  unconcerned  as  to 
whether  he  would  be  acquitted  or  not.  The 
crime  of  which  he  stands  convicted  is  pun- 
ishable by  imprisonment  in  the  state  peni- 
tentiary from  one  to  ten  years. 

On  Oct.  14,  1914,  Koch  was  a  passen- 
ger on  No.  61,  of  the  Duluth  &  Iron  Range, 
a  mixed  train  leaving  Duluth  at  11:30 
p.  m.  On  arriving  at  Two  Harbors  at 
12:45  a.  m.,  he  left  the  coach  and  as  he  did 
so,  according  to  his  claim,  his  raincoat, 
which  he  carried  on  his  arm,  caught  on  an 
angle  cock  or  brake  staff  and  he  was  thrown 
to  the  depot  platform  and  suffered  an  injury 
to  his  back.  As  a  result,  he  claimed,  his 
lower  limbs,  bowels  and  bladder  were  par- 
alyzed. Examination  by  surgeons  seemed 
to  indicate  that  he  was  permanently  dis- 
abled, and  on  Dec.  7,  the  company  set- 
tled with  him  for  $1,000  for  his  alleged 
injuries.  Koch,  who  had  been  moving 
with  great  difficulty  on  crutches,  immedi- 


ately left  the  city  and  at  once  discarded 
his  crutches. 

The  railroad  authorities  secured  a  war- 
rant for  his  arrest  and  after  detectives  had 
chased  him  through  several  cities  of  the 
Middle  West,  he  was  arrested  at  Tonopah, 
Nev.  He  was  brought  to  Duluth  under  an 
extradition  process  and  stood  trial  on  the 
charge.  During  the  course  of  his  trial  much 
of  his  past  history,  and  a  more  or  less  un- 
broken story  of  his  operations,  were  brought 
to  the  light  of  day. 

Koch  was  born  forty-five  years  ago  in 
Germany  and  emigrated  to  this  country 
when  a  boy  of  15,  settling  at  Rosedale, 
Iowa.  He  married  when  a  young  man,  but, 
after  his  wife  had  lived  with  him  ten 
years,  she  secured  a  divorce  from  him  on 
the  grounds  that  he  had  been  convicted  of 
a  crime  and  committed  to  the  Iowa  state 
penitentiary.  This  was  in  1903.  She  re- 
married. Koch's  parents  are  old  and  re- 
spected residents  of  Rosedale. 

In  1903  Koch  joined  the  army,  enlisting 
in  the  state  of  Washington.  Two  months 
later,  however,  he  was  discharged  on  ac- 
count of  "chronic  anaemia  and  debility." 
In  1906  he  claimed  that  he  had  been  injured 
while  working  at  Missoula  for  the  Northern 
Pacific,  brought  suit  for  $50,000  and  re- 
covered $5,000  in  the  lower  court.  The 
case  dragged  on  six  years  in  the  Montana 
courts  and  judgment  was  finally  reversed  in 
January,  1912.  A  portion  of  the  time  Koch 
spent  on  a  poor  farm,  supposedly  a  down- 
and-out  cripple,  forced  into  the  almshouse 
by  the  law's  delay.  He  went  by  the  name 
of  C.  F.  Post. 

In  July,  1911,  at  Portland,  Or.,  posing 
as  C.  F.  Pantle,  he  secured  from  the  Port- 
land Light  &  Power  company  a  sum  of 
money  on  a  fake  injury.  On  Feb.  16,  1912, 
at  Breckenridge,  Minn.,  under  the  alias  of 
C.  F.  Jones,  he  secured  $4,500  from  the 
Great  Northern  Railway  company  for  in- 
juries claimed  to  have  been  sustained  in 
falling  from  a  passenger  coach  step.  On 
Aug.  12  of  the  same  year,  as  Clarence  F, 
Main,  he  again  tried  to  work  this  game, 
but  unfortunately  ran  up  against  the  same 
claim  agent  at  Great  Falls,  Mont.,  who 
recognized  him  as  an  impostor  and  had 


88 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


him  arrested.  He  served  four  months  in 
the  Montana  penitentiary. 

On  Feb.  28,  1914,  at  Hampton,  Iowa, 
he  claimed  that  he  was  injm-ed  while  ahght- 
ing  from  a  train,  and  on  May  9,  1914,  col- 
lected $600  from  the  Minneapolis  and  St. 
Paul  Railway  company.  On  July  23,  1914, 
while  crossing  a  railroad  crossing  at  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich.,  he  was  injured,  he  claimed, 
and  he  later  extracted  $1,600  from  the 
Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  RaUroad  com- 
pany. His  latest  offense  was  the  affair  of 
the  Duluth  &  Iron  Range  Railroad  com- 
pany. 

Koch  will  be  brought  before  Judge 
Fesler  later  for  sentence.  Those  who  are 
famHiar  with  Koch's  liistory  declare  that 
whiskey  brought  about  his  ruin  and  that 
as  soon  as  he  made  a  good  haul  while  oper- 
ating his  game  he  would  spend  it  all  for 
liquor. 


SUPREME  COURT  DECISION 

Brooklyn  Eagle 

That  an  employer  is  not  responsible  for 
the  acts  of  his  servant  that  cause  damage 
to  another  when  those  acts  are  not  com- 
mitted in  furtherance  of  the  master's  busi- 
ness, was  the  decision  of  the  Appellate 
Division  of  the  Supreme  Coiu-t,  First  Di- 
vision, when  it  reversed  a  case  which  the 
lower  court  had  decided  against  a  Manhat- 
tan department  store.  The  reversal  in 
favor  of  the  department  store  was  given  by 
the  com"t  on  an  appeal  taken  by  the  at- 
torney, Abraham  Oberstein,  of  299  Broad- 
way, Manhattan. 

This  case  is  of  considerable  importance 
to  employers,  for  the  reason  that  their  em- 
ployes often  get  into  altercations  with  em- 
ployes of  other  concerns,  damages  some- 
times ensue,  and  then  the  question  arises 
whether  the  employer  is  responsible  for  the 
acts  of  his  servant.  As  the  justices  of  the 
Appellate  Division  view  the  question,  the 
issue  is  not  whether  an  inflicter  of  damages 
was  ia  the  employ  of  a  certain  firm,  but 
whether  he  was  promoting  the  firm's  in- 
terest in  inflicting  the  damages.    If  he 


was,  then  the  master  is  responsible,  pro- 
viding it  was  within  the  scope  of  the 
employe's  duties,  and  if  it  was  not,  then 
the  master  is  not  responsible,  no  matter 
how  grievous  or  serious  the  injury  inflicted 
may  be. 

Adolph  Miller,  through  his  guardian,  in- 
stituted suit  for  assault  against  Attorney 
Oberstein's  client.  Miller  was  a  driver  in 
the  employ  of  another  concern,  and  was 
about  to  deliver  goods  at  the  store  when 
one  of  the  latter's  drivers  asked  for  the 
berth  Miller  was  entitled  to.  Miller  re- 
fused. The  other  driver,  he  alleges,  as- 
saulted him.  Then  he  directed  suit  against 
the  department  store  concern,  under  the 
employers'  liability  act.  The  lower  covu-t 
decided  for  Miller,  but  Lawyer  Oberstein 
appealed  and  the  Appellate  Division  re- 
versed the  decision,  saying  that  Miller's 
suit  should  have  been  dismissed. 

The  opinion,  written  by  Presiding  Jus- 
tice Gildersleeve  and  concurred  in  by  Jus- 
tice McLean,  says: 

"The  test  of  liabiUty  in  such  cases  de- 
pends upon  the  question  whether  the  in- 
jury was  committed  by  the  authority  of 
the  master,  expressly  conferred,  or  fairly 
inferable  from  the  nature  of  the  employ- 
ment and  the  duties  incident  thereto.  The 
mere  statement  of  this  rule  answers  the 
question  in  favor  of  the  defendant  in  this 
case.  The  act  of  the  driver  was  a  wilful  and 
malicious  act.  It  was  not  done  in  further- 
ance of  his  master's  business  and  was  in  no 
way  connected  with  or  incident  to  the  per- 
formance of  any  of  the  duties  intrusted  to 
him  as  a  driver,  or  which  could  be  con- 
sidered as  promoting  the  defendant's  in- 
terests. The  rule  as  stated  in  Gervin  vs. 
N.  Y.  Central  R.  R.  Co.,  166  N.  Y.  289,  is 
as  follows :  '  If  a  servant  goes  outside  of  his 
employment  and,  without  regard  to  his 
service,  acting  maliciously  or  in  order  to 
effect  some  purpose  of  his  own,  wantonly 
commits  a  trespass  or  causes  damage  to 
another,  the  master  is  not  responsible.' 
The  plaintiff  faUed  to  prove  any  liability 
on  the  part  of  the  defendant  and  the  de- 
fendant's motion  to  dismiss  the  com- 
plaint should  have  been  granted." 


CRIMINAL  AND   CIVIL   COURTS 


89 


SUPREME  COURT  DECISION 

Duluth  Herald 

Eighteen  months  have  elapsed  since 
little  Florence  Lemoine,  a  pretty,  dark- 
eyed  dancer  of  18  years,  fell  from  a  side- 
walk on  West  Fourth  street  and  sustained 
an  injury  to  her  back  and  spine  which  has 
left  her  a  helpless  and  lifelong  paralytic. 
Unconscious  of  her  true  condition  and 
hopeful  of  the  future,  the  once  popular 
little  vaudeville  performer  lies  on  her  cot 
at  her  father's  ranch  near  Moscow,  Idaho, 
planning  theater  engagements  she  will 
never  fill  and  dreaming  of  new  gowns  and 
dances. 

Yesterday  the  Minnesota  supreme 
court  handed  down  a  decision  which 
affirms  the  judgment  of  the  district  court 
of  this  city  where,  a  few  months  ago,  a 
$5,000  verdict  was  obtained  against  the 
city  of  Duluth  in  her  favor.  A  jury  last 
April  awarded  her  damages  in  that  amount, 
but  the  city  asked  for  judgment  notwith- 
standing the  verdict.  Judge  Kesler  denied 
the  motion  and  an  appeal  was  taken  by 
the  city  to  the  supreme  court,  the  muni- 
cipality denying  its  liability.  The  higher 
tribunal  held  that  the  city  was  liable. 

On  Aug.  17,  1913,  Florence  stepped  off 
a  sidewalk  on  the  lower  side  of  West 
Fourth  street  between  Lake  and  First 
avenues  west.  The  accident  occurred  dur- 
ing the  evening  while  Mrs.  Jane  Lemoine 
was  escorting  her  two  daughters,  Florence 
and  15-year-old  Grace,  to  the  Happy 
Hour  theater,  where  they  were  filling  an 
engagement.  The  sidewalk  at  this  point 
is  elevated  several  inches  above  the  abut- 
ting property  and  at  the  time  of  the  acci- 
dent was  unprotected  by  a  rail. 

Florence  slipped  and  fell  on  her  back. 
Her  injuries  at  first  were  believed  to  be  of 
a  slight  nature.  Later  surgeons  pronounced 
her  suffering  from  spinal  trouble  and  paraly- 
sis of  the  lower  limbs.  She  was  taken  to  her 
room  at  the  Frederick  hotel,  where  the 
Lemoines  were  stopping,  and  there  re- 
mained until  after  the  trial  of  the  suit 
against  the  city  last  April.  The  Lemoines 
left  for  Moscow,  Idaho,  about  six  months 
ago.  Denny  &  Denny,  attorneys  for  Fred- 


erick Lemoine,  the  girl's  father,  who 
brought  suit  on  behalf  of  his  injured 
daughter,  recently  received  word  that 
the  girl's  condition  was  not  much  im- 
proved. She  is  still  in  bed.  Since  her  acci- 
dent Florence  has  been  of  a  cheerful  frame 
of  mind,  probably  because  her  true  con- 
dition has  been  carefully  withheld  from 
her. 

At  the  time  of  the  accident,  the  two 
girls  were  appearing  in  a  singing  and  danc- 
ing act  at  the  local  theater.  Both  are 
talented  in  their  line  and  their  appearance 
in  Duluth  was  during  their  second  season 
on  the  stage. 

The  Lemoines,  up  to  five  years  ago, 
lived  in  Baltimore.  The  two  girls  appeared 
in  a  number  of  amateur  theatrical  per- 
formances in  that  city  and  there  received 
their  training  for  professional  work.  In 
1910  their  father,  who  was  then  suffering 
from  a  nervous  breakdown,  moved  West, 
taking  his  family  with  him. 

After  the  Lemoines  had  settled  in  the 
West,  the  children  became  much  in  de- 
mand at  church  socials  and  amateur 
theatricals  on  account  of  their  talent  along 
that  line.  Later,  the  girls  were  offered  a 
vaudeville  engagement  with  a  song  and 
dance  act.  At  first  the  mother  refused  to 
allow  her  daughters  to  go  on  the  stage, 
but  after  a  flattering  salary  had  been  of- 
fered, she  finally  consented.  She  accom- 
panied them  on  their  tour  as  chaperone. 
The  season  was  about  half  over  when 
Florence  met  with  her  accident.  The 
father  remained  on  the  ranch  in  Idaho  be- 
cause of  his  poor  health. 

During  the  trial  of  the  case  last  April, 
Florence  was  brought  into  the  courtroom 
on  two  occasions,  both  times  on  her  cot. 
She  nervously  twitched  at  her  bedclothes 
and  at  her  jewelry  while  she  told  the  story 
of  the  affair  as  she  remembered  it.  She  told 
the  jury  that  she  was  spending  most  of  her 
time  now  drawing  sketches  and  that  until 
she  got  well  enough  to  get  back  to  the  stage 
she  expected  to  devote  her  time  to  art. 

The  two  girls  were  earning  from  $75 
to  $140  a  week  with  their  act,  according 
to  testimony  which  was  adduced  at  the 
trial. 


90 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


UNITED  STATES  SUPREME 
COURT  DECISION 

San  Francisco  Chronide 

The  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States  has  decided  in  the  case  of  Mrs. 
Ethel  Coope  Mackenzie  of  San  Francisco 
that  the  federal  expatriation  law  of  1907 
is  constitutionally  applicable  to  women 
that  continue  to  live  in  this  country  after 
marrying  foreigners  as  well  as  to  those  that 
marry  foreigners  and  live  abroad. 

The  ruling  settles  finally  a  test  case  that 
has  become  internationally  famous  in  suf- 
frage circles.  In  effect,  it  is  much  more 
sweeping  than  the  bare  recorded  fact  would 
indicate,  including  in  its  wide  range  a  host 
of  women,  in  and  out  of  states  where  they 
have  the  vote,  who  are  married  to  men  not 
citizens  of  the  United  States. 

It  means,  applied  locally,  simply  this: 
A  woman  born  in  California,  herself  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States  with  the  right 
to  vote,  automatically  relinquishes  her 
citizenship  and  that  right  the  moment  she 
becomes  the  wife  of  a  foreigner,  whether 
the  foreigner  is  a  resident  or  not. 

Mrs.  Mackenzie,  who  brought  the  test 
case,  is  the  wife  of  Gordon  Mackenzie, 
known  on  the  concert  platform  as  Mac- 
kenzie Gordon,  the  Scotch  tenor.  Her  hus- 
band, who  is  a  nephew  of  the  late  Sir 
Morell  Mackenzie,  a  famous  English  sur- 
geon, has  been  a  resident  of  San  Francisco 
for  the  last  twelve  years.  He  has  lived  in 
this  country  for  more  than  twenty  years. 
She  was  herself  born  in  California,  the 
daughter  of  J.  F.  Coope  of  Santa  Cruz, 
a  well  knowTi  California  pioneer.  But  the 
fact  that  her  husband,  born  a  British  sub- 
ject, has  never  taken  out  citizenship 
papers  in  this  country,  makes  Mrs.  Mac- 
kenzie, by  the  ruling  of  the  supreme  court, 
an  alien  in  the  eyes  of  the  law  of  the  United 
States. 

A  curious  feature  of  the  unusual  case 
is  that  Mrs.  Mackenzie  was  one  of  the 
most  ardent  of  the  workers  for  suffrage 
during  the  campaign  which  resulted  in  the 
women  being  given  the  vote  in  California. 

The  ruling  affects  also,  in  sweeping 
fashion,  a  large  number  of  other  women 


socially  prominent  in  San  Francisco.  It 
includes  Baroness  Van  Eck,  who  was  Miss 
Agnes  TUlman  and  who  is  still  a  resident 
of  this  state;  Baroness  Von  Brincken,  for- 
merly Miss  Milo  Abercombie,  also  living 
here;  Countess  Von  Falkenstein,  who  was 
Miss  Azalea  P.  Keyes;  Mrs.  John  Hubert 
Ward,  who  was  Miss  Jean  Reid,  and  a  great 
number  of  others. 

Mrs.  Mackenzie,  who,  since  her  mar- 
riage to  the  famous  tenor  in  August,  1909, 
has  been  living  at  2832  Jackson  Street, 
was  among  the  first  to  appear  at  the  polls 
after  the  state  had  enfranchised  its  femi- 
nine population.  She  was  refused  the  priv- 
ilege of  voting.  The  California  courts,  in 
which  the  case  was  instituted,  decided 
against  her.  Now  the  ruling  of  the  highest 
tribunal  in  the  country  upholds  the  lower 
courts. 

"It  was  something  of  a  shock,"  she 
said,  "to  learn  that  after  two  years  of 
hard  work  to  bring  suffrage  to  California 
I  could  not  enjoy  the  right  I  had  helped  to 
give  other  women.  Investigation  showed, 
of  course,  that  I  could  gain  my  citizenship 
and  my  right  to  vote,  and  also  retain  my 
husband,  by  his  application  for  naturaliza- 
tion papers,  but  I  did  not  wish  to  accept 
citizenship  on  those  terms,  and  so  I  brought 
a  test  case. 

"My  husband  kindly  delayed  his  citi- 
zenship until  my  case  might  be  presented 
in  the  courts.  Now  that  it  is  decided,  he 
will  become  a  citizen.  This  means  that  I 
shall  be  received  back  into  the  fold,  but 
only  because  I  am  his  wife." 

Concerning  the  effect  of  her  test  case, 
Mrs.  Mackenzie  stated  that  she  had  just 
heard  that  a  Mackenzie  Club  had  been 
organized  in  Oregon,  for  the  purpose  of 
"looking  into  the  matter." 


OPINION  OF  ATTORNEY  GENERAL 

Wisconsin  State  Journal 

Excess  fare  cannot  be  charged  of  pas- 
sengers on  the  railroads  of  Wisconsin  when 
tickets  are  purchased  on  the  trains,  unless 
provision  is  made  to  refund  the  amount  of 
overcharge. 


CRIMINAL  AND   CIVIL   COURTS 


91 


This  is  the  effect  of  an  opinion  rendered 
by  Attorney  General  F.  L.  Gilbert  today. 
Prior  to  the  passage  of  the  two-cent  fare 
law  the  Northwestern  and  St.  Paul  roads 
charged  10  cents  in  addition  to  the  regular 
fare  when  the  fare  was  paid  on  trains. 
This  practice  was  temporarily  discon- 
tinued when  the  two-cent  fare  law  was 
passed,  because  of  the  heavy  penalty  pro- 
vided for  violations.  An  attempt  has  been 
made  to  find  out  if  the  railroad  commis- 
sion would  not  permit  this  additional  fee 
being  charged.  An  opinion  was  asked  of 
the  attorney  general.   He  said: 

"It  seems  to  me  that  the  plain  spirit, 
intent  and  purpose  of  the  law  in  question 
was  to  establish  a  maximum  passenger  rate 
beyond  which  common  carriers  could  not, 
in  any  event,  go  and  retain  the  excess  as 
their  absolute  property. 

"I  am  therefore  of  the  opinion  that  such 
excess  fare  cannot  be  legally  collected  from 
a  passenger  unless  provision  is  made  for 
refund,  or  an  act  of  the  legislature  is  passed 
allowing  the  collection  and  retention  of  said 
excess  as  a  penalty  for  failure  to  purchase 
a  ticket  at  a  point  where  facilities  are  pro- 
vided." 

About  two  weeks  ago,  Lloyd  W.  Bow- 
ers, general  counsel  for  the  Northwestern 
and  Burton  Hanson,  general  solicitor  for 
the  St.  Paul,  brought  this  matter  before  the 
commission.  During  the  course  of  a  con- 
ference, the  railroads  claimed  that  the  old 
law  allowing  an  excess  fare  to  be  charged 
had  not  been  abrogated.  The  attorney 
general  held  differently. 


INSANITY  CASE 
Chicago  Herald 

Baptiste  Bardoli  is  on  his  way. 

Over  in  Italy,  on  a  big  estate  at  Lenno, 
near  the  shores  of  Lake  Como,  Baptiste's 
aged  father  is  waiting  to  see  him — that 
is,  he  was  waiting  to  see  him  when 
Baptiste  last  heard,  about  three  months 
ago. 

Baptiste  was  on  his  way  to  Italy  last 
June  when  he  left  his  home  in  Oakland, 
Cal.,  provided  with   some  $200  in   cash, 


long  green  tickets  for  the  train  and  small 
red  tickets  for  the  boat — clear  to  Italy. 

Baptiste  also  took  with  him  two  large 
bottles  of  Zinfandel.  The  bottles  were 
wrapped  in  twisted  straw,  through  which 
the  red  wine  could  be  seen  sparkling  in- 
side the  green  glass. 

The  traveler  arrived  in  Chicago  with- 
out the  bottles  but  with  the  contents. 
Policemen  met  Baptiste  at  the  railroad 
station.  They  stopped  him  from  biting 
the  iron  fence  of  the  train  shed.  They 
took  him  to  the  Harrison  street  police 
station. 

A  man  wearing  a  white  coat  came  in 
and  looked  at  Baptiste.  The  man  took  a 
yellow  sheet  of  paper  and  wrote  as  fol- 
lows: 

"June  30,  1914. — I  have  examined  Bap- 
tiste Bardoli  and  believe  him  to  be  insane 
and  recommend  his  commitment  to  an  in- 
stitution. He  is  on  his  way  from  Oakland, 
Cal.,  to  Italy  and  arrived  in  Chicago  on  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe  Railway 
Company.  Respectfully, 

Alfred  Lerot,  M.  D., 
Assistant  City  Physician." 

Baptiste  was  taken  to  the  detention 
home.  On  July  2  a  jury  composed  of  one 
physician  heard  testimony  concerning 
Baptiste's  actions  and  returned  a  verdict 
to  the  effect  that  Baptiste  was  insane — 
that  he  had  "alcoholic  hallucinosis" — 
that  he  manifested  suicidal  and  homicidal 
tendencies  and  had  about  $96  on  his  per- 
son. 

County  Judge  John  E.  Owens  appointed 
Walter  F.  Sommers,  an  attorney,  conserva- 
tor for  the  money,  and  turned  Baptiste 
over  to  the  Chicago  State  Hospital  for  the 
Insane  at  Dunning. 

Baptiste  "  came  to  "  on  July  4  and  called 
for  his  trousers.  He  was  denied.  He  pro- 
tested his  sanity.  He  admitted  his  tem- 
porary inebriety,  but  swore  that  he  had  no 
more  bottles  of  green  glass  wrapped  in 
straw.  It  was  no  use. 

Baptiste  wrote  letters  to  the  Italian 
consul.  He  implored  the  doctors  and  pic- 
tured for  them  the  father  who  was  waiting 
to  see  him  on  the  shores  of  Lake  Como. 
About  a  month  ago  he  convinced  the  Dun- 


92 


TYPES  OF  NEWS  WRITING 


ning  authorities  of  his  sanity,  and  they 
began  to  arrange  for  his  release. 

Investigators  at  the  office  of  the  Italian 
consul  declared  that  they  tried  to  get  Con- 
servator Sommers  to  turn  over  some 
money  to  Baptiste,  so  that  he  could  be  re- 
leased. They  say  Attorney  Sommers  re- 
plied that  under  the  Illinois  law  he  had 
been  appointed  for  a  year,  and  as  far  as 
the  court  records  showed,  Baptiste  was 
still  insane.  Moreover,  it  was  vacation 
time,  and  there  was  no  session  of  the  Pro- 
bate Court. 

Yesterday  Judge  Owens  entered  an 
order  restoring  Baptiste  to  his  civilian 
rights.  Probate  Judge  Gregg  ordered  the 
restoration  of  the  funds  held  by  the  con- 
servator. The  funds  were  restored.  He 
was  freed  from  the  asyliun. 

In  Illinois  the  records,  however,  will 
show  until  a  year  has  passed  that  Bap- 
tiste is  insane  and  that  he  can  only  con- 
duct business  legally  through  his  conserva- 
tor, who  can't  be  removed  for  a  year. 

But  Baptiste  is  happy — he's  on  his  way 
to  Italy. 


PROPOSED  LAW  SUIT 

New  York  Sun 

For  why  should  the  Kaminoka  Stru- 
molova  Sick  and  Benevolent  Association 
pay  out  money  for  burying  a  man  who  is 
not  yet  dead?  For  why  that  hearse,  $8; 
that  headstone,  $35;  those  two  funeral 
coaches  for  $11  when  Leon  Welfish,  the 
dear  dead  one,  is  alive  already  and  in  his 
OAvn  towm  of  Kaminoka,  Galicia? 

Not  for  often  will  the  Kaminoka  Stru- 
molova  Sick  and  Benevolent  Association 
make  such  a  fool  of  itself  and  those  money 
spendings  for  the  hearse,  the  headstone, 
the  funeral  coaches  and  all  the  rest  mak- 
ing of  Two  Hu-u-ndred  dollars! — to  the 
court  here  by  a  lawyer  the  Kaminoka 
Strumolova  is  going  for  recovering.  To 
the  court  by  Lawyer  William  Schneider 
the  Kaminoka  Strumolova  is  going  and 
make  for  getting  back  all  that  money  be- 
cause Leon  Welfish  did  not  have  the  use 
of  it,  being  not  at  all  dead  and  buried. 


Aye-yah;  it  is  all  right  enough  for  the 
hospital  people  in  the  place  at  Central 
Islip  to  say  that  there  was  mistaking  in 
sending  Leon  Welfish  to  be  buried  by  the 
Kaminoka  Strumolova  when  it  was  not 
Leon  at  all  who  had  died,  but  some  one 
else.  It's  all  right  to  say  these  things, 
but  that  does  not  pay  back  the  monej's 
for  such  a  comfortable  funeral  that  some 
one  else  enjoyed.  Oh  no.  The  State  of 
New  York  by  the  courts  will  have  to  pay 
back  those  moneys  for  those  mistakes.  It 
is  to  the  Court  of  Claims  in  Washington 
that  the  lawj'er  is  going  to  make  the  State 
to  pay  up  these  losses  by  the  Kaminoka 
Strumolova. 

Listen. 

Came  to  this  coimtry  from  Kaminoka, 
which  is  in  Galicia,  which  is  of  Austria, 
Leon  Welfish,  a  yoimg  man  who  did  not 
have  great  strength  but  who  was  honest 
and  who  would  never  try  to  cheat  anybody. 
Came  Leon  Welfish  by  New  York  and  he 
worked  as  tailor  until  one  night  when  he 
didn't  work,  but  fell  do\sTi  on  the  side- 
walk by  Lewis  street  and  they  takes  him  to 
Bellevue.  They  looks  at  him  for  three 
days — observations,  they  calls  it — and 
then  they  sends  him  to  the  State  hospital 
for  poor  insane  ones  at  Central  Islip.  Leon 
goes  and  everybody  is  sorry  that  he  is  one 
of  the  poor  insane  ones. 

But  then,  before  Leon  Welfish  is  by  the 
hospital  very  long,  comes  the  immigra- 
tioners  from  Ellis  Island  and  they  say 
Leon  Welfish  is  vmfit  for  being  in  this 
country  and  never  should  have  come  by 
New  York.  Back  he  goes  to  Kaminoka, 
Galicia;  so  say  these  immigrationers. 

Everj'body  believes  that  Leon  Welfish 
must  go  back  to  Kaminoka,  and  his  friends 
by  Rivington  street  are  mourning  that 
such  a  good  boy  goes  home.  Then  one 
day — it  was  the  5th  day  of  August,  two 
years  ago — comes  to  one  of  Leon  Wel- 
fish's  friends  by  Rivington  street  this  mes- 
sage from  the  hospital : 

"Leon  Welfish  is  dead.  Pleurisy  makes 
it.  Shall  we  bury  him  or  do  his  friends 
make  the  buryings?" 

Of  course  it  is  to  be  that  the  Kaminoka 
Strumolova,  which  is  the  society  belonging 


CRIMINAL  AND   CIVIL   COURTS 


93 


to  Leon  Welfish,  shall  make  the  buryings. 
Leon  was  a  member  standing  good  and 
every  member  has  for  his  money  a  good 
burial  or  good  doctors  when  in  sickness. 
So  says  the  Kaminoka  Strumolova,  "We 
make  the  buryings." 

They  makes.  It  costs  all  the  $8  for 
hearse,  $35  for  headstones  and  the  rest  of 
those  $200  which  belongs  to  Leon  Welfish 
for  being  a  dead  member  of  the  Kami- 
noka Strumolova.  Nobody  sees  Leon  Wel- 
fish before  the  buryings,  for  the  hospital 
people  sends  it  so  no  one  sees.  All  of  the 
society  makes  of  itselves  assessments  for 
paying  the  funeral  and  three  members  of 
committee  wear  white  gloves  and  rides  in 
those  for  $11  hacks  to  Mount  Zion  Ceme- 
tery. 

Leon  Welfish's  papa  and  mamma,  which 
are  by  Kaminoka  yet,  gets  a  letter  from 
the  Kaminoka  Strumolova  which  says  Leon 
is  dead  and  has  a  good  buryings  for  $200 
— a  very  good  buryings — and  very  sorry 
to  have  to  say  these  sad  tidings.  Then 
Leon  Welfish's  papa  and  mamma  make 
mournings  by  their  dead  son,  and  all  of  his 
friends  by  Kaminoka  make  mournings. 

Comes  to  Kaminoka  then  one  very  dark 
and  rainy  night  Leon  Welfish,  who  was 
sent  home  by  the  immigrationers.  Comes 
Leon  and  knocks  at  the  door  of  his  papa 
and  mamma's  house. 

"Hello,  my  papa;  hello,  my  mamma!" 
says  Leon  when  they  opens  the  door,  and 
Leon's  papa  calls  for  police  and  Leon's 
mamma  has  a  fit  on  the  floor  right  in  front 
of  him. 

After  that  Leon  Welfish  and  Leon's  papa 
and  mamma  make  a  great  rage  because 
he  was  dead  and  is  not  really  dead.  They 
make  writings  to  the  Kaminoka  Strumo- 
lova to  know  for  why  was  that  mistake 
made.  Strumolova  makes  investigations 
and  now  it  goes  to  court  by  a  lawyer. 


SUIT  FOR  SEPARATION 

New  York  Telegram 

Alleging  that  for  the  sake  of  her  three 
children  she  had  endured  verbal  and 
physical  abuse  of  violent  character  for 


seventeen  years,  Mrs.  Clara  Hansen,  of 
No.  10  Western  Parkway,  to-day  filed 
suit  for  separation  in  the  Supreme  Court 
against  her  husband,  Harry  L.  Hansen, 
worth  a  million,  and  half  owner  in  the 
Schmidt  and  Hansen  Brewing  Company 
of  Newark.  Mr.  Hansen  makes  his  home 
at  No.  190  East  Ninety-ninth  street. 

Accompanjang  the  affidavits  of  Mrs. 
Hansen  is  a  deposition  from  her  sixteen- 
year-old  son,  Oscar,  in  which  he  corrob- 
orates many  of  the  stories  of  beatings  and 
other  abuses  alleged  by  his  mother,  and 
makes  the  statement  that  his  father's 
treatment  of  himself  was  such  that  he  was 
glad  when  his  mother  established  a  second 
home  and  took  the  children  with  her.  In 
addition  to  Oscar,  the  Hansens  have  a 
daughter,  Nellie,  thirteen,  and  another 
son,  Henry,  twelve  years  old. 

Mrs.  Hansen  was  represented  in  the 
preliminary  court  proceedings  by  Mrs. 
Harriette  M.  Johnston- Wood,  of  the  law 
firm  of  Wood  &  Wood,  No.  2  Rector 
street,  a  well  known  leader  of  the  suf- 
fragist movement. 

In  the  papers  filed  Mrs.  Hansen  states 
that  she  was  married  to  Harry  L.  Hansen 
in  this  city  in  1897  and  that  they  went  from 
New  York  to  Washington  to  begin  their 
honeymoon  trip.  Three  days  after  the 
wedding,  she  alleges,  while  they  were  stiU 
in  Washington,  her  husband  became  vio- 
lently angry  and,  after  choking  her,  threw 
her  against  the  furniture  in  their  room. 

Later,  at  the  Grand  Hotel,  at  St.  Aug- 
ustine, Fla.,  he  refused  to  talk  to  her,  she 
asserts,  and  they  returned  to  this  city 
without  speaking  to  each  other.  Their  first 
home,  she  says,  was  established  in  a  house 
owned  by  Mr.  Hansen,  at  No.  99  East 
Eightieth  street,  and  there,  she  sets  forth, 
he  beat  her  frequently  and  repeatedly 
swore  at  her,  and  said,  "I  hate  your  peace- 
ful face;  I'm  tired  of  it." 

Before  Oscar  was  born,  in  1898,  she 
further  alleges,  her  husband  accused  her  of 
being  on  friendly  terms  with  the  tradesmen 
who  came  to  the  house.  After  the  boy  was 
born  he  told  her  that,  since  he  had  an  heir, 
he  had  no  further  use  for  her  and,  opening 
the  front  door,  said,  "This  way  out."  - 


94 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


In  1900,  she  says,  while  she  was  in  Berlin 
with  her  husband,  she  was  compelled  to 
go  to  a  sanitarium,  and  later,  when  they 
were  in  the  Alps,  he  left  her  and  went  to 
England,  where  she  finally  located  him. 

To  escape  his  abuse  two  years  later,  she 
went  to  Philadelphia,  and  in  1909  she  went 
to  Europe  with  her  daughter,  returning 
later  at  her  husband's  earnest  requests. 
The  final  separation,  she  states,  took  place 
in  1911,  when  she  established  a  separate 
home  for  herself  and  her  children. 

In  the  deposition  made  by  the  son  Oscar, 
he  states  that  on  several  occasions  he  saw 
his  father  beat  and  abuse  his  mother.  The 
boy  also  states  that  his  father  had  violent 
fits  of  temper  on  an  average  of  once  a 
month  and  that  on  one  occasion,  when  he 
became  displeased  with  the  boy,  he  drew  a 
knife  and  destroyed  the  wireless  apparatus 
which  the  child  had  spent  an  entire  winter 
in  building. 

Mrs.  Hansen  asks  for  $200  a  week  tem- 
porary alimony  and  $25,000  counsel  fees. 
She  states  that  the  brewery  in  which  her 
husband  is  interested  turns  out  750,000 
barrels  of  beer  annually  and  that  he  has 
other  sources  of  income. 


DIVORCE  CASE 

Detroit  News 

The  story  of  the  married  life  of  Dr. 
Arthur  and  Mildred  S.  Smith,  from  1900 
to  1913  reads  the  same  as  that  of  any 
struggling  yoimg  physician  in  a  large  city. 
But  — 

In  1913  the  physician  found  fortune  smil- 
ing on  him  and  he  turned  to  look  at  his 
wife  and  his  gold.  She  had  faded  during 
those  years  when  $1  was  made  to  last 
longer  than  $10  would  now. 

"I  am  just  in  his  way  now,"  said  Mrs. 
Smith  to  Judge  Van  Zile,  while  testifying 
in  her  suit  for  divorce.  The  doctor  filed 
his  bill  several  months  ago  and  she  filed  a 
cross-bill. 

A  younger  girl,  with  golden  hair,  red 
cheeks  and  lips  has  come  between  the 
doctor  and  his  wife,  according  to  Mrs. 
Smith. 


"I  filled  in  all  right  when  someone  was 
needed  to  slave  and  dig  the  dirt  out  of  the 
office  floors  and  dust  the  furniture,"  con- 
tinued the  woman.  "He  didn't  have  time 
to  look  at  me  then  to  see  whether  I  looked 
good  to  him  or  not. 

"We  worked  mechanically,  shoulder  to 
shoulder.  I  played  my  part  and  he  played 
his.  The  business  and  my  husband's  bank 
account  would  lead  anyone  to  think  that 
it  was  a  success." 

Mrs.  Smith,  a  little  woman,  her  eyes 
filled  with  tears,  seemed  to  reflect  a  mo- 
ment and  then  continued: 

"Perhaps  it  is  a  success.  It  seems  that 
success  must  be  measured  in  dollars  and 
cents  no  matter  who  gets  the  gold.  He 
undoubtedly  is  happy,  but — I — I  am  a 
wreck." 

Mrs.  Smith  said  that  when  her  baby 
was  born  her  husband  told  her  not  to  stay 
in  the  hospital  too  long  as  she  was  needed 
in  the  office.  She  says  that  she  left  the 
hospital  in  three  weeks  and  the  child  died 
at  the  end  of  five  weeks. 

"It  was  always  so,"  she  continued.  "He 
always  wanted  me  in  the  oflBce  and  I  was 
willing  to  stay.  It  was  only  a  few  years 
ago  that  he  went  abroad,  and  I  remained 
at  home,  as  we  both  agreed  that  it  woiild 
cost  too  much  for  us  both.  Then  he  took 
several  other  equally  expensive  trips,  but 
he  never  asked  me  to  go." 

Mrs.  Smith  said  she  and  her  husband  had 
always  been  active  in  the  Summerfield 
Methodist  church,  and  that  her  husband 
even  carried  his  dislike  for  her  to  the 
church,  urging  her  not  to  go  to  any  of  the 
meetings,  either  social  or  religious. 

"I  was  active  in  home  missionary  work," 
said  Mrs.  Smith,  "and  he  told  me  that  it 
didn't  look  well  for  me  always  to  be  mixing 
in  with  the  church  affairs.  I  told  him  I 
couldn't  conscientiously  drop  my  church 
work  and  wouldn't." 

Mrs.  Smith  declared  her  husband  had 
told  her  he  couldn't  afford  to  live  with 
her  any  longer  as  she  wasn't  so  attractive 
as  another  girl  he  knew  and  her  company 
tired  him  instead  of  affording  him  rest  and 
comfort. 
_  "His  father  also  told  me  that  I  might 


CRIMINAL  AND   CIVIL  COURTS 


95 


as  well  get  out  right  away  as  Walter  had 
to  have  some  one  younger  and  more  at- 
tractive," she  said.  "The  old  father  said: 
'You  don't  fit  into  Walter's  station  in  life 
and  you  might  as  well  get  out  without  a 
fuss,  as  you  will  have  to  move  some 
time.'" 

Mrs.  Smith  testified  that  her  husband's 
practice  is  worth  between  $400  and  $600 
a  week,  and  that  he  owns  three  automo- 
biles. 

"I  just  rode  in  one  of  them,  however," 
she  added.  "The  oflBce  girl  rides  in  them 
most  of  the  time." 

Dr.  Smith  stated  in  his  bUl  that  his  wife 
had  an  ungovernable  temper  and  that  she 
called  up  his  patients  and  advised  them 
not  to  consult  him.  The  doctor  further 
stated  that  these  and  other  things  ruined 
his  health  and  his  business. 

Mrs.  Smith  was  given  the  decree. 


RECEIVERSHIP  PROCEEDINGS 
Chicago  Tribune 

Inflated  reports  of  sales  by  managers  of 
branch  houses,  extending  over  a  period  of 
three  years,  and  resulting  in  a  misleading 
annual  statement,  it  was  said  yesterday, 
were  responsible  for  the  receivership  pro- 
ceedings for  Robert  Z.  Link  &  Co. 

The  Chicago  banks  which  were  the 
principal  creditors  of  the  corporation  dis- 
covered the  character  of  these  statements 
a  few  days  ago  in  an  audit  of  the  books,  and 
at  once  took  steps  to  protect  creditors. 

The  other  explanation- advanced  for  the 
crisis  in  the  company's  affairs  came  from 
Secretary  William  H.  Arthur. 

"  In  the  panic  last  fall,"  he  declared, 
"poor  people,  who  are  the  firm's  principal 
customers,  could  not  afford  to  buy  even 
the  cheapest  fish.  They  became  vege- 
tarians. If  we  could  have  tided  over  our 
financial  difficulties  until  after  Lent  we 
would  have  weathered  the  storm.  Trade 
was  just  beginning  to  pick  up." 

Developments  of  the  day  were  as  fol- 
lows: 

Receiver  William  T.  Harrison,  learning  that 
fish,  oysters,  and  other  sea  foods  were  lying 


in  the  cars,  took  measures  to  obtain  the  fullest 
powers  in  conducting  a  business  based  upon 
transactions  in  perishable  products. 

Four  Chicago  banks  that  hold  nearly 
$2,500,000  of  the  firm's  paper,  some  of  it 
accepted  two  months  ago,  held  a  conference 
and  discussed  reorganization  of  the  company. 

Minority  creditors  prepared  to  organize. 

Efforts  were  made  to  find  out  what  the  com- 
pany did  with  the  proceeds  of  $1,000,000 
worth  of  preferred  stock  issued  last  October. 
Officials  say  it  was  used  to  take  up  short  term 
notes  and  to  buy  warehouses  and  plants  to 
prevent  competition.  Creditors  believe  exor- 
bitant sums  were  paid  for  the  plants. 

Ancillary  receivers  were  appointed  for 
branch  plants  of  the  company  in  various  parts 
of  the  country. 

Receiver  Harrison  issues  a  statement  prac- 
tically exonerating  Link  brothers  for  blame 
for  the  financial  straits  of  the  Company. 

An  ofiicial  of  one  of  the  four  Chicago 
banks  which  hold  nearly  $2,500,000  of  the 
firm's  paper  said  that  the  receiver  was 
appointed  after  the  banks  had  learned 
that  some  persons  connected  with  Robert 
Z.  Link  &  Co.  had  issued  misleading  state- 
ments concerning  its  volume  of  business. 
The  Link  brothers  are  not  believed  to 
have  known  anything  about  these  false 
statements. 

The  company,  it  appears,  has  a  number 
of  ambitious  managers  of  its  branch  houses 
in  various  parts  of  the  country.  Each 
manager  gets  a  percentage  on  his  total 
sales.  Some  of  them,  to  obtain  the  com- 
mission, it  is  asserted,  juggled  their  re- 
ports in  such  a  manner  that  their  total 
sales  appeared  to  be  much  larger  than 
they  really  were,  and  the  annual  report  was 
in  consequence  misleading.  The  com- 
pany had  no  system  of  checking  up  these 
reported  sales,  and  it  was  not  until  the 
bankers  put  an  auditing  firm  upon  the 
books,  after  they  suspected  something  fol- 
lowing the  issuance  of  the  last  annual 
statement,  that  the  discrepancies  were  dis- 
covered. 

The  fact  that  the  last  annual  statement 
does  not  account  for  new  money,  the  pro- 
ceeds of  the  last  stock  issue,  also  is  being 
investigated. 

Secretary  Arthur  had  a  different  expla- 
nation to  make. 


96 


TYPES   OF  NEWS   WRITING 


"  The  panic  of  last  fall,  and  vegetarian- 
ism to  which  the  poor  were  reduced  when 
thrown  out  of  employment,"  he  declared, 
"are  responsible  for  most  of  our  troubles. 

"  It  is  a  well  known  fact  that  the  com- 
pany supplied  two-thirds  of  the  oysters, 
fish,  and  all  sea  food  eaten  in  this  country. 
The  bulk  of  this  trade  is  among  poor  peo- 
ple. The  company's  chief  business  has 
been  in  fish  that  retails  at  8, 10,  and  15  cents 
a  pound,  especially  in  large  cities.  We 
depended  most  upon  our  business  in  fresh 
water  fish — the  largest  in  the  world  in 
herring,  lake  perch  and  such  cheaper 
varieties.  This  trade  came  from  working 
people. 

"When  the  working  people  were  thrown 
out  of  employment  and  stopped  buying 
fish,  our  trade  fell  off  tremendously.  It 
has  just  begun  to  pick  up,  and  if  the  bank- 
ers had  not  taken  alarm  and  had  given  us  a 
little  more  time,  we  should  have  come  out 
all  right." 

Mr.  Arthur  said  that  the  $1,000,000  ac- 
quired in  the  last  issue  of  preferred  stock 
had  mostly  gone  to  pay  short  term  notes. 

Receiver  Harrison  in  the  afternoon  went 
to  Lake  Geneva  to  hold  a  conference  with 
Judge  Kohlsaat,  who  had  been  originally 
selected  as  the  judge  before  whom  the  re- 
ceivership proceedings  were  to  be  held. 

"I  wish  to  secure  the  fullest  authority 
for  conducting  the  business,  which  is  based 
so  largely  upon  perishable  products,  so 
that  there  will  be  no  loss,"  said  Mr.  Harri- 
son. "  I  already  have  that  power,  but  I 
want  to  have  it  specified  more  clearly." 

Representatives  from  several  railroads 
called  on  Mr.  Harrison  before  his  depar- 
ture to  ask  what  should  be  done  with  quan- 
tities of  fish  that  were  standing  in  the  cars 
on  sidetracks.  The  companj'  has  $600,000 
in  available  cash  to  carry  on  its  business. 
It  is  estimated  that  $1,000,000  will  be 
needed. 

Mr.  Harrison  made  a  statement  in  which 
he  said : 

"From  the  examination  of  the  books  of 
Robert  Z.  Link  &  Co.  that  has  been  pos- 
sible since  my  appointment  as  receiver  I 
should  say  that  the  Link  family  owns  about 
60  per  cent  of  the  preferred,  and  about  50 


per  cent  of  the  common  stock.  When  the 
$1,000,000  of  preferred  stock  was  issued 
within  the  year,  it  would  appear  that  the 
Link  family  paid  their  assessment  on  this 
stock  and  took  their  full  pro  rata,  and  I 
cannot  find  that  any  transfer  of  any  of 
their  shares  has  been  made." 


ASSIGNMENT 

New  York  Times 

Henry  W.  Williams,  who  carried  on  a 
banking  and  brokerage  business  at  33  Wall 
Street,  assigned  yesterday  for  the  benefit 
of  his  creditors,  to  Mark  T.  Cox  of  the 
firm  of  Robert  Winthrop  &  Co.  Mr.  Wil- 
hams  was  the  publisher  of  Williams'  In- 
vestors' Manual,  and  is  a  director  in  sev- 
eral other  concerns. 

No  figm-es  were  given  out  yesterday  as 
to  the  extent  of  his  liabilities,  but  it  was 
said  by  a  representative  of  important 
banking  interests  that  no  complications  in- 
volving other  Wall  Street  houses  need  be 
expected  as  a  result  of  the  failure.  First 
estimates  put  the  loss  at  between  $5,000,- 
000  and  $10,000,000,  but  as  the  part  which 
H.  W.  Williams  &  Co.  has  played  re- 
cently in  the  money  market  has  been 
steadily  diminishing,  it  is  believed  that  the 
Habilities  will  amount  to  from  $1,000,000 
to  $2,000,000.  Hawkins  &  Delafield  are 
the  attorneys  for  some  of  the  principal 
creditors  of  the  firm. 

Lewis  L.  Delafield  of  this  firm  conferred 
yesterday  afternoon  with  John  L.  Cad- 
walader  of  Strong  &  Cadwalader,  the  at- 
torneys for  the  assignee.  They  gave  out 
this  statement  after  the  conference: 

Henry  W.  Williams,  transacting  busi- 
ness in  the  State  of  New  York  under  the 
name  of  H.  W.  Williams  &  Co.,  has  made 
a  general  assignment  for  the  benefit  of 
creditors  to  Mark  T.  Cox  of  Robert  Win- 
throp &  Co.  There  are  no  preferences  be- 
yond such  as  the  statute  gives  to  em- 
ployes. 

A  superficial  examination  justifies  the 
belief  that  if  the  creditors,  who  are  few  in 
number,  will  co-operate  in  enabling  the 
assignee  to  effect  a  favorable  liquidation 
of  the  assets,  a  large  sum  will  be  realized 


CRIMINAL  AND  CIVIL  COURTS 


97 


for  their  benefit.  Written  assurances  of 
important  financial  assistance  to  such 
creditors  as  will  co-operate  to  that  end 
have  been  given. 

Neither  Mr.  Cox,  the  assignee,  nor 
Messrs.  Robert  Winthrop  &  Co.  are  in- 
terested as  creditors  or  otherwise  in  the 
assigned  estate. 

None  of  the  lawyers  yesterday  would 
make  an  estimate  of  the  extent  of  the  fail- 
ure. Some  surprise  was  expressed  at  the 
wording  of  the  deed  of  assignment  filed  in 
the  County  Clerk's  office.  It  read:  "H. 
W.  Williams,  trading  as  H.  W.  WiUiams 
&  Co."  as  though  the  assignor  had  no  part- 
ners in  the  firm.  The  latest  corporation 
directories  give  the  firm's  personnel  as  H. 
W.  Wilhams,  Frederick  A.  Farrar,  W.  N. 
Phoenix,  Franklyn  W.  Hunt,  Charles  F. 
Cushman,  and  Henry  V.  Williams.  Of 
these  Messrs.  Farrar,  Hunt,  and  Cushman 
live  near  Boston,  where  the  firm  had  a 
branch  office. 

It  was  said  at  the  oflBce  of  Hawkins  & 
Delafield  that  Henry  W.  Wilhams  some 
time  ago  filed  the  necessary  deed  with  the 
County  Clerk  authorizing  him  to  use  the 
firm  name  after  his  partners  had  resigned 
their  interests.  No  information  could  be 
obtained  as  to  when  the  dissolution  of 
partnership  took  place. 

It  is  understood  that  Mr.  Williams'  re- 
sources have  been  dwindling  for  some  time. 
His  firm  engaged  in  several  unprofitable 
consolidations,  and  in  the  slump  in  stocks  of 
March,  1907,  it  was  reported  that  the  con- 
cern was  hard  hit.  The  October  panic 
found  it  again  in  bad  shape  to  meet  a  finan- 
cial storm. 

Mr.  Williams  began  business  in  1865 
as  H.  V.  &  H.  W.  Wilhams,  and  became 
widely  known  as  the  publisher  of  Wil- 
liams' Investors'  Manual.  In  1880  he  en- 
tered the  banking  business  as  a  partner 
in  the  house  of  Anthony,  Williams  &  Oli- 
phant.  A  year  later  this  concern  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Williams,  Ohphant  &  Co.  It 
was,  however,  as  a  member  of  the  house 
of  Williams  &  Greenough  that  Mr.  Wil- 
liams attained  his  greatest  prominence  in 
Wall  Street.  He  was  particularly  active  in 
leather  and  ice,  and  is  said  to  have  made 


about  $5,000,000  by  his  operations  in  these 
lines. 

In  1899  the  firm  was  dissolved,  and  Mr. 
Williams  continued  in  business  as  H.  W. 
WiUiams  &  Co.  Since  then  he  has  been  in- 
terested in  a  number  of  consolidations 
which  have  turned  out  to  be  heavy  drains 
upon  him.  Among  these  was  the  Colonial 
Sugar  Company,  which  has  since  been 
absorbed  by  the  Cuban  American  Sugar 
Company. 

Mr.  WnUams  formed  the  Colonial  con- 
cern by  merging  a  number  of  Cuban  and 
Louisiana  sugar  properties  in  which  he  was 
interested.  The  venture  was  unprofitable, 
and  it  was  said  last  night  by  an  officer  of 
the  company  that  Mr.  Williams'  firm  had 
dropped  between  $300,000  and  $400,000 
in  it. 

Another  of  his  interests  was  the  New- 
ton &  Northwestern  Railroad  of  Iowa, 
which  has  since  been  taken  over  by  the 
Fort  Dodge,  Des  Moines  &  Southern  Rail- 
road. Suit  was  brought  against  him  re- 
cently by  Howard  WUletts  on  account  of 
the  investment  which  he  had  made  in  the 
road  on  the  recommendation  of  Henry 
Williams  &  Co.  Mr.  Willetts  is  suing  for 
$243,000,  the  price  of  200  of  the  bonds  of 
the  company,  on  the  ground  that  the  hne 
is  not  earning  enough  to  pay  its  fixed 
charges.   The  case  is  still  pending. 

Other  concerns  in  which  Mr.  Williams 
has  had  large  interests  are  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  &  Texas  Railway  Company  and  the 
United  States  Casualty  Company,  of  which 
he  was  a  Director,  and  the  Postal  Tele- 
graph Cable  Company  of  Texas,  of  which 
he  is  President,  now  a  part  of  the  system 
of  the  American  Telegraph  and  Telephone 
Company. 

For  some  years  H.  W.  Williams  &  Co. 
has  maintained  an  office  in  Boston.  It 
has  dealt  exclusively  in  bonds,  bidding  for 
local,  as  well  as  Massachusetts  State,  and 
city  issues.  The  last  issue  in  which  the  Bos- 
ton branch  figured  was  that  of  the  United 
States  Envelop  Company  of  Worcester, 
Mass.,  which  issued  $2,000,000  worth  a 
couple  of  months  ago.  The  firm  has  also 
invested  heavily  in  American  Telephone 
Company  and  Atlanta,  Birmingham  &  At- 


98 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


lantic  Railroad  bonds.  Boston  bankers  do 
not  consider  that  the  failure  will  have  any 
important  effect  on  other  houses. 

Outside  of  financial  circles  Mr.  Wil- 
liams occupied  an  important  position  in 
society  and  was  an  art  lover.  His  house 
at  Tuxedo  Park  has  been  known  as  one 
of  the  finest  examples  of  modern  country 
residences.  His  town  house,  1  Lexington 
Avenue,  facing  Gramercy  Park  and  exactly 
opposite  to  the  residence  of  the  late  Stan- 
ford White,  one  of  his  warm  friends,  has 
been  renowned  for  its  rich  and  artistic 
decorations. 

Mr.  Williams  was  a  liberal  supporter  of 
music,  and  helped  many  students  to  fol- 
low their  profession.  He  is,  however,  best 
known  as  a  book  collector.  For  years  he 
spent  large  sums  on  rare  editions  and  fine 
bindings.  He  brought  together  a  library 
with  hardly  an  equal  in  America.  Among 
his  special  treasures  were  a  first  edition  of 
Thomas  a  Kempis's  "Imitatio  Christi," 
Higden's  "Polychronicon,"  and  some  rare 
Americana.  His  collection  was  estimated 
as  worth  between  $200,000  and  $300,000. 

A  few  months  ago  it  was  announced 
that  this  library  was  to  be  sold  at  auction. 
It  was  the  first  intimation  to  the  world  at 
large  that  Mr.  Williams  was  in  financial 
difficulties.  The  sale  began  on  Nov.  12, 
and  the  first  day's  offerings  brought  in 
$19,000.  Some  of  the  leading  book  collec- 
tors of  the  country,  such  as  J.  Pierpont 
Morgan  and  Senator  Henry  C.  Lodge,  sent 
representatives,  and  by  the  time  the  first 
two  sections  had  been  disposed  of  $75,000 
was  realized.  It  is  understood  that  the 
three  other  sections  are  stUl  more  valuable. 

Five  j^ears  ago  Miss  Edith  Williams 
was  married  to  Capt.  James  K.  Modison 
of  the  Warwick  Regiment  of  the  British 
Army.  It  was  one  of  the  most  brilliant 
social  functions  of  the  year,  the  best  man 
being  Sir  E.  Stewart  Richardson,  and  the 
ushers  Pierre  LorUlard,  R.  Monroe  Fer- 
guson, Arthur  Derby,  Frederick  C.  Have- 
meyer,  Jr.,  J.  Insile  Blair,  Jr.,  J.  M.  Water- 
bury,  Jr.,  Henry  V.  Poor,  and  Roger  Poor. 
The  bridesmaids  were  the  Misses  Violet 
Cruger,  Janet  Fish,  Muriel  Robbins,  and 
Helen  Cutting. 


Note  —  The  way  in  which  the  human  inter- 
est can  he  brought  out  in  what  might  ordinarily 
he  considered  routine  news,  is  shown  by  the  sec- 
ond of  the  follovnng  two  stories. 

PATENT  AWARD 

(1) 

New  York  Times 

The  Board  of  Examiners  of  the  Patent 
Office  decided  that  the  man  who  made  the 
hydroaeroplane  possible  was  not  Glenn  H. 
Curtiss,  but  Albert  S.  Janin,  a  poor  cabinet 
maker  of  Staten  Island. 

In  1910  Mr.  Curtiss  began  testing  a 
canoe  device  to  carry  the  planes  on  the 
water  till  the  momentum  necessary  to  lift 
them  was  obtained,  but  it  did  not  work. 

In  the  controversy  that  followed  the 
use  of  the  present  device,  which  consists 
mainly  of  outrigging  to  keep  the  planes  on 
an  even  keel,  it  came  out  that  Mr.  Janin 
had  really  produced  the  device  in  1909, 
about  a  year  before  Mr.  Curtiss  had  failed 
to  raise  his  machines  at  Hammondsport. 

Thomas  A.  Hill,  a  lawyer,  of  233  Broad- 
way, took  up  Janin's  claims  and  put 
them  before  the  examiners  of  Interference 
of  the  Patent  Office.  Mr.  Hill  alleged  that 
on  July  3,  1910,  Curtiss  tried  four  times 
in  vain  to  raise  his  plane  from  Lake 
Keuka;  also  that  Curtiss  admitted  the  fail- 
ure. It  was  shown  that  drawings  of  the 
successful  device  now  in  use  were  made  by 
Janin  long  before  this  date,  and  that  he 
tried  to  build  a  machine  to  test  it  in  opera- 
tion, but  couldn't  get  the  money. 

Mr.  Curtiss  contended  that  the  device 
was  his,  and  that  it  had  failed  at  Lake 
Keuka  because  the  motors  were  not 
strong  enough  to  do  their  share  of  the  work. 
In  deciding  against  Mr.  Janin  the  Ex- 
aminers of  Interference  said: 

While  he  (Curtiss)  was  thus  engaged 
Janin  was  sleeping  on  his  rights,  from 
which  slumber  he  did  not  awake  until 
after  the  achievements  of  Curtiss  had 
been  widely  published. 

Then  the  case  was  taken  before  the 
Board  of  Examiners,  who  found  for  Mr. 
Janin.  Their  opinion  reads  in  part: 


CRIMINAL  AND  CIVIL  COURTS 


99 


He  (Janin)  is  a  poor  man,  evidently 
struggling  for  a  sufficient  income  to  meet 
his  current  living  expenses.  From  what 
his  witnesses  testify,  it  is  apparent  that  he 
was  continuously  striving  to  raise  funds 
to  develop  his  ideas,  which  were  regarded 
by  many  as  illusionary. 

It  also  came  out  that  Janin,  in  the  years 
he  was  working  on  his  water  flyer,  was  the 
butt  of  many,  who  looked  upon  him  as 
unbalanced  by  one  idea. 

Concerning  the  statements  of  Curtiss 
that  his  motors  were  not  powerful  enough, 
the  Examiners  said: 

An  excuse  of  this  kind  for  failure  to 
make  flights  could  probably  be  advanced 
in  good  faith  by  hundreds  of  inventors  of 
aeroplanes,  who  have  been  seeking  pat- 
ents for  the  last  forty  or  fifty  years. 

Mr.  Hill  said  yesterday  that  Janin's  suc- 
cess probably  would  make  him  wealthy; 
also  that  an  order  for  200  hydroaeroplanes 
is  awaiting  any  manufacturer  who  can 
furnish  security  that  they  can  be  deliv- 
ered. He  said  the  order  was  from  one  of 
the  belligerents  in  Europe,  but  did  not 
know  which. 

"The  Curtiss  factory,"  he  said,  "can 
turn  out  about  ten  planes  a  week  at  a  cost 
of  about  $7,000  each.  But  no  matter  who 
turns  them  out  they  will  have  to  pay  a 
royalty  to  Mr.  Janin." 

(2) 

New  York  Evening  World 

Albert  S.  Janin,  cabinet  maker,  the 
other  night  took  off  his  apron  in  the  shop 
in  which  he  has  worked  eight  hours  a  day 
for  the  last  fourteen  years  at  Rosebank, 
Staten  Island,  walked  up  to  the  foreman 
and  resigned  his  job. 

He  didn't  quit  in  a  huff — a  fact  that 
was  plainly  attested  by  the  manner  in 
which  the  foreman  wrung  his  hand  and  his 
fellow  workmen  crowded  around  him,  their 
faces  beaming. 

"Congratulations,  Al,"  said  the  fore- 
man simply.  From  somewhere  in  the 
crowd  spoke  one  of  Janin's  intimates: 

"The 'Bug' has  made  good.  Whaddaya 
know  about  that?  " 


"Well,"  rejoined  Janin,  good-naturedly, 
"it  no  longer  will  be  Janin,  the  cabinet 
maker,  or  Janin,  the  Bug,  the  dreamer  and 
the  impostor.  I  guess  the  handle  to  my 
name  has  been  pretty  firmly  established 
as  'Janin,  inventor  of  the  hydro-aero- 
plane.'" 

And  that  night  the  modest  little  5-room 
Janin  flat  was  the  scene  of  a  celebration 
the  like  of  which  has  never  been  seen 
at  Rosebank.  Most  enthusiastic  of  the 
guests  were  men  who,  for  the  last  ten 
years,  have  scoffed  at  the  strange  look- 
ing winged  craft  in  the  Janin  back 
yard,  which,  the  poor  carpenter  persisted, 
would  some  day  be  recognized  by  the  pat- 
ent office  as  the  first  flying  boat. 

Rosebank  went  on  the  map  to  stay  at 
2  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  when  word  was 
received  from  Washington  that  the  board 
of  examiners-in-chief  of  the  patent  office 
had  decided  unanimously  that  the  man 
who  made  the  hydro-aeroplane  possible 
was  not  Glenn  H.  Curtiss,  but  Albert  S. 
Janin,  the  poor  cabinet  maker  of  Staten 
Island.  For  four  years  the  powerful  Curtiss 
interests  had  fought  the  claims  of  the  ob- 
scure and  almost  penniless  carpenter, 
through  the  patent  office  and  to  its  highest 
court — the  board  of  examiners-in-chief. 

He  would  not  have  won  out  probably 
had  not  Thomas  A.  Hill,  a  patent  lawyer 
of  New  York,  taken  the  case,  out  of  a  sense 
of  justice,  without  compensation.  As  a 
former  president  of  the  Aeronautical  So- 
ciety of  America,  and  at  present  a  director, 
Mr.  Hill  went  into  the  litigation  to  see  fair 
play. 

Just  how  it  feels  to  a  struggling  work- 
man, whose  $5  a  day  is  barely  enough  to 
provide  the  necessities  of  life  for  a  wife  and 
seven  children,  to  find  himself  suddenly 
famous  with  a  fortune  within  his  grasp, 
Janin  tried  to  explain. 

"We  put  it  over,  didn't  we,  mother?" 
Janin  beamed,  affectionately  patting  his 
wife.  "If  it  hadn't  been  that  she  stuck 
to  me — believed  in  me,  when  all  the  rest 
were  poking  fun  and  scoffing — I  never 
would  have  made  it." 

"And  if  it  hadn't  been,"  Mrs.  Janin 
interrupted,  "that  after  your  hard  day's 


100 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


work  for  almost  every  night  in  the  last 
ten  or  fifteen  years,  you  burned  the  oil 
at  your  work  bench  until  long  after  mid- 
night, you  never  would  have  made  it." 

"The  best  part  of  this  invention  is  that, 
unlike  a  whole  lot  of  others,  it's  going  to 
bring  us  money — gobs  of  it,"  Janin  broke 
in.  "For  years  we  have  felt  the  pinch  of 
poverty,  but  thanks  to  Mr.  Hill  and  his 
work  in  Washington,  I  guess  that  day  is 
past.  You  know  the  decision  of  the  patent 
office  gives  me  a  royalty  on  every  hydro- 
aeroplane tiurned  out  in  this  country  dat- 
ing from  the  day  a  few  weeks  hence  on 
which  my  patent  is  printed  and  issued  by 
the  government.  Mr.  Hill  tells  me  that  the 
royalty  can  be  fixed  arbitrarily  by  the  in- 
ventor. The  failure  of  any  of  these  com- 
panies building  hydro-aeroplanes  to  come 
to  terms,  of  course,  would  be  followed  by 
an  infringement  suit,  but  we  don't  expect 
any  such  difficulty. 

"What  will  I  do  with  the  money?  The 
first  thing  will  be  to  get  a  home  of  our  own 
with  plenty  of  ground  around  it  for  the 
kids  to  play  in.  No  more  of  these  flats  for 
us.  But  we  are  going  to  stay  right  here  in 
Rosebank,  where  my  wife  and  I  were  born 
and  brought  up.  You  know  we  were 
sweethearts,  even  at  old  public  school  No. 
13,  around  the  corner.  Most  of  the  kids  are 
now  going  to  that  same  school.  The  oldest 
girl,  Antoinette,  who  is  now  14,  can  realize 
her  ambition  to  go  to  normal  school  and 
take  up  teaching,  if  she  wants  to — but  she 
don't  have  to  now." 


AN  ADOPTED  CHILD 

Kansas  City  Star 

The  Patrick  Sullivans  had  a  bad  three 
hours  last  night. 

You  see,  it  was  only  a  month  ago  that 
theirs  was  a  childless  family.  Mary  had 
grown  up  and  was  teaching  and  there  were 
no  babies  around  the  house.  Then  they 
found  a  1 -month-old  baby  boy,  abandoned 
in  St.  Aloysius's  Church,  and  adopted  him. 
The  cheery  household  it  has  been  since 
then! 

But  yesterday  a  young  woman  arrived 


at  the  Sullivan  home,  961  Walnut  Street, 
and  said  that  she  was  the  baby's  mother, 
and  that  the  baby's  father  had  only  aban- 
doned him  temporarily  because  they  were 
then  in  desperate  straits,  but  that  every- 
thing had  come  out  all  right  financially 
and  now  wouldn't  the  Sullivans  give  her 
back  her  boy? 

The  Sullivans  wouldn't.  Not  last  night. 

That's  when  their  bad  three  hours  be- 
gan. If  their  hearts  were  wrung  so  at 
abandoning  a  baby  not  their  own,  what 
must  be  the  mother's  feehngs?  That  won 
the  day. 

Papa  Sullivan  went  to  Judge  Hinton 
this  morning.  He;  had  been  to  him  last 
week  to  adopt  the  baby  legally.  Now  he 
wanted  to  know  if  that  legal  process  would 
stand  in  the  way  of  his  returning  the  baby 
to  its  mother.  Judge  Hinton  said  it  wotdd 
not  prevent  such  action,  and  he  believed 
that  it  would  be  best  to  give  the  child  to 
its  mother.  But  he  didn't  look  at  Papa 
Sullivan  when  he  said  it.  Men  don't  like 
to  see  each  other  wet-eyed. 

"She'll  come  back,"  said  Papa  Sullivan, 
"and  she  can  get  him." 

Judge  Hinton  this  afternoon  made  an 
order  at  the  request  of  Mr.  Sullivan  de- 
claring the  adoption  of  the  baby  by  the 
Sullivans  void.  The  request  was  made  on 
the  groimd  that  the  mother  had  appeared 
and  had  shoT\Ti  herself  capable  of  properly 
caring  for  the  child.  The  mother  did  not 
appear  in  court.  No  further  action  will  be 
necessary.  The  mother  need  only  go  to  the 
SulUvan  home  and  get  her  baby. 


Note  —  The  provision  in  the  will  given  in 
the  New  York  court  story  making  bequests  to 
Chicago  nurses,  formed  the  basis  of  the  local 
story  in  the  Chicago  paper;  both  stories  follow. 

WILL  ADMITTED  TO  PROBATE 

(1) 
New  York  Sun 

The  wiU  of  Walter  H.  Hammond,  the 
wealthy  butterine  manufacturer,  who  was 
shot  dead  in  the  Pennsylvania  station  in 
Jersey  City  ten  days  ago  by  Peter  Grew, 


CRIMINAL  AND   CIVIL  CD^lU^rS 


who  had  a  fancied  grievance  against  him, 
was  admitted  to  probate  in  Jersey  City 
yesterday.  After  making  a  number  of 
specific  bequests,  including  amounts  of 
$500,  $250  and  $100  to  thirty-seven  old 
employees,  the  residue  of  the  estate  goes 
to  the  next  of  kin,  share  and  share  alike. 
Col.  Robert  A.  Hammond  is  one  of  the 
brothers. 

Col.  Willard  C.  Ward,  who  drew  the  will 
on  October  1  last  and  filed  it  yesterday,  said 
that  he  didn't  care  to  discuss  the  value 
of  the  estate,  as  he  believed  that  the  be- 
quests indicated  about  what  the  value  is. 
He  wouldn't  give  an  opinion  as  to  the 
value  of  the  butterine  business  or  how 
much  of  the  estate  will  be  left  for  the  four 
brothers,  two  sisters,  two  nieces  and  a 
nephew  after  the  bequests  have  been  set- 
tled. The  estate  is  believed  to  be  worth 
at  least  $800,000,  and  probably  $1,000,000, 
as  Mr.  Hammond  is  said  to  have  owned 
much  property  in  addition  to  his  butterine 
business. 

Mr.  Hammond  leaves  his  entire  holdings 
in  the  firm  of  Hammond  &  Person,  of  which 
he  was  practically  the  only  stockholder,  to 
three  legatees.  They  are  Miss  Ahce  C.  Ha- 
gan,  daughter  of  a  Jersey  City  policeman, 
who  had  been  his  private  secretary  for  many 
years  and  was  said  to  have  been  engaged 
to  him;  Dr.  Oscar  Bauer,  his  physician 
and  one  of  the  executors  of  the  estate, 
and  Henry  C.  Berger,  superintendent  of  his 
butterine  plant. 

One  of  the  first  bequests  provides  for  the 
payment  of  $25,000  to  Anna  Louise  Cooley 
of  New  York  city  as  soon  as  possible.  Of 
this  amount  $500  is  to  be  paid  at  once  and 
the  balance  at  the  rate  of  $100  a  month. 
Sarah  B.  Johnson  and  Mabel  E.  Wilkins 
of  Jersey  City,  employees  of  the  firm  of 
Hammond  &  Person  for  many  years,  re- 
ceive $1,500  each.  Nellie  P.  Hamilton, 
a  stenographer  in  the  office  of  Col.  Ward, 
who  assisted  in  drawing  the  will,  gets  $250. 
Gertrude  M.  Burns,  a  daughter  of  Henry 
Burns  of  314  Devine  avenue,  Jersey  City, 
where  Mr.  Hammond  lived  for  seventeen 
years,  receives  $500.  John  J.  Jones,  man- 
ager of  Mr.  Hammond's  butterine  com- 
pany, gets  the  shares  in  the  American 


Butter,  QhGese-  aad  T^g^c'  P^^r^P^^y  that 
were  owned  by  Mr.  Hammond.  Concern- 
ing one  of  the  bequests  the  will  says : 

During  several  days'  illness  in  Chicago  I 
was  a  patient  in  the  Presbyterian  Hospital, 
where  I  was  faithfully  nursed  by  the  trained 
nurses.  I  desired  to  recognize  the  care  I  re- 
ceived at  their  hands.  I  therefore  give  and 
bequeath  to  the  following  members  of  the 
Illinois  Training  School  for  Nurses:  Nellie  G. 
Burke,  S500;  Minnie  C.  Philhps,  $500;  Jennie 
Van  Horn,  $1,500. 

This  illness  occurred  about  six  years 
ago,  when  Mr.  Hammond  had  typhoid 
fever.  His  physician,  Dr.  Bauer,  was  with 
him  at  the  time,  and  was  also  ill. 

In  making  the  bequests  of  from  $500 
to  $100  to  thirty-seven  employees,  who 
include  men  and  women  working  both  in 
the  office  and  in  the  butterine  plant,  and 
truck  drivers  as  well,  the  will  says  that 
they  are  remembered  for  their  faithful 
services  to  the  corporation  of  Hammond 
&  Person. 

The  will  allows  the  executors  five  years 
in  which  to  make  payment  of  all  the  lega- 
cies, and  the  remainder  of  the  property, 
real,  personal  and  mixed,  is  bequeathed 
"to  the  next  of  kin  and  their  survivors." 
The  relatives  named  are  Robert  A.  Ham- 
mond of  New  York,  and  Samuel  A.,  Fred- 
erick D.  and  Franklin  A.  Hammond  of 
Pittsburg,  brothers;  Josephine  Block  of 
Greensburg,  Pa.,  and  Anna  Emma  Dell  of 
Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  sisters;  Paul  Martin, 
nephew,  and  Gladys  Brown  and  Madeline 
Martin,  nieces,  all  of  Pittsburg  and  chil- 
dren of  Mr.  Hammond's  deceased  sister, 
Sadie  Martin. 

The  total  cash  bequests  amount  to 
$41,710,  of  which  $10,460  goes  to  the 
thirty-seven  employees  named  together. 

Col.  Robert  A.  Hammond,  who  was  in 
Jersey  City  most  of  the  afternoon  yester- 
day, said  when  he  returned  to  his  office 
at  16  Broadway  that  he  was  acquainted 
with  the  provisions  of  the  will  and  had  been 
at  Col.  Ward's  office  during  the  afternoon. 
He  said  he  was  to  see  the  will  at  9  o'clock 
this  morning,  and  was  not  aware  that  it  had 
been  admitted  to  probate. 

"No  one  has  any  cause  for  complaint 


102 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


over  the.  willj.'''.  s^aid'CoL.Han^'mond.  "It 
was  just  what  might  have  been  expected 
from  the  fairest,  smartest  boy  that  ever 
walked  the  face  of  God's  green  earth.  No 
more  generous  chap  ever  lived  than  that 
boy,  and  if  he  had  not  remembered  his 
employees  as  he  has  done  it  would  have 
been  most  unlike  him.  His  relatives  do  not 
begrudge  the  money  he  has  left  to  those 
he  chose  to  reward. 

"There  has  never  been  the  slightest 
break  in  the  cordial  relationship  between 
Walter  and  myself  or  between  him  and  any 
other  member  of  the  family.  All  this  talk 
that  has  come  up  since  my  brother's  death 
is  pure  foolishness.  I  am  the  oldest  and  the 
head  of  the  family,  and  the  relationship 
between  Walter  and  me  has  been  almost 
that  of  father  and  son.  I  gave  him  his  first 
start  in  life  when  he  was  a  boy.  I  have 
never  asked  anything  from  him  or  from 
any  one  else  in  my  life  and  I  do  not  ask  it 
now. 

"Walter  was  the  pleasantest,  sunniest 
boy  you  ever  knew.  He  did  not  sit  at  the 
right  hand  of  Mr.  Parkhurst,  but  nothing 
ever  came  up  to  smirch  his  record  during 
his  lifetime,  and  nothing  wiU  come  up  now 
that  he  is  dead. 

"We  are  all  sorry  that  our  best  brother 
was  killed  and  our  thoughts  are  not  on  the 
provisions  of  his  will,  but  on  seeing  that  the 
man  who  shot  him  down  without  giving 
him  a  chance  for  his  life  is  made  to  suffer 
the  full  penalty  of  his  act.  My  entire  time 
from  now  on  will  be  devoted  to  that  pur- 
pose. There  isn't  the  slightest  doubt  that  I 
will  get  my  brother's  murderer.  I  haven't 
been  wasting  any  time  since  Walter's 
death. 

"I  know  that  the  man  who  murdered 
my  brother  has  been  sleeping  well  every 
night  and  eating  three  square  meals  a 
day.  I  don't  propose  to  permit  him  to 
escape  with  an  insanity  plea.  I  have  been 
going  over  the  testimony  of  seventeen  wit- 
nesses with  the  prosecutor  and  helping 
to  get  it  into  shape.  My  experience  in  that 
line  makes  me  of  some  assistance,  and  I  in- 
tend to  see  the  prosecutor  every  day  if 
necessary,  in  order  that  full  justice  may  be 
done  to  my  brother's  murder." 


(2) 
Chicago  Evening  Post 

Three  Chicago  nxu"ses  came  into  their 
reward  to-day  for  faithful  services  and 
devotion  six  years  ago  to  Walter  H.  Ham- 
mond, a  wealthy  butterine  manufacturer 
of  Jersey  City,  who  was  shot  dead  on  Nov. 
17  in  that  city  by  Peter  Grew,  who  had  a 
fancied  grievance  against  him. 

Under  the  terms  of  his  will,  which  was 
filed  yesterday  in  Jersey  City,  $500  is  be- 
queathed to  Miss  Nellie  G.  Burke,  981 
Carroll  avenue,  a  like  sum  to  Miss  Minnie 
C.  Phillips,  14  Green  Tree  street,  and 
$1,500  to  Miss  Jennie  Van  Horn  of  Chicago, 
who  is  now  with  a  patient  in  Japan. 

While  in  the  city  on  a  business  trip  six 
years  ago,  Mr.  Hammond  was  taken  ill 
with  typhoid  fever  at  the  Annex.  His  phy- 
sicians. Dr.  J.  B.  Herrick  and  Dr.  Frank 
Billings,  had  difficulty  in  finding  nurses 
who  suited  the  patient.  At  length  Miss 
Burke  was  sent  for  and  placed  in  charge  of 
the  case,  and  she  selected  for  her  assistants 
Miss  Phillips  and  Miss  Van  Horn. 

"I  remember  Mr.  Hammond  very  well 
and  the  circumstances  attending  his  ill- 
ness," said  Miss  Burke  to-day.  "He  was 
seriously  ill  and  for  a  long  time  it  was  a 
question  as  to  his  recovery.  We  made 
every  effort  to  save  him  and  felt  a  keen 
personal  delight  when  we  knew  we  had 
won.  He  had  always,  up  to  the  time  of  his 
death,  remembered  all  of  us,  sending  us 
presents  and  flowers  at  the  holidays  and  in 
many  ways  showing  his  deep  gratitude. 

"We  were  notified  by  his  secretary  im- 
mediately after  his  death,  but  until  to-day 
we  had  no  idea  that  he  had  remembered  us 
in  his  will.  I  had  charge  of  his  case  two 
months  and  then  had  to  take  another  pa- 
tient. Miss  Van  Horn  was  with  him  five 
months  during  his  convalescence." 

In  the  little  apartment  at  14  Green 
Tree  street  there  was  a  sound  of  laughing 
and  dancing  feet.  Answering  the  ring  of  a 
visitor  Miss  PhilUps  opened  the  door  with 
such  a  smiling  countenance  as  to  obUter- 
ate  any  memory  of  downcast  skies. 

"I  have  just  heard  of  Mr.  Hammond's 
great  kindness,"  she  said.   "Just  think  of 


CRIMINAL  AND  CIVIL  COURTS 


103 


$500;  why  it's  a  nest  egg  for  a  fortune! 
He  has  always  done  so  many  nice  things 
for  us  girls  ever  since  we  cared  for  him, 
but  to  think  of  his  remembering  us  in  his 
wUl!  I  was  with  him  several  months  and 
we  grew  to  be  great  friends  after  the  crisis 
of  his  Ulness  was  past. 

"He  often  came  to  Chicago,  and  fre- 
quently would  call  us  up  on  arriving  and 
arrange  for  us  all  to  go  to  the  theater,  or 
to  dinner.  He  was  by  far  the  most  grate- 
ful patient  any  of  us  has  ever  had." 


SUIT  TO  BREAK  WILL 

New  York  Herald 

An  effort  to  obtain  approximately  one- 
half  of  the  bequest  of  about  $2,000,000,  left 
to  Mrs.  Carrie  Chapman  Catt  for  the  pro- 
motion of  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage,  by 
the  late  Baroness  de  Bazus,  who  was  Mrs. 
Frank  Leslie,  was  begun  in  the  Supreme 
Court  yesterday  by  two  step-grandchildren 
of  the  Baroness.  They  ask  $400,000  each 
and  allege  that  $200,000  is  due  to  each  of 
two  other  step-grandchUdren. 

The  plaintiffs  in  the  two  actions,  which 
are  brought  through  James  H.  Westcott, 
of  No.  40  Wall  street,  are  Mrs.  Lonetta 
Leslie  Hollander  and  Mrs.  Florence  Les- 
lie Weissbrod.  Both  are  grandchildren  of 
Frank  LesUe  by  his  first  wife,  Mrs.  Sarah 
Ann  Welham  Leslie.  They  allege  that  by 
an  agreement  made  between  the  Baroness 
and  Frank  Leslie  December  1,  1879,  she 
promised,  in  return  for  receiving  his  en- 
tire estate,  to  distribute  by  her  will  two- 
thirds  of  it  among  the  children  of  his  first 
wife  or  their  heirs.  This  agreement,  they 
allege,  she  entirely  disregarded  in  the 
document  which  left  the  large  residuary 
estate  to  Mrs.  Catt. 

William  Nelson  Cromwell  and  Louis  H. 
Cramer,  executors  of  the  estate  of  the 
Baroness,  are  the  defendants  in  both  ac- 
tions. 

Frank  Leslie  was  born  in  1821  and  in 
1854  established  the  .publishing  business 
which  at  one  time  issued  thirteen  period- 
icals. In  1841  he  married  Miss  Sarah  Ann 
Welham.     There  were   three  children  by 


the  marriage,  Frank  Leslie,  2d;  Alfred  A. 
Leslie  and  Scipio  L.  Leslie.  Mrs.  Hollander 
is  the  only  chUd  of  Scipio  L.  Leslie,  who 
was  married  in  June,  1875,  and  died  in 
February,  1879.  Mrs.  Weissbrod  is  the 
only  chUd  of  the  late  Frank  Leslie,  2d,  who 
was  married  January  5,  1874.  Alfred  A. 
Leslie,  who  was  married  in  August,  1868, 
and  died  in  August,  1905,  had  two  children, 
Frank  Leslie,  3d,  and  Arthur  Leslie. 

Following  the  death  of  his  first  wife, 
Frank  Leslie  married  the  Baroness  May  1, 
1875.  She  was  then  Mrs.  Miriam  Florence 
Peacock  Squires.  Her  first  husband  was 
David  Peacock,  her  second  Ephraim  G. 
Squires.  There  were  no  children  by  any  of 
her  marriages.  Before  her  marriage  the 
Baroness  had  been  employed  in  the  pub- 
lishing business  of  Frank  Leslie.  She  was 
born  in  1828  and  entered  his  employ  in 
1860.  Her  maiden  name  was  Miriam  Flor- 
ence FoUin. 

Frank  Leslie  became  financially  in- 
volved about  September  8,  1877,  accord- 
ing to  the  two  complaints  now  on  file.  It 
is  alleged  that  he  assigned  the  greater  part 
of  his  property  March  20,  1879,  to  Isaac 
W.  England  for  the  benefit  of  his  creditors 
xmder  an  agreement  whereby  he  was  to 
receive  the  property  back  again  in  three 
years  if  the  business  had  succeeded  in 
clearing  all  indebtedness.  It  is  said  that  the 
business  did  not  clear  the  debts  but  that 
Mr.  Leslie  died  before  the  property  could 
be  returned. 

Mr.  Leslie  also  agreed  with  his  wife,  it 
is  said,  to  leave  his  entire  estate  to  her  on 
the  condition  that  she  would  use  the  in- 
come and  dispose  of  the  principal  in  her 
will  as  follows: — One-third  in  any  way 
she  desired;  one-third  of  the  remaining 
two-thirds  to  each  of  the  three  children  of 
Frank  Leslie  by  his  first  wife  or  to  their 
issue. 

The  complaints  allege  that  the  Baroness 
received  everything  which  she  possessed 
from  Frank  Leslie,  who  died  leaving  about 
$1,000,000.  This  was  increased  by  her  to 
at  least  $1,800,000,  it  is  said.  The  plaintiffs 
do  not  ask  that  the  agreement,  which  is 
not  produced  in  connection  with  the  com- 
plaint,  be  fulfilled.    They  seek   instead 


104 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


1,000  each  as  damages  and  allege  that 
$200,000  is  due  also  to  Frank  Leslie,  3d 
and  Arthur  Leslie. 


WILL 


Springfield  Republican 

The  bequest  of  a  bit  of  the  wool  of 
Mary's  lamb  to  the  Somerville  historical 
society  in  the  will  of  Mrs  P.  H.  Derby, 
which  was  entered  in  the  probate  court 
in  this  city  yesterdaj',  brings  to  light  the  in- 
teresting information  that  the  nursery  jin- 
gle, "Mary  had  a  little  lamb,  its  fleece  was 
white  as  snow,"  had  a  basis  in  fact.  The 
piece  of  wool  in  question  was  given  to  Mrs 
Derby  in  1880  by  Mrs  Mary  E.  Tyler,  the 
original  of  the  little  lamb  jingle.  It  is  a 
piece  of  yarn  tied  in  a  bow  and  fastened 
on  a  piece  of  paper  with  pale  blue  ribbon. 
Under  it  is  written  the  words,  "  wool  from 
Mary's  lamb."  It  seems  that  when  the 
Old  South  church  of  Boston  became  in- 
volved financially  one  of  the  ways  hit  upon 
to  raise  money  was  suggested  by  Mrs 
Tyler.  She  took  a  pair  of  old  wool  stock- 
ings that  her  mother  had  knit  for  her  from 
the  wool  of  her  pet  lamb,  and  that  she  had 
never  worn,  but  kept  in  memory  of  the 
departed  lamb.  These  were  cut  up  into 
lengths  and  made  into  bows,  like  the  one 
that  was  in  the  possession  of  Mrs  Derby, 
and  sold  for  25  cents  each.  The  result  was 
that  $200  was  realized,  and  thus  the  little 
lamb  helped  to  save  the  Old  South  church. 

The  story  of  Mary  and  her  lamb  is  au- 
thenticated and  the  incidents  bear  a  close 
relation  to  the  events  of  the  poem,  or 
rather,  jingle.  Mary  E.  Sawj^er  was  born 
in  Sterling,  March  22,  1806,  and  the  house 
in  which  she  was  born  is  stiU  standing. 
She  had  two  sisters  and  four  brothers,  none 
of  whom  ever  had  themselves  immortahzed 
in  rhj-me  as  Mary  did.  Mary's  father  was 
a  farmer  and  kept  sheep.  One  cold  morn- 
ing in  March,  1814,  just  about  100  years 
ago  and  one  year  over, -twin  lambs  were 
born  in  the  Sawyer  sheepfold  one  of  which 
was  to  be  known  in  nursery  rhyme  for  time 
immemorial.  Like  all  geniuses,  she — for 
it  was  a  girl — displayed  the  vagaries  of  it 


before  she  was  many  hours  old.  So  much 
so  in  fact  that  her  mother  would  have  noth- 
ing of  her.  Little  Mary,  age  eight,  took 
pity  on  the  young  thing  and  asked  her 
father  if  she  might  have  it,  not  thinking  of 
the  greatness  that  would  come  of  this 
charitable  deed.  She  fed  and  tended  it, 
and  the  two  became  very  fond  of  one  an- 
other. 

It  was  but  natural  that  the  lamb  should 
in  time  come  to  have  a  thirst  for  knowl- 
edge, and,  as  the  first  stanza  of  the  jin- 
gle has  it,  "It  followed  her  to  school  one 
day,"  "\Miich,"  we  are  told,  "was  against 
the  rule,"  and,  as  might  be  expected,  "it 
made  the  children  laugh  and  play,  to  see 
a  lamb  at  school."  It  seems  that  the  teacher 
laughed  too,  and  everything  was  lovely  for 
a  time.  But  discipline  had  to  be  main- 
tained, and :  — 

So  then  the  teacher  turned  it  out. 

But  still  it  lingered  near, 
And  waited  patiently  about 

Till  Mary  did  appear. 

All  of  which  is  strictly  true  to  fact.  It 
appears  that  when  Mary  arrived  at  the 
school  the  teacher  had  not  come  yet  and 
so  the  mischievous  Mary  hid  the  pet  in 
her  desk,  which  was  a  box-like  affair. 
When  school  began  and  the  children  were 
called  out  for  their  classes,  the  lamb  trotted 
out  to  have  a  hand  in  the  proceedings. 
And  this,  alas,  caused  it  to  be  put  without 
the  pale. 

Now  it  happened,  so  strange  are  the 
immutable  workings  of  fate,  that  a  young 
man  of  17,  a  freshman  at  Harvard,  by  the 
name  of  John  Roulstone,  Jr.,  was  visiting 
the  teacher  at  the  school  that  day.  The 
incident  inspired  him,  and  a  short  time 
after  he  wrote  and  sent  to  Mary  the  jingle 
that  is  so  well  known.  The  ideal  way  to 
have  the  tiling  work  out  would  have  been 
the  marriage  of  Mary  and  the  budding 
genius.  But  no,  he  died  a  few  years  later, 
never  having  seen  Mary  again,  so  far  as 
there  is  any  record. 

The  strain  of  being  a  celebrity  was  too 
much  for  the  lamb  and  after  bearing  up 
bravely  imder  it  for  two  years  it  gave  up 
the  struggle,  got  in  the  way  of  a  bull  on 
Thanksgiving  day,  1816,  and  was  gored. 


CRIMINAL  AND    CIVIL  COURTS 


105 


It  died  an  hour  later,  with  its  head  on 
Mary's  lap. 

In  1835  Mary  was  married  to  Columbus 
Tyler,  superintendent  of  the  McClean 
hospital  for  the  insane  at  Somerville. 
She  became  a  matron  at  the  institution, 
a  position  she  held  for  35  years,  and  several 
years  after  her  husband  died.  She  died  in 
Somerville,  December  12,  1889,  and  was 
buried  in  the  Mt  Auburn  cemetery,  near 
Boston,  the  same  cemetery  in  which  the 
poet,  Longfellow,  is  buried.  The  glowing 
example  of  what  happened  to  Mary  ought 
to  inspire  little  children  to  be  kind  to  dumb 
beasts  that  they  too  may  some  time  taste 
the  fruits  of  immortality. 

Besides  the  lamb's  wool  bequest,  Mrs 
Derby  left  the  following  legacies  to  various 
charitable  institutions:  Springfield  branch 
of  the  woman's  board  of  missions,  $300; 
Norton  memorial  fund  of  the  same  organiza- 
tion, $200;  Congregational  women's  home 
mission  society  of  Massachusetts,  $300; 
trustees  of  the  national  council  of  the  Con- 
gregational churches  of  the  United  States, 
$3000,  to  be  applied  to  ministerial  relief; 
Massachusetts  society  for  the  prevention 
of  cruelty  to  animals,  $200.  Certain  books 
from  Mrs  Derby's  library  are  bequeathed 
to  the  Springfield  city  library  association 
and  the  remainder  of  the  estate  is  to  be 
divided  equally  between  her  two  nephews, 
Dr  Edward  C.  Booth  of  Somerville  and 
Harry  D.  Booth  of  Albany,  111.  Charles  A. 
Gleason  is  named  as  executor  without  bond. 


Note  —  How  the  same  piece  of  news  may  be 
treated  in  different  ways  is  illustrated  in  the  fol- 
lowing two  stories. 

VALUE  OF  AN  ESTATE 

(1) 

Chicago  Tribune 

Doubtless  Michael  Kennedy's  schooling 
never  progressed  to  the  point  where  he 
reaped  the  manifold  intellectual  bounties 
of  McGuffy's  second  reader.  That  ven- 
erable text  book  explains  school  ma'ams. 
Their  purpose  is  to  teach  the  young  idea 
to  shoot,  it  says. 


Consequently  there  were  those  who  be- 
lieved Michael  misguided  when  he  opened 
up  his  shooting  gallery  in  a  basement  on 
North  Clark  street  near  West  Erie  street. 
There  Mike — for  the  consideration  of  5 
cents  for  five  shots — taught  the  young 
idea  marksmanship  after  a  fashion  of  his 
own. 

"Mike,  the  ne'er-do-well,"  they  called 
him  for  years.  But  a  smile  was  Mike's  only 
answer.  He  went  right  on  loading  rifles 
for  whoever  came  and  painting  out  the 
bullet  marks  on  the  white  targets  in  the 
gallery. 

On  May  23, 1913,  Mike  died.  Public  Ad- 
ministrator James  F.  Bishop  took  charge 
of  the  estate,  hoping  he  would  get  enough 
out  of  it  to  bury  the  target  tender.  Mr. 
Bishop  was  surprised  when  he  found  that 
Mike,  the  "ne'er-do-well,"  had  a  snug  bank 
account — some  $400. 

Another  surprise  came  yesterday  when 
Administrator  Bishop  announced  the  re- 
sult of  his  seventeen  months'  investigation 
into  Mike's  affairs.  It  was  learned  that  the 
"ne'er-do-well"  left  a  nephew  in  Black- 
burne,  Lancashire,  England,  named  as 
his  sole  heir.  In  a  safety  deposit  vault 
Mike  had  $42,000  worth  of  bonds— the 
products  of  teaching  the  yoimg  idea  to 
shoot. 

(2) 
Chicago  Herald 

"Mike"  was  a  shiftless  guy.  Any  of  the 
bunch  would  tell  you  that.  Of  course  he 
always  had  money.  But  then,  too,  he  was 
always  giving  it  away.  He  'd  lend  you  any- 
thing he  had  if  he  knew  you,  and  many's 
the  "bo"  who  got  the  price  of  a  bed  from 
him. 

Mike  at  one  time  was  known  as  Mi- 
chael Kennedy,  but  that  was  not  during 
the  time  he  kept  the  shooting  gallery  in 
North  Clark  street.  He  was  a  rough  fellow, 
and  not  very  affable  with  strangers.  But 
he'd  go  a  long  way  for  a  pal. 

He  had  his  place  of  business  in  a  base- 
ment room.  He  slept  there,  and  enter- 
tained his  friends  there  when  not  busy 
loading  rifles  for  his  patrons.  And  every- 


io6 


TYPES  OF  NEWS  WRITING 


body  said  that  he  could  have  a  good  home 
if  he  were  not  so  shiftless. 

Well,  "Mike"  died  a  year  ago  last 
May,  and  it  was  found  he  had  $400  in  the 
bank.  The  county  buried  him  and  charged 
$106.75  to  his  estate.  The  fellows  he  had 
befriended  went  to  the  funeral  and  said 
"We  told  you  so."  But  they  agreed  that 
Mike  was  a  good  fellow. 

Public  Administrator  James  F.  Bishop 
was  appointed  to  take  care  of  the  shoot- 


ing gallery  owner's  estate.  He  started  an 
investigation. 

He  discovered  that  Kennedy  had  a 
nephew  in  Blackbm-ne,  Lancashire,  Eng- 
land, and  that  the  shiftless,  open-hearted, 
free-handed  "ne'er-do-well"  had  just  a 
httle  over  $42,000  worth  of  gilt-edged 
stocks  and  bonds  in  a  safety  deposit  vault 
in  the  Masonic  Temple. 

The  amount  was  turned  over  to  the 
nephew,  James  Kennedy,  yesterday. 


CHAPTER  VI 

INVESTIGATIONS,    LEGISLATION,   AND  MEETINGS 

Type  of  story.  News  stories  of  various  kinds  of  meetings  constitute  a 
distinct  class.  In  the  term  "meeting"  are  included  sessions  of  state  legis- 
latures, meetings  of  municipal  councils,  conventions  of  various  organiza- 
tions, and  meetings  of  local  societies.  Investigations  and  hearings  as  con- 
ducted by  committees  of  legislative  bodies  are  also  placed  in  this  class, 
although  they  are  often  more  Hke  judicial  proceedings. 

The  purely  informative  type  of  story  is  the  common  form  for  reporting 
meetings,  investigations,  and  hearings.  The  parts  of  the  proceedings  that 
are  of  general  interest  and  significance  make  up  the  contents  of  such  stories 
(cf.  "State  Legislature,"  p.  116,  and  "Meeting  of  Safety  Council,"  p,  120), 
In  meetings  of  some  importance  are  to  be  found  humorous  or  pathetic 
phases  that  may  be  brought  out  legitimately  to  heighten  the  interest  and 
to  emphasize  the  significance  of  the  proceedings  (cf,  "Hearing  on  Proposed 
Ordinance,"  p,  113,  and  "Testimony  in  Investigation,"  p,  110),  Some  meet- 
ings lend  themselves  to  humorous  treatment,  and  when  the  news  interest  in 
them  is  shght,  such  stories  about  them  constitute  typical  human  interest 
stories  (cf,  "Old  Clothes  Men's  Meeting,"  p,  122). 

Purpose.  To  give  the  facts  accurately  and  as  completely  as  their  signifi- 
cance warrants  should  be  the  first  aim  in  reporting  proceedings  of  official 
bodies,  because,  like  court  proceedings,  they  are  matters  of  pubhc  concern. 
The  desire  to  accomplish  some  end,  no  matter  how  laudable  that  end  may 
be,  does  not  justify  distortion  or  suppresion  of  the  news  of  the  doings  of 
official  bodies,  A  constructive  purpose,  such  as  that  of  exposing  sinister 
influences  that  may  be  affecting  legislative  action,  is  entirely  justifiable,  but 
distortion  or  suppression  of  facts  in  order  to  make  out  a  stronger  case  is  not 
legitimate  and  should  not  be  necessary.  Politically  partisan  news  stories 
that  misrepresent  public  matters  in  order  to  create  opinion  favorable  to  the 
cause  that  the  paper  upholds,  whether  they  be  reports  of  official  proceedings 
or  of  political  campaign  meetings,  not  only  hurt  the  reputation  of  the  news- 
paper that  pubhshes  them  but  tend  to  cast  doubt  on  the  truthfulness  of 
newspapers  generally. 

Much  more  effort  should  be  made  by  newspapers  in  this  country  to  show 


io8 


TYPES   OF  NEWS   WRITING 


the  significance  of  acts  of  representative  public  bodies,  in  relation  not  only 
to  the  home  and  business  interests  of  the  individual  reader,  but  to  the  welfare 
of  the  community,  the  state,  and  the  nation.  Intelligent  interest  in  govern- 
ment on  the  part  of  the  individual  citizen,  which  is  generally  recognized  as 
absolutely  essential  to  the  success  of  a  democracy,  can  be  more  effectively 
created  through  the  news  columns  of  the  daily  newspaper  than  by  any  other 
means. 

Treatment.  To  make  interesting  w^hat  is  often  considered  dry  and  unat- 
tractive in  proceedings  of  various  public  meetings,  is  the  chief  problem  in 
writing  news  stories  concerning  them.  Simple,  clear  explanation  of  the 
meaning  of  significant  parts  of  the  proceedings,  lively  accounts  of  debate 
on  various  measures,  and  vivid  description  of  persons  and  scenes  connected 
with  them  —  all  add  to  the  interest  of  the  stories.  Too  often,  however, 
insignificant  incidents  of  casual  interest  are  played  up  as  features  of  meet- 
ings of  importance  to  the  subordination  or  even  to  the  exclusion  of  matters 
of  vital  concern. 

Testimony  in  investigations  and  hearings  sometimes  has  dramatic  phases 
like  that  in  court  trials.  The  questions  and  the  answers  in  these  proceed- 
ings are  handled  Hke  those  in  court  stories,  and  testimony  is  dealt  with  in 
much  the  same  manner  (cf.  "Congressional  Investigation,"  p.  109  and  "Tes- 
timony in  Investigation,"  p.  110). 

To  select  the  vital  matters,  to  present  them  concisely,  and  to  condense 
routine  but  necessary  details  into  the  smallest  possible  compass  in  stories  of 
this  class,  require  effort  and  skill. 


Note  —  The  following  two  stories  give  the 
results  of  the  first  two  days'  work  in  the  investi- 
gation of  conditions  growing  out  of  a  coal  strike. 
Both  were  sent  by  the  Associated  Press. 

CONGRESSIONAL  INVESTIGATION 

(1) 

Chicago  Inter  Ocean 

CHARLESTON,  W.  Va.,  June  10— The 
power  and  authority  of  the  government  of 
the  United  States  came  to  West  Virginia 
today  to  determine  who  is  responsible  for 
the  conditions  which  have  kept  the  state 
in  virtual  civil  war  for  more  than  a  year. 

Opening  the  investigation  of  the  coal 
mine  strike,  which  has  dealt  death  and  de- 


struction in  the  Paint  Creek  and  Cabin 
Creek  mining  sections,  the  Senate  mine 
strike  investigating  committee  tonight 
called  upon  the  military  authorities  for  the 
records  of  the  proceedings  prior  to,  and 
under  the  declaration  of,  martial  law  in 
the  strike  territory. 

Judge  Advocate  General  George  S.  Wal- 
lace, Adjutant  General  Charles  D.  Elliott, 
Major  James  I.  Pratt,  Captain  Charles  R. 
Morgan  and  Captain  Samuel  L.  Walker 
were  summoned  before  the  committee  this 
evening,  to  produce  the  state  records  re- 
garding the  declaration  of  martial  law  and 
the  proceedings  of  the  militarj'  committee 
which  was  placed  in  authority  in  the  strike 
district. 


INVESTIGATIONS,   LEGISLATION,   AND   MEETINGS        109 


Senator  Borah  of  Idaho  desired  their 
testimony  and  their  records  as  a  basis  for 
the  branch  of  the  inquiry  which  he  is  con- 
ducting, as  to  the  charge  that  citizens  have 
been  "arrested,  tried  and  convicted  in 
violation  of  the  Constitution  or  the  law  of 
the  United  States." 

Opening  his  case  under  the  section  of 
the  Senate  resolution  authorizing  the  in- 
vestigation which  directs  an  inquiry  into 
this  subject,  Senator  Borah,  at  a  brief  ses- 
sion of  the  committee  this  afternoon,  read 
into  the  record  several  excerpts  from  the 
constitution  of  West  Virginia.  The  first 
was  the  provision  declaring  that  the  con- 
stitution of  the  state  and  of  the  United 
States  shall  always  be  in  effect.  The  second 
provision  declared,  under  no  circumstances 
shall  the  right  of  habeas  corpus  be  denied. 

The  third  was  the  usual  provision  that 
no  citizen  shall  be  deprived  of  life,  liberty 
or  property  without  due  process  of  law. 
The  fourth  set  forth  that  the  military  au- 
thority shall  not  supersede  the  civil  powers, 
even  under  the  plea  of  necessity,  and  others 
provided  for  trial  by  jury  in  open  court 
for  all  criminal  offenses. 

The  activities  of  the  state  authorities  in 
connection  with  the  strike  will  be  probed 
by  the  committee,  in  view  of  these  con- 
stitutional guarantees,  and  the  charge  that 
the  mine  workers  have  not  been  accorded 
their  full  rights  will  be  investigated  with 
these  provisions  in  mind. 

A  formidable  array  of  coimsel  was  on 
hand.  For  the  miners  there  appeared 
Frank  S.  Monnet,  formerly  attorney  gen- 
eral of  Ohio,  Seymour  Stedman  of  Illinois, 
and  M.  M.  Belcher  and  H.  W.  Houston. 
The  operators  were  represented  by  Z.  T. 
Vinson,  E.  W.  Knight  and  C.  C.  Watts,  with 
a  half  score  of  assistants. 

Two  lengthy  preliminary  statements 
were  filed  with  the  committee  by  the  at- 
torneys for  the  operators.  The  first  was 
filed  by  Mr.  Vinson  for  the  operators  gen- 
erally, and  the  second  by  Mr.  Watts  for 
the  Paint  Creek  Collieries  company.  Both 
were  pleas  of  "not  guilty"  and  both  denied 
in  detail  and  in  toto  the  charges  made  in 
the  resolution  passed  by  the  Senate  au- 
thorizing the  inquiry. 


The  operators  in  their  brief  made  the 
counter  charge  that  the  United  Mine 
Workers  of  America,  in  its  attempts  "to 
organize"  the  coal  miners  in  the  West 
Virginia  field,  was  responsible  for  the 
violence  which  has  characterized  the 
strike. 

The  operators  declared  they  expect  to 
prove  that  firearms  and  ammunition  were 
brought  into  the  state  "for  acts  of  lawless- 
ness and  violence,  which  were  designed  to 
keep  the  Paint  Creek  and  Cabin  Creek 
mines  idle  and  prevent  shipments  of  coal 
therefrom  until  the  United  Mine  Workers 
of  America  should  be  recognized." 

The  statement  presented  by  the  Paint 
Creek  Collieries  company  made  similar 
denials  and  similar  charges. 

Former  Governor  Glasscock,  who  was 
Governor  when  the  strike  began  and  who 
declared  martial  law  in  the  district,  will 
appear  before  the  committee  on  Thursday. 
He  sent  a  telegram  to  the  committee  today 
offering  to  testify,  and  at  the  suggestion 
of  Senator  Borah  it  was  arranged  to  ex- 
amine him  on  Thursday. 


(2) 

Chicago  Inter  Ocean 

CHARLESTON,  W.  Va.,  June  11.— 
War  time  rule  in  the  coal  strike  regions  of 
West  Virginia  was  described  before  the 
Senate  mine  investigating  committee 
here  today,  and  after  three  military  officers 
had  told  of  conditions,  the  committee  ex- 
pressed itself  as  satisfied  as  to  the  charge 
that  "the  citizens  of  West  Virginia  had 
been  tried  and  convicted  in  violation  of  the 
Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United 
States." 

Two  members  of  the  military  commit- 
tee, which  at  three  different  times  have 
assumed  absolute  dominion  over  some  150 
square  miles  of  West  Virginia  territory, 
testified.  They  were  Captain  Charles  R. 
Morgan,  a  lawyer,  and  Major  James  I. 
Pratt,  who  was  president  of  the  second 
military  court  which  took  charge  of  the 
strike  district.  Both  told  the  committee 
that   their    proceedings  w^ere   conducted 


no 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


without  regard  to  the  civil  laws  of  the 
state;  that  they  arrested,  arraigned,  tried, 
convicted  and  sentenced  offenders  without 
recourse  to  civil  courts  and  without  regard 
to  the  limitations  imposed  by  the  statutes 
of  West  Virginia. 

"We  considered  that  the  strike  district 
was  in  a  state  of  actual  warfare,"  said 
Captain  Morgan,  "and  we  acted  according 
to  the  procedure  of  the  United  States 
Army  in  time  of  war." 

"But  the  constitution  of  the  state  pro- 
vides," interjected  Attorney  Monnet,  for 
the  miners,  "  that  the  military  shall  be 
subordinate  to  the  civil  power,  and  that  no 
citizen,  unless  engaged  in  military  service 
of  the  state,  shall  be  tried  or  punished  for 
any  offense  that  is  cognizable  by  the  civil 
courts  of  the  state." 

"My  understanding  was,"  replied  Cap- 
tain Morgan,  "that  during  the  state  of 
insurrection  which  prevailed,  the  con- 
stitution of  the  state  of  West  Virginia  was 
suspended  by  the  acts  of  those  men  who 
were  burning,  killing  and  destroying  prop- 
erty. 

"We  believed  that  to  perpetuate  the 
state  of  West  Virginia  and  restore  the 
constitution  was  to  use  extreme  measures." 

A  dozen  pictures  of  men  clad  in  prison 
clothing  were  identified  by  Major  Pratt 
as  those  of  men  who  had  been  sentenced 
by  the  military  commission.  One  man  was 
given  a  sentence  of  seven  and  a  half  years; 
several  others  were  given  three,  foiu-  and 
five  year  terms. 

"Was  there  any  indictment  against  these 
men?"  asked  Senator  Borah. 

"No,"  answered  Major  Pratt;  "they 
were  arraigned  on  charges  prepared  by  the 
judge  advocate  general." 

Senator  Borah  elicited  that  Captain 
Morgan,  as  a  law>-er,  believed  that  there 
was  no  appeal  from  the  decision  of  the 
commission,  if  approved  by  the  Governor, 
except  to  the  Supreme  court  of  the  United 
States. 

"Then  a  man  did  not  have  to  commit  a 
statutory  offense  to  make  himself  amen- 
able to  the  action  of  your  commission?" 
asked  Attorney  Monnet. 

"No." 


"You  could  arraign  him  for  anything 
that  in  your  estimation  was  an  offense?" 

"Yes,  except  that  the  Governor's  proc- 
lamation specified  statutory  offenses." 

Senator  Martine  ascertained  that  after 
the  commission  had  heard  the  testimony 
in  a  case  it  went  into  secret  session,  ex- 
ecuted sealed  findings  after  the  manner  of  a 
verdict,  and  sent  them  to  the  Governor. 
It  was  developed  that  forty-nine  accused 
men  were  tried  at  one  time  by  the  com- 
mission. 

"There  was  no  opportunity  given  a  man 
to  secure  a  new  trial,  or  bail,  no  possibility 
of  a  stay  of  execution;  your  decision  was 
final,"  suggested  Mr.  Monnet. 

"Yes." 

"If  you  had  sentenced  a  man  to  death, 
there  was  no  way  of  stopping  the  execu- 
tion?" asked  Senator  Borah. 

"  We  did  not  contemplate  imposing  death 
sentences,"  replied  the  witness. 

Adjutant  General  Charles  D.  Elliott 
occupied  the  morning  session  and  part  of 
the  afternoon  session.  Tonight  Senator 
Borah  took  up  witnesses  produced  by  the 
Mine  Workers  to  testify  as  to  charges  that 
peonage  obtains  in  the  Paint  and  Cabin 
creeks  sections.  A  hundred  brawny  miners 
came  in  from  the  hills  today,  and  the  at- 
torneys for  the  Mine  Workers  weeded  out 
the  witnesses  they  wanted  to  call. 

Following  today's  speedy  work,  the  com- 
mittee decided  to  divide  up  the  inquiry 
tomorrow,  allowing  Senator  Borah  to  pro- 
ceed alone  with  the  peonage  investiga- 
tion, and  probably  requiring  Senator 
Kenyon  to  begin  an  individual  inquiry  into 
general  conditions  in  the  strike  zone,  while 
the  remainder  of  the  committee  take  up 
other  branches  of  the  inquiry. 


TESTIMONY  IN  INVESTIGATION 

Milwaukee  Free  Press 

NEW  YORK,  Feb.  3.— Mrs.  Mary 
Petrucci,  a  coal  miner's  wife,  today  told 
the  federal  industrial  commission  how  her 
three  small  children  met  death  at  her  side 
in  the  Ludlow  strike  massacre  of  1914. 

Women  wept  and  tense  faced  men  bent 


INVESTIGATIONS,  LEGISLATION,   AND  MEETINGS        iii 


forward  eagerly,  as  the  bareheaded,  black 
clad  woman,  in  low,  passive  tones,  reflect- 
ing the  deep  melancholy  of  her  face,  re- 
cited the  dramatic  events  of  the  night 
of  April  20,  when  fire  and  machine  guns 
swept  the  strikers'  camp  in  the  southern 
Colorado  hills,  collecting  a  toll  of  twelve 
children,  two  women  and  five  men.  It  was 
a  remarkable  recital  and  a  memorable 
scene. 

Mrs.  Petrucci  is  24  years  old.  She  was 
born  of  Italian  parents  in  a  Colorado  min- 
ing camp.  She  was  married  at  the  age  of 
16  and  had  four  children  when  the  strike 
of  the  Colorado  Fuel  &  Iron  company  em- 
ployes was  declared  in  1913.  She  lost  one 
child  in  March  of  the  following  year  as 
a  result  of  privations  occasioned  by  the 
strike.  With  the  grief  of  that  loss  still  upon 
her  she  went  to  live  in  the  tent  colony  at 
Ludlow  after  the  strikers  had  been  driven 
from  the  company  settlement.  There  the 
final  tragedy  of  her  life  was  enacted. 

She  took  the  witness  stand  today  with 
listless  manner  and  haunted  eyes.  Through- 
out her  testimony  she  alternately  bit  at 
her  finger  nails  and  twisted  in  her  frail 
hands  a  cotton  handkerchief. 

Her  sweet  voice  at  no  time  rose  above 
a  conversational  tone,  and  the  matter  of 
fact  manner  in  which  she  told  the  story 
of  her  grief  served  only  to  bring  out  with 
more  striking  force  its  tragic  import. 

"Yes,"  she  said  in  answer  to  Chairman 
Walsh's  questions,  "we  had  good  times  in 
the  tent  colony.  I  liked  it  there  better 
than  in  the  company  camp.  Over  there 
the  militia  came  up  every  day  and  insulted 
us.  The  Sunday  before  the  fire  was  the 
Greek  Easter.  The  men  in  the  camp  cele- 
brated it.  We  had  a  baseball  game,  and 
that  night  there  was  singing,  and  the  boys 
came  with  banjos  and  we  had  a  good  time." 

Into  this  background  of  merriment  she 
fitted  the  picture  of  the  woe  that  followed. 

"April  20  I  didn't  leave  our  tent  at  all," 
she  said.  "Our  tent  was  No.  1,  and  right 
behind  it  was  the  maternity  tent.  A  cellar 
had  been  dug  in  that  tent  and  there  several 
babies  were  bom  while  we  lived  in  the 
colony.  We  also  had  a  cellar  in  our  tent. 
It  was  about  6  o'clock  that  night.  I  was 


down  in  the  cellar  and  smelled  a  fire.  The 
children  were  playing  around.  I  went  up 
and  discovered  that  the  tent  was  all  on 
fire.  I  seized  my  children,  and  taking  one 
in  my  arms,  I  got  another  by  the  hand,  and 
the  other  one  took  hold  of  my  skirt  and 
we  ran  out  of  the  tent. 

"  When  I  ran  out  I  saw  a  lot  of  the  mili- 
tiamen around.  They  hollered  to  me  to 
look  out  and  were  shooting  at  me  as  I  ran. 
As  quick  as  I  could  I  ran  into  the  mater- 
nity tent  and  down  the  steps  into  the  cellar . ' ' 

"You  are  sure  you  saw  the  militiamen," 
asked  Mr.  Walsh. 

"Oh  yes,  sir,"  replied  the  witness. 
"They  were  about  twenty-five  yards 
away." 

"And  could  they  see  you?" 

"I  saw  them.  And  they  hollered  at  me; 
yes,  sir." 

She  looked  at  Walsh  with  frightened 
eyes  as  if  recalling  in  her  mind  the  scene 
of  the  night  and  continued: 

"There  was  a  door  down  to  the  cellar 
inside  the  tent  and  there  were  earth  steps. 
The  door  was  left  open  as  I  went  down, 
and  I  don't  know  how  it  came  to  be  closed 
later.  When  I  got  down  in  the  cellar  there 
were  three  women  and  eight  children  there. 
I  knew  them  all.  I  had  my  baby  in  my 
arms.  It  was  six  months  old.  The  others 
were  close  to  me  and  my  boy  had  hold  of 
my  dress." 

Twirling  the  handkerchief  in  her  hands, 
the  woman  looked  over  at  Mr.  Walsh  and 
in  a  voice  from  which  all  emotion  seemed 
to  have  been  drained,  she  said: 

"He  would  have  been  5  years  old  yes- 
terday— my  boy." 

"You  lost  all  three  of  yoiu:  children 
there?"  said  Walsh. 

"Yes,  sir,"  she  replied,  soft  and  low. 
"I  lost  them  that  night." 

And  again  she  twisted  the  handkerchief 
into  a  knot.  A  woman  on  the  front  row 
of  benches  sobbed  audibly.  A  shufiling  of 
feet  and  the  deep  breathing  of  the  specta- 
tors swept  over  the  room.  Mrs.  Petrucci 
gazed  dully  at  her  questioner, 

"We  were  in  the  cellar  about  ten  min- 
utes," she  said,  "when "the  tent  over  our 
head  took  fire.    I  don't  know  how    it 


112 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


started.  It  was  not  on  fire  when  I  went  in. 
Pretty  soon  after  that  we  all  lost  conscious- 
ness." 

"But  before  that,"  asked  Walsh,  "didn't 
you  try  to  escape?" 

"It  was  all  on  fire  over  our  heads,"  re- 
phed  the  woman  simply. 

"Did  you  do  anything  to  save  your 
children?" 

"What  could  I?  Oh,  yes.  There  was  a 
woman  there  with  a  blanket.  I  asked  her 
to  share  it  with  me  for  my  babies ;  one  was 
6  months,  you  know,  and  the  other  2^ 
years,  and  my  boy  4.  She  told  me  it  was 
only  big  enough  for  herseh." 

Mrs.  Petrucci  sighed.  It  was  the  only 
display  of  emotion  she  made  during  the 
recital.  That  blanket — a  corner  of  it 
might  have  saved  one  of  the  babies  from 
the  suffocation  that  quickly  overtook  all 
there.  She  sighed  at  the  recollection. 

"The  next  I  knew,"  she  continued 
plaintively,  "was  when  I  woke  up  at  5 
the  next  morning.  I  ran  out  for  water  for 
my  babies.  They  were  lying  there.  I 
thought  water  would  help  them.  I  did 
not  know  what  I  was  doing.  I  felt  like  I 
was  drunk.  Outside  I  saw  guards  walk- 
ing down  the  railroad  tracks.  They  were 
laughing.  I  kept  turning  back  all  the  time. 
I  was  afraid  they  would  shoot  me." 

Again  the  frightened  look  came  into 
her  dark  ringed,  black  eyes.  A  score  of 
women  in  the  audience  were  weeping  now. 
Save  for  their  smothered  sighs  the  room 
was  in  absolute  sUence.  The  clanging  of 
a  bell  on  one  of  the  lower  floors  of  the 
Metropolitan  building  rang  out  like  a  fun- 
eral note. 

"I  went  to  the  railroad  station,"  said 
Mrs.  Petrucci.  "I  didn't  know  what  I 
was  doing.  I  asked  Mrs.  Horning  to  go 
look  for  my  babies.  She  said  she  could  not 
find  them.  Someone  bought  me  a  ticket 
for  Trinidad.  I  was  in  bed  there  nine  days 
with  pneumonia.  I  did  not  see  my  children 
again." 

A  woman  on  the  front  row  groaned  and 
Mrs.  Petrucci  looked  down  at  her  with 
dazed  eyes. 

"  Don't  you  know  how  the  fire  started?  " 
asked  Commissioner  Weinstock. 


"No,  sir;  the  beginning  of  the  fire  was 
in  my  tent.  It  was  about  6  o'clock.  It  was 
still  light.  It  started  outside." 

"But  when  you  went  out  didn't  you 
see  anyone? 

"No,  sir,  only  the  militiamen." 

For  a  fuU  two  minutes  the  commis- 
sioners gazed  silently  at  the  woman.  Then 
finally  Weinstock  asked: 

"When  you  went  to  the  railroad  station 
what  did  you  think  had  become  of  your 
children?" 

"I  wasn't  thinking  of  anything,"  re- 
plied Mrs.  Petrucci,  clasping  her  hand- 
kerchief to  her  breast. 

Mother  Jones  took  the  woman  in  her 
arms  as  she  stepped  from  the  stand  and 
led  her  away. 

Andrew  Carnegie  wiE  probably  be  called 
on  Friday. 


HEARING  ON  CITY  ORDINANCE 

New  York  Herald 

If  there  is  any  general  opposition  to  an 
ordinance  to  guard  the  public  against  the 
nuisance  of  smoking  automobiles,  it  failed 
to  develop  at  a  public  hearing  in  the  mat- 
ter held  yesterday  afternoon  by  the  Com- 
mittee on  Laws  and  Legislation  of  the 
Board  of  Aldermen.  One  man  appeared 
when  opponents  of  the  bill  were  asked  to 
express  their  views,  but  he  admitted  that 
the  ordinance  would  be  a  good  thing  if 
operative  only  in  Manhattan. 

He  was  Herbert  G.  Andrews,  of  the 
Committee  on  Laws  and  Legislation  of  the 
Long  Island  Automobile  Club.  He  said 
the  club  favored  the  abatement  of  the 
nuisance,  but  would  like  to  have  the  ordi- 
nance altered  in  certain  respects. 

In  the  form  introduced  by  Alderman 
NicoU  the  ordinance  is  identically  the  same 
as  one  now  in  force  prohibiting  smok- 
ing automobiles  in  the  parks.  It  says  that 
"no  person  shall  run  a  motor  vehicle  in 
the  streets  and  highways  of  the  city  of 
New  York  which  emits  from  the  exhaust 
or  mufiler  thereof  offensive  quantities  of 
smoke,  gas  or  disagreeable  odors,"  and  that 
I  "any  violation  of  the  provisions  of  this 


INVESTIGATIONS,   LEGISLATION,   AND   MEETINGS        113 


ordinance  shall  be  deemed  a  minor  offence 
and,  upon  conviction  thereof  before  a  city 
magistrate,  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of 
not  more  than  $10  or  by  imprisonment  in 
the  City  Prison,  or  by  both;  but  no  such 
imprisonment,  however,  shall  exceed  a 
term  of  five  days." 

Mr.  Andrews  suggested  that  the  word 
"offensive"  be  changed  to  "excessive"  and 
that  the  fine  be  graduated  —  slight  for  the 
first  offence  and  heavier  for  subsequent 
offences. 

William  H.  Palmer,  of  the  New  York 
Transportation  Company,  a  taxicab  con- 
cern, said  that  it  would  be  easier  to  deter- 
mine the  offence  if  the  ordinance  made 
some  reference  to  the  distance  at  which 
smoke  extending  from  an  automobUe  was 
unlawful. 

In  support  of  the  bUl  there  appeared 
many  persons,  including  two  women.  Al- 
derman Nicoll  said  that  smoking  auto- 
mobiles were  the  cause  of  a  great  blue 
haze  often  to  be  found  at  places  such  as 
Columbus  Circle  and  Forty-second  street 
and  Fifth  avenue.  The  smoke  penetrated 
stores,  he  said,  and  made  it  necessary  for 
merchants  to  keep  their  doors  and  windows 
closed  to  protect  their  goods. 

The  alderman  told  of  riding  in  a  taxi- 
cab  from  Cortlandt  street  to  Fiftieth  street 
on  Thm-sday  afternoon  and  of  passing  one 
hundred  and  sixty-four  automobiles,  of 
which,  he  said,  thirty  were  smoking. 

Paris,  London  and  Berhn  have  laws  pro- 
hibiting the  emission  of  smoke  from  auto- 
mobiles, he  said,  and  the  law  in  force  in 
Paris  is  even  more  drastic  than  his  or- 
dinance.  H 

Dr.  Holbrook  Curtis  corroborated  Mr. 
Nicoll  in  his  claim  that  smoke  had  a  bad 
effect  on  the  health  of  the  people  who  in- 
haled the  fumes.  He  said  it  was  especially 
injurious  to  persons  suffering  from  gas- 
tritis. 

Mrs.  John  Rogers,  as  chairman  of  the 
Hygiene  Committee  of  the  New  York 
City  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs, 
pleaded  for  the  passage  of  the  ordinance 
for  the  sake  of  little  children,  whose  noses 
and  eyes  were  affected  by  the  smoke, 
she  said.   Mrs.  Katherine  S.  Day,  of  the 


Women's  Municipal  League,  also  urged  the 
passage  of  the  measure. 

Others  who  spoke  in  favor  of  the  meas- 
ure were  Charles  J.  Campbell,  counsel  for 
the  Hotel  Association  of  the  City  of  New 
York;  Frederick  0.  Cook,  president  of  the 
Fifth  Avenue  Association;  John  C.  Cole- 
man, of  the  West  End  Association,  and 
WUham  Kirkpatrick. 

Mr.  Coleman  said  that  on  the  upper 
west  side  chauffeurs  often  vie  with  one 
another  to  see  how  much  smoke  they  can 
emit  and  how  much  noise  they  can  make. 

The  claim  was  made  that  jthe  emission 
of  smoke  could  be  prevented  without  dif- 
ficulty, and  nobody  contradicted  the  state- 
ment. Taxicabs  were  said  to  be  the  worst 
offenders. 


HEARING  ON  PROPOSED 
ORDINANCE 

New  York  Times 

Nearly  500  persons  living  in  New  York 
who  raise  chickens  on  their  fire  escapes, 
in  their  backyards,  or  on  vacant  lots,  for 
eating  purposes  or  for  their  eggs,  went  by 
invitation  to  the  offices  of  the  Department 
of  Health  yesterday  afternoon  and  made  a 
mighty  protest  against  the  proposed  ordi- 
nance to  prohibit  the  raising  of  hens  within 
seventy-five  feet  of  the  nearest  residence 
or  public  building,  and  the  keeping  of 
roosters  an5rwhere. 

Their  complaints  against  the  hardships 
of  the  regulations  under  consideration  were 
heard  with  great  patience  by  Dr.  Haven 
Emerson,  Deputy  Commissioner  of  Health, 
in  charge  of  the  Sanitary  Bureau.  Dr. 
Emerson  had  difficulty  in  keeping  order  at 
the  meeting,  because  aU  the  chicken  owners 
were  disposed  to  talk  at  once.  On  this 
account,  too,  many  of  those  who  probably 
had  good  arguments  to  use  against  the 
tentative  ordinance  were  unable  to  get  a 
hearing. 

The  lecture  room  on  the  fifth  floor  of 
the  Department  of  Health  Building  was 
packed  with  chicken  owners  long  before 
4  o'clock,  when  the  meeting  was  called  to 
order  by  Dr.  Emerson.  The  gathering  was 


114 


TYPES  OF  NEWS  WRITING 


composed  of  every  kind  of  chicken  raiser, 
from  the  head  of  a  family  which  kept  just 
two  pullets  for  their  eggs,  to  the  fancier 
who  boasted  of  the  finest  breed  of  fowl  in 
large  numbers.  Seated  on  either  side  of 
Dr.  Emerson  were  several  members  of  his 
staff,  including  Dr.  John  Barry,  Assistant 
Sanitary  Superintendent  of  Queens,  and 
Dr.  John  Sprague,  Assistant  Sanitary 
Superintendent  of  Richmond. 

The  meeting  was  opened  by  Dr.  Emer- 
son, who  explained  that  the  Sanitary  Bu- 
reau had  received  more  than  14,000  com- 
plaints on  account  of  chickens  since  the 
first  of  the  year.  Furthermore,  he  asserted 
that  inspectors  were  occupied  one-third 
of  their  time  investigating  applications  for 
permits  to  keep  chickens,  or  complaints 
about  them.  He  then  started  to  read  some 
of  the  hundreds  of  letters  of  complaint  on 
the  subject  of  chickens,  when  one  of  the 
owners  interrupted: 

"I  don't  think  it's  fair  to  take  up  our 
time  with  letters  of  complaint,  because 
we  already  loiow  what's  in  them.  We  want 
to  find  out  what's  the  best  the  Depart- 
ment of  Health  can  do  for  chicken  raisers." 

A  member  of  a  delegation  from  Sheeps- 
head  Bay  said  that  the  proposed  seventy- 
five-foot  limit  would  entirely  wipe  out 
chicken  raising  in  his  section,  and  he  be- 
lieved it  would  have  the  same  effect  in 
other  suburban  districts.    He  said: 

"I  have  a  plot  100  by  100  feet,  and  my 
house  is  constructed  so  that  it  would  be 
impossible  for  me  to  keep  chickens  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  seventy-five-foot  limit. 
The  average  subvu-banite  Uves  on  a  plot 
50  by  100  feet." 

The  suggestion  that  the  new  limit 
would  practically  eliminate  the  chicken 
industry  from  this  city,  brought  forth  a 
chorus  of  groans  not  unlike  that  of  Sing 
Sing  when  a  convict  is  led  from  the  death 
house  to  the  electric  chair. 

Dr.  Emerson  was  the  target  for  a  score 
of  different  questions  from  every  part  of 
the  room,  and,  as  the  best  way  out  of  the 
difficulty,  he  asked  all  who  had  killed 
chickens  on  their  plots  to  raise  their  hands." 

"Don't  you  do  it;  you'll  be  fined,"  was 
the  warning  shouted  by  one  of  the  chicken 


owners,  and  this  was  the  signal  for  another 
series  of  groans. 

It  took  the  Deputy  Health  Commis- 
sioner some  Uttlei  time  to  restore  order  and 
to  explain  to  the  men  and  women  that  no 
pohce  officers  were  present  to  start  pro- 
ceedings against  offenders  of  the  anti- 
chicken-slaughtering  regulations. 

One  of  the  chicken  raisers  pointed  out 
that  the  law  was  absurd  in  that  it  said  that 
a  chicken  coop  could  not  be  kept  within 
seventy-five  feet  of  a  factory. 

"Is  a  chicken  going  to  harm  a  factory?" 
he  asked. 

Dr.  Emerson  then  tried  to  tell  the  com- 
plaining chicken  owners  that  milk-bottUng 
works,  on  the  sanitation  of  which  depended 
the  lives  of  thousands  of  babies,  were  among 
the  "factories"  protected  by  the  regula- 
tion. He  also  said  that  there  was  no  intent 
in  the  seventy-five-foot  limit  to  discrimi- 
nate against  chicken  owners  any  more  than 
there  was  to  discriminate  against  saloons, 
which  are  required  to  be  200  feet  removed 
from  the  nearest  church  or  school.  Here 
he  was  interrupted: 

"You  see  a  lot  of  drunken  men  coming 
out  of  saloons,  but  you  never  see  a  drunken 
chicken  coming  out  of  a  chicken  coop." 

When  Dr.  Emerson  asserted  that  150,- 
000  chickens  were  slaughtered  in  New 
York  City  every  year  in  violation  of  the 
law  regulating  slaughter  houses,  several 
men  and  women  jumped  to  their  feet.  All 
at  once  the  men  protested: 

"But  we  slaughter  them  in  a  more  san- 
itary way  than  the  licensed  slaughter 
houses." 

When  this  period  of  excitement  had 
somewhat  subsided,  a  little  woman  arose 
quietly  and,  on  the  ground  that  she  kept 
two  chickens  for  their  eggs,  protested 
against  further  reference  to  the  killing  of 
fowls  as  "slaughter." 

J.  Howland  Leavitt,  Superintendent  of 
Highways  of  Queens,  endeavored  to  cahn 
the  chicken  owners  by  assuring  them  that 
it  must  be  the  idea  of  the  Department  of 
Health  to  improve  bad  conditions  without 
being  too  strict  with  those  persons  who 
complied  with  the  health  regulations. 

"For  instance,"  said  Supt.  Leavitt,  "I 


INVESTIGATIONS,   LEGISLATION,   AND   MEETINGS        115 


keep  chickens  within  sixty-five  feet  of  a 
school  house.  They  do  not  disturb  any  of 
my  neighbors,  and  there  has  never  been 
any  complaint  about  them,  to  my  knowl- 
edge." 

"Have  you  ever  received  a  permit  to 
keep  those  chickens?"  asked  Dr.  Emerson. 

"No,"  replied  Mr.  Leavitt,  and  the 
chicken  owners  were  forced  to  laugh — 
for  the  first  time. 

On  behalf  of  citizens  of  Queens  and 
Richmond  Boroughs  in  their  districts, 
Aldermen  Burden  of  Flushing  and  O'Rourke 
of  Richmond  made  certain  objections  to  the 
proposed  ordinance.  Alderman  Burden 
said  his  constituents  were  satisfied  with 
the  present  law,  and  only  asked  for  ade- 
quate inspection.  Alderman  O'Rourke 
said  it  would  be  more  in  keeping  with  the 
Mayor's  policy  to  apply  home  rule  to 
chickens  and  leave  each  Assistant  Sani- 
tary Superintendent  with  jurisdiction  in 
his  borough. 

The  fears  of  the  chicken  raisers  were 
somewhat  allayed  when  Commissioner 
Emerson  read  a  letter  from  one  of  their 
number  suggesting  a  few  modifications 
to  the  proposed  ordinance.  He  took  a 
vote  on  the  suggestions  and  the  majority 
indorsed  them. 

Before  the  meeting  was  closed  the 
chicken  owners  voted  their  thanks  to  Dr. 
Emerson  for  his  patience  in  hearing  their 
complaints. 


HEARING  BEFORE  COMMITTEE 

Chicago  Herald 

Are  women  less  brave  than  men  in  time 
of  danger? 

J.  C.  McDonnell,  chief  of  the  fire  pre- 
vention bureau,  precipitated  the  second 
chapter  in  the  controversy  yesterday  when 
he  appeared  before  the  judiciary  committee 
of  the  city  council  and  reiterated  his  con- 
tention that  public  safety  demanded  the 
substitution  of  men  for  women  ushers  in 
Chicago  theaters. 

"Women  ushers  are  not  as  brave  as  men 
when  danger  comes,"  he  argued. 

"Experience  has  proved  that  statement 


pm-ely  theoretical  and  absolutely  untrue," 
responded  the  managers  of  playhouses 
which  employ  girl  ushers. 

"Women  ushers  are  all  right  to  hand  out 
programs  and  show  patrons  to  seats,  but 
that  is  all,"  the  fire  prevention  chief  re- 
marked. 

And  thereby  Armageddon  was  set  down 
in  the  midst  of  the  theatrical  world. 

The  first  strategic  move  of  the  opposing 
forces — the  girl  ushers  of  Chicago — 
consisted  in  the  organization  of  an  effec- 
tive fighting  machine. 

"The  Girl  Ushers'  Anti-McDonnell 
League"  it  is  called — and  the  name  con- 
ceals little  of  the  organization's  plans  of 
procedure. 

"Our  work  is  to  us  what  other  kinds  of 
work  are  to  other  girls — om-  means  of 
earning  a  livelihood,"  said  Miss  Marie 
Donlan  of  the  Princess  Theater,  chairman 
of  the  league.  "To  the  assistant  fire  chief 
the  change  from  women  ushers  to  men 
would  mean  only  the  vindication  of  an 
idea.  To  us  it  would  inean  the  loss  of  our 
positions." 

The  campaign  contemplated  by  the 
league  has  no  place  in  it  for  consideration 
of  the  feelings  of  the  fire  prevention  head. 

"We  shall  ignore  him  with  pleasure," 
volunteered  Miss  Blanche  Lamb,  head 
usher  of  the  Garrick. 

Here  is  the  plan  worked  out  by  the 
members  of  the  league's  impromptu  war 
council:  A  petition  will  be  prepared  and 
presented  to  Mayor  Harrison  by  a  com- 
mittee selected  from  the  membership  of 
the  league.  The  petition  will  recite  actual 
instances  in  which  girls  have  proved  their 
bravery  "under  fire." 

New  friends  sprang  to  the  defense  of  the 
young  women  at  the  council  committee 
meeting.  They  were  Aldermen  Coughlin 
and  Dempsey.  The  former  cited  the  in- 
stance of  the  Iroquois  Theater  fire,  when 
"men  ushers  failed  to  prevent  terrible  loss 
of  life."  Alderman  Dempsey  said  it  would 
be  wrong  "to  throw  so  many  girls  out  of 
employment." 

Girl  ushers  active  in  the  new  league  in- 
clude the  Misses  Eleanor  Cline  and  Ger- 
trude White  of  the  Princess  Theater,  the 


ii6 


TYPES  OF  NEWS  WRITING 


Misses  Lucile  Perkins  and  Blanche  Lamb 
of  the  Garrick,  and  the  Misses  T.  Crowley, 
D.  Dennis  and  G.  Kennedy  of  Powers'. 

The  council  judiciary  committee  voted 
to  defer  action  until  after  the  managers  of 
the  theaters  had  been  given  an  opportunity 
to  be  heard. 

Meanwhile — who  are  braver,  girls  or 
boys? 

Theatrical  managers  say  girls. 

Assistant  Chief  McDonnell  says  boys. 

And  you — ? 


STATE  LEGISLATURE 

St.  Louis  Post-Dispatch 

JEFFERSON  CITY,  Jan.  21.— Op- 
position of  Democratic  politicians  in  St. 
Louis  to  a  reform  of  the  Justice  of  the  Peace 
system  in  the  city  developed  in  the  House 
yesterday  over  a  bill  modeled  along  the 
lines  of  the  Municipal  Courts  biU,  which 
has  three  times  been  killed  through  the  in- 
fluence of  poUticians  who  sought  to  per- 
petuate the  present  system  in  the  minor 
courts  of  St.  Louis. 

William  R.  Handy,  Democratic  member 
from  the  Third  District  in  St.  Louis,  yes- 
terday succeeded  in  keeping  the  Justice  of 
the  Peace  bill  in  the  Committee  on  Muni- 
cipal Corporations  after  the  House  had 
voted  to  request  that  committee  to  return 
the  bill  that  it  might  be  referred  to  the 
Committee  on  Justices  of  the  Peace,  to 
which  it  properly  belongs. 

Handy  is  a  member  of  the  Municipal 
Corporations  Committee,  and  with  the  bill 
in  that  committee,  it  is  always  under  his 
eye,  and  he  is  in  a  position  to  have  a  voice 
in  determining  whether  it  shall  ever  be  re- 
ported. Through  many  sessions  Handy  has 
fought  to  kiU  the  municipal  courts  bill. 

The  Justices  of  the  Peace  bill  was  in- 
troduced by  John  C.  Harrison  of  St.  Louis. 
Harrison  is  a  lawyer  and  a  former  Justice 
of  the  Peace. 

His  bill  provides  that  Justices  of  the 
Peace  shall  be  elected  at  large  in  St.  Louis 
and  that  each  shall  have  jurisdiction 
throughout  the  city.  It  places  each  Justice 
on  a  salary  of  $3000  a  year  and  provides 


for  a  reduction  in  the  number  of  Justices 
from  11  to  7.  Each  Justice,  the  bill  pro- 
vides, must  be  a  licensed  attorney. 

One  clerk  is  provided  for,  to  be  elected 
by  the  Justices.  There  are  to  be  such  dep- 
uty clerks  as  are  required.  One  Constable 
is  provided  for  in  the  bill,  his  salary  to  be 
$2500  a  year.  Deputy  clerks  and  Con- 
stables shall  be  paid  $1800  a  year  each.  In 
addition  to  his  salary,  the  Constable  is  al- 
lowed 2^  per  cent  of  all  amounts  collected 
by  him  on  execution. 

The  bill  does  not  require  that  all  the 
justice  courts  shall  be  in  one  building,  but 
provides  that  the  Board  of  Aldermen  shall 
provide  suitable  rooms  and  offices,  which 
shall  be  centrally  located. 

The  biU  is  opposed  by  ward  poHticians, 
as  was  the  Municipal  Courts  bill  in  pre- 
vious sessions,  for  the  reason  that  it  would 
abolish  many  jobs  of  Constables  and  would 
break  up  the  political  organizations  in  the 
Justice  of  the  Peace  districts  in  St.  Louis. 

Democrats  are  opposing  it  on  the  addi- 
tional ground  that  under  the  present  sys- 
tem the  Democrats  are  able  to  elect  some 
Justices  and  Constables,  and  they  fear 
that,  if  such  officers  were  elected  at  large, 
the  Republicans  would  win  all  the  jobs. 

The  controlling  motive  of  the  opposi- 
tion, however,  is  the  danger  of  breaking  up 
the  organizations  through  which  political 
bosses  are  able  to  reward  faithful  hench- 
men or  get  jobs  for  themselves. 

The  requirement  that  a  Justice  must  be 
a  practicing  attorney  would  end  the  pres- 
ent system,  practiced  in  many  of  the  dis- 
tricts in  St.  Louis,  of  ward  politicians  hav- 
ing themselves  elected  Justices  of  the 
Peace. 

Harrison's  biU  was  introduced  a  week 
ago.  It  was  referred  by  Speaker  Ross  to 
the  Municipal  Corporations  Committee,  of 
which  Handy  is  a  member.  Yesterday 
Harrison  requested  that  it  be  taken  from 
that  committee  and  sent  to  the  Committee 
on  Justices  of  the  Peace,  of  which  he  is  a 
member. 

Handy  objected.  He  said  that  he  was 
opposed  to  having  the  bill  in  Harrison's 
committee.  Speaker  Ross  said  that  it  was 
customary  to  refer  a  bill  to  any  committee 


INVESTIGATIONS,   LEGISLATION,   AND   MEETINGS         117 


the  member  introducing  it  desired,  but 
Representative  James  J.  Blain  made  the 
point  that  Ross  had  no  power  to  take  the 
bill  out  of  the  Municipal  Corporations 
Committee. 

Harrison  then  offered  a  motion  that  the 
committee  be  instructed  to  return  the  bill 
to  the  House.  Blain  objected  to  the  form  of 
the  motion.  He  said  that  the  committee 
should  be  requested,  not  instructed.  Har- 
rison changed  his  motion. 

The  Municipal  Corporations  Commit- 
tee met  yesterday  afternoon.  Handy  was 
present.  The  committee  voted  to  refuse  the 
request  of  the  House  and  to  retain  posses- 
sion of  the  bill.  The  only  Democrats  on  the 
committee  voting  to  return  the  bill  were 
Representatives  White  of  Cole  County  and 
O'Brien  of  Wayne  County. 

Harrison  said  this  morning  that  he  would 
renew  his  motion  and  that  he  would  ask 
that  the  House  order  the  Municipal  Cor- 
porations Committee  to  return  the  bill. 


Note  —  The  second  of  the  next  two  stories 
follows  up  the  news  of  the  introduction  of  an 
ordinance  given  in  the  first  story. 

CITY  COUNCIL  MEETING 

(1) 

Philadelphia  Ledger 

(Condensed) 

Authority  for  the  immediate  erection  of 
a  two-track  elevated  railway  from  Front 
and  Arch  streets  to  Rhawn  street,  Holmes- 
burg,  is  granted  in  an  ordinance  introduced 
in  Common  Council  yesterday  by  Peter  E. 
Costello,  of  the  45th  Ward. 

Asserting  that  he  had  introduced  the  bill 
upon  his  own  volition,  Mr.  Costello  said 
that  he  did  not  even  know  whether  it  em- 
braced the  recommendations  made  by  Di- 
rector of  City  Transit  Taylor  for  such  a 
road.  The  people  in  the  northeast  want  it, 
he  said,  and  are  certain  that  it  will  be  a  pay- 
ing proposition.  Republican  Organization 
leaders  are  understood  to  be  behind  the 
measure.  The  bill  relegates  Director  Tay- 
lor to  second  place  in  approval  of  the  plans 


for  the  project.  It  provides  that  work  shall 
be  started  within  six  months  after  the 
plans  have  been  approved  by  the  "  Depart- 
ments of  Public  Works  and  of  City  Transit." 

Attention  was  called  to  the  fact  that  the 
Costello  ordinance,  by  clearing  the  way  for 
the  Philadelphia  Rapid  Transit  to  accept  a 
Northeast  "L"  proposition  by  itself,  might 
seriously  hamper  the  projects  of  Director 
Taylor  by  eliminating  one  of  the  main  fea- 
tiu-es  in  the  Taylor  plans,  which  contem- 
plate the  new  high-speed  system  as  a  unit. 
The  deep  significance  of  the  ordinance, 
councilmanic  observers  said,  lay  in  this  fact. 

In  accordance  with  the  agreement  be- 
tween the  city  and  the  Rapid  Transit  Com- 
pany, the  latter  has  first  refusal  of  the 
franchise.  If  within  90  days  after  passage 
of  the  ordinance  that  company  does  not 
indicate  acceptance  or  rejection,  the  Mayor 
shall,  by  public  advertisement,  request 
tenders  for  the  construction  of  the  elevated 
and  report  the  same  to  Councils,  "to  the 
end  that  the  said  new  company  or  the  city 
of  Philadelphia  may  proceed  with  the  con- 
struction of  the  same." 

The  company  submitting  the  successful 
tender  is  given  six  months  within  which  to 
present  complete  plans  for  approval  to  the 
Departments  of  Public  Works  and  of  City 
Transit.  Within  six  months  after  approval 
of  such  plans  actual  work  of  construction 
must  be  started. 

In  consideration  of  the  franchise  the 
company  is  to  pay  to  the  city  10  per  cent, 
of  its  net  profits  in  cash  before  any  divi- 
dends are  paid.  The  rate  of  fare  is  not  to 
exceed  5  cents  for  a  continuous  ride. 

The  road  throughout  is  to  have  an  over- 
head clearance  of  14  feet  above  street 
grades.  From  Front  and  Arch  streets  to 
Frankford,  the  Costello  route  is  declared 
to  be  the  same  as  that  laid  down  by  Di- 
rector Taylor. 

As  provided  in  the  ordinance,  the  route 
of  the  road  is  to  be  from  Front  and  Arch 
streets,  along  Front  street  to  Kensing- 
ton avenue,  along  Kensington  avenue  to 
Frankford  avenue,  along  Frankford  avenue 
to  Rhawn  street. 

Stations  are  to  be  established  at  Front 
and  Arch  streets,  at  Noble  street,  Girard 


ii8 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


avenue  and  Berks  street;  along  Kensing- 
ton avenue  between  Somerset  and  Cam- 
bria streets,  between  Allegheny  avenue  and 
Westmoreland  street  and  at  or  near  Tioga 
and  Adams  streets;  along  Frankford  avenue 
at  Unity,  Arrott,  Bridge,  Comly,  Tyson 
and  Rhawn  streets. 

The  road  is  to  be  operated  by  electricity 
or  any  power  other  than  steam.  The  ordi- 
nance was  referred  to  the  Committee  on 
Street  Railways,  of  which  Charles  Seger  is 
chairman  and  Mr.  Costello  a  member. 

The  announcement  that  an  ordinance 
had  been  introduced  for  the  construction 
of  the  Frankford  elevated  was  a  complete 
surprise  to  Director  of  Transit  Taylor.  He 
so  told  the  audience  he  addressed  last  night 
at  a  mass-meeting  in  Tioga.  He  refused  to 
discuss  the  matter  at  any  length. 

"After  I  carefully  study  that  ordinance," 
he  said,  "and  learn  more  about  it,  I  will 
make  a  public  statement.  That  will  be  to- 
morrow afternoon." 

A  resolution  introduced  by  Select  Coun- 
cilman Harry  J.  Trainer,  to  grant  permis- 
sion for  the  use  of  the  south  side  of  Pier  16, 
South,  for  loading  supplies  by  the  Ameri- 
can Commission  for  Relief  in  Belgium,  was 
passed. 

An  ordinance  for  a  "curb  market"  on 
Marshall  street,  between  Brown  and  Par- 
rish  streets,  also  was  passed. 

A  resolution  providing  for  the  extension 
of  the  Greenmount  Cemetery,  which  re- 
cently passed  Common  Council,  was  ob- 
jected to  by  William  R.  Rieber  and,  on 
motion  of  Louis  Hutt,  of  the  29th  Ward, 
was  laid  on  the  table. 

A  resolution  was  passed  providing  for 
the  extension  of  Fairmount  Park  by  the 
addition  of  a  plot  of  ground  at  Ritten- 
house  street  and  Wissahickon  avenue. 

Resolutions  were  introduced  providing 
for  the  appropriation  of  $26,000  for  a  bridge 
on  Sherwood  avenue  over  the  east  branch 
of  Indian  Run;  for  the  opening  of  Beulah 
street  from  Shunk  street  to  Oregon  avenue, 
and  Charles  street  from  Bridge  to  Harrison 
streets;  for  an  appropriation  of  $6500  for 
the  improvement  of  Connell  Park;  for  the 
opening  of  a  playground  and  recreation 
centre  between  Frankford  and  Erie  avenues. 


Venango  street  and  the  Pennsylvania  rail- 
road; and  for  $12,000  for  the  purchase  of  a 
Delaware  wharf  property  on  the  south  side 
of  Pine  street. 

A  communication  was  received  from  the 
East  Germantown  Improvement  Associa- 
tion, calling  attention  to  the  dangerous 
condition  existing  along  York  road  by  rea- 
son of  the  absence  of  properly  paved  side- 
walks, and  urging  better  police  protection. 
A  letter  also  was  received  from  Judge  Bar- 
ratt,  urging  that  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution 
be  permitted  to  erect  a  bronze  tablet  to  the 
memory  of  John  Nixon  in  Independence 
Square. 

A  plea  also  was  received  from  the  Mu- 
tual Beneficial  and  Protective  Association 
of  the  Bureau  of  Water,  requesting  a  15  per 
cent,  increase  in  salaries  for  employes  now 
getting  $1400  a  year  or  less. 

Select  Councilman  George  T.  Conrade, 
of  the  5th  Ward,  introduced  a  resolution 
granting  the  use  of  Washington  Square  for 
the  proposed  "mongrel"  or  "yellow  dog" 
show,  to  be  held  on  December  19. 

(2) 

Philadephia  Ledger 

(Abridged) 

Opposition  to  Councilman  Peter  E.  Cos- 
tello's  ordinance  proposing  the  early  con- 
struction of  an  elevated  railroad  to  Frank- 
ford, with  the  Philadelphia  Rapid  Transit 
Company  receiving  first  preference  as  a 
building  and  operating  company,  was 
sounded  yesterday  by  prominent  council- 
manic  leaders.  Republican  Organization 
colleagues  of  Mr.  Costello. 

In  a  joint  statement  setting  forth  that 
they  had  no  knowledge  of  the  Costello  ordi- 
nance previous  to  its  introduction  last 
Thursday,  Charles  Seger,  chairman  of 
Councils'  Joint  Committee  on  Street  Rail- 
ways, and  John  P.  Connelly,  chairman 
of  Councils'  Finance  Committee,  declared 
themselves  opposed  to  any  ordinance  which 
does  not  embrace  transit  facilities  "on  a 
broad  basis"  for  the  entire  city. 

At  the  same  time  Director  of  City  Tran- 
sit A.  Merritt  Taylor,  after  an  analysis  of 
the  Costello  bill,  issued  a  statement  de- 


INVESTIGATIONS,   LEGISLATION,   AND   MEETINGS        119 


daring  that  the  passage  of  such  an  ordi- 
nance would  be  "an  unthinkable  betrayal 
of  a  public  trust,"  in  that  it  would  serve  to 
defeat  the  plan  of  the  department  to  con- 
nect every  important  section  of  the  city 
with  every  other  important  section  by 
high-speed  lines  for  a  single  5-cent  fare.  To 
hand  over  to  any  corporation  at  this  junc- 
ture the  Frankford  "  L, "  said  Director  Tay- 
lor, would  be  to  "give  away  the  most  effec- 
tive lever  which  the  people  have  to  secure 
adequate  rapid  transit  for  Philadelphia." 

Protest  against  the  Costello  plan  was 
forthcoming  from  many  sections  of  the  city 
in  letters,  in  telephone  messages  and  in 
visits  to  Director  Taylor  from  delegations 
of  citizens.  The  Philadelphia  Navy  Yard 
led  the  way  by  sending  a  delegation,  headed 
by  G.  H.  Wilhams,  chairman  of  the  League 
Island  Improvement  Association,  who  de- 
clared against  a  "one-legged  proposition 
of  any  kind"  and  in  favor  of  transit  de- 
velopment for  all  Philadelphia.  This  del- 
egation pointed  out  that  Costello 's  bill 
contained  no  provision  for  transfers  from 
the  Frankford  "L"  and  Market  street 
"L"  to  Navy  Yard  lines,  making  neces- 
sary two  5-cent  fares  rather  than  the  single 
5-cent  fare  proposed  under  the  Taylor 
plan. 

Adherents  of  the  Taylor  plan  pointed  out 
that  the  CosteUo  ordinance  provided  for 
extension  of  the  Frankford  elevated  from 
Bridge  street,  Frankford,  the  northern 
terminal  of  the  Taylor  elevated,  to  Rhawn 
street,  in  Holmesburg.  This,  it  was  pointed 
out,  was  a  projection  three  miles  long 
through  an  undeveloped  territory,  which, 
however,  contains  choice  building  lots  now 
held  by  realty  corporations  and  private 
owners. 

In  the  face  of  all  the  protest,  Council- 
man Costello  aimounced  that  Frankford, 
with  one-third  of  the  entire  population  of 
the  city,  was  entitled  to  first  consideration 
in  transit  development,  and  that  it  had 
been  trying  to  get  better  facilities  for  25 
years.  He  said  he  was  not  considering  the 
needs  of  Darby,  Logan  or  any  other  section 
of  the  city.  He  did  not  care  whether  the 
Rapid  Transit  Company  or  an  independ- 
ent concern  built  and  operated  the  line. 


Further,  he  had  consulted  no  one  in  draft- 
ing his  ordinance. 


MEDICAL  CONVENTION 

New  York  Times 

The  man  isn't  born  who  can  tell  a  lie 
tmder  the  close  observation  of  physiologi- 
cal experts  without  an  increase  in  the  pres- 
sure of  the  blood,  according  to  a  statement 
made  by  Dr.  Louisa  Burns  of  the  A.  T. 
StUl  Research  Institute  of  Chicago,  at  the 
final  meeting  of  the  sixteenth  Annual  Con- 
vention of  the  New  York  Osteopathic  So- 
ciety, yesterday  afternoon,  at  the  Park 
Avenue  Hotel,  Park  Avenue  and  Thirty- 
third  Street.  Dr.  Burns  has  drawn  her 
conclusions  from  a  long  series  of  experi- 
ments, conducted  in  her  laboratory. 

It  was  pointed  out  to  the  three  hundred 
osteopaths  by  Dr.  Burns  that  any  habit- 
ual liar  could  tell  an  untruth  without  be- 
traying the  shghtest  sign  of  deceit  in  the 
expression  of  his  face  or  in  the  movement 
of  his  body.  But  the  action  of  the  pulse, 
she  said,  was  far  beyond  the  control  even  of 
the  best  liar.  She  explained  that  this  was  so 
because  the  pulse  or  pressure  of  the  blood 
was  influenced  chiefly  by  the  change  of 
emotions,  and  the  most  finished  liars,  she 
observed,  had  sometimes  the  strongest 
emotions. 

"The  action  of  the  blood  pressure  is  an 
indicator  to  the  person  who  is  accustomed 
to  work  with  it.  By  watching  it  you  are 
able  to  get  the  true  history  of  a  case,  even 
in  spite  of  the  reticence  of  the  patient,  in 
the  same  way  in  which  you  are  able  to  find 
a  hidden  object  in  the  game  of  hide  and 
seek,  when  your  search  is  guided  toward 
that  hidden  thing  by  the  warning,  '  You're 
getting  hot,'  and  away  from  it  by  the 
counter  warning,  'You're  getting  cold.' 

"When  a  patient  comes  to  my  oflBce  I 
always  find  it  is  better  to  work  with  him 
as  he  lies  on  a  table.  In  order  to  avoid  dis- 
tracting his  attention,  it  is  better  to  sit 
quietly  beside  him  rather  than  stand  over 
him.  He  is  engaged  in  a  conversation  at 
first  simply  about  the  nature  of  his  com- 
plaint. Meanwhile  I  have  found  his  pulse, 


120 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


and  as  the  conversation  progresses,  the 
patient  soon  forgets  that  his  pulse  is  the  one 
thing  under  observation.  If  the  patient  is 
asked  about  a  certain  thing  which  may 
have  been  true  of  his  case,  he  will  confirm 
your  guess  by  the  action  of  his  pulse,  even 
though  he  may  evade  your  question.  If  he 
is  trying  to  keep  from  disclosing  this  fact 
to  you,  the  pressure  of  his  blood  will  in- 
evitably be  increased." 

Dr.  Burns  said  that  she  was  certain  she 
could  take  a  witness  in  a  criminal  case  and 
find  out  absolutely  to  her  own  satisfaction 
whether  he  was  telling  the  truth  or  lying. 
However,  she  would  be  unwilling  to  give 
testimony  this  way  for  conviction.  Asked  if 
a  man  of  low  mentality  responded  differently 
in  the  pressure  of  his  blood  from  a  man  of 
higher  mentality,  Dr.  Burns  explained  that 
he  did,  yet  the  truth  and  the  lie  were  as 
easily  distinguishable  in  one  as  in  the  other. 

The  management  of  pneumonia,  scarlet 
fever,  and  typhoid  fever  with  technique 
was  discussed  by  E.  C.  Link,  D.  O.,  Stam- 
ford, Conn.;  G.  V.  Webster,  D.  O.,  Carth- 
age; J.  A.  De  Tienne,  D.  O.,  Brooklyn,  and 
J.  E.  Foster,  D.  O.,  Butler,  Penn.  "Osteo- 
pathy and  Acute  Conditions,"  was  the 
subject  of  a  paper  by  Dr.  George  M. 
Laughhn,  M.  S.  D.,  D.  O.,  of  the  American 
School  of  Osteopathy. 

These  were  elected  officers  of  the  so- 
ciety: W.  A.  Merkley,  D.  O.,  Brooklyn, 
President;  Louisa  Dieckmann,  D.  O.,  Buf- 
falo, Vice  President;  C.  M.  Bancroft,  D.  O., 
Canandaigua,  Secretary,  and  Cecil  Rogers, 
D.  O.,  New  York,  Treasurer. 


MEETING  OF  SAFETY  COUNCIL 
Chicago  Herald 

There  is  one  railroad  company  in  the 
United  States  that  has  solved  the  difficulty 
presented  by  boys  who  delight  in  "ffip- 
ping"  cars  and  "milling"  locomotive  tvu-n- 
tables  at  considerable  risk  to  life  and 
limbs. 

The  remedy?  Bribery,  nothing  less. 
Nicely  embossed  "Safety  First"  buttons, 
or,  as  a  last  and  never  failing  resort,  a 
swimming  pool  near  the  round-hoxise. 


This  revelation  of  latest  railroad  safety 
methods  was  made  yesterday  at  the  closing 
session  of  the  third  annual  congress  of  the 
national  council  for  industrial  safety  at  the 
Hotel  LaSalle,  by  W.  B.  Spaulding  of  St. 
Louis,  chairman  of  the  central  safety  com- 
mittee of  the  Frisco  System. 

"Every  railroad  has  trouble  with  boys 
who  'hop'  and  'flip'  trains  and  play  with 
the  turntables,"  said  he.  "I  am  glad  to  be 
able  to  report  that  the  Frisco  road  has 
solved  the  problem  with  success,  so  far  as  we 
are  concerned.  We  awarded  'Safety'  but- 
tons to  those  who  swore  off  on  these  juve- 
nile pastimes,  and  when  that  failed,  we  in- 
stalled swimming  pools  near  the  round- 
houses, under  railroad  supervision. 

"The  swimming  pool  never  has  failed 
to  work.  All  that  is  necessary  to  steer  a 
boy  away  from  dangerous  pastimes  is  to 
provide  a  sane  outlet  for  his  excess  energy," 

The  500  members  of  the  council,  rep- 
resenting more  than  1,000,000  working- 
men  throughout  the  United  States  and 
covering  almost  every  line  of  industrial 
endeavor,  unanimously  adopted  resolu- 
tions against  the  use  of  alcohol,  in  part  as 
follows: 

"It  is  recognized  that  the  use  of  alco- 
holic stimulants  is  productive  of  most  in- 
dustrial accidents  and  works  against  the 
safety  and  efficiency  of  workmen. 

"Therefore,  be  it  resolved.  That  it  is  the 
sense  of  this  congress  that  the  members 
pledge  themselves  to  the  elimination  of  the 
use  of  alcoholic  stimulants  among  the  em- 
ployes of  their  plants  and  factories." 

M.  A.  Dow,  general  safety  agent  of  the 
New  York  Central  lines,  thought  "the  pub- 
lic must  be  educated  to  believe  that  a  rail- 
road's safety  rules  are  for  their  benefit, 
rather  than  to  save  the  company  damage 
suits."  As  evidence  of  the  progress  of  the 
"safety  first"  propaganda,  he  cited  fig- 
ures of  his  company  showing  that  for  the 
year  ending  June  30, 1914,  there  had  been 
109  fewer  deaths  from  accidents  and  132 
fewer  injuries. 

The  inculcation  of  accident  prevention 
should  start  in  the  kindergarten  and  con- 
tinue through  high  school  and  college,  in  the 
opinion  of  Martin  J.  Insull,  vice  president 


INVESTIGATIONS,   LEGISLATION,   AND   MEETINGS        121 


of  the  Middle  West  Utilities  Company, 
Chicago. 

"The  public's  extravagant  disregard  for 
the  value  of  its  safety  is  shown  during  the 
automobile  season,  when  our  papers  con- 
stantly report  terrible  accidents  invariably 
caused  by  suicidal  carelessness,"  said  he. 

Melville  W.  Mix,  president  of  the  Dodge 
Manufacturing  Company,  Mishawaka, 
Ind.,  and  head  of  the  manufacturers'  bu- 
reau of  that  state,  placed  the  blame  for  75 
per  cent  of  factory  accidents  on  the  dis- 
interested and  indifferent  attitude  of  the 
employer  toward  his  employe. 

"Safety  first  is  not  a  philanthropic 
movement  on  the  part  of  employer  to  em- 
ploye," said  he.  "Safety  first  is  a  hard 
practicality  of  business  extension.  That 
seems  a  hard  statement,  but  it  is  not  with- 
out its  qualifications,  as  there  is  a  blood- 
and-soul  side  of  every  phase  of  business 
life. 

"We  see  wealthy  magnates  lay  fabulous 
sums  at  the  disposal  of  a  world  peace  tri- 
bunal, and  we  see  in  what  short  space  of 
time  the  martial  strength  of  a  continent 
may  apparently  forget  the  life-conserving 
principles  to  which  they  have  subscribed. 
Do  we  see  any  such  enthusiasm  in  the 
cause  of  commercial  or  industrial  safety? 
Is  the  blood  spilled  at  the  lathe,  the  forge, 
the  throttle  or  the  grade  crossing  less  red, 
less  valuable  than  that  shed  on  fields  of 
battle?" 


RAILWAY  COMMISSIONS' 
CONVENTION 

Madison  [Wis.]  Democrat 

WASHINGTON,  Nov.  17.  — "More 
deaths  are  caused  by  improper  ventilation 
of  train  coaches  and  waiting  rooms  than  by 
train  accidents." 

The  committee  on  railway  service  and 
railway  accommodations  so  reported  to  the 
annual  convention  of  the  national  associa- 
tion of  railway  commissions  today. 

"The  noxious  gases  that  fill  coaches, 
especially  sleeping  cars,  in  connection  with 
the  peculiar  character  of  dust  therein,  are 
most  conducive  to  germ  breeding  where 


proper  ventilation  is  lacking,"  the  com- 
mittee added. 

In  regard  to  the  lighting  of  railway 
coaches,  the  committee  said  that  this  prob- 
lem has  been  fairly  satisfactorily  solved  on 
the  trunk  lines,  but  that  on  many  branch 
lines  the  dingy,  dirty  oil  lamp  is  still  in 
evidence.  A  vigorous  campaign  against  this 
condition  is  recommended. 

Carelessness  in  providing  drinking  water 
at  stations  and  on  trains  is  noted,  and  it  is 
recommended  that  railroad  commissions 
abolish  the  stationary  water  cooler  and 
prescribe  a  cooler  with  a  portable  con- 
tainer. Uniform  methods  of  cleansing  such 
containers,  sanitary  methods  of  handling 
ice,  and  sanitary  drinking  cups,  to  be  pro- 
vided free  of  charge  for  the  public  are  also 
recommended  and  the  placing  of  ice  in  the 
receptacle  is  deprecated. 

The  failure  of  suburban  trains  to  arrive 
and  depart  on  time  is  the  cause  of  wide 
complaint,  says  the  committee.  Another 
source  of  complaint  is  the  lack  of  adequate 
service  on  Sundays.  The  committee  be- 
lieves that  at  least  one  train  should  operate 
in  each  direction  as  a  minimum  Sunday 
service. 

The  committee  recommends  the  elimina- 
tion of  the  practice  of  paying  freight  bills 
carrying  manifest  over  charges.  Delays  in 
handhng  and  setthng  claims  are  also  com- 
plained of,  and  the  committee  concludes 
that  the  best  means  of  minimizing  such 
delays  is  to  require  the  railroads  to  pay  in- 
terest on  the  true  claim  amount  from  the 
date  the  amount  of  the  claim  went  into 
their  hands. 

On  the  question  of  substitution  of  steel 
for  wooden  cars,  the  committee  recom- 
mends that  the  interstate  commerce  com- 
mission be  given  full  power  to  prescribe  the 
character  of  equipment  to  be  used  in  inter- 
state commerce. 


CLUB  VOTES  TO  DISBAND 
Ohio  State  Journal 

The  Social  Workers'  Club  is  dead. 
The  end  came  peacefully  at  10:10  last 
evening,  after  a  protracted  period  of  wast- 


122 


TYPES   OF   NEWS   WRITING 


ing  away.  The  immediate  friends  of  the  de- 
ceased were  present  at  the  last. 

While  a  divergency  of  opinion  existed 
among  those  called  in  to  treat  the  patient, 
a  majority  seemed  to  feel  that  the  demise 
was  due  to  malnutrition  and  faulty  assimila- 
tion. It  was  felt  that  the  Social  Workers' 
Club  had  failed  to  take  its  own  medicine — 
it  was  not  social. 

At  a  consultation  held  last  evening  at  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  30  persons  were  present.  They 
had  appeared  out  of  a  list  of  78  who  had 
been  advised  that  the  end  was  near.  The 
main  question  was  whether  digitalis  and 
oxj'gen  should  be  administered,  or  whether 
nature  should  be  allowed  to  take  its  apparent 
course,  unhindered.  On  a  roll  call  six  voted 
to  let  it  die.  Four  voted  for  resuscitation. 
The  remaining  20  did  not  care  enough  to 
vote,  or  were  animated  by  high  humani- 
tarian motives  which  forbade  holding  out 
hope  to  a  doomed  patient. 

The  Social  Workers'  Club  was  born 
about  five  years  ago.  It  was  a  healthy 
infant  at  first,  with  strong  pulse  and  regu- 
lar respiration,  and  took  nourishment  regu- 
larly once  a  month.  Social  ex-perts  from  all 
over  the  country  came  and  told  it  how  to 
get  along.  It  passed  through  its  second 
summer  and  teething  period  without  seri- 
ous disorder.  The  third  year  it  showed  a 
difficulty  in  digesting  all  that  it  heard. 
Under  treatment  this  disorder  did  not  dis- 
appear, but  seemed  rather  to  augment. 
A  series  of  special  dinners  drained  its  vital- 
ity to  the  lowest  ebb. 

One  of  the  reasons  advanced  for  this 
condition  last  night  was  that  the  family 
income  was  not  sufficient  to  support  the 
child  as  it  required,  two  other  children,  the 
Council  of  Churches  and  the  Philanthropic 
Council,  having  divided  the  natural  re- 
sources. 

Miss  Blanche  Green  prescribed  a  treat- 
ment of  play,  but  it  did  not  meet  with  gen- 
eral approval.  She  said  it  wasn't  Gowdy 
that  brought  people  down  town  last  night, 
but  just  a  desire  to  play.  She  confessed  to 
an  occasional  desire  for  a  game  of  mumbly- 
peg.  "Social  workers,  who  are  trying  to 
reform  the  world,  have  forgotten  how  to  be 
social,"  she  said. 


Rev.  H.  W.  March  was  inclined  to  the 
behef  that  the  treatment  had  been  regular 
and  academic  throughout.  He  thought  that 
if  the  patient  had  to  die,  no  criticism  could 
lie  against  those  who  attended  in  its  last 
hours.  Prof.  H.  R.  Horton  was  inclined  to 
adopt  the  Green  diagnosis,  but  thought  a 
return  to  the  treatment  administered  dur- 
ing the  first  two  years  might  prolong  Ufe. 

The  other  children,  the  Council  of 
Churches  and  the  Philanthropic  Council, 
survive,  and  kind-hearted  neighbors  will 
look  after  them  until  they  adjust  them- 
selves to  the  new  condition  of  things. 


OLD  CLOTHES  MEN'S  MEETING 
New  York  Sun 

Around  the  comer  from  the  weather- 
beaten  Church  of  the  Sea  and  Land  in 
Henry  street  yesterday  afternoon  there 
was  a  buzzing  of  voices  which  grew  in  time 
to  a  loud  and  angry  chorus  and  drew  all  the 
children  of  the  quarter.  The  children 
thought  there  was  a  fight,  but  the  police- 
man who  was  passing  the  time  of  day  with 
a  caf4  keeper  whose  name  ended  in  "opou- 
los,"  knew  better,  grinned  and  went  on 
about  his  business. 

The  old  clothes  dealers,  whose  profit  lies 
in  shambling  through  the  better  residence 
streets  in  the  early  morning  and  shattering 
the  quiet  with  their  singsong  appeals  for 
trade,  were  meeting  to  denounce  Gen. 
Bingham,  Commissioner  of  Pohce.  Since 
last  Monday,  when  the  police  muffled  the 
strident  voices  of  the  "cash-for-clo"'  men 
as  a  consequence  of  his  belief  that  there  was 
entirely  too  much  unnecessary  noise  in  this 
to-v\Ti,  the  dealers  have  accumulated  bit- 
terness in  their  insides. 

Therefore  j^esterday  afternoon  in  the 
hall  at  49  Henry  street  they  howled  their 
woes  against  the  walls  and  let  out  pent  up 
sounds.  Principally,  it  appeared,  their 
wTath  was  directed  against  the  Pohce 
Commissioner.  He  was  a  tyrant.  He  was  a 
czar.  He  was  several  distinct  and  whoUy 
different  kinds  of  things  which  could  only 
be  expressed  in  Yiddish.  English  was  quite 
unequal  to  their  necessities.  But  the  aris- 


INVESTIGATIONS,   LEGISLATION,   AND   MEETINGS        123 


tocrats  of  their  trade  who  gabble  at  the 
comer  of  Bayard  and  Elizabeth  streets 
came  in  for  full  scorn.  Why  were  these  al- 
lowed to  buy  and  sell  with  appropriate 
outcries  and  calls  when  the  itinerant  pedlers 
were  muzzled  by  the  law? 

At  Bayard  and  Elizabeth  streets  is  the 
great  old  clothes  exchange  of  New  York 
city — of  the  whole  country,  for  that  mat- 
ter— where  any  day  in  the  week  you  will 
find  in  the  open  street  several  hundred 
old  and  bearded  men,  with  green  frock 
coats  that  sweep  to  their  knees,  deaUng  in 
cast  oflf  garments  and  shoes.  The  Jewish 
women  of  the  East  Side,  thrifty  souls,  go 
there  to  trade  cloth,  ironware,  dishes,  rib- 
bons, anything  they  can  spare,  for  hats  or 
coats  or  trousers  or  shoes  that  their  men 
might  wear.  Old  clothes  brokers  from  the 
South — as  far  south  as  Atlanta — haggle 
with  the  dealers  of  the  East  Side,  and  take 
back  to  their  homes  great  packs  of  clothes 
bought  cheap  in  money,  dear  in  words. 

It  was  the  complaint  of  the  Old  Clothes 
Dealers'  Protective  Association,  the  itin- 
erant pedlers,  that  the  poUce  mandate 
against  noise  has  not  been  applied  to  the 
market  place  at  Bayard  and  Elizabeth 
streets. 

The  voice  of  Ikey  Cohen,  veteran 
hawker,  rumbled  toward  old  Jacob  Jahr, 
president  of  the  association,  who  sat  high 
on  the  rostrum,  high  hat  over  his  ears, 
pulling  at  his  gray  streaked  beard,  and  lost 
itself  in  the  recesses  behind  a  great  seven 
branched  candlestick. 

"No  more  I  must  gif  my  calls,"  he  com- 
plained with  outspread  hands.  "  If  so  much 
as  I  gry,  'Gaaaa-ssh!  01'  Clo's.  Gaaaa- 
ssh!'  a  bolisman  he  koms  from  Bingham 
and  grabs  my  arm  by  him  and  he  says, 
'  Gut  id  owid!  If  you  make  a  holler  you'll  be 
peenched ! " '  [Applause .  ] 

And  all  around  the  long  room,  a  place  of 
prayer  and  meditation  on  the  Jewish  Sab- 
bath, the  men  nodded  their  heads  solemnly 
grunting  in  their  beards,  saying  in  Yid- 
dish: 

"  Truly,  that  is  the  way  we  have  found  it. 
How  is  a  citizen  to  prosper  in  these  days, 
I  ask  you,  my  friend?" 

Old  Louis  Stein,  pedler  for  twenty-five 


years,  and  reputed  to  be  rich,  orated  in 
English  after  his  own  fashion. 

"  Der  city  it  owes  us  a  liffing?  Say  you 
so?  Veil,  then.  How  vill  beoples  know  vat 
we  vant  unless  ve  make  cries?  Uddervise, 
ve  might  as  well  chump  in  der  river!  Ledt 
us  write  to  Bresident  Roosevelt!  He  vill 
tell  Mister  Bingham  [very  scornfully  was 
this  said]  where  to  make  a  gedt  off!"  [More 
applause  and  a  great  stamping  on  the 
floor.] 

Along  toward  evening,  when  the  meeting 
of  the  400  old  clothes  pedlers  had  run  for 
three  hours,  and  nearly  everybody  had  had 
a  say,  most  of  them  comparing  New  York 
to  St.  Petersburg,  the  advantage  lying  en- 
tirely with  the  latter  capital,  they  decided 
to  send  a  delegation  to  Commissioner 
Bingham  to-day  to  beg  that  they  be  per- 
mitted once  more  to  seek  trade  with  their 
tongues.  They  agreed  among  themselves 
to  call  very  softly,  only  twice  or  three  times 
in  any  street,  if  the  General  would  permit 
them  to  open  their  mouths.  Also,  they  in- 
tend to  ask  that  the  permanent  exchange 
at  Bayard  and  Elizabeth  streets  be  muffled 
if  they  are  to  be  kept  quiet. 

The  House  and  Wagon  Pedlers'  Asso- 
ciation, which  takes  in  all  the  fruit  and 
vegetable  venders,  met  last  night  at  304 
East  101st  street  and  decided  to  send  a 
committee  of  their  own  to  the  Commis- 
sioner. They,  as  well  as  the  old  clothes 
merchants,  said  that  business  has  fallen 
off  at  least  50  per  cent,  since  the  anti-noise 
order  was  put  into  effect. 


FRIENDS'  ANNUAL  MEETING 

New  York  Evening  Post 

"If  it  does  not  seem  like  hurrying  our 
business,"  said  the  clerk  of  the  meeting, 
"we  will  now  hear  read  the  letter  from  the 
Philadelphia  Meeting."  And  the  soft  still- 
ness of  the  Yearly  Meeting  in  the  old 
Friends'  Meeting  House  on  Fifteenth 
Street,  softened  into  even  greater  stillness 
and  quiet,  to  listen.  The  voice  of  the  clerk, 
his  grave,  slow  courtesy,  and  his  wish  for  no 
unseemly  haste,  were  in  perfect  blending 
with  the  old,  buff  room  Lighted  only  through 


124 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


the  great,  square-paned  windows  below  and 
above  the  gallery,  through  which  the  green 
of  the  old  trees  in  the  yard  could  be  seen,  in 
perfect  harmony  with  the  gentle,  kiadly, 
gracious  spirit  of  the  people  gathered  there, 
for  communion  with  one  another. 

"  Let  us  miss  no  opportunity  of  express- 
ing the  love  we  feel  one  for  another,  one 
for  another,"  said  one  of  the  eight  women 
who  sat  on  the  facing  seats,  an  old  lady 
with  silvery  hair  under  her  black  bonnet. 
The  words,  "one  for  another"  might  have 
been  the  text  of  the  morning,  not  alone  of 
the  woman  who  first  spoke  them,  but  of  all 
the  words  which  were  said. 

Another  woman  spoke.  She  was  an  Eng- 
lish woman  who,  with  her  husband,  rep- 
resented the  London  Meeting.  "Why  do 
we  not  have  a  crusade  for  love?"  she  asked. 
"War  goes  on,  and  we  do  nothing  about  it. 
If  this  love  which  we  have  in  our  hearts 
could  be  irradiated  about  the  world,  war 
could  not  be  possible.  Thoughts  of  love,  if 
sent  out  by  us  steadily  and  consistently, 
must  reach  to  the  ends  of  the  earth,  as  the 
ripples  which  a  stone  makes  in  a  pool." 

But  the  war  was  little  touched  upon. 
That,  with  almost  all  of  the  more  impor- 
tant business  of  the  meeting,  will  be  taken 
up  in  the  later  meetings  this  afternoon,  to- 
night, Wednesday  afternoon,  and  Tuesday, 
Wednesday,  and  Thursday  evenings.  This 
morning  was  held  apart  almost  entirely  for 
the  text  "One  for  another." 

It  could  almost  have  been  a  coimtry 
meeting.  The  old,  square,  red-brick  build- 
ing on  15th  Street  hears  little  of  the  noise 
of  the  city.  This  morning  there  was  little 
sound  but  the  stirring  of  raindrops  on  the 
panes.  And  the  unhurried,  quiet  time  was 
given  up  to  greetings  and  welcomes,  mes- 
sages to  those  who  could  not  come,  the 
reading  of  messages  from  Friends  in  other 
places,  and  slow  emphasis  on  the  kindly 
details  of  their  fellowship  one  for  another. 

The  meeting  was  opened  when  the  eight 
women  and  the  five  men  had  taken  their 
places  on  the  facing  seats  and  exchanged 
their  silent  handclasps,  with  which  also 
the  meeting  closes.  They  were,  truly,  the 
elders  of  this  house,  the  ones  who  can  re- 
member farthest  back  into  the  times  when 


all  the  women,  and  not  just  three  or  four, 
wore  close  Quaker  bonnets.  A  tiny  woman 
in  gray  rose  twice  from  her  facing  place  to 
confirm  what  had  been  said.  Some  one  had 
greeted  the  members  of  the  London  Meet- 
ing and  recalled  her  own  warm  welcome  at 
that  meeting  many  years  ago.  The  little 
old  woman  rose  swiftly,  and,  looking  down 
at  the  Enghsh  people,  said,  with  infinite 
dignity  and  sweetness  in  her  voice,  "We 
are  very  glad  to  have  these  Friends  with 
us.  I  also  remember  the  very  cordial  wel- 
come I  received  from  the  London  Meeting." 
The  very  slow,  quiet  words  had  the  sound 
of  deep  ceremony,  of  the  conferring  of  great 
and  unforgettable  honor  upon  these  visitors 
from  another  country. 

There  was  a  prayer  for  strength  "to 
partake  of  Thy  Spirit,"  a  poem  read  which 
said,  "Has  the  Gospel  of  Peace  then  failed 
us.  That  such  a  thing  can  be?"  and  many 
suggestions  concerning  appreciations,  sym- 
pathies, letters,  to  be  sent.  Resolutions, 
called  minutes,  were  gently  put,  and  a  soft 
voice  would  come  from  somewhere,  saying, 
"I  should  approve  that,"  followed  by  a 
chorus  of  "So  should  I." 

In  the  Gymnasium  are  the  old  books, 
the  record  of  the  things  which  the  oldest 
Friends  remember,  and  of  things  which 
happened  so  far  back  in  the  j^ears  that  May 
was  spoken  of  as  Third  Month  instead  of 
Fifth.  This  was  in  the  oldest  book  of  them 
all,  unbound  until  recently,  with  yellowed, 
stained,  finely  written  pages,  the  "Paper  of 
Advice"  sent  by  George  Fox  to  the  Quakers 
of  Long  Island.  It  was  brought  there  by 
John  Burnyeat  on  the  twenty-ninth  day 
of  the  then  third  month,  1671.  Records  of 
aU  births,  deaths,  marriages,  removals, 
are  here  since  1672,  long  before  other  de- 
nominations or  governments  began  to  keep 
such  close  watch  of  statistics.  For  birth- 
right membership  is  the  very  basis  of  the 
old  faith,  the  heritage  which  comes  down 
from  father  to  son  through  the  centuries 
and  which  keeps  the  bonds  so  close  that 
bind  the  families  and  the  friends  of  Friends, 
one  to  another. 

Out  in  the  meeting-room,  with  the  sight 
of  the  leaves  and  a  red  brick  wall  outside 
the  high  windows,  there  is  little  to  make 


INVESTIGATIONS,   LEGISLATION,   AND   MEETINGS        125 


one  know  that  the  old  yellow  leaves  were 
written  so  very  long  ago,  after  all.  Per- 
haps in  those  old  days  there  were  no  white 
and  purple  lilacs  in  the  front  of  the  room 
to  nod  and  drowse  and  sweeten  through  the 
long  hours.  Perhaps  then  there  was  not  so 
much  true  kindliness  as  has  come  with  the 
years  of  Friendliness.  To-day,  when  one  of 


the  oldest  women  rises  from  her  place  to 
speak,  an  old  man  says  gently,  "Eliza- 
beth, thee  need  not  rise  to  speak  unless  thee 
prefer."  He  might  not  have  done  that  in 
the  old  days,  but  surely  her  answer  would 
have  been  the  same,  "  Thank  thee,  Charles, 
but  I  prefer  to  stand  when  I  speak,"  with 
just  a  hint  of  reproof  in  her  tone. 


CHAPTER  VII 

SPEECHES,    INTERVIEWS,    AND   REPORTS 

Type  of  story.  Speeches,  lectures,  addresses,  and  sermons  may  be  con- 
sidered in  the  same  class  with  inter\'iews  and  reports,  because  all  are  alike 
in  being  some  form  of  utterance.  Hence  news  stories  of  them  consist  largely 
of  reproductions  of  the  words  and  ideas  of  some  person.  A  speech  and  a 
report  differ  only  in  the  fact  that  one  is  spoken  and  the  other  is  written. 
An  interview,  likewise,  may  be  regarded  as  an  informal  address  delivered 
to  an  audience  of  one.  When  an  interview  is  given  in  question  and  answer 
form,  it  resembles  cross-examination  in  a  court  story  more  than  it  does  a 
speech. 

As  reproductions  of  utterances,  news  stories  of  speeches  and  reports  must 
be  largely  informative.  Except  for  an  occasional  opportunity  to  describe 
the  speaker  or  the  audience,  they  offer  practically  no  field  for  human  interest 
development.  In  interviews,  on  the  other  hand,  it  is  possible  to  bring  out 
the  human  interest  element  in  portraying  the  character  and  personality  of 
the  person  interviewed  (cf.  "Interview,"  p.  135).  Otherwise  interviews,  hke 
speeches  and  reports,  are  largely  informative  (cf.  "Interview  with  Official," 
p.  133). 

Purpose.  To  reproduce  as  accurately  as  possible  the  ideas  expressed  by  a 
speaker,  by  a  person  interviewed,  or  by  the  author  of  a  report  is  obviously 
the  only  object  in  writing  a  news  story  dealing  with  such  material.  Four 
common  faults  that  endanger  the  accuracy  of  news  stories  of  this  type  are 
carelessness  in  taking  down  what  is  said,  the  pla3dng  up  of  statements  that 
taken  from  their  context  are  misleading,  unintentional  distortion  due  to 
giving  disproportionate  space  or  emphasis  to  some  points,  and  misrepresenta- 
tion because  of  political  partisanship  or  other  bias.  All  quotation,  direct  or 
indirect,  should  be  accurate  not  only  in  substance  and  form  but  also  in 
spirit.  A  statement  taken  verbatim  from  a  speech,  interview,  or  report,  may 
be  played  up  in  the  lead  in  such  a  way  that  it  does  not  give  the  actual  thought 
or  purpose  of  the  original.  By  confining  his  news  story  to  only  one  or  two 
phases  of  the  subject  discussed,  a  writer  often  gives  an  erroneous  impression 
of  the  whole  speech.  Distortion  and  suppression  of  speeches,  interviews,  or 
reports  because  of  pohtical  or  other  bias  is  indefensible. 


SPEECHES,   INTERVIEWS,   AND   REPORTS 


127 


Treatment.  Since  news  stories  of  this  class  must  consist  largely  of  direct 
and  indirect  quotation  from  an  utterance,  the  problem  of  presenting  news 
of  this  kind  is  usually  that  of  condensing,  summarizing,  and  combining  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  available  material  into  a  unified,  coherent  whole.  This 
requires  effort  and  skill. 

In  writing  up  interviews  and  speeches  the  reporter  has  a  chance  to  por- 
tray clearly  and  attractively  the  speaker  and  the  circumstances,  thus  stimu- 
lating the  reader's  interest  in  the  utterance  (cf.  ''Interview,"  p.  136).  As 
the  purpose  of  an  interview  is  to  present  the  ideas  of  the  person  interviewed, 
the  reporter's  questions,  which  are  a  necessary  means  of  obtaining  an  ex- 
pression of  these  ideas,  are  suppressed  in  many  stories.  In  other  stories,  the 
questions  are  embodied  in  the  answers  or  are  repeated  by  the  person  inter- 
viewed. There  is  a  growing  tendency,  particularly  in  signed  stories  of  inter- 
views, to  give  the  reporter's  questions. 


SPEECH 

Kansas  City  Star 

Switzerland  is  a  haven  of  peace  in  a 
weary  waste  of  war.  Why?  Charles  H. 
Grasty  answered  that  question  Wednes- 
day in  his  address  before  the  City  Club. 
It  is  because  Switzerland,  a  valorous  David, 
inspires  respect  from  the  Goliaths  that 
surround  the  little  republic.  And  Switzer- 
land has  said  that  it  would  defend  its  neu- 
trality with  all  its  strength. 

Switzerland  is  the  best  equipped  for 
fighting — size  considered — of  all  the  na- 
tions. Every  man  from  20  to  48  is  a  trained 
soldier.  Those  who  are  unable  physically 
to  qualify  are  formed  into  trade  and  pro- 
fessional groups  and  are  available  for  sup- 
plementing the  work  of  the  army. 

The  system  is  compulsory,  but  it  is  also 
a  voluntary  system,  since  it  was  installed 
by  the  direct  vote.  The  people  of  Switzer- 
land decided  that  they  were  free  citizens 
of  a  free  republic,  and  that  it  was  their 
duty  to  keep  it  a  free  country.  Every  man 
is  more  than  willing  to  do  his  bit,  and  the 
service  is  held  in  such  high  respect  that 
bankrupts  and  criminals  are  denied  the 
privilege  of  taking  part  in  the  national 
defense.  Instead,  they  are  required  to  pay 
a  special  tax  in  lieu  of  service. 


It  is  surprising  how  little  time  each  man 
is  required  to  contribute  to  the  army.  He 
enlists  at  20,  and  that  year  he  spends  from 
sixty  to  ninety  days  in  training,  according 
to  the  branch  of  the  service  to  which  he  is 
attached. 

From  then  on  he  spends  two  weeks  a 
year,  for  a  period  of  years,  in  brushing  up 
the  military  knowledge  he  gained  and  in 
acquiring  new  training.  That  is  all.  There 
is  no  rigid  system  that  compels  him  to 
give  up  from  two  to  five  of  his  most  fruit- 
ful years  to  service  with  the  colors.  It's 
a  free  man's  system,  conducted  by  free 
men. 

The  system  begins  in  the  public  schools, 
where  every  boy  is  compelled  to  take  ath- 
letic training.  Several  hours  a  week  are 
spent  teaching  the  youngsters  military  sub- 
jects, so  that  when  the  boy  reaches  his 
twentieth  year  he  is  a  piece  of  fine  timber. 
His  body  is  strong,  and  he  has  some  knowl- 
edge of  what  discipline  means.  Every  boy 
gets  the  preliminary  training,  even  in  the 
private  schools. 

At  20  he  enUsts  in  the  "elite"  or  first 
line.  For  two  or  three  months  he  receives 
intensive  training.  They  make  real  work  of 
it  while  it  lasts,  but  they  are  over  with  it 
quickly. 

The  rudiments  of  military  life  are  drilled 


128 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


into  the  new  recruits  without  any  waste  of 
time  or  money. 

Soldiers  and  corporals,  after  the  first 
year,  go  back  every  year  for  two  weeks' 
training  until  they  are  27  years  old,  and 
then  they  are  through,  except  for  a  final 
training  trip  when  they  enter  the  second 
line  division,  which  begins  at  the  age  of  33. 
Noncommissioned  officers  and  subalterns 
go  back  every  year  during  their  first  line 
service,  and  once  every  four  years  in  the 
second  line  service,  which  lasts  until  the 
age  of  41.  From  41  to  48  years  is  the  age 
division  for  the  third  Une. 

Officers  are  not  appointed  through  civil 
authorities  but  are  selected  for  merit  and 
by  examination  after  they  have  completed 
the  special  courses  offered  by  the  govern- 
ment for  those  who  desire  commissions. 
The  officers  give  more  time  to  their  studies 
than  the  privates,  and  they  assemble  quite 
often  for  war  games  and  tactical  discus- 
sions. 

That  is  aU  there  is  to  the  system.  There 
is  no  standing  army,  no  military  class,  no 
terrible  burdens  of  taxation.  There  is  a 
general  staff,  a  few  officers  to  look  after  the 
detaUs  of  recruiting  and  a  number  of  in- 
structors— less  than  two  thousand  men  in 
all  who  are  connected  permanently  with 
the  army. 

Yet  in  1912  a  fighting  force  of  490,430 
men  was  available  out  of  a  total  popula- 
tion of  4  million.  The  expense  of  the  whole 
system  that  year  was  $8,229,941,  or  $16.77 
a  man. 

In  the  United  States  in  1913  94  miUion 
dollars  was  spent  on  the  army — ten  times 
and  more  above  what  Switzerland  spent 
— and  all  it  paid  for  was  a  scant  ninety 
thousand  fighting  men.  An  army  less  than 
one-fifth  as  large  as  Switzerland's  cost  more 
than  ten  times  as  much. 

As  an  economic  proposition  it  would  ap- 
pear that  compulsory  service  was  a  better 
bargain  in  defense  than  the  American  sys- 
tem as  it  exists  today. 

The  strong  point  of  the  Swiss  system  is 
that  it  renders  every  man  available  for 
defense  without  imposing  a  burdensome 
tax  on  the  country.  The  Swiss  citizen  be- 
comes an  actual,  tangible  part  of  his  coun- 


try. He  takes  pride  in  the  citizen  army,  and 
in  many  cases  the  government  fosters  semi- 
official societies  that  aim  to  give  additional 
training  to  those  who  care  for  it. 

The  beautiful  thing  about  the  Swiss 
plan  is  that  it  works.  Surrounded  by 
thundering  cannon,  Switzerland  is  at 
peace. 


Note  —  Following  the  lead  given  below  was 
a  verbatim  report  of  the  speech. 

SPEECH 

New  York  Times 

Strict  neutrality,  extreme  caution  in  the 
publication  of  unconfirmed  news,  and 
"America  first"  were  the  keynotes  of  a 
speech  by  President  Wilson  that  aroused 
great  enthusiasm  among  newspaper  editors 
and  publishers  from  all  parts  of  the  country 
at  the  limcheon  of  The  Associated  Press  at 
the  Waldorf-Astoria  yesterday. 

Each  telling  point  the  President  made  in 
his  speech,  every  word  of  which  he  seemed 
to  weigh  before  uttering,  was  applauded 
by  the  audience  of  more  than  300  at  the 
tables  and  by  a  gallery  of  about  100  men 
and  women. 

The  importance  attached  to  his  clear 
statement  of  the  neutrality  policy  of  his 
Administration  was  reflected  in  a  request 
made  by  Melville  E.  Stone,  Secretary  and 
General  Manager  of  The  Associated  Press, 
just  before  the  Chief  Magistrate  was  in- 
troduced, that  all  newspaper  reports  of  the 
President's  speech  be  based  on  the  ver- 
batim copy  to  be  taken  by  a  stenographer 
and  supplied  to  all  of  the  newspapers  and 
news-gathering  associations  represented. 

Frank  B.  Noyes  of  The  Washington 
Star,  President  of  The  Associated  Press, 
praised  President  Wilson's  masterful  main- 
taining of  true  neutrality,  and  said  that  the 
President  had  borne  his  great  responsi- 
bility nobly.  The  applause  that  the  lauda- 
tory remarks  received  would  have  done 
justice  to  a  Democratic  Nominating  Con- 
vention. All  arose  and  drank  a  toast  to  the 
President,  and  arose  again  when  the  or- 
chestra  struck   up    "The   Star-Spangled 


SPEECHES,    INTERVIEWS,   AND   REPORTS 


129 


Banner,"  and  again  when  the  President 
stood  up  to  speak. 

In  introducing  President  Wilson,  the 
guest  of  honor,  Mr.  Noyes  made  brief 
reference  to  the  scope  of  The  Associated 
Press,  saying  he  beheved  that,  in  scope  and 
importance,  it  was  "the  greatest  co-opera- 
tive non-profit  making  organization  in  the 
world."  Its  function,  he  said,  was  to  fur- 
nish its  members  a  service  of  world  news 
untainted  and  without  bias  of  any  sort. 

"To  insure  this,"  he  said,  "we  have 
formed  an  organization  that  is  owned  and 
controlled  by  its  members,  and  by  them 
alone;  one  that  is  our  servant  and  not  our 
master.  So  we  are  here  today,  Democrats 
and  Republicans;  Protestants,  Catholics, 
and  Jews;  Conservatives  and  Radicals, 
Wets  and  Drys;  differing  on  every  subject 
on  which  men  differ,  but  all  at  one  in  de- 
manding that,  so  far  as  is  humanly  possible, 
no  trace  of  partisanship  and  no  hint  of  prop- 
aganda shall  be  found  in  our  news  reports. 

"Because  of  its  traditions  and  its  code, 
and  perhaps  also  because  of  the  never 
ceasing  watchfulness  of  900  members,  it 
has  come  to  pass  that  few  people  on  earth 
are  capable  of  giving  the  management  of 
The  Associated  Press  any  points  on  main- 
taining a  strict,  though  benevolent,  neu- 
trality on  all  questions  on  which  we  can 
be  neutral  and  still  be  what  we  are- 
loyal  Americans.  We  know,  too — none 
better — that  the  genuine  neutral,  the 
honest  neutral,  is  always  the  target  of 
every  partisan,  and  we  find  some  solace 
in  the  fact  that  this  is  now  being  demon- 
strated to  the  world  at  large. 

"Today,  however,  we  willingly  lower 
our  crest  to  one  who  has  demonstrated  in 
these  agonizing  times  his  mastership  of 
the  principles  of  true  neutrality,  and  who, 
fully  realizing  the  dreadful  consequences  of 
any  departure  from  these  principles,  has 
nobly  borne  his  terrible  burden  of  respons- 
ibility in  guarding  the  peace,  the  welfare, 
and  the  dignity  of  our  common  country. 

"Our  distinguished  guest,  who  so  honors 
us  today,  may  surely  know  that  in  the  per- 
plexities and  trials  of  these  days,  so  black 
for  humanity,  he  has  our  thorough,  loyal, 
and  affectionate  support. 


"God  grant  him  success  in  his  high  aims 
for  the  peaceful  progress  of  the  people  of 
the  United  States." 

After  the  toast  and  cheers  and  hand- 
clapping,  the  Grand  Ballroom  became 
silent  as  the  President  began  speaking. 


SPEECH 


Madison  [Wis.]  Democrat 

WASHINGTON,  Dec.  31.— The  place 
of  united  pan-America  in  the  situation 
which  will  confront  the  world  at  the  end  of 
the  European  war  was  pictured  to  the  Pan- 
American  Scientific  Congress  today  by 
Director  General  John  Barrett  of  the  Pan- 
American  union. 

The  delegates  were  electrified  by  his  predic  - 
tion  of  an  evolution  of  the  Monroe  doctrine 
into  a  pan- American  doctrine  for  a  mutual 
defense  against  aggression  from  overseas. 

He  defined  such  a  doctrine  as  meaning 
"that  the  Latin- American  republics,  in  the 
event  that  the  United  States  were  attacked 
by  a  foreign  foe,  would,  with  all  their  phys- 
ical and  moral  force,  stand  for  the  protec- 
tion and  sovereignty  of  the  United  States 
just  as  quickly  as  the  United  States  under 
corresponding  circumstances  would  stand 
for  their  integrity  and  sovereignty." 

Wherever  the  pan-American  delegates 
gathered  the  director  general's  declaration 
was  discussed  with  the  greatest  interest  and 
it  was  regarded  generally  as  one  of  the  out- 
standing events  of  the  congress,  pointing 
the  way  to  a  new  pan-American  unity. 

"Both  victor  and  vanquished  in  the 
European  war  will  be  hostile  to  America 
at  the  close  of  hostilities,"  said  he.  "The 
former  will  say  it  won  in  spite  of  the  atti- 
tude of  the  United  States  and  the  other 
American  republics,  and  the  latter  will  say 
it  lost  because  of  the  attitude  of  the  United 
States  and  its  sister  republics. 

"In  the  mind  of  everybody  interested  in 
pan- Americanism  is  the  question,  'What 
is  going  to  happen  to  pan- America  when 
this  war  is  over?'  Immediately  there  is 
the  reply:  'The  American  republics  must 
stand  together  for  the  eventualities  that 
may  possibly  develop.' 


I30 


TYPES  OF  NEWS  WRITING 


"While  everyone  would  deplore  any 
agitation  or  suggestion  that  a  European 
nation  or  a  group  of  European  nations  fol- 
lowing this  struggle  should  undertake  any 
territorial  aggrandizement  in  the  western 
hemisphere,  or  in  any  way  take  action  that 
would  contravene  the  Monroe  doctrine,  it 
must  be  borne  in  mind,  and  cannot  be  for 
a  moment  overlooked,  that  whatever  way 
this  war  results  there  may  be  little  or  no 
love  for  the  United  States  and  the  other 
nations  which  form  pan-America. 

"No  matter,  therefore,  how  just  and  fair 
the  nations  of  America  have  been  in  their 
efforts  to  preserve  their  neutrality  and  in 
no  way  interfere  on  either  side  of  this  con- 
flict, the  war  passions  and  the  war  power  of 
the  peoples  and  the  governments  of  the 
victorious  group  of  nations  may  force  a 
policy  toward  pan-Americanism,  toward 
the  Monroe  doctrine,  and  toward  their 
relationship  with  individual  countries  of 
the  western  hemisphere  which  will  demand 
absolute  solidarity  of  action  on  the  part  of 
the  American  republics  to  preserve  their 
very  integrity." 


SPEECH  BY  THE  PRESIDENT 
Kansas  City  Star 

Indianapolis,  Jan.  8. — Half  playfully, 
half  earnestly,  President  Wilson  told  three 
thousand  people  at  Richmond,  Ind.,  this 
afternoon  that  this  nation  is  heeding  what 
is  "none  of  j^our  business" — Europe's  af- 
fairs. In  place  of  this,  he  counseled  serious 
deliberation  on  America's  business,  its  fu- 
ture and  its  part  in  the  betterment  of 
mankind.  The  nation,  he  said,  must  main- 
tain its  equilibrium;  it  must  face,  too,  the 
problem  of  the  future  now  that  the  ad- 
ministration has  endeavored  to  break  the 
shackles  on  American  business. 

The  President  said:  — 

"You  know  I  have  been  confined  for  a 
couple  of  years  at  hard  labor  and  am  out 
on  parole  for  a  day  or  two,  but  I  want  to 
say  this,  my  fellow  citizens,  that  it  is  very 
genuine  pleasure  to  me  to  get  abroad  again 
and  stir  among  the  people  I  so  dearly  love. 

"Because  the  one    thing  we    have   to 


think  about  down  in  Washington  is  the  best 
thing  to  do  for  you  and  the  thing  that  you 
want  us  to  do  for  you,  and  that  is  a  mighty 
hard  thing  to  find  out,  particularly  when 
you  are  not  thinking  about  your  own  affairs 
and  are  constantly  thinking  about  what  is 
none  of  your  business,  namely,  what  is 
going  on  on  the  other  side  of  the  water.  I 
say  that  in  playfulness,  but  I  mean  it  half 
in  earnest. 

"  It  does  not  do,  my  friends,  to  divert  our 
attention  from  the  affairs  of  this  great 
country. 

"The  duty  which  this  country  has  to 
perform  to  the  rest  of  the  world  largely  de- 
pends upon  the  way  in  which  it  performs 
its  duty  to  itself. 

"I  have  always  thought  with  regard  to 
individuals  that  if  a  man  was  true  to  him- 
self, he  would  then  be  true  to  other  persons; 
and  I  believe  that  that  applies  to  a  great 
country  like  ours,  that  a  nation  that  is 
habitually  true  to  its  own  exalted  principles 
of  action  will  know  how  to  serve  the  rest  of 
mankind  when  the  opportunity  offers.  That 
is  a  very  deep  philosophy  of  life  which  it  is 
very  thoroughly  worth  while  living  up  to. 

"We  have  been  trying  at  Washington 
to  remove  some  of  the  shackles  that  have 
been  put  upon  American  business;  but 
after  j^ou  have  removed  the  shackles  you 
must  determine  what  you  are  going  to  do 
with  your  liberty.  And  there  are  many 
tasks  to  perform  for  mankind.  There  are 
many  things  to  be  bettered  in  this  world 
which  we  must  set  ourselves  to  make  bet- 
ter. So  what  I  want  to  say  to  you  now  is 
merely  this: 

"  Let  us  seek  sober,  common  counsel 
about  our  own  affairs,  and  then  when  the 
time  comes,  when  we  can  act  upon  a  larger 
field,  there  will  be  no  mistake  as  to  what 
America  will  do  for  the  peace  of  the  world, 
having  found  her  own  peace  and  having 
established  justice  in  her  own  mind." 


ADDRESS 
Chicago  Tribune 

For  many  years  Glencoe  boasted  a  won- 
derful spring  of  pure  water  gushing  from 


SPEECHES,   INTERVIEWS,   AND   REPORTS 


131 


a  bluff  and  running  in  crystalline  beauty- 
down  to  the  lake.  The  spring  was  con- 
stant even  in  the  dryest  seasons.  It  always 
ran  a  generous,  spirited  stream,  clear  and 
cold.  Then  along  came  the  village  man- 
ager, a  new  official  in  the  new  order  of 
things — H.  H.  Sherer,  appointed  to  put 
the  affairs  of  the  suburb  on  a  business 
basis. 

In  a  curious  moment  Mr.  Sherer  shut 
off  the  water  in  the  mains.  Then  he  went 
back  to  the  "spring"  and  awaited  results. 
In  forty  minutes  the  perpetual  spring 
ceased  to  flow. 

Glencoe  had  been  paying  7  cents  a  thou- 
sand gallons  to  pump  the  water  that  ran 
off  into  the  lake  night  and  day  the  year 
around. 

The  story  of  the  spring  was  a  part  of 
Mr.  Sherer's  address  last  night  before  the 
Wilmette  Civic  association.  He  explained 
the  work  of  village  management  as  a  busi- 
ness enterprise  and  told  of  important  sav- 
ings gained. 


LECTURE 

New  York  Herald 

"I  don't  believe  in  the  public  cooking  of 
milk,  or  in  the  public  cooking  of  anything 
else  to  be  used  in  the  home,"  said  Dr. 
Thomas  Darlington,  formerly  Commis- 
sioner of  Health  in  this  city,  during  an  il- 
lustrated lecture  last  night  at  the  head- 
quarters of  the  Agora,  a  civic  association 
which  is  a  branch  of  the  John  F.  Curry 
Association,  at  No.  413  West  Fifty- 
seventh  street. 

Unsanitary  conditions  under  which  milk 
was  detected  being  brought  into  this  city 
during  his  administration  of  the  Health 
Department  were  described  and  shown  in 
detail  by  Dr.  Darlington,  as  well  as  the 
conditions  under  which  the  milk  is  pas- 
teurized in  up-State  and  local  dairies. 

"Pasteurization  may  be  good,  but  per- 
sonally I  do  not  believe  in  it,"  he  said. 
"The  object  of  pasteurization  is  the  de- 
struction of  bacteria  which  it  may  contain 
by  a  process  of  heating  the  milk  to  from 
140  to  160  degrees.  It  is  not  a  process  of 


boiling,  but  merely  of  bringing  the  milk  to 
a  percentage  of  heat  at  which  the  bacteria 
will  be  destroyed. 

"In  my  opinion  the  home  and  not  a  pub- 
lic place  is  for  the  cooking  of  food  products 
which  are  to  be  used  in  the  home.  It  can 
and  should  be  done  just  as  well  there  as  in 
any  other  place." 

An  absolutely  perfect  milk  supply  is  im- 
possible in  this  city,  according  to  Dr.  Darl- 
ington, at  a  retail  price  of  less  than  twenty 
cents  a  quart.  To  add  to  this  the  cost  of 
pasteurization,  he  said,  would  raise  the 
price  still  higher. 

He  pointed  out  that  the  excessive  cost 
of  production  under  conditions  that  would 
result  in  absolutely  pure  milk  would  make 
the  retail  price  almost  prohibitive. 


LECTURE 

St.  Louis  Globe-Democrat 

WASHINGTON,  February  6.— Telling 
of  times  when  dog  meat — and  the  meat  of 
starved-to-death  dogs  at  that  —  tasted 
better  than  any  porterhouse  steak  he  had 
ever  eaten;  picturing  a  region  where  the 
average  velocity  of  the  wind  is  fifty  miles, 
where  a  bunting  flag  goes  to  shreds  in  a 
few  minutes,  a  flag  of  stoutest  canvas  is 
threshed  to  pieces  in  an  hour,  and  a  flag  of 
tin  is  battered  out  of  shape  in  the  first  gale, 
so  that  sheet  iron  is  the  material  that  must 
be  used;  describing  sea  elephants  that  weigh 
sometimes  as  much  as  four  tons  each  and 
measure  25  feet  in  length.  Sir  Douglas 
Mawson  has  presented  before  the  National 
Geographic  Society  one  of  the  most  re- 
markable stories  of  polar  exploration  that 
has  ever  come  from  those  regions. 

In  his  account  of  his  researches  along  the 
great  Antarctic  continent  discovered  by 
Rear  Admiral  Charles  Wilkes — the  same 
Admiral  Wilkes  who  figured  in  the  historic 
Trent  affair,  in  which  he,  during  the  Ameri- 
can civil  war,  held  up  the  British  packet 
Trent,  and  removed  from  her,  Mason  and 
Slidell — Sir  Douglas  paid  tribute  to  the 
explorer  and  his  work. 

Mawson  and  his  party  undertook  the 
work  under  the  patronage  of  the  Australian 


132 


TYPES   OF   NEWS  WRITING 


Government.  The  steamer  Aurora,  form- 
erly plying  in  American  waters,  was  the 
ship  that  carried  them  away.  A  midway 
base  with  a  wireless  relay  station  through 
which  the  party  could  keep  in  touch  with 
civilization,  was  established  at  Macquarie 
Island,  which  was  on  the  old  sailing  ship 
route  between  Australia  and  Cape  Horn 
and  whose  beaches  are  lined  with  the 
wrecks  of  many  a  ship.  The  main  base  was 
established  at  Cape  Dennison,  on  the  Ant- 
arctic continent,  and  a  second  base  several 
hundred  miles  further  east. 
'  Pictures  were  brought  back  by  Sir 
Douglas  showing  the  nesting  places  of  a 
number  of  birds  of  passage  who  go  to  the 
Polar  continent  to  nest  and  whose  eggs  have 
never  been  seen  before.  The  birds  and  sea 
elephants  were  absolute  strangers  to  fear, 
and  would  inspect  the  camera  man  with  as 
much  seeming  interest  as  the  camera  man 
inspected  them. 

The  character  of  the  winds  that  blow 
on  the  edge  of  the  Antarctic  Continent 
was  graphically  shown  by  the  fact  that  the 
men  had  to  lean  out  upon  it,  at  an  angle 
of  perhaps  forty-five  degrees,  to  walk  in 
the  ordinary  wind,  while  no  camera  could 
record  anything  but  a  blank  when  the 
blizzard  was  at  its  height. 

The  hut  which  was  the  headquarters  of 
the  party  had  one  window,  which  was  in 
the  roof.  The  breath  of  the  men  and  the 
steam  of  the  kitchen  caused  this  to  become 
frosted  over  to  the  thickness  of  5  inches. 
Men  going  out  to  take  the  records  of  the 
climatological  instruments  had  to  break 
the  ice  that  froze  before  their  faces,  from 
one  side  of  their  hoods  to  the  other,  and 
pictures  showing  how  their  faces  were 
covered  with  great  patches  of  frost  bite, 
told  an  eloquent  story  of  suffering. 

But  the  scene  was  not  all  somber.  The 
cellar  was  a  natural  refrigerator,  and  con- 
sisted simply  of  the  space  under  the  floor 
of  the  hut.  When  the  cook  wanted  a  piece 
of  meat  he  would  send  a  dog  down  to  get 
a  penguin  or  a  leg  of  mutton,  and  would 
take  it  away  from  him  as  he  came  out.  One 
day  the  dog  got  away  with  a  leg  of  mutton, 
which  was  rescued  only  after  a  chase  of  two 
hours,  and  then  it  was  so  damaged  that  the 


party  voted  to  give  it  to  the  dogs,  after  all. 
Reading  matter  was  in  great  demand.  One 
of  the  party  read  the  Encyclopedia  Bri- 
tannica  through  to  the  O's. 

Upon  one  occasion  Sir  Douglas  set  out 
with  Mr.  Mertz  and  Lieut.  Ninnis  on  a 
coast  charting  expedition.  After  going 
about  200  miles  Ninnis  and  his  sledge  were 
lost  in  a  great  crevasse.  Hours  of  calling 
brought  no  response,  and  the  smashed- 
to-pieces  sledge  at  the  bottom  told  a  pain- 
ful story  of  his  fate.  Thereafter  Mawson 
and  Mertz  turned  around  and  started  back 
to  camp.  They  ate  all  the  dogs,  one  by 
one,  as  they  died  by  starvation. 

Finally  there  was  only  one  dog  left — 
Old  Ginger.  "Old  Ginger  was  a  noble 
animal,"  said  Sir  Douglas,  "and  he  was 
game  to  the  last.  But  when  he  died  of  that 
sheer  hunger  of  the  Antarctic  wilderness  of 
ice  and  snow,  Mertz  and  I  had  to  eat  his 
carcass.  We  ate  the  bony  parts  first,  break- 
ing every  bone  so  as  to  get  out  the  marrow. 
Raw  dog  meat  may  not  sound  attractive 
at  a  distance,  or  when  one  is  this  far  re- 
moved from  the  ultimate  hunger  in  which 
the  stomach  seems  to  attack  its  very  self, 
but  there  it  tasted  as  good  as  anything  you 
ever  ate. 

"Finally  Mertz  began  to  sicken  and  to 
weaken,  and  in  a  few  days, — January  17 
it  was, — he  died.  I  almost  turned  canni- 
bal, so  starved  out  was  my  condition,  but 
with  it  all  I  buried  him,  and  then  started 
back  on  the  100-mile  journey  that  lay  be- 
tween me  and  safety.  Sore  of  body  and  sick 
of  mind,  it  was  more  bj-^  crawling  than  by 
walking  that  I  was  able  to  get  back  to  camp 
only  to  see  the  Aurora  disappearing  over 
the  horizon.  It  left  provisions  for  me,  how- 
ever, and  si.x  men  to  search  for  me.  Noth- 
ing but  Providence  saved  me  from  the  fate 
of  Mertz  and  Ninnis." 

Sir  Douglas  showed  pictures  of  beds  of 
coal  that  tell  of  a  time  when  tropic  sum- 
mer once  reigned  in  this  great  home  of  the 
blizzards,  and  others  revealing  great  ice 
cliffs  with  the  stratified  snows  of  a  hundred 
winters  upon  them,  each  stratum  standing 
out  as  clearly  as  though  it  were  of  sedimen- 
tary rock. 


SPEECHES,   INTERVIEWS,   AND   REPORTS 


133 


INTERVIEW   WITH    OFFICIAL 

Indianapolis  News 

WASHINGTON,  October  28— That  the 
United  States,  in  a  business  and  financial 
sense,  can  now  view  the  war  in  Europe 
without  serious  apprehensions  is  the  opin- 
ion of  George  E.  Roberts,  director  of  the 
mint,  one  of  the  keenest  economists  in  the 
government  service.  Mr.  Roberts  talked 
about  the  situation  today  and  made  it 
plain  that  despite  many  disadvantages  he 
sees  no  danger  to  this  country. 

"The  situation  with  respect  to  cotton," 
said  Mr.  Roberts,  "  is  the  chief  drawback. 
With  the  market  for  cotton  limited  and 
prices  low,  the  south  suffers  seriously  and 
the  effect  is  felt  on  the  entire  country.  The 
effects  of  the  cotton  situation,  on  the  other 
hand,  are  to  a  considerable  extent  counter- 
acted by  the  fact  that  in  the  north  good 
prices  are  commanded  by  wheat,  corn,  live 
stock  and  other  products  of  the  northern 
farms. 

"This  country  may  expect  to  be  fairly 
prosperous  during  the  period  of  the  war  in 
Europe.  Capital  will  be  dear  and  this  will 
tend  to  prevent  the  starting  of  new  en- 
terprises. We  can  not  have  really  good 
times  unless  money  can  readily  be  obtained 
for  new  enterprises. 

"I  do  not  expect  to  see  money  available 
for  the  building  of  railroad  improvements 
and  extension  and  new  lines.  I  do  not  ex- 
pect to  see  new  business  enterprises  to  any 
considerable  extent  started  while  the  war 
lasts.  I  expect  to  see  business  in  many  lines 
already  established  run  along  about  as  usual. 
In  certain  directions  it  will  be  improved. 

"The  European  countries,  which  are  now 
at  war,  will  go  on  putting  out  one  issue  of 
securities  after  another.  It  is  a  question 
how  much  of  that  they  can  float  without 
compelling  holders  of  American  securities 
abroad  to  dispose  of  our  securities.  On  the 
whole,  I  should  expect  most  of  the  ready 
capital  in  this  country,  which  under  the 
conditions  would  be  hunting  for  invest- 
ments in  new  enterprises,  to  be  absorbed 
for  some  time  to  come  in  taking  up  Amer- 
ican securities  parted  with  by  foreign 
holders." 


Mr.  Roberts  doubts  whether  the  stock 
exchanges  will  soon  reopen.  He  says  one 
strong  influence  against  it  is  the  banks 
which  have  made  loans  on  the  basis  of 
securities.  They  do  not  want,  on  the  one 
hand,  to  call  in  their  loans,  and,  on  the 
other  hand,  they  do  not  want  to  incur  any 
danger  of  seeing  stocks  and  securities  they 
hold  as  collateral  quoted  at  low  figures. 
He  thinks  it  will  be  a  considerable  time 
before  the  exchanges  are  reopened.  He 
pointed  out  that  it  would  be  impossible 
long  to  dam  up  traffic  in  securities. 

"Already  they  have  in  New  York  the 
'gutter  market,'"  said  Mr.  Roberts.  "I 
am  informed  that  the  volume  of  business 
done  in  this  way  is  considerable,  and  it  will 
grow.  You  can  not  stop  for  any  length  of 
time  the  business  of  exchange.  If  the  ex- 
changes are  closed  the  buyer  and  seller  will 
find  some  other  method  of  coming  to- 
gether." 

Due  in  part  to  the  fact  that  the  new 
federal  reserve  system  will  release  a  large 
volume  of  reserve  money,  and  in  part  to 
the  fact  that  the  bankers  and  the  country 
generally  have  recovered  from  the  first 
shock  of  the  war  and  now  confront  it  with- 
out fear,  Mr.  Roberts  thinks  the  banks  will 
have  plenty  of  money  to  lend.  He  looks 
for  little  disposition  to  lend  money  on  new 
enterprises;  but,  on  the  other  hand,  he  be- 
lieves there  will  be  plenty  of  money  to 
advance  to  meet  the  needs  of  ordinary 
business  and  to  extend  the  loans  of  the 
average  borrower. 

As  for  the  settlement  of  American  in- 
debtedness to  Europe,  concerning  which 
there  has  been  much  discussion  of  the 
shipment  of  American  gold  abroad,  Mr. 
Roberts  thinks  this  problem  will  be  ad- 
justed. He  pointed  out  that  it  would  be 
partly  adjusted  by  the  growing  volume  of 
sales  to  Europe.  It  will  be  partly  adjusted 
by  the  individuals  who  owe  the  debt,  and 
who  obtain  extension.  In  one  way  and 
another  the  volume  of  the  debt  will  be 
whittled  down  so  that,  according  to  Mr. 
Roberts,  this  problem  is  not  at  all  insur- 
mountable. As  for  the  cotton  situation, 
he  hopes  to  see  this  worked  out  by  the 
pool. 


134 


TYPES  OF  NEWS  WRITING 


INTERVIEW  WITH  EDUCATOR 

Indianapolis  News 

Exemplification.  Two  short  breaths 
and  a  stutter  and  then  as  follows:  e-x, 
ex;  e-m,  em,  exem;  p-l-i,  pli,  exempli;  f-i, 
fi,  exemplifi;  c-a,  ca,  exemplifica;  t-i-o-n, 
shun,  exemplification;  there's  your  ex- 
emplification. 

"Correct,  Johnnie,"  and  the  school- 
master, with  a  spelling-book  in  one  hand 
and  a  lamp  in  the  other,  sends  Johnnie  to 
the  head  of  the  line  and  walks  on  through 
the  dimly  lighted  country  school  building, 
pronouncing  "jaw  breakers,"  teaching  the 
youth  to  tread  the  flowery  paths  of  knowl- 
edge, and  in  all  ways  carrying  out  the  plans 
of  a  good  old-fashioned  country  spelling 
match. 

Many  men  and  women  now  well  ad- 
vanced in  years  learned  to  be  good  spellers 
largely  by  means  of  spelling  matches  sup- 
plemented by  special  spelling  exercises  on 
Friday  afternoons.  But  Fassett  A.  Cotton, 
State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion, has  some  new  ideas  in  regard  to  the 
best  methods  of  teaching  spelling,  and  this 
subject  received  considerable  attention  in 
the  course  of  study  which  Mr.  Cotton  is 
now  preparing,  and  which  is  to  be  used  in  the 
schools'of  the  State  during  the  coming  year. 

"Spelling,"  says  Mr.  Cotton,  "can  not 
be  taught  incidentally.  It  must  have  the 
systematic  attention  of  the  teacher  as  a 
separate  subject  and  his  constant  care  in 
all  written  work.  While  oral  spelling  is  a 
helpful  aid  in  fixing  forms,  it  is  generally 
conceded  that  written  spelling  must  re- 
ceive the  larger  stress.  The  eye  rather  than 
the  ear  must  be  trained.  Indeed,  correct 
spelling  must  be  made  an  eye  and  muscle 
habit.  Constant  drill  in  writing  correct 
forms  of  a  word  serves  to  build  it  into  one's 
very  physical  make-up. 

"There  are  certain  laws,  a  knowledge  of 
which  is  valuable  in  teaching  spelling.  The 
work  should  be  inductive;  that  is,  words 
spelled  according  to  these  laws  should  be 
presented  in  groups  and  the  children  led  to 
construct  the  laws.  There  is  a  certain 
economy  in  learning  the  laws,  because 
through  them  a  group  of  words  may  be 


learned  as  easily  as  a  single  word.  The  fact 
that  there  are  exceptions  to  the  laws  by  no 
means  destroys  the  claim  for  economy. 
There  are  two  sides,  then,  to  the  spelling 
process,  the  mechanical  and  the  rational, 
and  the  teacher  must  keep  them  both  in 
mind.  They  go  together.  Both  are  essen- 
tial. The  return  to  the  use  of  a  spelling 
book  indicates  a  belief  in  the  need  of  more 
systematic  work  in  oral  and  written  spell- 
ing." 

In  regard  to  the  subject  matter  of  spell- 
ing, Mr.  Cotton  beheves  that  here,  as  in 
other  subjects,  the  dominant  commimity 
interest  should  be  taken  into  considera- 
tion. Each  community,  Mr.  Cotton  points 
out,  has  its  own  vocabulary.  The  assign- 
ment in  spelling,  he  says,  should  be  worked 
out  as  carefully  as  the  assignment  in  any 
other  subject,  and,  as  in  every  other  sub- 
ject, the  home  life  should  dictate  the  point 
of  departure. 

The  assignment  may  from  day  to  day, 
Mr.  Cotton  suggests,  consist  of  lists  of  ten 
or  twenty  words  covering  the  entire  range 
of  life  in  the  community.  The  teacher  may 
ask  the  class  to  hand  in  a  list  of  ten  words 
that  are  names  of  kitchen  utensils.  If  there 
are  five  or  six  in  the  class,  it  may  be  that 
twenty  or  more  different  words  will  be 
named.  Such  a  device  furnishes  the  fairest 
test  of  the  child's  ability  to  spell  these 
words,  because  he  suggests  them  to  him- 
self and  is  not  aided  by  having  them  pro- 
nounced. The  teacher  should  correct  the 
lists  and  hand  them  back,  and  then  the 
twenty  different  words  should  be  used  as  a 
spelling  lesson  and  made  the  basis  of  a  per- 
manent list.  Similar  lists  may  cover  other 
home  departments,  industrial  depart- 
ments, or  farm  life,  and  there  may  be  lists 
covering  the  vocabulary  of  the  social,  the 
civil  or  governmental,  the  religious  and  the 
school  Ufe  of  the  community. 

The  assignment  may  take  another  form, 
Mr.  Cotton  suggests,  and  accomplish  the 
same  purpose.  The  teacher  may  have  it  in 
mind  to  teach  inductively  the  meaning  of 
the  word  synonym.  He  gives  the  following 
list  of  words:  farmer,  grower,  cultivator, 
agriculturist  and  husbandman.  He  then 
has  the  pupils  pronounce  each  word,  tell 


SPEECHES,   INTERVIEWS,   AND   REPORTS 


135 


the  meaning,  use  one  of  the  words  in  a 
sentence  and  substitute  as  many  words  as 
possible  for  it.  Other  groups  of  farm  words 
may  be  used  in  the  same  way. 

While  Mr.  Cotton  concedes  that  the 
teacher  must  select,  in  the  main,  his  own 
devices  for  teaching  any  subject,  he  offers 
the  following  suggestions  for  teaching 
spelling: 

"The  words  to  be  taught  should  be  the 
words  needed  in  the  school  vocabulary  and 
in  life. 

"The  work  should  be  based  as  much  as 
possible  upon  the  laws  governing  spelling, 
and  should  be  done  inductively. 

"Constant  drill  is  essential,  and  absolute 
accuracy  in  all  written  work  must  be  in- 
sisted upon. 

"It  is  a  good  practice  to  keep  a  list  of 
words  most  commonly  misspelled  and  point 
out  and  emphasize  in  some  attractive  way 
the  difficulties  in  spelling  these  words. 

"Word  building  and  word  analysis  are 
excellent  devices. 

"The  use  of  words  in  sentences  different 
from  those  in  which  they  are  found  in  the 
text-book  is  good  practice  for  the  vocabu- 
lary of  the  pupU. 

"It  is  especially  important  that  pupils 
should  learn  to  use  in  sentences  of  their 
own  construction  the  many  simple  words 
which  are  alike  in  their  pronunciation,  but 
which  differ  both  in  their  spelling  and  in 
their  use.  The  teacher  will  find  it  advan- 
tageous to  make  the  list  of  homonyms  in 
the  spelling  book  the  basis  for  language  ex- 
ercises as  well  as  for  spelling  lessons. 

"The  new  speller  should  be  in  the  hands 
of  each  and  every  pupil.  The  work  is  out- 
lined by  grades  in  the  book.  No  pupil 
should  be  promoted  till  he  has  mastered 
all  the  words  in  the  grade  in  which  he  is 
working." 


INTERVIEW  WITH  WOMAN 
PHILANTHROPIST 

Kansas  City  Star 

A  little  woman,  her  shoulders  laden  with 
the  burden  of  a  great  effort  to  rid  the  world 
of  poverty,  came  to  Kansas  City  this  morn- 


ing. She  is  Mrs.  Joseph  Fels,  widow  of  the 
Philadelphia  philanthropist  and  manufac- 
turer. With  Daniel  Kiefer,  chairman  of 
the  Fels  fund,  and  Mrs.  Kiefer,  Mrs.  Fels  is 
touring  the  principal  cities  of  the  United 
States  in  the  interests  of  the  idea  to  which 
Joseph  Fels  devoted  his  life,  the  taxation 
of  land  values.  The  philanthropist  died 
last  February. 

Mrs.  Fels's  eyes  kindled  when  the  war 
was  mentioned  to  her  at  the  Savoy  Hotel 
this  morning.  She  was  dressed  simply  in 
black,  but  the  soberness  of  her  attire  was 
eclipsed  by  the  animation  of  her  features 
when  she  was  given  the  opportunity  to 
plunge  into  the  subject  to  which  she  is  now 
giving  her  life. 

"The  war,"  she  cried  softly.  "It  would 
n't  have  come  about  if  Europe  had  been 
listening.  'More  land,'  the  nations  say; 
'more  land,'  with  a  wealth  of  it  within 
their  own  borders  owned  by  great  land- 
lords. Yet  they  must  fight  to  extend  their 
boundary  Unes. 

"Is  it  possible  to  think  that  the  good 
Lord  would  make  a  world  in  which  there 
were  more  people  than  could  be  provided 
for?  It  is  that  idea  that  keeps  us  fighting 
on  to  make  people  realize.  Freedom  for 
each  individual  to  earn  his  own  living;  we 
ask  only  for  that.  Tax  the  land;  take  the 
taxes  off  produced  necessities;  force  land- 
lords to  quit  holding  empty  land  for  the 
profit  that  comes  from  other  people  com- 
ing to  live  around  it.  Do  you  know  that 
Philadelphia  has  40,000  empty  lots — not 
on  the  outskirts  but  in  the  city?  London 
has  50,000  of  them.  'Congestion,' — we 
speak  of  that,  but  what  congestion  would 
there  be  if  every  man  could  till  the  soil,  and 
if  selfishness  and  greed  were  not  allowed  to 
appropriate  the  earnings  of  others?" 

The  diminutive  figure  of  Mrs.  Fels 
seemed  to  grow  as  her  voice  let  escape  in 
its  tones  something  of  the  passionate  con- 
viction which  she  feels  in  the  rightfulness 
of  the  land  value  taxation  propaganda. 

"The  world  has  had  enough  of  charity,  a 
poor  patchwork  of  a  poor  system  of  civili- 
zation. We  are  trying  to  prevent  the  need  of 
charity,  trying  to  spread  justice  and  free- 
dom, to  free  the  worker  from  the  landlord's 


136 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


domination  and  give  him  opportunity. 
For  us  opportunity  is  freedom." 

Before  the  death  of  Mr.  Fels,  the  phi- 
lanthropist spent  a  good  deal  of  time  in 
England.  Mrs.  Fels  still  resides  there  half 
of  the  year. 

"England  has  a  king,"  she  said,  "but 
fundamentally  the  English  government  is 
more  democratic  than  the  United  States. 
We  call  ourselves  a  democracy,  but  in 
reality  we  are  a  plutocracy.  The  idea  of  a 
democracy  is  a  fine  thing  to  hold  up  before 
the  eyes  of  the  people,  but  in  the  present 
circumstances  it  is  only  to  blind  them  to 
real  conditions." 

Mrs.  Fels  is  of  German  descent,  but  her 
sympathies  and  her  blame  for  the  war  are 
with  all  of  the  fighting  nations. 

"I  am  sorry  for  all  of  them,"  she  said, 
"but  I  know  that  all  are  implicated.  Per- 
haps some  good  will  come  out  of  it.  If  the 
people  of  the  warring  nations  are  made  so 
poor  that  the  nations  will  have  to  take  ex- 
treme measures  to  exist,  the  great  estates 
of  Europe  will  be  thrown  open  to  intensive 
farming  and  to  all  the  other  methods  of 
adding  to  productiveness." 

Daniel  Kiefer,  chairman  of  the  Fels 
Fund,  told  some  facts  that  Mrs.  Fels  ap- 
peared too  modest  to  relate. 

When  Joseph  Fels  was  living  he  proposed 
to  match  dollar  for  dollar  any  fund  that 
was  raised  in  the  United  States  to  forward 
the  single  tax  propaganda.  He  did  the 
same  thing  in  fifteen  other  countries.  In 
this  country  in  the  last  five  years  the  Fels 
Fund  has  given  more  than  5  million  to  less 
than  half  that  amount  raised  by  others. 

Mr.  Kiefer  explained  that  Mrs.  Fels  was 
giving  herself  to  carrying  on  the  move- 
ment in  which  her  husband  had  shown  so 
great  an  interest. 

"Giving  myself  and  all  I  have  and  am," 
added  Mrs.  Fels.  This  afternoon  Mrs.  Fels 
spoke  at  Central  High  School  and  at 
Swope  Center.  She  will  speak  at  the  City 
Club  at  8  o'clock  tonight.  A  reception  for 
Mrs.  Fels  by  the  Council  of  Clubs  will  be 
held  from  3  to  5  o'clock  tomorrow  after- 
noon. Mrs.  Fels  will  speak  again  at  a  pub- 
lic meeting  at  the  City  Club  at  8  o'clock 
tomorrow  night. 


INTERVIEW  WITH  OPERA 
SINGER 

Chicago  Daily  News 

Mme.  Tamakai  Miura  hid  behind  a  bag- 
gage truck  and  pressed  her  fingers  into  her 
miniature  ears.  It  was  her  first  visit  to 
Chicago. 

"Ooo!"  exclaimed  Mme.  Miura.  "Ooo!" 

The  Twentieth  Century  hmited  was 
backing  out  of  the  LaSalle  Street  Station. 

"She  is  the  first  Japanese  grand  opera 
singer  in  the  world,  the  first  to  sing  in 
America  and  one  of  the  best  sopranos  in 
the  company!"  shouted  the  press  agent 
above  the  roar.  He  led  the  way  to  Mme. 
Miura.  She  stood  half  frightened  and  half 
amused,  seeming  like  a  figure  that  had 
escaped  from  a  Japanese  print  and  got  lost 
in  a  Meissonier  landscape.  For  Mme. 
Miura  was  still  dressed  in  her  native  cos- 
tume. She  might  have  just  wandered  off  the 
stage  from  a  scene  in  "  Madame  Butterfly" 
in  which  she  is  going  to  sing  for  the  Boston 
Opera  Company. 

She  wore  a  purple  robe,  with  a  dull  red 
and  gold  girdle.  It  enveloped  her  in  folds 
and  a  dull  pink  scarf  covered  her  patent 
leather  colored  hair.  American  shoes,  an 
American  handbag  and  American  furs 
testified  to  her  acquired  cosmopolitanism. 

"I  hke  come  here  and  sing,"  said  Mme. 
Miura,  removing  her  fingers  from  her 
ears.  "I  been  in  London  and  all  over  the 
world.  I  am  only  singer  in  Japan,  In 
Japan  women  don'  sing  so  much  or  do  any- 
thing. They  have  no  suffrage  an'  only 
listen  to  the  nightingale  and  the  wind  blow 
through  the  cherry  tree.  But  art  will  liber- 
ate the  ladies  of  Japan." 

Mme.  Miura  glanced  coquettishly  at 
a  Japanese  man  who  stood  near  her. 

"What  you  think?"  she  inquired  of  him. 

"He  is  my  husband,"  she  explained. 

Becoming  more  accustomed  to  the  bag- 
gage truck  and  the  Twentieth  Century, 
Madame  Miura  continued: 

"When  I  come  to  America  I  all  the  time 
'fraid  people  don't  like  me  because  I  hear 
about  Japanese  not  being  much  liked,  but 
when  I  come  to  New  York  everybody  like 
me  and  is  most  nice  to  me.  And  I  am  sure 


SPEECHES,   INTERVIEWS,   AND   REPORTS 


137 


everybody  in  Chicago  like  me.  It  is  so  full 
of  noise,  is  it  not?  All  America  is  full  of 
noise. 

"I  like  most  American  scenery  which 
the  railroad  show  me.  It  is  better  than 
English  or  German  scenery,  because  in 
EngUsh  scenery  all  the  trees  look  hke  doll 
trees  and  in  Germany  all  the  trees  look  like 
they  have  been  straightened  with  mower 
of  the  lawn.  In  American  scenery  every- 
thing is  big  and  wild  and  maybe  full  of 
animals,  is  it  not? 

"And  there  is  so  much.  I  pass  miles  and 
miles  in  my  ride,  more  than  whole  Japan." 

Madame  Miura's  English  required  the 
greatest  concentration  on  her  part.  She 
paused  and  thought  and  then  resumed. 

"Opera  is  new  art  in  Japan.  We  have 
only  very  few  singers.  Because  women 
have  no  great  chance,  but  now  maybe  they 
have.  I  study  in  London  and  Berlin.  I 
have  sing  before  king  and  queen  in  Albert 
Hall.  I  sing  Irish  song,  Scotch  song,  Italian 
and  French  song  and  English  song.  Isn't 
that  nice?" 


Note  —  The  following  three  telegraph  stories 
show  three  different  forms  for  a  group  of  several 
interviews  on  the  same  subject,  which  in  this 
case  ivas  a  decision  of  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission  granting  the  railroads  the  right  to 
charge  higher  freight  rates.  As  originally  pub- 
lished, these  stories  followed  stories  from  Wash- 
ington, D.C.  giving  the  details  of  the  decision. 

GROUP  OF  INTERVIEWS 

(1) 
Milwaukee  Free  Press 

CHICAGO,  Dec.  18.— Wholesale  mer- 
chants and  shippers  of  Chicago  were 
elated  today  at  the  decision  of  the  inter- 
state commerce  commission.  Here  is  what 
some  of  them  say : 

JOHN  G.  SHEDD,  president  Marshall 
Field  &  Co. :  "  Everyone  should  rejoice 
over  the  action  of  the  interstate  com- 
merce commission.  I  regard  this  decision 
as  marking  the  turning  point  in  the  busi- 
ness situation,  and  expect  to  see  hereafter 
a  marked  advance  on  the  road  of  prosperity 
by  all  lines  of  American  industry." 


JULIUS  ROSENWALD,  president  of 
Sears-Roebuck  &  Co.:  "  Representing  one 
of  the  largest  shippers,  I  am  glad  to  say 
that  we  rejoice  in  the  decision.  I  beheve 
it  will  have  a  far-reaching  effect.  It  will 
help  the  whole  United  States  and  stimu- 
late business  all  over  the  land." 

JOHN  V.  FARWELL,  president  of  the 
John  V.  Farwell  Co.:  "I  am  glad  the  ap- 
plication of  the  railroads  for  an  increase 
in  freight  rates  has  been  granted,  as  I  be- 
lieve the  decision  will  be  an  essential  factor 
in  stimulating  and  encouraging  all  branches 
of  business  in  all  parts  of  the  United 
States."    - 

(2) 
Chicago  Tribune 

New  York,  Dec.  18.— Howard  ElHott, 
president  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven, 
and  Hartford  Railroad  company,  and 
chairman  of  the  board  of  directors,  com- 
menting on  the  decision  of  the  interstate 
commerce  commission,  said: 

"Careful  calculations  indicate  that  the 
increase  in  the  gross  freight  earnings  of  the 
New  Haven  road,  because  of  the  decision 
of  the  commerce  commission,  will  be  less 
than  $250,000  per  year,  and  probably  not 
much  in  excess  of  $200,000  a  year  on  the 
present  volume  of  business.  So  far  this 
fiscal  year,  the  freight  earnings  of  the  com- 
pany have  decreased  $1,399,000. 

"We  are  gratified  to  have  the  commis- 
sion recognize  the  necessity  of  increasing 
freight  rates  and  we  are  glad  to  have  even 
this  modest  increase." 

A.  H.  Smith,  president  of  the  New  York 
Central  lines,  made  the  following  state- 
ment: 

"As  nearly  as  I  can  learn  from  prelim- 
inary reports,  the  commerce  commission 
has  granted  an  increase  on  perhaps  a  little 
more  than  one-half  of  the  tonnage,  but  to 
the  extent  that  the  increase  has  been 
granted  it  will  help  the  railroad  situation. 
It  should  also  promote  general  public  con- 
fidence for  the  future. 

"The  commission  has  recognized  not 
only  the  needs  of  the  railroads  but  the 
effect  upon  the  railroads  of  the  present 


138 


TYPES  OF  NEWS  WRITING 


peculiar  conditions.  The  increase  granted 
will  not  solve  the  transportation  problems 
of  the  day,  but  we  are  thankful  for  the 
help  given  and  will  endeavor  to  make  the 
best  possible  use  of  it." 

(3) 

Chicago  Tribune 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Dec.  18.— "The  grant- 
ing of  the  5  per  cent  freight  increase  will 
have  absolutely  no  effect  upon  the  pas- 
senger increases,"  declared  George  W. 
Boyd,  general  passenger  traffic  manager  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  company.  "We 
want  to  estabUsh  the  two  departments  of 
our  road  on  an  independent  basis,  and  to 
do  this  we  need  the  passenger  increase  as 
much  as  the  freight  mcrease." 

"I  am  glad  for  any  decision  that  would 
bring  prosperity  to  the  people  of  Pennsyl- 
vania," was  the  only  comment  of  Gov.- 
elect  Martin  G.  Brumbaugh. 

The  commission  will  aid  in  smoothing 
the  way  to  prosperity,  in  the  opinion  of 
Alba  Johnson,  president  of  the  Baldwin 
Locomotive  works. 


OFFICIAL  REPORT 
Boston  Transcript 

Twenty-five  States  are  represented  in  a 
crusade  which  the  lawmakers  and  school 
authorities  of  the  country  are  waging 
against  the  high  school  fraternity,  accord- 
ing to  a  report  which  has  just  been  issued 
by  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Education. 
Of  these,  thirteen  States  have  passed  legis- 
lative enactments  hostile  to  the  secret 
orders,  while  the  school  boards  of  impor- 
tant cities  in  the  other  twelve  States  have 
adopted  like  measures  within  their  own 
jurisdiction. 

All  States  having  laws  on  the  subject 
provide  a  penalty  of  suspension  or  expul- 
sion from  school  for  all  those  who  join  these 
orders.  The  most  drastic  laws  were  passed 
by  Iowa,  Minnesota,  and  Nebraska,  whose 
legislatures  made  it  a  misdemeanor  for 
anyone  even  to  solicit  members  to  these 
organizations.    Michigan  and  Ohio  made 


it  a  misdemeanor  for  a  school  officer  to  fail 
or  refuse  to  carry  out  the  anti-high  school 
fraternity  law.  Other  States  which  pro- 
hibit these  orders  are  California,  Indiana, 
Kansas,  Mississippi,  Oregon,  and  Vermont. 
Massachusetts  empowers  the  Boston  School 
Committee  to  deal  with  the  secret-society 
problem  in  its  own  way,  while  Wasliington 
gives  the  same  latitude  to  the  school  boards 
of  its  larger  cities. 

The  more  important  cities  whose  school 
boards  have  passed  regulations  restricting 
or  forbidding  high  school  fraternities,  are 
Denver,  Meriden,  Chicago,  Covington, 
New  Orleans,  Lowell,  Waltham,  Worcester, 
Kansas  City,  Mo.,  St.  Joseph,  Butte, 
Oklahoma  City,  Reading,  Salt  Lake  City, 
Madison,  Milwaukee,  Racine  and  Superior. 
The  commonest  penalties  are  suspension, 
expulsion,  or  debarment  from  atliletic  or 
other  teams  of  the  school. 

The  United  States  Bureau  of  Educa- 
tion's report  also  cites  some  of  the  more 
important  court  decisions,  every  one  of 
which  upholds  the  school  authorities  in 
dealing  rigorously  with  the  high  school 
fraternity,  on  the  ground  that  the  measures 
so  taken  are  authorized  as  a  part  of  the 
school  board's  discretionary  powers.  Most 
courts  cited,  however,  will  not  allow  the 
offending  pupils  to  be  barred  from  class- 
room exercises,  although  they  can  be  barred 
from  participating  in  all  athletic  or  other 
contests. 


REPORT  OF  SCIENTIST 

New  York  Evening  Post 

London,  August  1. — Boiling  over  a 
slow  fire  is  the  happiest  death  a  lobster  can 
meet;  so  it  has  been  determined  at  the 
Jersey  Marine  Biological  Station.  The  ex- 
periments were  carried  out  bj^  Joseph  Si- 
nel,  a  well-known  biologist,  for  the  Jersey 
Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to 
Animals,  whose  members  associated  the 
prevalent  method  of  killing  lobsters  with 
medieeval  torture. 

Lobsters,  says  Mr.  Sinel,  are  ex-tremely 
difficult  to  kill.  Piercing  the  brain  does 
not  seem  to  cause  the  lobster  more  than 


SPEECHES,   INTERVIEWS,   AND   REPORTS 


139 


temporary  annoyance,  since  his  brain  is 
a  mere  nerve  ganglion  the  size  of  a  hemp- 
seed.  He  has  to  be  killed  all  over.  To 
throw  him  into  boiling  water  fails  to  do 
the  work  either  mercifully  or  quickly, 
since  he  struggles  violently  to  escape  for 
about  two  minutes. 

The  pleasantest  way  to  end  a  lobster's 
troubles,  Mr.  Sinel  finds,  is  the  old-fash- 
ioned way  of  placing  him  in  cold  water  and 
bringing  him  to  a  boil .  As  the  water  warms, 
he  becomes  merely  lazy  and  rolls  over  as 
for  a  sleep.  By  the  time  the  water  reaches 
the  comparatively  mUd  temperature  of  70 
degrees,  Fahrenheit,  he  becomes  comatose. 
At  80  degrees,  he  is  dead.  To  use  a  hu- 
man illustration,  the  biologist  says  it  is  like 
a  person  succumbing  to  a  heat  wave,  with 
loss  of  consciousness  and  a  painless  end. 


REPORT  OF  FEDERAL  OFFICIAL 

San  Francisco  Chronicle 

WASHINGTON,  January  15.— Asiatic 
immigration,  the  "Hindoo  propaganda," 
and  particularly  immigration  to  Conti- 
nental United  States  from  Hawaii  and  the 
Philippines,  are  discussed  at  length  in  the 
annual  report  of  Anthony  Caminetti,  Com- 
missioner-General of  Immigration,  made 
public  here  today. 

"  I  believe  it  is  quite  generally  conceded 
that  immigration  from  the  Far  East  is  de- 
trimental to  the  welfare  of  the  United 
States,"  says  the  report,  "not  because  it 
has  heretofore  been  so  extensive  in  num- 
bers, but  because  of  its  peculiar  effect  upon 
the  economic  conditions  and  the  possibili- 
ties of  an  almost  unlimited  increase  in  vol- 
ume if  left  unregulated  and  unchecked. 
Our  Oriental  immigration  problem,  arising 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago,  has 
never  been  satisfactorily  solved;  the  ex- 
clusion laws  need  many  amendments,  not 
in  purpose  but  in  prescribed  method. 

"The  Hindoo  propaganda,  as  yet  in  its 
infancy,  is  calculated  to  give  much  trouble 
unless  promptly  met  with  measures  based 
upon,  and  modeled  to  take  advantage  of  our 
past  experience  in  trying  to  arrange  prac- 
ticable and  thorough,  but  at  the  same  time 


unobjectionable,  plans  for  the  protection  of 

the  country  against  an  influx  of  aliens  who 
can  not  be  readily  and  healthfully  assimi- 
lated by  our  body  politic." 

Of  immigration  by  way  of  the  insular 
possessions  the  Commissioner  says:  "It 
will  be  observed  that  15,512  aliens  came  to 
continental  from  insular  United  States  dur- 
ing the  last  seven  years — 10,948  from 
Hawaii,  3,950  from  Porto  Rico  and  614  from 
the  Philippines — and  that  of  these,  10,740 
landed  at  San  Francisco,  3,910  at  New 
York  and  631  at  Seattle. 

"Aliens  coming  from  Porto  Rico  have 
been  handled  with  a  fair  degree  of  success, 
but  those  coming  from  Hawaii  and  the 
Philippines  have  given  the  service  a  great 
deal  of  trouble,  the  former  with  regard  to 
the  admission  of  aliens  to  the  territory  and 
their  subsequent  migration  to  the  conti- 
nent, and  the  latter  with  respect  to  the 
coming  of  aliens  to  the  mainland  from 
the  Philippines  only,  the  immigration  serv- 
ice having  nothing  to  do  with  respect  to 
the  admission  of  aliens  to  these  posses- 
sions. 

"It  has  been  regarded  as  desirable  to 
encourage  the  settlement  in  Hawaii  of 
European  aliens,  and  correspondingly  to 
discourage  the  settlement  there  of  aliens 
from  the  Orient,  the  idea  being  that  the 
former  does,  and  the  latter  does  not,  tend 
toward  the  'Americanization'  of  the  terri- 
tory, which  already  has  a  large  Asiatic 
population.  Failure  to  retain  the  immi- 
grants secured  through  the  exercise  by  the 
Federal  Government  of  a  very  liberal 
policy,  is  believed  to  be  due  to  the  fact  that 
the  conditions  of  work  and  labor  are  un- 
satisfactory and  the  standard  of  wages  too 
low." 

Of  the  flow  of  immigration  the  Commis- 
sioner says: 

"Immigration,  judged  from  the  results 
of  the  year,  has  apparently  reached  the 
million  mark,  and  unless  some  affirmative 
action  is  taken  by  the  Federal  Government 
to  restrict  it,  or  steps  are  taken  by  Eu- 
ropean and  other  nations  to  reduce  the 
steady  stream  of  persons  leaving  the  vari- 
ous countries  of  the  Old  World,  we  need 
hardly  expect  that  the  number  annually 


140 


TYPES   OF   NEWS  WRITING 


entering  the  United  States  hereafter  will 
fall  far  below  1,000,000." 

Immigration  to  the  United  States  for 
the  fiscal  year  aggregated  1,218,480,  only 
66,869  less  than  for  the  year  1907,  which 
showed  the  greatest  tide  of  immigration  in 
history.  As  633,805  aliens  left  the  United 
States  during  the  year,  the  net  increase 
of  population  through  immigration  was 
769,276. 

Of  the  alien  applicants  for  admission  to 
the  United  States  during  the  year,  33,041 
were  excluded  on  various  statutory  grounds. 


the  debarments  being  66  per  cent  greater 
than  for  the  previous  year. 

The  suggestion  is  made  tentatively  that 
some  diversion  of  the  immigrant  fund  be 
made  to  protect  the  immigrants  after  their 
landing  in  this  country,  in  an  effort  "to 
relieve  industrial  centers  by  securing  em- 
ployment for  the  surplus  labor  found 
therein,  whether  native  or  foreign,  either 
on  farms  or  in  other  rural  occupations  or  in 
settling  people  on  lands."  Such  relief 
would  be,  the  report  says,  of  benefit  to  all 
the  people. 


CHAPTER  VIII 

EXHIBITIONS,    ENTEKTAINMENTS,    AND    SPECIAL   OCCASIONS 

Type  of  story.  News  stories  in  this  division  may  be  grouped  in  two  classes : 
(1)  those  of  display,  such  as  exhibitions,  shows,  fairs,  and  parades,  and  (2) 
those  of  banquets,  holiday  celebrations,  and  other  special  occasions,  such  as 
college  commencements.  Although  the  subject  matter  covers  a  wide  range, 
the  method  of  handhng  the  news  is  much  the  same. 

Purpose.  The  aim  in  these  stories  is  not  only  to  portray  attractively  the 
events  and  scenes  but  to  bring  out  the  spirit  of  the  occasion.  There  is  gen- 
erally a  dominant  note  in  all  these  events,  and  the  effectiveness  of  the  descrip- 
tion can  be  greatly  heightened  by  selecting  those  details  that  bring  out  this 
note.  The  selection  and  presentation  of  details  from  the  point  of  view  of 
their  value  as  showing  the  mood  of  the  occasion  results  in  a  story  of  much 
greater  interest  than  does  the  mere  recording  of  the  different  incidents.  Ac- 
curacy in  news  stories  of  this  kind,  therefore,  is  not  simply  faithfulness  to 
fact,  but  truth  of  sentiment.  Untruthfulness  hes  in  adding  fictitious  details 
in  an  effort  to  heighten  the  appeal,  and  in  substituting  sentimentality  for 
true  sentiment. 

Treatment.  The  chief  problem  in  writing  these  stories  is  to  select  pictur- 
esque and  significant  phases  from  the  large  mass  of  available  material,  and 
to  reproduce  the  scenes  and  incidents  with  vividness.  These  events  offer 
one  of  the  few  chances  in  news  writing  for  pure  description.  In  general  the 
description  is  of  the  so-called  dynamic  type,  in  that  all  of  the  details  are 
selected  with  the  purpose  of  bringing  out  one  impression  rather  than  of 
giving  a  complete  picture. 

In  descriptions  of  holiday  celebrations  an  emotional  appeal  is  possible 
because  every  festival  and  holiday  has  its  own  particular  sentiment.  Christ- 
mas is  distinctly  the  children's  day  and  is  characterized  by  generosity. 
Memorial  day  is  marked  by  patriotic  reverence  for  dead  heroes.  Fourth  of 
July  by  patriotic  jollification,  and  Thanksgiving  day  by  the  idea  of  feasting. 
For  banquets  and  similar  occasions  in  which  the  spirit  of  good  fellowship  is 
the  dominant  note  the  descriptive  method  in  a  lighter  vein  is  particularly 
appropriate. 

When  speeches  and  toasts  are  delivered  in  connection  with  these  events, 


142 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


they  are  treated  like  other  speeches  and  are  fitted  into  the  story  as  incidents 
of  the  occasion,  or,  if  they  are  of  sufl&cient  significance,  they  may  be  played 
up  as  the  feature. 


AUTOMOBILE  SHOW  TO  OPEN 

New  York  Times 

The  National  Automobile  Chamber  of 
Commerce  will  open  its  Fifteenth  Annual 
National  Automobile  Show  in  Grand  Cen- 
tral Palace  next  Saturday,  Jan.  2.  The 
Show  Committee  of  the  N.  A.  C.  C,  which 
has  the  exhibition  in  charge,  consists  of  Col. 
George  Pope,  H.  O.  Smith,  Wilfred  C. 
Leland,  and  S.  A.  Miles,  manager.  Instead 
of  opening  at  night,  the  doors  will  be  im- 
locked  at  2  P.  M.  Displays  of  goods  con- 
servatively valued  at  more  than  $3,500,000 
will  occupy  the  150,000  square  feet  of  floor 
space  on  four  floors  of  the  building.  About 
50,000  more  square  feet  of  floor  space  is 
available  this  year  than  in  previous  sea- 
sons. 

There  is  a  total  of  338  exhibits.  Gasoline 
pleasure  cars  wiU  be  shown  by  eighty-one 
manufacturers;  six  companies  will  show 
electric  cars,  and  thirteen  will  display  mo- 
tor cycles.  The  remaining  238  exhibitors 
are  makers  of  accessories.  More  than  400 
complete  cars  will  be  shown.  These  will  be 
found  to  range  in  price  from  $295  to  $7,500. 
No  commercial  cars  will  be  exhibited,  but 
there  will  be  a  special  information  bureau 
for  commercial  vehicle  manufacturers. 

In  order  to  make  a  beautiful  setting  for 
the  cars  and  show  them  to  advantage,  the 
interior  of  the  palace  has  been  converted 
into  a  Persian  palace.  The  decoration 
color  scheme  is  white,  gold,  and  crimson. 
The  lobby  of  the  building  -nail  be  decorated 
to  resemble  a  California  garden. 

Following  the  custom  of  former  years, 
Wednesday,  Jan.  6,  has  been  set  aside  as 
Society  Day,  upon  which  double  admission 
will  be  charged.  There  will  also  be  a  The- 
atrical Day,  Monday,  Jan.  4,  upon  which 
representative  players  will  be  guests  of  the 
management.  The  exposition  will  remain 
open  for  one  week,  \mtil  Jan.  9.    On  the 


first  day  the  doors  will  open  at  2  P.  M.,  and 
on  other  days  at  10  A.  M.,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  Sunday,  when  the  building  wiU  re- 
main closed. 


POULTRY  SHOW 

New  York  Evening  Post 

The  twentieth  annual  exhibition  of  the 
New  York  Poultry,  Pigeon  and  Pet  Stock 
Association  was  opened  several  hours  before 
daybreak  this  morning  with  appropriate 
barnyard  pomp  and  ceremony.  One  of  the 
6,500  fowl  assembled  in  Madison  Square 
Garden,  with  bold  disregard  for  the  con- 
ventions of  city  life,  started  things  at  3 
A.  M.,  and  in  an  instant  the  whole  family 
was  flapping  its  wings  and  crowing  sociably 
one  to  another. 

Even  though  it  was  only  the  light  from 
an  arc  lamp  outside,  which  the  birds  mis- 
took for  the  rising  sun,  they  resolved  to 
make  the  best  of  it,  and  at  noon  all  the 
inmates  were  in  excellent  voice. 

The  great  arena,  filled  row  upon  row 
with  every  variety  of  domestic  fowl,  re- 
sounded with  echoes  'of  the  farm. 

It  was  one  long,  continuous  cock-a- 
doodle-doo,  that  gave  the  impression  that 
all  the  barnyards  of  the  world  had  suddenly 
been  combined  in  one. 

A  flock  of  white  Wyandottes,  looking 
very  pompous,  supplied  the  baritone  parts 
of  the  medley,  while  occasionally  a  peevish 
falsetto  cackle  could  be  discerned  issuing 
from  the  bantam  household.  Melodious 
squawks  from  several  turkey  gobblers,  who 
had  escaped  the  axe  this  season,  added  to  the 
hoarse  cackle  of  numerous  ducks,  helped 
to  fill  in  the  gaps. 

One  change  was  noticeable  to-day  in  the 
absence  of  Canadian-bred  birds.  In  former 
years,  fowl  from  across  the  border  have 
been  among  the  most  interesting  in  the 


EXHIBITIONS,   ENTERTAINMENTS,   SPECIAL  OCCASIONS     143 


exhibit,  affording  a  basis  for  comparison  of 
the  poultry  of  the  two  countries. 

But,  owing  to  the  strict  quarantine  reg- 
ulations now  in  force,  officers  of  the  New 
York  State  Association  found  it  impossible 
to  include  this  feature  in  this  year's  show. 
The  fact  that  there  are  no  Canadian  en- 
tries is  accountable  for  the  smaller  num- 
ber of  exhibits,  some  six  hundred  Cana- 
dian specimens  having  been  withheld  by 
the  Canadian  fanciers.  The  reason,  it 
was  stated,  was  the  prevalence  of  disease 
among  cattle  at  the  present  time.  The 
Canadian  inspectors  had  announced  that 
they  would  not  allow  consignments  shipped 
to  the  exhibition  to  reenter  the  country. 

All  States  north  of  the  Ohio  and  east  of 
the  Mississippi  have  sent  specimens  to 
the  exhibit,  while  a  number  of  Southern 
and  Western  States  are  represented  also. 

On  the  main  floor  the  entire  space  is 
devoted  to  fowl,  of  every  variety,  dis- 
played in  steel  cages.  The  centre  of  the 
arena  is  occupied  by  a  small  tank,  used  as 
a  duck  pond,  and  grouped  around  this  are 
several  large  cages,  containing  specially 
rare  specimens.  The  balcony,  circling  the 
enclosure,  is  devoted  to  pigeons  and  pet 
stock,  including  guinea  pigs,  rabbits,  and 
white  mice. 

Along  with  the  poultry  display,  there  is 
the  usual  accompaniment  of  farmyard  de- 
vices, brooders,  incubators,  and  patent 
feeders,  which  occupy  booths  in  various 
parts  of  the  main  floor.  John,  a  fine  white 
Wyandotte  cock  from  Jersey,  was  on  hand 
to-day  to  do  his  share  in  exhibiting  a  device 
for  grinding  bones.  He  was  hitched  to  a 
miniature  mill,  in  which  he  had  been 
trained  for  months  to  make  the  circuit  like 
a  horse.  But  everything  at  the  Garden  was 
so  different,  and  so  unlike  life  in  the  peace- 
ful Jersey  farm,  that  the  rooster  had  an 
attack  of  stage-fright  and  couldn't  navi- 
gate the  turn.  He  crouched  down  in  the 
traces  and  refused  to  budge,  while  the 
demonstrator  applied  persuasion  and  a 
horsewhip  to  coax  him  on. 

But  the  trained  hens,  who  were  there  to 
show  how  a  combination  "feeder  and  exer- 
ciser" worked,  Hved  up  to  expectations, 
and  gave  an  admirable  performance.  They 


were  caged  in  a  shed  with  a  miniature  turn- 
stile in  it,  and  every  time  they  took  a  few 
steps,  the  stile  was  sm-e  to  move,  bringing 
down  upon  their  heads  a  shower  of  corn. 


AGRICULTURAL  FAIR 

Boston  Herald 

SALEM,  N.  H.,  Aug.  21— Fair  skies, 
weather  of  ideal  coolness,  the  grand  circuit 
races,  a  horse  show  of  unusual  excellence, 
pedigreed  cattle  and  blue-blooded  poultry, 
fruit  and  vegetables  that  made  the  onlooker 
hungry,  in  fact,  all  the  accessories  of  half  a 
dozen  county  fairs  rolled  into  one — not 
forgetting  the  Looney  Lane  and  its  leather- 
lunged  ballyhoo  men — lured  to  Rocking- 
ham Park  today  a  crowd  variously  esti- 
mated at  between  60,000  and  80,000  per- 
sons. 

Whatever  the  correct  figures  of  attend- 
ance may  have  been,  it  is  certain  that  the 
grand  stands  were  jammed  solid  with  cheer- 
ing humanity,  that  men,  women  and  chil- 
dren of  all  ages  and  types  swarmed  like  a 
colony  of  ants  through  the  various  exhibits, 
and  that  automobiles  of  every  kind  known 
to  the  trade  were  paraded  all  over  the 
parking  space. 

It  was  a  happy,  good-natured  crowd,  in 
which  the  millionaire  rubbed  elbows  with 
the  farm  boy,  and  those  who  came  by  trol- 
ley had  just  as  much  chance  for  enjoyment 
as  those  who  came  in  the  most  expensive 
touring  car.  To  be  sure,  the  horse  is  the 
star  performer  at  Rockingham  fair,  but 
that  is  no  reason  why  the  other  features 
should  be  overlooked,  and  they  were  not. 

This  was  Governor's  day  on  the  program, 
but  in  reality  it  might  better  have  been  de- 
scribed as  Everybody's  day.  At  least,  that 
is  the  way  it  looked  to  the  visitor.  Gov. 
Samuel  D.  Felker  of  New  Hampshire  was 
on  hand,  of  course,  with  Mrs,  Felker  and 
members  of  his  staff. 

He  was  received  fittingly  with  the  cus- 
tomary brass  band  accompaniment,  was 
whisked  across  the  track  in  a  miniature 
procession  of  automobiles  and  escorted  to 
the  grandstand.  There  he  made  an  ap- 
propriate speech,  or  went  through  an  ani- 


144 


TYPES   OF  NEWS   WRITING 


mated  pantomime,  the  impression  differing 
with  the  distance  the  listener  was  from  him. 
At  any  rate,  the  crowd  judged  him  by  his 
good  intentions  and  applauded  heartily. 
Gov.  Foss  was  unable  to  be  present,  but 
was  well  represented  by  Mrs.  Foss  and  his 
two  pretty  daughters. 

"Something  doing  every  minute"  seems 
to  have  been  the  motto  of  the  fair  manage- 
ment, and  the  motto  was  well  observed. 
Apart  from  the  racing,  the  fair  has  enough 
attractions  to  keep  a  visitor  busy  for  a  cou- 
ple of  days  at  least,  and  then  said  visitor 
would  be  better  satisfied  if  he  could  possess 
himself  of  an  extra  set  of  eyes. 

The  effect  of  the  place  is  kaleidoscopic,  or 
rather  that  of  a  talking  moving  picture  run 
wild.  It  is  a  perfect  jumble  of  color  and 
soimd.  Bands  are  playing,  husky  barkers 
are  shouting,  bulls  are  bellowing,  cows  are 
lowing,  sheep  are  baaing,  hens  are  cackling, 
auto  horns  are  tooting — all  off  the  key  but 
in  a  pleasant  discordance. 

And  people — as  an  exhibit  of  the  plain 
people  and  of  the  varnished  people,  too,  the 
place  has  few  rivals.  There  is  the  man  from 
back  in  the  hills,  whose  bucoUc  chin  whisker 
wags  in  rapture  over  some  particular  breed 
of  hogs,  and  there  is  the  landed  proprietor, 
who  is  as  interested  as  an  amateur  in  some 
particular  strain  of  stock.  You  see  an  over- 
ailed  individual  drawling  casual  orders  to  a 
stolid  yoke  of  oxen,  and  then,  turning  again, 
you  come  upon  Arthur  Waldo  in  the  pink 
of  sartorial  neatness,  sizing  up  a  prize  sheep. 

There  is  contrast  everywhere.  If  you 
are  looking  for  the  latest  in  horsey  fashion, 
stroll  about  the  grandstand,  and  if  you 
want  to  see  what  the  agriculturist  consid- 
ers a  good  all-purpose  costume,  nm  down 
to  the  sheds.  Young  America  with  his  best 
girl  is  much  in  evidence  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  ice-cream  cone  and  lemonade  stand, 
and  Old  America  is  there,  too,  just  as  young 
as  any  of  them. 

Away  over  behind  the  grandstand  are 
the  cattle  sheds,  where  one  may  fill  his  eye 
with  as  many  different  kinds  of  cows,  bulls 
and  oxen  as  he  ever  imagined.  There  they 
are — the  Jerseys,  the  Guernseys,  the  Hol- 
steins,  the  Ayrshires,  and  whatever  other 
kinds  there  be,  all  beautifully  groomed, 


with  horns  polished.  Some  are  decked 
with  blue  ribbons  and  some  with  red,  and 
some  which  have  no  ribbons  at  all  appear 
about  as  good  as  their  rivals.  Out  in  the 
field  to  the  rear,  quiet  men  take  technical 
notice  of  good  points  of  competitors,  and 
make  the  awards  without  any  fuss. 

Judges  are  everywhere.  They  are  busy 
with  cattle  and  they  are  busy  with  hens  and 
with  geese,  with  hogs — there  is  a  whole  ex- 
hibit of  blue  ones — with  fish,  with  fruit, 
with  vegetables,  with  embroidery  and  with 
needlework.  By  the  way,  the  housewife 
should  not  be  overlooked,  for  the  skill 
of  the  woman  of  the  Rebeccas  and  the 
Granges,  either  with  the  needle  or  the  cook- 
stove,  is  not  to  be  despised. 

There  is  much  to  attract  the  serious- 
minded,  and  for  those  who  are  not  so  seri- 
ous there  is  the  Looney  Lane.  It  is  a  long 
lane,  a  good  half  mile,  if  not  more.  And 
there  is  to  be  found  about  every  side  show 
that  ingenuity  has  yet  devised. 

The  streets  of  this  midway  are  dense,  and 
the  business  flourishing.  You  can  try  your 
luck  on  a  "beautiful,  blue-eyed  baby-doll," 
or  a  teddy-bear,  on  umbrellas,  on  rings,  on 
stickpins  and  a  variety  of  other  useful  com- 
modities. You  can  visit  strange  oriental 
houris,  see  the  wild  girl,  or  pay  your  money 
for  some  allurement  that  is  "for  men  only." 
Lady  wrestlers,  diving  girls,  freaks  without 
number,  even  the  "original  cigarette  fiend" 
are  all  to  be  viewed  "for  the  trifling  and  in- 
considerable expenditure  of  one  dime."  But 
what's  the  use — they  are  all  there  with 
"spielers"  to  match. 

With  the  exception  of  the  races,  probably 
the  most  interesting  feature  was  the  horse 
show.  Yesterday's  program  was  one  of  un- 
usual excellence,  and  ran  through  several  of 
the  most  striking  classes  of  saddle  horses 
and  hunters  and  jumpers. 

The  Lawson  cup,  presented  by  Thomas 
W.  Lawson,  for  gig  horses  not  under  15.1  or 
over  15.3  hands,  went  to  Sir  James,  Alfred 
G.  Vanderbilt's  entry.  Glen  Riddle's  The 
Virginian  carried  off  the  Copley-Plaza  cup 
in  the  Corinthian  class,  and  Mr.  Riddle  was 
again  fortunate  in  capturing  the  Andrew 
Adie  cup  in  the  class  for  hunt  teams  of 
three  each. 


EXHIBITIONS,   ENTERTAINMENTS,   SPECIAL  OCCASIONS     145 


One  of  the  prettiest  classes  of  the  after- 
noon was  that  for  park  four-in-hands  with 
lady  drivers,  which  was  won  by  Mrs.  P.  T. 
Roche  of  Leominster,  after  a  skillful  exhib- 
ition. Another  spectacular  number  was  the 
tandem  race,  a  one-mile  dash  on  the  race 
track,  which  was  won  by  P.  T.  Roche. 


OPENING  OF  MARKET 

New  York  Times 

Crowds  of  many  thousands  filled  Wash- 
ington Market  yesterday  to  celebrate  the 
formal  reopening  of  the  building  since  it  has 
been  reconstructed  and  converted  into  a 
model  market  of  glass,  marble,  porcelain, 
enamel,  and  nickel  flooded  with  light  from  a 
series  of  large  overhead  windows. 

The  ceremonies  began  with  the  arrival  of 
a  procession  with  a  band  at  its  head,  city 
officials  in  automobiles  following  and  the 
forty  exempt  firemen  with  their  antiquated 
engines  bringing  up  the  rear.  The  main 
floor  and  galleries  were  thronged,  and  hun- 
dreds of  persons  had  to  be  turned  away 
while  the  speechmaking  was  going  on. 

Mayor  Mitchel  said  that  the  reopening 
of  Washington  Market  as  a  modern  insti- 
tution was  only  a  step  in  the  plan  to  dot  the 
city  with  model  markets. 

"The  new  Washington  Market,"  he 
said,  "is  a  link  in  a  chain  of  retail  markets 
which  I  hope  that  the  city  will  some  time 
own  and  control.  Such  a  system  of  retail 
markets  will  be  a  part  of  a  still  more  com- 
prehensive system  of  food  distribution.  The 
entire  plan  will  comprise  wholesale  terminal 
markets  which  will  receive  supplies  of  all 
kinds  for  distribution  with  the  least  possible 
handling  and  waste  and  will  have  a  marked 
effect  in  keeping  down  the  cost  of  living. 

"We  want  to  reduce  the  cost  of  bringing 
food  into  the  city,  and  this  can  be  done  by 
means  of  better  transit  facilities  with  ter- 
minal markets  to  increase  the  convenience 
of  the  people  of  this  city  in  buying  at  retail 
in  some  of  the  finest  and  most  sanitary 
markets  in  the  world.  The  plans  are  only 
now  in  the  process  of  formation  and  I  hope 
that  the  people  will  support  the  city  offi- 
cials in  bringing  them  to  completion." 


George  McAneny,  President  of  the 
Board  of  Aldermen,  briefly  reviewed  the 
history  of  the  market  and  of  its  reconstruc- 
tion. 

"This  building  was  a  disgrace  to  the  city 
four  years  ago,"  he  said.  "But  the  new 
building  is  offered  as  a  promise  that  this  in 
time  shall  be  the  standard  of  all  markets  of 
the  city.  The  start  toward  the  reconstruc- 
tion of  Washington  Market  was  made  six 
years  ago  by  the  money  saved  through 
other  economies.  We  saved  nearly  $500,- 
000  from  the  $3,000,000  given  to  us  to  use 
and  $43,000  of  this  saving  went  toward  the 
remodeled  market." 

The  history  of  Washington  Market  and 
a  detailed  explanation  of  the  great  improve- 
ments that  had  been  made  were  given  by 
Matthew  Micolino,  President  of  the  Wash- 
ington Market  Merchants'  Association. 
Others  on  the  speakers'  platform  were 
Ralph  Folks,  Commissioner  of  PubHc 
Works;  Simon  Steiner,  one  of  the  oldest 
dealers  in  Washington  Market,  and  Mrs. 
Julian  Heath,  President  of  the  National 
Housewives'  League. 

Borough  President  Marcus  M.  Marks, 
Chairman  of  the  Market  Committee,  who 
called  up  on  the  long-distance  telephone 
from  San  Francisco  when  he  was  at  the  ex- 
position to  settle  some  of  the  details  of  the 
market  and  to  decide  on  the  date  of  its 
opening,  told  yesterday  of  the  visits  paid  to 
the  old  market  by  Edward  VII.  when  he  was 
Prince  of  Wales  and  by  Presidents  Grant, 
Garfield,  Arthur,  and  Cleveland.  He  added: 

"Presidents  bring  honor,  but  residents 
bring  business.  I  wish  you  both — busi- 
ness and  honor.  The  oysterman,  Cornelius 
Vanderbilt,  was  among  those  who  in  early 
days  helped  to  make  the  market  a  success. 
In  the  old  building  the  business  had  been 
carried  up  to  more  than  $5,000,000  a  year, 
and  I  prophesy  that  your  business  will  run 
up  to  $10,000,000  a  year." 

Controller  Prendergast  said  that  the  new 
market  ought  to  arouse  the  people  of  the 
city  to  the  possibilities  of  having  a  fine 
market  system. 

"We  have  been  trying  to  solve  the  mar- 
ket problem  through  three  or  four  unre- 
lated departments,"  he  said,  "but  nothing 


146 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


can  be  accomplished  without  central  au- 
thority. Last  Spring  we  asked  the  Legisla- 
ture for  authority  to  amend  our  charter  to 
provide  for  a  Department  of  Markets,  but 
it  refused.  I  think  this  was  a  great  mistake. 
We  shall  make  the  same  application  again 
this  Winter.  If  the  new  Constitution  goes 
through  we  will  ask  the  Board  of  Aldermen 
to  pass  a  bill  creating  such  a  body." 

During  the  week  the  special  exhibits  will 
occupy  places  in  the  galleries.  Up  in  the 
gallery  is  a  woman  suffrage  booth,  from 
which  printed  arguments  in  favor  of  giving 
women  the  vote  were  distributed  yesterday, 
with  oral  arguments  for  those  who  stayed 
to  listen.  In  another  corner  of  the  gallery 
the  National  Security  League  had  an  ex- 
hibition of  modern  small  arms  and  various 
charts  showing  the  low  rank  in  military 
strength  held  by  this  country  in  comparison 
with  other  powers.  The  National  House- 
wives' League  had  a  booth  from  which 
advice  on  reducing  the  cost  of  living  was 
issued  and  various  patent  foods  were  ad- 
vertised. 

Today  will  be  given  over  to  an  exposition 
of  the  pure  food  principles  for  which  the 
market  stands.  The  speakers  will  be  Alfred 
W.  McCann,  Joseph  Hartigan,  Commis- 
sioner of  Weights  and  Measures;  John 
Boschen,  Sidney  H.  Goodacre,  and  Frank 
H.  Hines.  Tomorrow  will  be  suffrage  day 
and  Thursday  the  day  of  the  National 
Housewives'  League.  Friday  and  Saturday 
will  be  market  days,  with  reduced  prices 
on  everything. 


OPENING  OF  TUNNEL 

Chicago  Record-Herald 

NEW  YORK,  Feb.  26,  2  a.  m.— Just  at 
midnight  an  electric  train,  jammed  to  its 
capacity  with  marveling  passengers,  slipped 
out  of  the  Nineteenth  street  station,  darted 
down  beneath  the  Hudson  River  and,  a 
few  moments  later,  pulled  into  the  terminus 
at  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

This  train  was  the  first  actual  passenger 
train  to  run  through  the  new  $60,000,000 
tunnel  and  submarine  system  which  con- 
nects New  York  and  New  Jersey,  and 


which  had  been  officially  opened  at  3:40 
o'clock  yesterday  afternoon,  by  the  pres- 
sure of  the  presidential  finger  on  a  gold- 
mounted  telegraph  key  on  President  Roose- 
velt's desk  at  the  White  House. 

At  the  instant  the  signal  flashed  over  the 
wires  from  Washington,  the  power  was 
thrown  into  the  machinery  and  the  first 
official  train  of  the  Hudson  and  Manhattan 
Railroad  Company,  which  constructed  the 
tunnel,  started  on  its  way. 

Governor  Hughes  of  New  York,  Gov- 
ernor Fort  of  New  Jersey,  city  officials 
and  railroad  men  of  prominence,  800  alto- 
gether, were  in  the  official  party. 

The  official  train  carried  eight  cars,  all 
of  them  filled  to  overflowing.  MilUonaires 
joined  the  ranks  of  the  straphangers  on  this 
occasion,  E.  H.  Harriman  among  the  num- 
ber, while  further  down  the  same  car  Cor- 
nelius Vanderbilt  was  propped  up  against 
a  door  jamb. 

Under  the  bed  of  the  river  midway 
through  the  tube  the  train  hesitated  for  a 
moment  where  the  boundary  line  between 
New  York  and  New  Jersey  was  marked  by 
a  chain  of  glittering  incandescent  lights. 
The  two  governors  arose  and  clasped  hands, 
and  then  the  train  dashed  on  and  climbed 
out  of  the  big  hole  into  the  Hoboken  depot 
of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western 
Railroad. 

There  a  jollification  meeting  was  held  over 
the  successful  accomplishment  of  a  task 
which  has  been  repeatedly  attempted,  but 
without  results  until  William  McAdoo  took 
hold.  Governors  Hughes  and  Fort  were  the 
chief  speakers  and  there  were  short  ad- 
dresses by  representatives  of  the  railroads 
and  of  the  cities  interested.  President 
Roosevelt  sent  a  personal  letter  to  President 
McAdoo,  which  was  read. 

The  letter  follows: 

Feb.  17,  1908.  My  Dear  Mr.  McAdoo:— 
Now  that  a  beginning  is  to  be  made  in  open- 
ing for  operation  the  Hudson  tunnel  system, 
I  write  to  express  my  regret  that  I  cannot  be 
present  in  person,  and  my  high  appreciation 
of  what  you  have  accomplished.  The  tun- 
neling of  the  Hudson  River  is  indeed  a  notable 
achievement — one  of  those  achievements  of 
which  all  Americans  are,  as  they  should  be, 
justly  proud.  The  tunnel  itself  and  the  great 


EXHIBITIONS,    ENTERTAINMENTS,    SPECIAL  OCCASIONS     147 


buildings  constructed  in  connection  there- 
with represent  a  work  of  extraordinary  mag- 
nitude, represent  extraordinary  difficulties 
successfully  overcome,  while  difficulty  and 
magnitude  are  even  surpassed  by  the  useful- 
ness of  the  achievement.  The  whole  system 
is  practically  below  tidal  water,  and  this 
makes  it  much  the  greatest  subaqueous  tun- 
nel in  the  world.  It  is  a  bigger  undertaking 
than  any  Alpine  tunnel  which  has  yet  been 
constructed,  and  the  successful  completion 
represents  the  moving  of  New  Jersey  bodily 
three  miles  nearer  to  New  York  in  point  of 
time  and  immensely  increases  the  ease  of 
access  from  one  state  to  the  other.  You  who 
ha\'B  brought  this  great  achievement  to  a  suc- 
cessful conclusion  ought  to  be  most  heartily 
congratulated.  It  is  the  kind  of  business 
achievement  which  is  in  the  highest  degree 
creditable  to  the  American  people,  and  for 
which  American  people  should  feel  and  pub- 
licly acknowledge  their  hearty  gratitude. 
Sincerely  yours, 

.    THEODORE   ROOSEVELT. 

After  the  oratory,  the  guests  were  es- 
corted through  the  imposing  system  of  un- 
derground terminals  at  the  New  Jersey  end 
of  the  tube,  and  then  the  official  party  re- 
traversed  the  tunnel  to  New  York. 

Last  night,  the  celebration  of  the  event, 
which  is  believed  to  be  the  first  step  in  a 
great  system  of  tunnels  under  the  Hudson, 
was  continued  with  a  banquet  at  Sherry's. 
The  regular  service  began  with  the  starting 
of  the  first  train  at  midnight. 

President  Roosevelt  pressed  the  button 
which  formally  opened  the  tunnel  at  3 :  40 
o'clock  eastern  time,  yesterday  afternoon, 
immediately  following  the  receipt  of  this 
telegram  from  President  McAdoo: 

The  first  official  train  of  the  Hudson  and 
Manhattan  Railroad  Company,  under  the 
Hudson  River,  awaits  your  signal  and  pleas- 


UNVEILING  OF  STATUE 

New  York  Evening  Post 

With  the  unveiling  on  Monday  of  the 
new  statue  on  Riverside  Drive,  Jeanne  d' Arc 
takes  her  place  permanently  in  New  York 
city.   New  York  is  not  the  most  natural 


of  settings  for  Jeanne  d'Arc,  burgerette  of 
Domremy-sur-Meuse,  warrior,  woman  saint 
of  France,  but  since  she  is  to  be  here,  the 
Drive  is  a  good  place  for  her.  There  is  an 
open  sweep  of  view  there,  and  hills  beyond. 
And,  in  early  mornings,  and  at  twilight 
when  the  lights  on  the  river  begin  to  show 
coral  in  the  blue-gray  mist,  something  very 
like  the  spirit  of  the  city  is  made  visible. 

It  is  this  same  characteristic — the  see- 
ing of  the  invisible,  the  touching  of  the 
intangible — which  is  in  the  statue  and 
makes  it  what  it  is.  Anna  Vaughn  Hyatt, 
its  sculptor,  sees  only  the  spiritual  in 
Jeanne,  and  in  her  work  she  holds  indefi- 
nitely for  us  the  moment  after  the  finding  of 
the  consecrated  sword,  which  Jeanne  holds 
high  over  her  head  as  she  stands  erect  in 
her  saddle,  her  head  thrown  back  in  exalta- 
tion. The  horse  is  all  but  prancing.  There 
is  something  of  certainty  and  joyousness 
about  the  whole  which  could  be  inspired  by 
nothing  purely  material  or  temporal.  The 
upward  gesture  of  the  sword  is  not  without 
meaning — it  is  the  natural  movement  of  a 
person  who  has  had  a  great  revelation,  a 
deep  creative  instinct.  She  is  holding  the 
sword  up  to  God. 

The  idea  of  the  statue  for  this  city,  to 
celebrate  the  five  hundredth  anniversary  of 
the  birth  of  Jeanne  in  1412,  and  to  be  made 
by  an  American  woman  sculptor,  is  about 
six  years  old,  and  originated  with  J.  San- 
ford  Saltus  and  George  Frederick  Kunz. 
They  are,  respectively,  the  honorary  presi- 
dent and  president  of  the  Joan  of  Arc 
Statue  Committee,  founded  December 
4,  1909,  of  which  Gabriel  Hanotaux  and 
Pierre  Loti,  membres  de  I'lnstitut  Fran^ais, 
are  the  honorary  vice-presidents.  The 
work  has  taken  time  and  it  has  been  well 
done.  Besides  the  Committee  of  twenty- 
four  members,  and  the  sculptor  herself, 
there  was  an  architect,  Prof.  John  V.  Van 
Pelt,  a  landscape  architect,  Carl  F.  Pilat, 
a  consultant  on  armor,  Bashford  Dean, 
Ph.D.,  curator  of  armor  at  the  MetropoH- 
tan  Museum  of  Art,  Cass  Gilbert,  adviser 
of  architectural  competition,  a  jury  on  ar- 
chitectural competition,  and  a  Committee 
of  the  Municipal  Art  Commission  on  Whole 
Design. 


148 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


The  whole  idea  has  been  a  combination 
of  the  American  with  the  French.  Miss 
Hyatt  herself  is  of  French  descent  and  has 
studied  largely  in  France.  The  very  foim- 
dation  of  the  statue  is  made  of  stones  from 
the  Tower  of  Rouen,  in  which  Jeanne  was 
confined. 

And  the  dedication  at  2 :  30  on  Monday 
afternoon,  at  Riverside  Drive  and  93d 
Street,  to  which  twenty-one  societies  and 
institutes,  both  French  and  American,  will 
send  delegations,  bears  out  the  idea  well. 
These  delegations  will  come  from  the 
American  Scenic  and  Historic  Preservation 
Society,  the  Alliance  Frangaise  de  New 
York,  the  American  Numismatic  Society, 
the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution, 
Daughters  of  the  Revolution,  F6d6ration 
de  I'Alliance  Frangaise  aux  Etats-Unis, 
Fine  Arts  Federation,  France-America 
Committee,  Jeanne  D'Arc  Home,  Metro- 
politan Museum  of  Art,  Museum  of  French 
Art,  Institut  Frangais  aux  Etats-Unis,  Na- 
tional Academy  of  Design,  National  Sculp- 
ture Society,  New  York  Historical  Society, 
Soci6t6  des  Architects  Diplomas  par  le 
Gouvernement,  Soci^td  Nationale  des  Pro- 
fesseurs  Frangais,  Society  of  Beaux  Arts 
Architects,  Society  of  the  United  States 
Daughters  of  1812,  Society  of  the  War  of 
1812,  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution, 
Sons  of  the  Revolution. 

The  service  of  dedication  will  open  with 
the  American  National  Anthem  played  by 
the  French  Band  of  the  Lafayette  Guards. 
The  Very  Rev.  Theophile  Wucher,  pastor  of 
the  French  Chiirch  of  St.  Vincent  de  Paul, 
will  give  the  invocation.  Dr.  Kunz  the  ad- 
dress of  welcome,  and  J.  Sanford  Saltus  the 
address  of  presentation.  The  statue  will  be 
unveiled  by  Mrs.  Thomas  A.  Edison,  one  of 
the  Committee  members,  and  the  unveiling 
will  be  followed  by  the  French  National 
Anthem  and  salute.  After  the  statue  has 
been  received  in  the  name  of  the  city  by 
Park  Commissioner  Cabot  Ward,  a  letter 
of  congratulation  from  President  Wilson 
will  be  read  and  addresses  will  be  made 
by  J.  J.  Jusserand,  French  Ambassador  to 
the  United  States;  Robert  W.  de  Forest, 
LL.D.,  president  of  the  Metropolitan  Mu- 
seum of  Art;  McDougall  Hawkes,  president 


of  the  Museum  of  French  Art,  I'lnstitut 
Frangais  aux  Etats-Unis;  Professor  Dela- 
marre,  secretary-general  of  the  Federation 
de  I'Alliance  Frangaise  aux  Etats-Unis,  and 
J.  Alden  Weir,  president  of  the  National 
Academy  of  Design.  If  the  weather  is  not 
fair  on  Monday,  these  exercises  will  be  held 
in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  His- 
tory. 

President  Wilson's  letter  which  will  be 
placed  in  the  pedestal  with  letters  from 
Governor  Whitman  and  leading  city  offi- 
cials, says: 

"My  dear  Dr.  Kunz: 

"I  hope  that  on  Monday,  December  the 
sixth,  you  will  convey  to  the  Joan  of  Arc 
Statue  Committee  my  warmest  congratu- 
lations upon  the  successful  completion  of 
their  work. 

"Joan  of  Arc  is  one  of  those  ideal  historic 
figures  to  whom  the  thought  of  patriotic 
people  turns  back  for  inspiration.  In  her 
seems  to  have  been  embodied  the  pure  en- 
thusiasm which  makes  for  all  that  is  heroic 
and  poetic. 

"Cordially  and  sincerely  yours, 

"WooDROw  Wilson." 

This  statue  is  the  fifteenth  equestrian 
statue  of  Jeanne  d'Arc,  but  it  is  the  first  one 
made  by  a  woman.  Thirteen  of  these  are 
in  France,  and  one  in  Philadelphia.  The 
figure  of  the  Maid  was  modelled  after  Clara 
Hunter  Hyatt,  the  sculptor's  niece,  but  the 
face  is  idealistic,  giving  Miss  Hyatt's  own 
conception  of  the  way  Jeanne  looked.  The 
horse  was  modelled  in  Paris,  but  the  final 
work  for  the  statue  was  done  in  Miss  Hy- 
att's Studio  in  Annisquam,  Massachusetts, 
where  she  worked  almost  entirely  outdoors. 
A  model  of  this  statue  has  been  placed  in  the 
Cathedral  at  Blois  where  Jeanne  was  con- 
firmed and  a  bronze  copy  will  be  placed  in 
front  of  the  Cathedral  as  soon  as  the  money 
can  be  raised. 

Especially  numerous  are  the  statues  and 
memorials  of  Jeanne  in  and  around  Dom- 
remy,  now  caUed  Domremy-la-Pucelle  in 
her  honor.  A  statue  of  her  by  E.  Paul, 
erected  in  1885,  stands  in  front  of  the  vil- 
lage church  and  above  the  door  is  a  mural 
painting  by  Baize  representing  her  as  she 
listened  to  the  Voices.  In  the  garden  of  the 


EXHIBITIONS,    ENTERTAINMENTS,    SPECIAL  OCCASIONS     149 


cottage  where  she  was  born,  near  to  the 
church,  is  a  group  by  Merci6  showing  her 
as  she  left  her  home  led  by  the  Genius  of 
France,  and  over  the  door  are  the  royal 
arms  of  France  and  those  given  to  Jeanne 
and  her  family.  In  a  niche  above  is  a  kneel- 
ing figure  of  a  girl,  made  about  1456,  and 
the  cottage  has  become  almost  a  museum, 
filled  with  small  belongings  of  Jeanne  her- 
self. It  is  hard  to  come  back  from  Dom- 
remy-la-Pucelle  to  the  corner  of  Riverside 
Drive  and  93d  Street.  But,  even  here,  the 
Maid  may  feel  not  entirely  homeless.  She 
brings  her  joy  and  her  certainty  with  her, 
and  at  twilight,  if  she  glances  out  over  the 
river  to  the  hills,  she  may  find,  where  the 
lights  show  coral  through  the  mist,  a 
glimpse  of  things  unseen. 


Note  —  The  next  two  stones,  which  describe 
a  pageant  parade,  should  be  compared  with 
reference  to  style  and  tone. 

AUTOMOBILE  PAGEANT  PARADE 

(1) 
New  York  Herald 

More  than  three  thousand  automobiles, 
many  of  them  handsomely  decorated  and 
illimiinated,  helped  to  impress  upon 
throngs  of  spectators  in  the  city  streets 
last  night  the  fact  that  great  strides  have 
been  made  in  the  development  of  both 
pleasure  and  service  vehicles.  The  pag- 
eant, which  was  a  feature  of  the  Tercen- 
tenary celebration,  also  gave  to  thousands 
an  hour  of  brightness  and  pleasure. 

The  parade  started  in  Harlem,  and,  after 
covering  the  principal  streets  there,  swept 
down  town  and  passed  the  reviewing  stand 
in  front  of  the  New  York  Public  Library. 
Governor  Glynn  and  Mayor  Mitchel 
reached  the  stand  at  the  head  of  the  col- 
umn. They  were  accompanied,  the  Gover- 
nor by  his  staff,  and  Mayor  Mitchel  by 
prominent  citizens. 

As  both  officials  had  other  engagements, 
they  left  before  the  second  division  ar- 
rived, but  they  enjoyed  seeing  the  motor- 
cycles dash  past,  many  in  grotesque  deco- 
Tations. 


As  one  of  the  motorcycles  sped  down 
Fifth  avenue  below  Forty-second  street 
it  encountered  a  big  automobile.  Police- 
men managed  to  draw  them  apart. 

One  of  the  amusing  features  of  the  divi- 
sion was  the  musicians  riding  on  motor- 
cycles. They  had  on  war  bonnets  and 
were  escorted  by  a  band  of  Indians. 

One  young  woman  in  white  duck  trou- 
sers, coat  and  cap,  her  costume  being  the 
counterpart  of  that  of  her  male  compan- 
ion, attracted  a  good  deal  of  attention,  as 
the  two  sped  past  the  official  stand. 

The  celerity  with  which  this  division 
went  down  Fifth  avenue  led  spectators 
who  filled  the  three  stands — the  Governor's 
at  the  south,  the  Mayor's  in  the  centre 
and  a  third  at  the  north  of  the  block — as 
well  as  the  thousands  forming  a  solid  mass 
along  the  streets,  to  believe  that  the 
pageant  would  move  quickly.  But  a  wait 
of  almost  half  an  hour  ensued  after  the 
passing  of  the  "  Indians." 

At  last  the  intercepted  line  of  decorated 
automobiles  began  to  appear,  and  for  more 
than  an  hour  there  was  an  unceasing 
flashing  of  brilliant  lights,  massed  flowers, 
bunting,  pennants  and  flags,  aU  of  which 
formed  attractive  decorations. 

"Neutrality"  was  greeted  with  applause 
when  an  automobile  filled  with  young 
women  dressed  in  the  national  colors 
whizzed  by  the  judges'  box.  "He  Comes 
Up  Smiling,"  showing  an  unusually  tall 
man  wearing  bathroom  attire,  who  fre- 
quently plunged  into  the  depths  of  a  huge 
bathtub,  brought  forth  shouts. 

The  suffragists  had  four  automobiles  in 
one  division.  These  were  decorated  with 
"votes  for  women"  colors  and  pennants 
and  big  banners  across  the  tonneau  with 
"  Victory  in  1915  "  in  black  letters  on  yellow 
or  blue. 

Louis  Annis  Ames  acted  as  grand  mar- 
shal and  William  G.  Poertner  was  marshal. 
The  judges  of  decorated  cars  were  George 
W.  Breck,  W.  A.  Boring,  Alan  R.  Hawley, 
William  W.  Knowles,  Harry  H.  Good,  E. 
A.  McCoy  and  William  H.  Page.  The  asso- 
ciate judges  of  the  automobile  division 
were  Alfred  Reeves  and  C.  F.  Clarkson; 
of  the  motorcycle  division,  F.  V.  Clark  and 


15° 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


J.  L.  Sauer,  and  of  the  advertising,  O.  J. 
Gude,  William  H.  Jones,  Russell  Field, 
A,  M.  Van  Buren  and  George  B.  Van  Cleve. 
A  reception  to  Governor  Glynn  and 
Mayor  Mitchel  was  held  after  the  parade 
at  the  AutomobUe  Club  of  America,  No. 
247  West  Fifty-fourth  street. 


(2) 
New  York  World 

Have  you  ever  been  in  a  smoking  car 
when  the  man  in  the  seat  ahead  was  trying 
to  prove  that  forced  draught  does  not  im- 
prove the  natural  perfume  of  a  rubber 
plant  in  a  cigar  make-up?  If  you  have  not 
it  will  be  impossible  to  bring  to  you  from 
last  night  the  atmosphere  of  the  automo- 
bile parade  in  celebration  of  New  York's 
three  hundredth  business  birthday. 

The  fact  that  many  of ,  the  automobiles 
were  charmingly  decorated  proved  nothing 
except  that  one  can  never  tell  by  the  band 
what  sort  of  smoke  it  is  wrapped  around. 

Take  a  pretty  light  blue  scarf  of  oil 
smudge  and  weave  it  about  festoons  of  parti- 
colored incandescent  globes  suspended 
along  the  sidewalks,  and  you  have  the 
scene  at  Fifth  avenue  and  Forty-second 
street  last  night,  as  the  parade  snorted 
past  the  reviewing  stand  in  front  of  the 
public  library. 

The  plan  was  to  have  Gov.  Glynn  and 
Mayor  Mitchel  sit  in  the  stand  and  watch 
the  parade  go  by.  But  the  Governor  and 
the  Mayor  had  so  many  other  engagements 
last  night  that  they  started  with  the  pa- 
rade, arrived  half  an  hour  before  it,  and  got 
away  before  the  parade  arrived  at  the 
reviewing  stand. 

Fortunately,  however,  most  persons  in 
the  automobiles  did  not  know  that,  and 
the  men  saluted  just  as  correctly,  and  the 
women  bowed  just  ^s  sweetly,  as  if  the 
rulers  were  on  the  job — so  nobody  could 
see  that  it  made  much  difference  that  they 
were  not. 

Officials  in  charge  said  that  the  reason 
the  motorcycle  portion  of  the  parade  ar- 
rived about  half  an  hour  before  the  next 
section  was  that  the  motorcycles  could  not 


stop  or  they  would  tip  over.  The  fact  that 
there  were  several  long  gaps  in  the  parade 
was  due  to  no  fault  of  theirs,  the  officials 
added. 

The  gaps  gave  spectators — when  they 
weren't  thinking  how  chilly  it  had  got 
all  of  a  sudden — a  chance  to  observe  how 
neat  and  roomy  the  Fifth  avenue  roadway 
looks  when  there  is  no  traffic  on  it.  Many 
persons  thought  this  the  most  remarkable 
sight  of  the  evening. 

More  than  2,000  automobiles  and  trucks 
and  1,000  motorcycles  were  in  line.  Prizes 
worth  more  than  $6,000  had  been  offered 
— $5,000  worth  by  the  Tercentenary  Com- 
mission. 

By  way  of  proving  that  some  persons 
wiU  try  anything  once  to  win  a  prize, 
women  in  some  of  the  most  beautifully 
gotten  up  cars  failed  to  put  on  the  same 
amount  of  clothes  they  would  fail  to  put 
on  if  they  were  going  to  the  opera.  Nobody 
denied  that  this  was  a  fetching  idea  in  auto- 
mobile decorations — but  it  was  cold  enough 
last  night  to  wear  at  least  a  necklace,  which, 
indeed,  some  of  those  women  did. 

Among  the  floats  was  one  advertising  a 
make  of  auto  tire.  Two  gigantic  human 
shaped  figures,  made  of  tiring — or  what- 
ever they  call  the  stuff  they  make  tires  of 
— wobbled  about  on  a  big  float.  Then 
there  was  a  man  who  kept  coming  up  smil- 
ing from  the  depths  of  a  big  bathtub.  When 
one  saw  him  at  a  distance  one  was  thrUled, 
but  on  nearer  view  one  perceived  that  he 
was  really  wearing  tights. 

The  Peace  Float,  the  Santa  Claus  Ship 
(which  The  World  is  going  to  send  to 
Europe  laden  with  presents  for  the  father- 
less). The  World's  own  float,  showing  the 
way  New  York  got  its  news  three  hundred 
years  ago  and  the  way  it  gets  it  to-day  (in 
The  World,  of  course),  the  Woman  Suf- 
frage automobiles,  and  private  machines 
covered  with  flowers,  were  among  the  en- 
tries which  drew  applause  from  a  quarter 
million  persons  who  banked  the  line  of 
march  from  One  Hundred  and  Twenty- 
fifth  street  and  Madison  avenue  through 
numerous  other  streets,  including  Broad- 
way and  Fifth  avenue  to  the  point  of  dis- 
persal at  Columbus  Circle. 


EXHIBITIONS,   ENTERTAINMENTS,    SPECIAL   OCCASIONS     151 


It  might  be  mentioned  that  Ralph  De 
Palma,  automobile  racer,  carrying  officials 
in  his  car,  and  under  instructions  to  hustle 
from  the  tail  to  the  head  of  the  parade, 
bumped  into  a  touring  car  at  Fifty-seventh 
street  and  Fifth  avenue.  The  touring  car 
lost  a  mudguard. 

A  reception  for  Gov.  Glynn  and  Mayor 
Mitchel,  who  are  Honorary  Presidents  of 
the  Commission,  was  held  in  the  Automo- 
bile Club  of  America  after  the  parade. 


MEMORIAL  DAY  PARADE 

New  York  Times 

Eight  hundred  white-haired  veterans  of 
the  civil  war  paraded  yesterday  under  faded 
and  bullet-riddled  flags  in  the  Memorial 
Day  procession  along  Riverside  Drive  from 
Seventy-fourth  Street  to  Ninety-second 
Street.  Because  it  was  the  fiftieth  anniver- 
sary of  the  end  of  their  days  on  the  battle- 
field, because  the  Grand  Army  men  had 
felt  the  vibration  of  patriotic  feeling  in  the 
atmosphere,  and  because  it  was  a  perfect 
day,  the  soldiers  of  the  civil  war,  in  spite  of 
the  waste  in  their  ranks  which  old  age  had 
made  in  recent  years,  turned  out  yesterday 
in  greater  number  than  they  have  at  any 
Memorial  Day  procession  in  the  preceding 
three  years. 

The  weather  brought  out  great  crowds 
along  the  Drive  and  in  other  parts  of  the 
city  where  Memorial  Day  exercises  of  one 
kind  or  another  were  held.  With  the  sky 
cloudless  and  the  sun  shining  brilliantly, 
breezes  from  the  Hudson  River  kept  the 
marchers  and  the  spectators  cool  and  put 
life  even  into  flags  which  shells  and  time 
had  almost  reduced  to  ribbons. 

Probably  more  than  50,000  people  had 
gathered  along  the  line  of  march.  As  the 
crowd  was  larger  it  was  also  more  enthusi- 
astic than  usual.  The  big  demonstrations 
were,  of  course,  for  the  game  old  men  and 
the  pathetic  ruins  of  their  colors.  In  spite 
of  the  fact  that  the  majority  of  them  had 
passed  three  score  and  ten  and  that  many 
crippled  by  old  wounds  and  age  had  to 
carry  canes,  they  responded  quickly  to 
tactical  orders  from  their  commanders  and 


as  a  body  moved  with  the  precision  of  a 
smooth-running  war  machine. 

Receiving  cheers  and  shouts  of  encour- 
agement at  every  block,  they  were  kept 
busy  smiling  and  saluting.  They  passed 
thousands  and  thousands  of  American 
flags,  as  a  large  proportion  of  those  in  the 
crowd  carried  small  ones.  Flags  were  hung 
out  of  windows  all  along  the  Drive. 

The  flag  display  throughout  the  city 
yesterday,  as  well  as  along  the  line  of  march 
of  the  procession,  was  the  greatest  the  city 
has  seen  since  Spanish  war  days  at  least. 
Along  many  of  the  residence  streets  flags 
hung  in  clusters.  Along  Broadway,  wher- 
ever there  was  a  flagpole,  there  was  a  large 
flag  out,  while  small  ones  by  thousands 
flapped  from  windows  and  thousands  of 
tiny  ones  stuck  out  of  buttonholes. 

Special  cheers  along  the  line  of  march 
were  given  for  the  twelve  doughty  old 
Zouaves  who  appeared  in  faded  red  baggy 
trousers  with  the  characteristic  jacket  and 
tasseled  fez.  Also  the  crowds  approved 
noisily  of  occasional  ranks  of  veterans  who 
appeared  with  swords  drawn  and  the 
blades  flashing  brightly. 

One  of  the  marchers  who  was  cheered 
all  the  way  along  the  route  was  George 
Sebech  of  Reno  Post,  No.  44,  who  carried 
medals  for  service  both  in  the  Mexican  and 
in  the  civil  war.  He  marched  sturdily,  and 
continually  saluted  and  waved  his  hat  at 
the  ovation  he  received.   He  said: 

"I  am  98  years  old,  but  I'll  be  marching 
here  ten  years  from  now,  when  these 
Spanish  war  boys  are  getting  gray." 

A  platoon  of  mounted  police  formed  the 
head  of  the  column  and  was  followed  by  a 
battalion  of  regidar  troops  of  the  Coast 
Artillery.  Next  came  the  First  Division  of 
the  National  Guard,  commanded  by  Major 
Gen.  John  F.  O'Ryan.  Following  were  the 
survivors  of  the  Grand  Army,  headed  by 
the  Grand  Marshal,  Commander  Sher- 
burne C.  Van  Tassel,  who  rode  a  bay 
charger.  The  members  of  his  staff  were 
Adjt.  Gen.  Joseph  B.  Lord,  Past  Grand 
Marshals  William  E.  Van  Wyck,  George 
M.  Barry,  Samuel  Mildenburg,  Isidore 
Isaacs,  George  H.  Stevens,  George  S.  Drew, 
Simpson  Hamburger,  and  WiUiam  Ivirch- 


152 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


ner,  Assistant  Adjutants  M.  B.  Wood,  John 
H.  Wood,  Charles  W.  Brown,  H.  J.  Kear- 
ney, Frank  J.  Schleder,  Harry  B.  Dennison, 
E.  K.  Fassett,  Wilham  H.  Elliott,  Captain 
Howard  M.  Graff,  Chief  Aid  and  Aids 
David  Loria,  Hugh  Fitzpatrick,  Henry 
Holmes,  Charles  Farmer,  Daniel  D.  Lawlor, 
Theodore  Joffe,  and  George  Blair. 

The  guard  of  honor  to  the  Grand  Mar- 
shal included  Farragut  Naval  Post,  No. 
516;  Farragut  Fleet,  Port  of  New  York; 
the  Monitor  Association,  Port  of  Brooklyn; 
the  Ella  Bixby  Tent,  No.  18,  Daughters  of 
Veterans,  and  Adams  Goss  Post,  No.  330. 

There  were  four  divisions  of  Grand  Army 
Posts,  and  in  the  other  divisions  marched 
several  columns  of  Spanish  War  veterans 
in  khaki  and  blue  flannel,  numerous  fife 
and  drum  corps,  bands  and  semi-miUtary 
organizations. 

In  the  reviewing  stand  at  Eighty-ninth 
Street  were  Rear  Admirals  C.  D.  Sigsbee, 
General  N.  W.  Day,  General  Anson  G. 
McCook,  Colonel  George  E.  Dewey,  Col- 
onel James  E.  March,  General  Horace 
Porter,  Colonel  C.  Blakewell,  and  Captain 
J.  B.  Greenhut,  besides  many  city  officials 
and  prominent  men. 


CHRISTMAS 

Washington  Times 

Santa  Claus,  Inc.,  President  of  the 
Christmas  Cheer  Corporation.  Organized 
in  the  District  of  Columbia  under  charter 
of  December  24,  1915. 

It  had  to  come.  The  job  was  getting  too 
big  for  one  jovial,  rotimd  man,  and  he  was 
afraid  he  would  miss  some  chimnej^s.  So 
Santa,  this  year,  is  a  captain  of  industry, 
operating  in  everj^  home  in  the  District  of 
Columbia,  and  in  institutions  as  well,  and 
so  far  the  Sherman  anti-trust  law  hasn't 
got  him. 

Sleighs  were  too  slow.  Anyway  there 
isn't  any  snow.   Bells  were  too  noisy. 

The  motor  truck  has  taken  the  place  of 
the  sleigh.  And  instead  of  depending  upon 
his  own  efforts,  Santa  has  enlisted  practi- 
cally every  organization,  every  lodge,  every 
society,   every   church,   every   settlement 


house  and  every  mission,  and  thousands  of 
individuals  in  his  gigantic  Christmas  cheer 
enterprise. 

Like  all  great  magnates,  Santa  is  not 
seen  by  his  workers.  But  his  spirit  presides 
over  the  entire  project,  and  societies,  clubs, 
groups  and  individuals  are  working  busily 
in  his  name. 

Every  church,  for  example,  is  planning 
its  annual  Christmas  celebration.  An  effort 
is  being  made  this  year  to  have  every  church 
provide  for  the  poor  in  its  territory,  and, 
instead  of  the  erstwhile  custom  of  giving 
gifts  to  its  own  members,  many  Sunday 
schools  have  applied  to  the  Associated 
Charities  for  names  of  families  to  whom 
they  might  carry  Christmas  dinners  and 
other  gifts. 

For  the  homeless  of  the  District  the 
Salvation  Army,  the  Gospel  Mission,  and 
the  Central  Union  Mission  are  giving  tur- 
key dinners,  to  be  followed  by  Christmas 
trees  for  those  children  where  the  home 
Christmas  might  not  be  as  happy  as  it 
should  be. 

At  the  Associated  Charities  volunteers 
are  busily  working  today  arranging  bas- 
kets to  be  taken  to  the  homes  of  families  on 
that  organization's  list,  and  in  every  case 
the  Christmas  dinner  will  be  accompanied 
by  some  gift  more  lasting,  such  as  a  quan- 
tity of  coal  or  clothing.  These  gifts  are  paid 
for  from  special  contributions  to  the  Christ- 
mas fund,  and  they  are  in  addition  to  the 
fourteen  "opportunities"  by  which  the 
Associated  Charities,  co-operating  with  the 
newspapers  of  the  city,  hopes  to  make 
fourteen  homes  happy  throughout  the 
year. 

At  both  the  Central  Union  and  the  Gos- 
pel Missions  turkey  dinners  will  be  served, 
and  at  the  Salvation  Army  there  will  be  a 
Christmas  breakfast  in  addition  to  the 
dinner. 

In  enlarging  the  scope  of  his  work  and 
his  force  of  helpers,  Santa  Claus  has  not 
forgotten  that  he  is  primarily  the  patron 
saint  of  children.  One  of  his  principal  help- 
ers is  the  Santa  Claus  girl,  whose  home  at 
70  Seaton  place  is  piled  high  with  gifts  for 
those  children  whose  names  have  been  fur- 
nished through  charity  organizations,  or 


EXHIBITIONS,   ENTERTAINMENTS,    SPECIAL  OCCASIONS     153 


by  friends,  and  by  letters  written  to  Santa 
Claus. 

Dolls,  drums,  engines,  skates,  sweaters, 
and  everything  in  which  the  child  heart 
delights  are  piled  high  at  the  headquarters 
of  the  Christ  Child  Society,  929  G  street, 
awaiting  distribution  among  poor  children. 
This  year  there  are  2,000  names  on  the  list 
to  receive  presents. 

Miss  Mary  V.  Merrick  is  in  charge  of  this 
work,  and  she  has  been  assisted  by  Miss 
Charlotte  Campbell,  Mrs.  James  Gowel, 
Miss  Florence  Roach  and  Miss  A.  Ives. 
Scores  of  dolls  were  contributed  by  the  doll 
guild,  of  which  Miss  Leta  Montgomery  is 
director.  Sewing  circles  have  given  large 
quantities  of  clothing  and  the  American 
Security  and  Trust  Company  has  provided 
vans  for  the  distribution  of  the  bimdles. 

Entire  Government  departments  will 
celebrate  Christmas;  other  Government 
bm-eaus,  business  houses,  and  military 
posts  will  have  community  celebrations. 

An  unusual  celebration  will  take  place 
this  evening  in  the  office  of  the  chief  clerk 
of  the  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing. 
All  week  the  clerks  have  been  buying  small 
gifts  suitable  for  children.  Names  of  all  the 
clerks  who  are  "playing  the  game"  will  be 
placed  in  a  hat  this  evening,  and  then  draw- 
ings will  be  made  for  the  presents.  After 
the  gifts  have  been  drawn,  and  the  joke  at 
the  expense  of  the  recipients  appreciated, 
all  the  toys  will  be  turned  over  to  some  in- 
stitution, and  any  left  over  will  be  sent  to 
the  home  of  the  Santa  Claus  girl.  This 
plan  was  conceived  by  and  carried  out 
under  the  direction  of  Miss  Mary  A. 
Carpenter. 

Over  at  Fort  Myer  Uncle  Sam's  soldiers 
will  decorate  a  Christmas  tree  in  the  gym- 
nasium under  the  direction  of  wives  of 
oflBcers  at  the  post,  to  be  exhibited  on  Tues- 
day for  the  benefit  of  the  children  of  the 
retired  soldiers  and  those  of  men  now  on 
duty  at  the  Philippines. 

Not  only  the  poor,  but  those  who  are 
away  from  home,  will  have  plenty  of  pro- 
vision made  for  their  Christmas  cheer.  At 
the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  the  usual  visitation  will  be 
made  to  the  rooms  of  all  young  men,  and 
during  the  day  there  will  be  Christmas 


activities  of  various  sorts  by  the  clubs  and 
departments  of  the  association. 

The  Young  Women's  Christian  Associa- 
tion has  planned  a  day  which,  it  hopes,  will 
drive  homesickness  from  the  heart  of  any 
girl  who  is  away  from  her  home  at  this  sea- 
son. The  building  at  619  Fourteenth  street 
will  be  open  from  3  until  9  o'clock.  A 
Christmas  party  will  be  in  progress  during 
that  time.  Games  will  be  played,  Christ- 
mas carols  will  be  sung  by  the  Y.  W.  C.  A. 
Choral  Club,  and  a  tree  will  yield  gifts  for 
everyone.   Refreshments  will  be  served. 

In  addition  to  the  distribution  of  baskets 
to  be  made  by  the  Salvation  Army  and  the 
missions,  Almas  Temple,  Nobles  of  the 
Mystic  Shrine,  is  to  give  away  500  Christ- 
mas baskets,  Central  Union  Mission  will 
distribute  between  400  and  500  baskets 
and  Gospel  Mission  will  send  about  500. 
Boy  Scouts  have  been  enlisted  in  the  work 
of  distributing  these  gifts. 

The  observance  will  spread  to  inmates  of 
District  institutions.  At  the  workhouse  at 
Occoquan  men  will  be  given  a  holiday  and 
a  special  dinner,  and  they  will  attend  a 
special  Christmas  service  tomorrow  after- 
noon. At  the  District  jail  a  special  dinner, 
which  includes  turkey,  will  be  served. 

At  the  Petworth  School  playgrounds 
there  will  be  a  community  Christmas  tree 
celebration  tonight  at  7  o'clock.  A  large 
tree  will  be  decorated  with  lights,  and  school 
children  will  form  a  chorus  to  sing  Christ- 
mas carols.  This  celebration  will  be  imder 
the  auspices  of  the  Petworth  Citizens' 
Association. 

This  afternoon  there  will  be  a  Christmas 
entertainment  at  Washington  Barracks, 
when  Kris  Kringle  will  appear  with  a  bag 
laden  with  toys  and  good  things  for  the 
children.  The  tree  will  be  on  the  platform 
of  the  post  exchange  building.  A  musical 
program  will  be  given  by  the  post  band. 

At  the  Central  Presbyterian  Church, 
where  the  President  attends  services,  gift- 
bringing  as  well  as  gift-giving  was  a  feature 
of  the  Christmas  exercises.  For  that  reason 
the  services  were  held  on  Monday,  and  gifts 
brought  at  that  time  are  being  sent  to  the 
Lynchburg  Orphanage,  the  Mountain 
School,  at  Grundy,  Va.,  and  the  Red  Cross 


^54 


TYPES  OF  NEWS  WRITING 


war  fund,  to  the  city  missions,  and  several 
charities  of  the  city. 

At  the  Neighborhood  House,  Friendship 
House,  and  Noel  House,  there  will  be 
Christmas  trees,  and  celebrations  extend- 
ing until  New  Year,  with  daily  features, 
such  as  entertainments,  plays,  musicales, 
and  other  provisions  for  the  children  of 
those  neighborhoods. 

Students  from  Washington  who  are  at- 
tending colleges  and  schools  away  from 
Washington  began  to  pour  into  the  city  to- 
day, and  enlivened  the  crowds  on  F  street. 
Washington  schools  and  colleges  have 
closed  for  the  hoHdays.  Many  activities 
have  been  planned  for  the  holidays  by 
students  at  George  Washington  Univer- 
sity. Teas,  dances,  suppers,  banquets,  and 
theater  parties  are  among  the  functions 
planned  by  fraternities,  student  societies, 
and  groups  of  students. 


CHRISTMAS     IN     CHILDREN'S 
HOSPITAL 

Providence  Journal 

"Hey,  you,  I  got  more  Christmas  pres- 
ents 'n  you  did.  An'  I  gotta  pitcher  taken 
thing  with  a  snake  in  it.  Wot'dju  git?" 

"I  gotta  chu-chu,  an'  a  lotta  other  stuff 
and  things.  An',  an',  I  gotta  dawg." 

This  was  the  conversation,  no,  only  a 
part  of  the  dialogue,  which  passed  between 
Little  Jimmie  Trupper  and  Mildred  Conner 
at  the  Rhode  Island  Hospital  yesterday 
afternoon,  after  Santa  Claus  had  entered 
through  the  window  and  dispensed  his  good 
cheer  from  a  tree  which  stood  in  the  centre 
of  the  children's  ward. 

Jimmie  has  been  in  a  form  for  months, 
being  treated  for  spinal  trouble.  He  could 
only  move  his  hands,  roll  his  head  and  laugh. 
But,  oh,  how  he  did  laugh,  and  sing,  too. 
And  little  Mildred,  she  was  strapped  to 
a  board.  Mildred  has  not  advanced  far 
enough  to  be  taken  off  the  board  and  put 
into  a  form;  but  she,  too,  could  move  her 
hands  and  roll  her  head  and  laugh  and 
cuddle  her  "dawg"  to  her  bosom. 

The  ward  contains  39  children  at  pres- 
ent,   suffering   from    injuries   and   being 


treated  for  various  ailments.  Perhaps  some 
of  them  will  never  have  another  Christmas. 
But  if  you  had  closed  your  eyes  and  heard 
them  laughing  and  singing,  you  would 
never  have  thought  you  were  in  a  hospital. 
Many  of  them  were  able  to  sit  up,  and  so 
that  they  could  all  be  in  one  room,  two  were 
put  in  some  beds.  Those  who  could  sit  up 
had  little  red  wrappers  over  their  nighties, 
and  propped  up  around  the  sides  of  the 
room,  they  looked  for  all  the  world  like 
little  animated  red  holly  berries. 

Santa  was  delayed.  He  told  them  he 
had  gotten  as  far  as  the  grounds,  and  then, 
having  forgotten  one  present,  had  to  drive 
5000  miles  back  to  his  ice-covered  palace. 
And  then,  when  he  returned,  Jerry,  one  of 
his  reindeers,  had  fallen  into  the  pond  in 
front  of  the  hospital,  and  it  had  taken  two 
hours  to  fish  him  out;  honest,  it  did. 

But,  oh,  what  a  reception  he  received. 
Thirty-nine  little  bed-ridden  tots  singing 
"Jingle  Bells"  when  he  bounded  in  the 
window.  Singing,  did  we  say?  Could  they 
sing?  You  should  have  heard  them.  Angels 
never  sang  sweeter.  They  warbled  and 
caroled,  just  as  if  they  were  as  free  as  the 
birds,  instead  of  being  inmates  of  a  hospital 
ward. 

And,  my,  what  a  tree!  It  touched  the 
ceiling,  and  its  boughs  hung  down  with  its 
heavy  burdens.  Only  a  Christmas  tree  can 
bear  such  products — and  such  trees  as 
that  one  don't  grow  everywhere  and  don't 
bring  such  cheer.  There  were  dolls  and 
games,  houses  and  boats,  dogs  and  cats, 
stoves  and  balls,  and  bags  and  bags  of 
candy.  The  tree  was  decorated  with  chains 
and  strings  of  pop  corn  and  Santas  which 
had  been  made  by  the  children  themselves. 

The  presents  were  given  out  first,  and 
then  came  the  candy  and  oranges.  The  bags 
of  candy  were  torn  open,  almost  greedily, 
and  there  was  a  general  sticky  munching. 

"Aren't  you  afraid  you  will  make  your- 
self sick  eating  so  much  candy?"  Richard 
LjTich  was  asked. 

"No,  I  ain't,"  he  replied.  "I  never  gits 
sick." 

Richard  has  been  in  a  form  a  long  time 
now,  and  so,  of  course,  he's  not  sick.  Alfred 
Morrisetti  was  in  the  next  bed,  and  be- 


EXHIBITIONS,    ENTERTAINMENTS,    SPECIAL  OCCASIONS     155 


tween  crammings  of  sweet  stuffs,  they  com- 
pared their  much-valued  presents. 

"Didja  see  my  ball?"  asked  Richard,  as 
he  held  up  a  rubber  ball  which  he  will  hardly 
be  able  to  get  the  full  benefit  of  for  a  long, 
long  time  yet. 

"  Yes,  but  it  ain't  half  as  nice  as  my  bug," 
Alfred  replied,  holding  up  a  wriggley  crea- 
ture which  shivered  and  shook  as  it  was 
waved  about.  "  I'm  goinna  call  it  Hinny 
'cause  its  all  on  hinges." 

There  was  little  Mary  Hayes,  another 
spinal  case,  who  received  a  set  of  dishes 
and  a  broom  and  a  dust  pan  and  insisted 
she  was  going  to  play  "keeping  house." 
Each  present  was  better  than  the  other, 
and  there  were  many  for  each  patient. 

Flitting  from  bed  to  bed,  winding  up 
toys  and  adjusting  pillows  was  Miss  Laura 
B.  Anderson,  the  nurse  in  charge  of  the 
ward.  Along  with  Miss  Anderson  was  Miss 
Margaret  Smith,  the  children's  teacher, 
who  taught  them  the  songs  they  sang,  and 
makes  herself  much  beloved  by  the  young 
charges  entrusted  to  her  care. 

Many  convalescent  adult  patients  were 
present,  having  been  helped  in  from  other 
wards.  They  were  all  remembered,  too,  as 
well  as  the  children,  when  the  candy  and 
fruits  were  passed  out  by  Dr.  H.  D.  Clough, 
who  played  the  part  of  Santa  Claus.  Sev- 
eral trustees,  a  number  of  the  house  staff 
and  visiting  doctors,  with  their  wives,  were 
also  present. 

Music  was  furnished  by  Miss  Virginia 
Boyd  Anderson's  Orchestra.  Piano  solos 
were  rendered  by  Dr.  N.  B.  Cole  and  in- 
strumental duets  by  Drs.  Cole  and  W.  O. 
Rice.  A  vocal  quartet  was  also  made  up  of 
Drs.  Cole,  Rice,  H.  G.  Calder  and  B.  H. 
Buxton.  In  every  part  of  the  programme 
the  children  joined  and  clapped  until  one 
would  have  thought  their  little  hands  would 
be  sore. 

Early  this  morning  the  nurses  visited 
various  parts  of  the  hospital  singing  carols. 
The  choir  from  Grace  Church  will  sing  at 
the  hospital  this  afternoon  and  St.  Stephen's 
choir  will  be  there  Sunday  afternoon.  To- 
day the  children  will  have  another  presen- 
tation, when  they  will  be  visited  by  their 
parents  and  friends. 


CHRISTMAS  PANTOMIME 

New  York  Times 

Just  as  the  strolling  players  of  old  Eng- 
land put  up  their  booths  in  the  public 
square,  so  the  players  of  Stuart  Walker's 
Portmanteau  Theatre  arranged  a  stage  for 
a  pantomime  last  night  in  Madison  Square. 
The  play,  it  had  been  announced,  would 
begin  at  9  o'clock,  but  many  of  the  plaj-ers 
were  unable  to  get  away  from  engagements 
at  uptowTi  theatres  on  time.  Meanwhile 
the  crowd  grew. 

It  was  a  long  wait.  The  arc  lights  in  the 
park  had  been  turned  off.  The  clouds, 
which  were  hanging  so  low  that  their  soft 
masses  could  be  seen  flying  past  the  light 
on  the  top  of  the  Metropolitan  tower, 
threatened  to  pour  down  a  shower  at  any 
minute.  All  of  the  lights  on  the  giant 
Christmas  tree  near  by  had  been  turned 
off,  except  the  star,  and  the  wind  whistled 
and  moaned  in  the  tree  as  it  tossed  the 
waving  green  branches.  Only  a  band 
which  was  concealed  behind  the  stage  kept 
any  liveliness  stirring. 

Finally,  at  9:30,  concealed  lights  on  the 
stage  lit  up  the  blue  scenery  and  the  panto- 
mime began.  The  name  of  the  play  was 
"The  Seven  Gifts,  a  Fantasy  of  Christmas 
Giving."  The  principal  characters  were 
the  Wanderer,  the  Majordomo,  the  Emer- 
ald Queen,  Jack-in-the-Box,  the  Lowly 
Man,  his  Son,  the  Rich  Man,  the  Haughty 
Lady,  the  Humble  Woman,  the  Brave 
Man,  the  Strolling  Player,  Pierrot,  the  Moon 
Lady,  and  the  Dear  Child.  Placards  at 
the  side  of  the  theatre  announced  the  action 
of  the  play  so  that  all  might  understand. 

The  trumpeters  signaled  for  silence.  The 
crowd  of  about  2,500,  which  stretched  on 
all  the  paths  as  far  as  Fifth  Avenue,  be- 
came still.  Chimes  sounded  as  the  Wan- 
derer, an  old  man  with  a  pack  on  his  back, 
clad  in  garb  of  brown,  blue  and  yellow, 
came  from  among  the  spectators.  He  saw 
the  stage  with  its  closely  drawn  curtains. 
What  was  it  all  for,  he  mutely  questioned, 
and  started  to  pull  the  curtains  of  the  the- 
atre within  a  theatre  to  investigate,  but  at 
that  moment  out  stepped  the  prologuist 
and  answered  his  question  by  telling  mutely, 


156 


TYPES   OF   NEWS   WRITING 


"The  theatre  is  for  you,  Wanderer,  and  for 
you  and  you  and  you,"  to  the  audience, 
"and  for  all  who  come  to  share  this  fan- 
tasy." 

Then  the  inner  curtain  slowly  rose  and 
disclosed  the  court  of  the  Emerald  Queen 
with  her  attendants.  In  the  course  of  the 
play  seven  gifts  were  brought  to  her.  The 
first  was  Jack-in-the-Box,  which  part  was 
taken  by  Tom  Powers,  who  danced  for  the 
Queen.  Then  the  Lowly  Man  and  his  son 
brought  in  a  scraggly  little  Christmas  tree, 
which,  however,  being  the  best  they  had, 
was  acceptable  to  the  Queen.  The  Haughty 
Lady  brought  flowers,  but  would  take  no 
notice  of  the  Lowly  Man  and  his  son. 

The  Richest  Man  in  the  World  brought 
to  the  Queen  many  treasures,  but  when  a 
bubble  blew  across  the  stage  and  the  Queen 
wished  for  it,  neither  he  nor  his  attendants 
could  capture  it.  Finally,  when  he  man- 
aged to  touch  it,  it  burst. 

Then  the  Humble  Woman  came  with  her 
bird,  but  when  a  cage  was  brought  for  it 
she  set  it  free,  refusing  to  give  it  into  cap- 
tivity. The  Haughty  Lady  was  very  much 
touched  and  became  repentant  of  her  proud 
action.  The  Bravest  Man  in  the  World 
then  entered  and  had  an  amusing  fight  with 
Jack-in-the-Box,  who  simulated  a  tiger. 
Then  came  the  strolling  players  with  their 
play. 

Scenery  was  set  up  and  a  pretty  story  of 
Pierrot  and  the  Moon  Lady  enacted. 

The  Moon  Lady  first  appeared  as  an  old 
hag  to  whom  Pierrot  offered  food.  But  she 
wanted  kisses,  for  only  by  the  kiss  of  one 
who  had  never  kissed  a  fair  lady  could  she 
regain  her  maidenly  form.  Pierrot  was 
evidently  the  one  to  do  the  job,  for  as  soon 
as  he  kissed  her  she  became  the  beautiful 
Moon  Lady  once  again  and  Pierrot  fell 
madly  in  love  with  her.  He  chased  her, 
but  she  eluded  him,  wafting  her  veil  tanta- 
lizingly  in  his  face.  At  last,  when  the  sun 
rose,  she  was  forced  to  leave  him  alto- 
gether, and  Pierrot  was  quite  broken  up 
about  it. 

The  seventh  gift  was  from  the  Dear 
Child,  who  presented  her  own  doll,  some- 
what the  worst  for  wear,  to  the  Queen. 
But  this  gift  came  from  the  heart  and  was 


worth  all  the  others.  The  Queen  told  her 
that  she  might  take  what  she  would  of  the 
many  presents  that  had  been  brought. 
Looking  at  all  the  gifts  her  eye  finally 
lighted  on  the  bright  star  at  the  top  of  the 
great  tree  in  the  square.  She  said  she 
wanted  that,  and  as  the  Queen  and  cour- 
tiers followed  her  gesture  the  huge  tree 
burst  into  light.  The  Queen  dismissed  the 
others  and  departed  herself. 

Turning,  the  child  saw  that  the  room 
was  empty,  and  there  was  her  gift  on  the 
throne.  She  took  the  doll  to  look  at  each 
present,  but  the  doll,  too,  refused  them  all. 
Then  the  child  placed  the  doll  on  the 
Queen's  throne,  to  play  at  being  Queen, 
while  the  lights  on  the  stage  grew  dimmer 
and  dimmer,  as  the  fantasy  ended. 

Many  left  because  the  narrow  paths  of 
the  park  were  crowded,  but  had  there  been 
one  wide-open  space,  ten  times  the  number 
could  have  seen  the  play. 


LAST  DAY  FOR  STRAW  HATS 

Milwaukee  Evening  Wisconsin 

Died,  on  August  31,  1909,  at  60  minutes 
past  11,  S.  Traw  Hatt,  aged  92  days  and 
some  minutes,  at  his  late  place  of  abode  at 
41144  Cranium  place.  Deceased  was  a 
prominent  figure  in  the  downtown  district, 
being  usually  accompanied  by  a  band.  His 
demise  was  not  unexpected  but  was  never- 
theless a  shock  to  many  who  were  accus- 
tomed to  take  chances  with  the  lake  breezes 
until  far  into  autumn.  Hatt  and  Dame 
Fashion  were  closely  allied  during  the  sum- 
mer silly  season,  but  his  departure  from 
this  existence  apparently  is  not  mourned 
by  the  fickle  despot,  who  herself  had  fore- 
told that  September  1  would  see  the  last  of 
Hatt.  Hatt,  despite  his  unmistakable  mas- 
culinity, was  frequently  mistaken  for  the 
mysterious  Miss  Dolly  Dimples  of  The 
Evening  Wisconsin,  and  it  was  a  common 
sight  to  see  him  madly  pursued  by  a  score 
of  irate  but  prominent  citizens  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  Grand  avenue  bridge  on  a  windy  day. 
It  probably  was  because  of  Hatt's  close 
proximity  to  many  classic  brows  that  he 
was  so  popular  in  various  Greek  boot-black 


EXHIBITIONS,   ENTERTAINMENTS,    SPECIAL  OCCASIONS     157 


establishments,  where  the  swarthy  sons  of 
Hellas  spent  ten  minutes  at  a  time  in  put- 
ting him  through  oxalic  baths  with  the 
hope  of  insuring  longevity  and  pristine 
luster.  Hatt's  only  near  relatives  are  Miss 
Peach  B.  Asket  and  Mrs.  Sue  P.  Bowie. 
Appropriate  requiem  services  will  be  held 
at  the  board  of  trade  today.  Interment 
will  be  in  the  family  attic  or  a  handy  ash 
barrel.  Inscribed  on  the  tomb  will  be  the 
legend : 

"We  loved  our  Straws  but  oh  you  Felts." 


BANQUET 

New  York  World 

In  response  to  the  toast,  "The  Land  0' 
Cakes,"  Andrew  Carnegie,  speaking  last 
night  at  the  St.  Andrew's  Society  banquet, 
practically  rolled  all  the  cakes  there  are 
into  one  big  doughnut,  bit  off  the  entire 
rim  for  Scotland,  and  left  England,  Ireland, 
America,  Asia  and  Africa  to  divide  the  hole 
among  themselves. 

Entirely  surrounded  by  Scotch  flags, 
Scotch  music,  Scotch  whiskey  and  gentle- 
men in  kilts,  Mr.  Carnegie  looked  the  most 
pleased  man  in  the  world  as  he  got  up  to 
speak.  He  had  just  led  the  singing  of  the 
"Star  Spangled  Banner,"  and  "God  Save 
the  King,"  and  remarked  in  his  first  para- 
graph that  he  hadn't  much  voice  left  for 
his  speech. 

But,  with  Scotland  for  a  text,  he  man- 
aged to  talk  brawly  for  about  twenty  min- 
utes, and  by  the  time  he  was  back  in  his 
seat  Scotland  had  claimed  everything  in 
sight. 

"Scotland  is  a  land  of  small  population, 
but  her  sons,  though  few,  are  deep,"  said 
the  Ironmaster.  Everybody  laughed  at 
that,  but  Mr.  Carnegie  held  up  a  depre- 
cating hand  and  said  that  he  wasn't  trying 
to  be  funny,  that  he  was  seizing  the  occasion 
to  make  known  just  a  little  of  what  Scotch- 
men had  done  for  the  world. 

Whereupon  he  harked  back  to  the  fifth 
century,  at  which  time  he  declared  man- 
kind began  to  look  to  the  land  o'  cakes  for 
pattern  and  example. 

Running  then  somewhat  rapidly  down 


the  centuries,  he  maintained  that  for  all 
those  years  Scotland  had  been  supreme  in 
three  branches  above  all  others:  religion, 
politics  and  education. 

Nobody  on  earth,  for  instance,  ever  had 
more  religious  liberty  than  Scotchmen  have 
always  had.  The  humblest  cotter  over 
there  was  as  free  to  worship  His  jSIaker  in 
his  own  way  as  was  His  Majesty  the  King. 
Mr.  Carnegie  had  observed  that  much  in 
Scotland  in  his  boyhood  and  had  been 
forcibly  struck  with  it  every  time  he  had 
been  back  since. 

In  America,  to  sum  up  on  the  coimt  of 
religious  liberty,  there  is  as  much  liberty 
as  in  Scotland,  but  no  more,  and,  anjTV'ay, 
America  borrowed  the  idea  from  the  free 
kirk. 

When  he  came  down  to  political  great- 
ness, Mr.  Carnegie  gave  his  hearers  a  shock. 
The  United  States  owed  its  Constitution 
to  a  Scotchman,  Judge  Wilson,  and  Mr. 
Carnegie  proved  it  by  quoting  a  letter 
which  he  said  George  Washington  had 
written  Wilson,  saying  "we  owe  the  Ameri- 
can Constitution  to  you." 

Quickly  slipping  in  Alexander  Hamilton, 
making  him  as  Scotch  as  possible  and  cred- 
iting him  with  everything  that  hadn't  been 
already  cornered  by  Judge  Wilson,  Mr. 
Carnegie  then  got  along  to  the  matter  of 
education,  and  showed  that  Scotland,  as 
copied  by  America,  led  the  world. 

Witness  John  Witherspoon,  of  the  early 
days  of  Princeton,  America's  model  edu- 
cator ever  since.  On  account  of  him  and 
for  all  the  aforesaid  reasons,  said  Mr. 
Carnegie,  a  Scotchman  always  feels  at 
home  in  the  United  States;  Scotland  is  his 
mother,  America  is  his  wife,  and  there  is 
nothing  inconsistent  in  his  loving  both. 

Besides  Mr.  Carnegie,  the  speakers  of 
the  evening  were  Hamilton  Mabie,  Gen. 
Leonard  Wood,  E.  Theodore  Martin, 
Irving  Bacheller,  Julius  M.  Mayer,  Dr. 
Alexander  McGregor  and  Harry  Lauder. 
Lauder  responded  to  the  toast  "Honest 
Men  an'  Bonnie  Lassies";  Gen.  Wood,  to 
the  "Army  and  Navy." 

A  bagpipe  band  played  alternately  with 
a  string  orchestra,  and  a  lot  of  the  Scots- 
men present  came  in  kilts  and  bare  legs. 


158 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


It  was  noticeable,  though,  that  most  of  the 
latter  wore  long  fur  overcoats  and  went 
home  in  closed  automobiles. 

In  addition  to  Lauder,  Messrs.  John 
Reid,  E.  Theodore  Mayer  and  George  A. 
Fleming,  all  well  known  Scottish  singers, 
enlivened  the  evening  with  ballads.  A  few 
of  those  present  were: 

Robert  Foulis,  Frank  W.  McLaughlin, 
Rev.  David  G.  Wylie,  Alexander  McGregor, 
of  Boston;  Lieut. -Col.  Allan  C.  Bakewell, 
Dr.  Neil  MacPhatter,  Rev.  Anthony  H. 
Evans,  D.  D.,  Evert  Jansen  Wendell,  Gen. 
John  T.  Lockman,  Edgar  L.  Marston, 
Rev.  George  Alexander,  Robert  C.  Ogen, 
Courtenay  Walter  Bennett,  British  Con- 
sul-General  at  New  York;  J.  Edward 
Simmons,  president  of  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  and  Rear-Admiral  Caspar  F. 
Goodrich,  U.  S.  N. 


SCHOOL  ENTERTAINMENT 
New  York  Times 

The  crippled  children  of  Public  School 
2,  Primary,  almost  believed  that  they  were 
the  butterflies  and  bees  and  flowers  that 
they  impersonated  in  the  playlet  of  "Cin- 
derella in  Flowerland"  in  the  auditorium  of 
Public  School  62,  at  Hester  and  Essex 
Streets,  yesterday  afternoon,  for  the  enter- 
tainment of  the  primary  children  of  other 
schools  in  the  neighborhood.  And  a  happy 
woman  was  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Waldo  Schuarz, 
Principal  of  Public  School  2,  Primary,  who 
has  taken  the  crippled  children's  annex 
under  her  special  supervision.  As  the  chil- 
dren sang  and  haltingly  danced  on  their 
unstable  little  legs  she  smiled  and  almost 
wept  by  turns. 

Other  grown-ups  in  the  audience,  too, 
had  recourse  to  handkerchiefs  as  children 
dressed  as  butterflies  fluttered  in,  some  with 
creaking  braces  on  their  legs,  singing: 

Lightly,  lightly  winging,  on  the  breezes  swinging, 

Airy  httle  fairies,  full  of  grace  and  glee, 

Dancing  with  the  sunbeams,  weaving  dainty  day 

dreams. 
Could  mortals  be  as  light  and  free?   Airy  fairies  we! 

It  was  the  old  story  of  Cinderella,  but 
the    characters    were    flowers,    Sunshine, 


Bonnie  Bee,  the  good  old  Godmother,  and 
Mother  Nature.  Cinderella  was  a  daisy 
bud,  and  because  her  petals  had  not  yet 
imfolded  she  had  no  fine  dress  to  wear  to 
the  ball  of  Prince  Sunshine.  Cinderella  was 
Marie  Schatter,  who  is  well  on  the  road  to 
recovery  from  a  bad  case  of  curvature  of 
the  spine.  The  stepsisters.  Hollyhock  and 
Tiger  Lily,  were  proud  indeed,  although 
they  did  limp  a  Httle. 

Mother  Nature,  the  good  fairy  god- 
mother, however,  summoned  Bonnie  Bee, 
who,  in  his  efforts  to  call  the  sunshine  to 
open  Cinderella's  petals,  quite  forgot  that 
he  had  a  tubercular  knee.  When  the  sun- 
shine did  come  and  Cinderella's  petals 
opened  up,  she  smiled  as  only  a  little  girl 
who  has  suffered  much  can  smile. 

At  the  ball  the  part  of  the  Prince  was 
taken  by  Celia  Weller,  who  has  not  lost 
hope  that  her  back  may  some  day  be 
straight.  Among  the  flowers  was  a  little 
girl,  all  in  white,  who  carried  a  bunch  of 
blossoms  almost  as  big  as  her  stunted  self. 

The  play  from  the  ball  on  followed  the 
time -honored  version.  In  the  final  scene, 
where  the  Prince  finds  his  true  love  by  the 
try-on  of  the  tiny  slipper,  all  the  thirty 
children  in  the  play  came  upon  the  stage. 

In  spite  of  their  physical  handicaps,  the 
children  put  great  spirit  into  the  play, 
much  to  the  credit  of  the  educational  sys- 
tem that  lifts  little  sufferers  into  Fairyland. 


CHILDREN'S  HOSPITAL 
ENTERTAINMENT 

New  York  Mail 

A  sweet-faced  woman  stood  beside  the 
crib  of  little  Jack  Maclntyre  in  the  surgical 
ward  of  St.  Mary's  Free  Hospital  for 
Children  this  afternoon,  and  watched  him 
hold  court  with  the  little  queens  of  Fairy- 
land, whom  De  Wolf  Hopper  had  imported 
from  the  Majestic  theatre.  Above  the  crib 
was  a  copper  plate  bearing  the  inscription, 
"In  Loving  Memory  of  Katherine  Harris 
Wilkes,"  and  it  was  between  this  plate  and 
the  happy  group  paying  homage  to  little 
Jack  that  the  woman  divided  her  attention. 
Sometimes  it  seemed  as  if  tears  were  re- 


EXHIBITIONS,   ENTERTAINMENTS,    SPECIAL  OCCASIONS     159 


sponsible  for  the  glistening  in  her  eyes,  but 
this  impression  died  away  when  her  gaze 
rested  on  the  little  man  in  the  crib. 

He  was  a  happy  little  fellow,  and  his 
smile  was  contagious.  Even  the  staid  little 
members  of  the  "Pied  Piper"  chorus,  ex- 
alted to  the  pinnacle  of  dignity  by  being 
permitted  to  take  part  in  a  "benefit  per- 
formance," melted  before  it.  They  had 
approached  his  crib  shyly,  but  the  effusive- 
ness of  his  greeting  was  irresistible. 

"I  was  goin'  home  to-day,"  he  gurgled, 
"but  I'm  goin'  to  stay  now  for  the  show. 
I  hke  shows,  I  do,  and  I  like" — this  with 
an  arch  smile — "I  like  girls,  too." 

"You  little  dear,"  said  Miss  Marguerite 
Clarke,  who  plays  the  part  of  Elvira  in  the 
Hopper  show.  Jack  accepted  this  tribute 
complacently,  for  when  one  is  four  years 
old  and  the  pet  of  an  entire  hospital  staff, 
homage  becomes  almost  commonplace. 

"Which  of  these  httle  girls  do  you  like 
best?"  queried  the  smiling  nurse,  who  was 
chaperoning  Jack's  guests.  Now  Jack's 
last  name  is  Maclntyre,  and  he  proved 
right  then  and  there  that  he  was  a  bona  fide 
"Mac,"  blarney  and  all. 

"I  hke,"  he  said,  and  his  eyes  roved  smil- 
ingly over  the  entire  party,  "Hike  'em  all." 

This  diplomatic  answer  won  so  much 
commendation  from  the  little  girl  guests 
that  it  is  probable  that  Jack  would  still  be 
holding  court  if  the  performance  planned 
to  gladden  both  him  and  his  little  comrades 
had  not  been  scheduled  to  start  at  1  o'clock 
sharp.  Chirps  of  impatience  from  other 
parts  of  the  ward  warned  the  party  that 
their  visit  must  be  cut  short;  so  the  little 
fairy  queens  left  Jack  and  prepared  for 
their  entrance  on  the  miniature  stage  which 
had  been  erected  in  the  middle  of  the  big 
room.  Only  the  sweet-faced  woman  who 
had  stood  silently  beside  the  crib  remained, 
and  Jack  turned  his  beaming  face  upon  her. 

"Are  you  happy,  dear?"  she  said. 

"Sure,"  he  chuckled;  "there's  goin'  to 
be  a  show.  Ain't  you  never  seen  a  show?" 

The  woman  turned  from  him  a  second 
and  looked  up  at  the  inscription  on  the 
plate  above  his  crib.  Then  she  looked  down 
at  his  smiling  face  again  and  said: 

"It's  been  a  long  time  since  I  have  seen 


one,  dear,  but  I'm  going  to  watch  the  show 
here  to-day  with  you.   May  I?" 

"Sure,"  he  said.  And  then  he  stretched 
his  tiny  arm  through  the  bars  of  the  crib 
and  laid  his  moist  little  hand  in  hers — 
"You  and  me,  together." 


LAWN  FETE 

Kansas  City  Times 

A  quaint  old  fashioned  garden,  gay  with 
rose  trees  and  wistaria-twined  archways, 
a  garden  which  blossomed  in  a  day,  was 
the  setting  for  the  delightfully  costumed 
fete  given  yesterday  afternoon  for  the  bene- 
fit of  the  little  sufferers  of  Mercy  Hospital. 
Girls  in  primitive  Yorkshire  peasant  gardan 
smocks  assisted  in  the  welcoming  of  those 
who  came  to  see  the  pageant  and  to  give 
their  mite  for  charity.  Little  ones  of  every 
age  who  followed  the  "pied  piper"  were 
reproductions  of  the  children  of  Kate 
Greenaway.  Flowered  chintzes  gave  aid  to 
the  blossoms  in  the  garden  in  adding  to  the 
color  effect. 

It  was  a  fete  for  the  delight  of  all  the 
grownups,  but  it  really  belonged  to  the 
little  Miss  Muffets  and  their  brothers  and 
sisters.  This  little  bit  of  a  Mother  Goose 
child  was  there  in  the  person  of  Mary 
Belden,  who  looked  so  bewitching  in  her 
flowered  ankle -long  frock  demm-ely  laced 
in  front  with  velvet  ribbon,  her  fascinating 
mob  cap  and  strapped  white  slippers  that 
even  then  she  might  have  been  in  a  terrible 
fright  of  the  wicked  spider  had  it  not  been 
for  the  wonderful  mitts  she  wore.  They 
were  quaint  and  black,  and  Miss  Muffet's 
pride  in  them  apparently  gave  chase  to  her 
timidity. 

Riding  a  pony  with  all  his  might  was 
little  J.  W.  McGarvey.  A  pale  blue  long- 
tailed  coat  had  he,  and  a  stimning  high  hat 
sat  proudly  and  securely  on  his  head. 

Betty  Banks  wore  a  long  yellow  pos- 
tilion coat  over  her  pretty  white  frock  and 
also  a  big  black  riding  hat. 

Far  from  contrary  and  altogether  fasci- 
nating were  the  "pretty  maids  all  in  a  row," 
and  even  the  original  contrary  Mary  might 
have  been  forgiven  for  her  contrariness  had 


i6o 


TYPES  OF   NEWS  WRITING 


she  appeared  in  the  frock  this  Mary  (Miss 
Virginia  Aikins)  wore.  Her  costume  was  a 
checkered  one  in  many  hues,  banded  about 
the  bottom  with  velvet  ribands.  Her  big, 
big  hat  in  Leghorn  and  her  extensive  lace 
collar  gave  her  a  very  important  air. 

The  pretty  maids  were  decked  in  flow- 
ered frocks  of  gayest  chintzes,  bobbing  poke 
bonnets  and  Maud  MuUer  hats.  Ribbon 
streamers  mingled  with  their  curls  and  gave 
to  the  costumes  a  graceful  touch. 

The  two  little  Pussy  Cats  were  attractive 
little  kittens  in  posied  skirts  and  black 
coats. 

Almost  too  heavy  for  little  Jacky  Horner 
was  the  big  Christmas  pie.  But  the  broadly 
checked  long  trousers  and  the  checked 
"runabout"  composed  a  very  stunning 
suit. 

Too  pretty  to  tumble  in  were  the  cos- 
tumes of  Jack  and  Jill,  Virginia  and  Pen- 
elope Smith.  Jack's  suit  of  sprigged  chintz 
and  Jill's  plaid  swirling  skirts  were  topped 
by  a  high  hat  and  a  bright  bonnet  with 
plaid  bands.  With  his  faithful  crook,  a  gay 
yellow  suit  and  a  cocked  hat  Little  Bo  Peep 
took  his  way  after  his  sheep  very  energeti- 
cally. 

"The  Merchantmen"  were  costumed  in 
velvet  doublets  and  hose.  These  were  in 
bright  blue  and  rose  and  green  and  purple. 
Their  velvet  Beef-eater  hats  were  true  to 
the  type  and  very  becoming  to  the  wearers. 

Outside  the  garden  the  grounds  were 
turned  into  Arcady  where  booths  were 
created  into  miniature  kingdoms,  the  pret- 
tiest of  the  young  matrons  and  girls  pre- 
siding. Miss  Felice  Lyne  and  her  assist- 
ants, Mrs.  William  Perry,  Miss  Virginia 
George,  Miss  Dorothy  George,  Miss  Helen 
Furguson,  Miss  Katherine  Harvey  and 
Mrs.  C.  N.  Seidlitz,  jr.,  were  at  the  refresh- 
ment booth.  Miss  Lj^ne  sold  the  cigarettes 
there. 

Miss  Josephine  Bird,  Miss  Elizabeth 
Marsh  and  Miss  Ada  Lee  Porter  served 
at  another  booth  near. 

All  these  young  women  wore  the  pictur- 
esque garden  smock  and  some  tjqse  of  hat 
which  properly  accompanied  it. 

Pretty  peddlers  everywhere  were  dressed 
in  airy  summer  frocks  with  skirts  of  great 


expanse,  ruffle  trimmed  and  suggestive  in 
every  way  of  the  picturesque  Victorian 
era.  They  were  selling  sweets  and  flowers 
and  balloons.  To  the  lot  of  Mrs.  Kenneth 
Dickey  fell  the  task  of  disposing  of  the  bal- 
loons. Mrs.  Dickey  wore  a  white  net  gown 
trimmed  in  velvet  bands  and  a  large  hat 
with  transparent  brim.  A  silk  sport  coat 
added  a  bit  of  color.  Among  the  other 
venders  who  plied  their  trade  for  charity's 
sake  were : 


Miss 
Miss 
Miss 
Miss 
Miss 
Miss 
Miss 
Miss 


Annette  McGee, 
Virginia  Beeler, 
Elizabeth  Dodge, 
Catherine  Firey, 
Madeline  Dickey, 
Gwendolyn  Green, 
Flora  Markey, 
Dorothy  Johnston, 


Miss  Florence  Haight, 
Mrs.  List  Peppard, 
Miss  Helen  Foran, 
Miss  Ada  Lee  Porter, 
Miss  Josephine  Bird, 
Miss  Elizabeth  Marsh, 
Miss  Elizabeth  Cook, 
Miss  Helen  Mace. 


JUBILEE  SERVICE  IN  CATHEDRAL 

New  York  Evening  Post 

It  is  seldom  that  New  York  goes  to 
church  in  honor  of  a  foreign  potentate,  and 
a  royal  monarch  at  that.  Yet  some  thou- 
sands filled  St.  Patrick's  Cathedral  to-day 
to  listen  to  a  solemn  high  mass,  celebrated 
with,  all  the  stately  pomp  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  ritual,  in  honor  of  the  diamond 
jubilee  of  his  "Apostolic  Majesty  Francis 
Joseph  I,  Emperor  of  Austria  and  King 
of  Hungary,  of  Bohemia,  of  Dalmatia,  of 
Croatia,  of  Slavonia,  of  Galicia,  of  Jeru- 
salem, Archduke  of  Austria,  Count-Prince 
of  Hapsburg,  Seigneur  of  the  Wendish 
March,  Grand  Voyvode  of  Servia,"  and 
any  number  of  additional  titles. 

Archbishop  Farley  sat  in  his  high  seat  at 
the  left  of  the  chancel,  surrounded  by 
monsignori  in  violet,  while  the  glimmer  of 
many-hued  cassocks,  the  rustling  of  stoles, 
and  the  shimmer  of  the  purple  gowns  of 
the  acolytes  filled  the  broad  altar  with  a 
constant  play  of  shifting  colors. 

Through  windows,  high  up,  the  cold 
early-winter  sunshine  poured,  warmed  by 
the  gracious  tones  of  the  panes,  and  min- 
gled with  the  yellow  light  of  the  candles  on 
the  high  altar.  At  intervals  along  the  nave 
and  in  the  side  aisles  bunches  of  electric 
lights  twinkled  dimly. 


EXHIBITIONS,   ENTERTAINMENTS,   SPECIAL  OCCASIONS     i6i 


The  church  filled  rapidly,  and  by  the 
time  the  first  premonitory  rumbles  of  the 
organ  started  the  echoes  flying  back  and 
forth  among  the  lofty  arches,  the  front 
part,  clear  across  the  transept,  was  full, 
and  scarce  a  pew  throughout  the  entire 
body  of  the  edifice  that  did  not  have  its 
quota  of  the  devout. 

Not  all  were  Austrians  or  Hungarians,  or 
any  one  of  the  myriad  nationalities  ruled 
over  by  the  aged  Emperor-King;  not  all 
were  Catholics,  either.  Many  were  there 
simply  to  do  honor  to  a  man  who  had  ruled 
the  most  scattered  country  in  the  world 
for  sixty  years,  the  span  of  an  ordinary 
man's  life. 

In  the  front  pews  sat  the  diplomats  and 
guests  of  honor,  with  here  and  there  among 
them  the  glitter  of  a  uniform  or  a  decora- 
tion. An  Austrian  in  the  full  uniform  of  his 
country's  service,  his  glazed,  yellow-plumed 
shako  on  his  arm  and  sword  clanking  at  his 
heels,  strode  up  the  centre  aisle  to  a  pew. 
His  stiff  pompadour  and  little  moustache 
reminded  one  of  the  slim  lieutenants  who 
haunt  the  caf^s  of  Vienna  and  Buda-Pest. 
While  one  felt  instinctively  that  he  would 
have  been  out  of  place  on  Fifth  Avenue, 
somehow  his  strange  uniform  fitted  in  with 
the  atmosphere  of  the  church. 

The  organ  started  and  the  procession  of 
altar  boys,  acolytes,  priests,  and  deacons 
appeared.  Candles  glimmered,  rose  and 
fell,  to  the  organ's  swelling  prelude.  With 
the  clergy  ranged  in  orderly  rows  before  the 
altar,  the  chant  of  the  Te  Deum  was  taken 
up  by  the  archbishop.  Then  the  celebrant 
of  the  mass,  the  Rev.  John  Hauptmann, 
and  his  deacons,  the  Rev.  Urban  Nagelei- 
sen,  and  the  Rev.  Rudolph  Nickel,  clad  in 
shimmering  gold  vestments,  advanced  and 
commenced  the  preliminary  ceremonies  of 
the  mass. 

It  was  all  very  beautiful  and  imposing, 
and  the  vast  congregation  sat  spellbound 
through  the  scene,  while  the  clergy,  the 
celebrants,  and  the  masters  of  the  cere- 
monies, the  Rev.  J.  V.  Lewis  and  the  Rev. 
A.  Blaznick,  conducted  the  rites. 

Later,  there  were  sermons  by  the  Rev. 
Ambrose  Schumack  and  Father  Mateus. 
Father  Schumack  spoke  in  English  with  a 


marked  German  accent,  taking  for  his  text 
"Fear  God,  honor  the  King."  He  told  of 
the  work  of  Francis  Joseph,  of  his  long  and 
stormy  reign. 

"On  this  glorious  day,"  he  said,  "it  would 
hardly  be  fitting  to  go  into  the  sadnesses 
of  his  life.  We  may  pass  over  the  wars, 
bloody  and  terrible,  into  which  he  was 
dragged;  we  may  pass  over  the  tragedies 
in  his  family  history.  He  is  an  old  man, 
who  has  ruled  his  country  for  sixty  years, 
and  who  has  kept  her,  until  to-day,  whole 
and  strong.  He  has  kept  her  so,  largely,  I 
think,  because  of  the  aid  which  he  has  been 
afforded  by  Divine  Providence.  '  Fear  God ; 
honor  the  King.'  That  is  a  motto  which 
can  hurt  none  of  us." 

One  could  not  avoid  a  quiver  of  historic 
interest  at  the  words.  Perhaps  never,  since 
the  daj's  when  Clinton's  grenadiers  garri- 
soned New  York,  has  a  clergyman  preached 
from  such  a  text. 

Father  Mateus,  who  followed  Father 
Schumack,  spoke  in  the  Magyar  tongue. 
Many  there  were  in  the  audience  who  leaned 
forward  attentively  in  their  seats,  drinking 
in  the  unwonted  words.  To  them  it  was 
like  a  breath  fresh  from  the  fatherland. 
But  the  majority  of  the  audience  could 
only  appreciate  the  priest's  fine  delivery, 
which  sent  his  resonant  words  clanging  dis- 
tinctly into  every  farthest  corner  of  the 
building. 

At  last.  Father  Mateus  climbed  down 
from  the  pulpit,  and  the  service  was  con- 
tinued. And  then,  when  it  was  nearly  time 
to  go,  the  whole  congregation  rose  and 
joined  with  the  choir  and  the  priests  in 
singing  the  mighty  "  Volkshymne, "  which 
runs: 

Gott  erhalte,  Gott  beschiitze 

Unsern  Kaiser,  unser  Land! 
Maechtig  durch  des  Glaubens  Stuetze, 

Fiihr'  er  iins  mit  weiser  Hand! 

Lass  uns  seiner  Vaeter  Krone 

Schirmen  \vider  jeden  Feind; 
Innig  bleibt  mit  Habsburg's  Throne 

Oesterreichs  Geschick  vereint. 

Besides  Mayor  McClellan  and  his  secre- 
tary, others  who  attended  were  Patrick 
McGowan,  president  of  the  Board  of  Alder- 
men; Lawrence  Grosser,  president  of  the 


l62 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


Borough  of  Queens;  Louis  H.  Haffen,  presi- 
dent of  the  Borough  of  the  Bronx;  Bird  S. 
Coler,  president  of  the  Borough  of  Brook- 
lyn; Thomas  F.  Murphy,  assistant  post- 
master; Robert  Watchorn,  immigration 
commissioner;  Samuel  S.  Koenig,  secretary 
of  State-elect;  Rear- Admiral  Goodrich; 
Gustave  Lindenthal,  Judge  Hough  of  the 
United  States  District  Court,  and  the  jus- 
tices of  the  Supreme  Court,  Charles  H. 
Truax,  Henry  Bischoff,  jr.,  Leonard  A. 
Giegerich,  John  W.  Goff,  Mitchell  E. 
Erlanger,  Lorenz  Zeller,  and  W.  H.  01m- 
stead.  The  city  magistrates  were  repre- 
sented by  Henry  Steinert  and  Peter  T. 
Barlow. 

Practically  all  the  diplomatic  representa- 
tives of  the  various  governments  main- 
taining consular  offices  in  this  city  were 
present,  including  the  Austrian  consul-gen- 
eral. Baron  Otto  Hoenning  O'CarroU;  the 
Austrian  consul,  Georg  von  Grivicic;  Karl 
Buenz,  the  German  consul-general;  Leg. 
Rat  Karl  Gneist,  German  consul;  the  Count 
Hannibal  Massiglia,  Italian  consul-gen- 
eral; Courtenay  W.  Bishop,  English  con- 
sul; fitienne  Lanel,  French  consul;  Baron 
A.  Schlippenbach,  Russian  consul-general; 
Kokichi  Midzune,  Japanese  consul-general; 
John  R.  Planten,  consul-general  of  the 
Netherlands;  Julius  Clan,  consul-general  of 
Denmark ;  Jose  Joaquim  Gomes  dos  Santos, 
Brazilian  consul-general;  Jose  V.  Fernan- 
dez, consul-general  of  Argentina;  Ricardo 
Sanchez-Croz,  consul-general  of  Chili;  Wal- 
lace White,  consul-general  of  Paraguay; 
Juon  J.  Ulloa,  consul-general  of  Costa  Rica, 
and  Ramon  Bengoeches,  consul-general  of 
Guatemala. 

The  officers  of  the  Austrian  Society  of 
New  York,  Emil  Fischel,  Dr.  Edward 
Pisko,  Dr.  Karl  Weiss,  and  Leopold  Selzer, 
together  with  many  of  the  members,  were 
likewise  present. 


UNIVERSITY  COMMENCEMENT 

New  York  Evening  Post 

New  Haven,  Conn.,  June  17. — Seven 
hundred  and  seventy-eight  degrees  were 
conferred  upon  students  of  the  class  of  1914 


at  the  213th  commencement  exercises  of 
Yale  University  here  to-day.  The  cere- 
monies were  held  in  Woolsey  Hall,  in  the 
presence  of  a  great  and  distinguished  aca- 
demic gathering.  Twenty-one  honorary 
degrees  were  conferred,  among  them  that 
of  doctor  of  laws  on  Romulo  S.  Naon, 
Ambassador  from  the  Argentine  to  the 
United  States,  and  now  one  of  the  envoys 
in  the  mediation  proceedings  at  Niagara 
Falls. 

The  same  honor  was  awarded  to  Surgeon- 
Gen.  William  Crawford  Gorgas,  who  yes- 
terday received  the  degree  of  doctor  of 
science  from  Princeton.  In  view  of  the 
centennial  celebration  of  the  Yale  Medical 
School,  it  was  natural  that  the  number  of 
medical  men  to  receive  honorary  degrees 
should  be  much  greater  than  usual. 

The  gathering  of  the  candidates  for  de- 
grees was  preceded  by  the  customary  pro- 
cession, formed  in  Vanderbilt  Court, 
through  the  central  green  and  thence 
through  College  Street  to  Woolsey  Hall, 
while  the  Trinity  Church  chimes  on  the 
Green  and  the  band  which  headed  the 
procession  played  "Onward,  Christian 
Soldiers."  The  formal  exercises  included 
music  conducted  by  Prof.  Horatio  Parker, 
dean  of  the  Music  School.  Three  of  the 
numbers  were  composed  by  Jean  Sibelius, 
who  was  among  the  recipients  of  honorary 
degrees.  Prayer  was  offered  by  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Charles  E.  Jefferson,  of  New  York 
City,  a  member  of  the  Yale  Corporation. 
Prof.  Wilbur  L.  Cross,  of  the  Scientific 
School,  presented  the  candidates  for  honor- 
ary degrees. 

For  work  done  in  the  various  depart- 
ments of  the  University  the  778  degrees 
were  conferred  as  follows:  In  Yale  College, 
287  bachelors  of  arts,  313  bachelors  of 
philosophy;  in  the  School  of  Divinity,  27 
bachelors  of  divinity ;  in  the  School  of  Law, 
29  bachelors  of  laws,  6  masters  of  laws, 
2  doctors  of  laws,  2  bachelors  of  civil  laws; 
in  the  School  of  Forestry,  24  masters  of 
forestry;  in  the  Graduate  School,  32  doc- 
tors of  philosophy  and  30  masters  of  arts; 
in  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School,  1  degree 
of  electrical  engineer,  2  of  civil  engineer, 
8  of  mechanical  engineer,  4  of  engineer  of 


EXHIBITIONS,   ENTERTAINMENTS,   SPECIAL  OCCASIONS     163 


mines;  in  the  School  of  Fine  Arts,  1  bachelor 
of  fine  arts  and  2  bachelors  of  music.  The 
prizes  in  all  departments  were  annomiced 
yesterday,  and  the  chief  honors  were 
published  in  the  E veiling  Post. 

Of  the  men  receiving  honorary  degrees, 
the  following  were  awarded  the  degree  of 
Master  of  Arts : 

Edwin  Howland  Blashfield,  mural  deco- 
rator, winner  of  many  prizes,  and  editor  of 
Vasari's  "Lives  of  the  Painters." 

Edward  Robinson  Baldwin,  M.D.,  right- 
hand  man  of  Dr.  Trudeau  at  Saranac  Lake, 
and  an  American  authority  on  tuberculosis. 

William  Herbert  Corbin,  '89,  honored  be- 
cause of  his  important  work  as  Connecticut 
Tax  Commissioner. 

Capt.  Charles  Franklin  Craig,  M.D.,  '94, 
an  officer  of  the  United  States  Medical  Corps, 
who  has  distinguished  himself  chiefly  by  work 
on  malarial  and  tropical  diseases. 

John  Howland,  '94,  professor  of  pediatrics 
at  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

James  Hartness,  president  of  the  American 
Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers,  inventor  of 
useful  mechanical  parts,  instruments,  etc. 

Henry  Hun,  Ph.B.,  '74,  well-known  neu- 
rologist and  formerly  president  of  the  Associ- 
ation of  American  Physicians. 

Elliott  Proctor  Joslin,  '90,  a  physician  of 
note  in  Boston,  who  is  connected  with  the 
Harvard  Medical  School. 

Fred  Towsley  Murphy,  '97,  professor  of 
surgery  in  Washington  University,  St.  Louis. 

Oliver  C.  Smith,  president  of  the  Connecti- 
cut Medical  Society,  and  a  leading  surgeon  of 
Hartford. 

William  Francis  Verdi,  M.D.,  '94,  a  leading 
operative  surgeon  of  Connecticut. 

Miss  Mary  Emma  WooUey,  president  of 
Mount  Holyoke  College. 

Jean  Sibelius,  the  leading  Finnish  com- 
poser, was  honored  with  the  degree  of 
doctor  of  music.  The  degree  of  doctor  of 
science  was  conferred  upon  Edgar  Fahs 
Smith,  provost  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  a  well-known  American  chem- 
ist, and  upon  Richard  Pearson  Strong, 
Ph.B.,  '93,  professor  in  the  Harvard  Medical 
School,  an  authority  on  tropical  diseases. 

Sidney  Gulick,  professor  of  theology  at 
Doshisha,  author  of  "The  Social  Evolution 
of  the  Japanese,"  and  influential  adviser 
of  the  Japanese  and  American  Govern-  ' 


ments  on  matters  of  race  adjustment  on 
the  shores  of  the  Pacific,  received  the  hon- 
orary degree  of  doctor  of  divinity. 

The  following  received  the  degree  of 
doctor  of  laws: 

William  Crawford  Gorgas,  surgeon-gen- 
eral of  the  United  States,  chief  sanitary 
engineer  of  the  Panama  Canal,  and  a 
member  of  the  Isthmian  Commission. 

George  Wliarton  Pepper,  an  eminent 
lawyer  and  a  citizen  vitally  interested  in 
the  work  of  Christian  unity  and  missions. 

R6mulo  S.  Na6n,  Ambassador  of  Argen- 
tina to  the  United  States,  formerly  Minister 
of  Education,  and  a  jurist  of  note. 

John  Kimberly  Beach,  77,  formerly  of 
the  firm  which  for  many  years  has  been 
the  counsel  of  the  University,  Associate 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Connecti- 
cut, and  professor  of  mercantile  law  and 
admiralty  jurisprudence  in  the  Yale  Law 
School. 

Peter  Ainslee,  leader  in  the  Church  of 
the  Disciples,  worker  in  the  cause  of 
Christian  unity,  and  the  author  of  the 
standard  history  of  his  communion. 

A  commencement  week  made  historical 
by  the  endowment  and  promise  of  further 
endowment  in  its  centennial  year  of  the 
Yale  Medical  School,  was  brought  to  a  close 
by  the  exercises  to-day.  In  every  way,  this 
week  marking  the  completion  of  the  213th 
year  of  the  conferring  of  Yale  degrees  is 
generally  regarded  as  a  notable  one.  On 
the  class  reunion  side,  the  usual  bizarre 
efifects  have  been  gained  by  the  adoption 
of  class  costumes.  Various  classes  appeared 
as  polo  players.  Colonials,  British  soldiers, 
and  Chinese  mandarins,  and  some  two 
hundred  members  of  the  academic  triennial 
class  were  decked  out  as  playing-cards. 
Many  classes  report  record  attendances, 
those  back  for  regular  reunions  including 
niunerous  distinguished  sons  of  the  Uni- 
versity. One  gathers  the  impression  that 
this  year's  commencement  has  brought 
back  greater  numbers  than  any  previous 
occasion,  barring,  of  course,  the  bicenten- 
nial celebration,  in  the  fall  of  1901. 

Two  innovations  were  tried  out  this  year 
on  the  social  side  of  commencement  week. 
The  so-called  "1492  Dinner,"  inaugurated 


164 


TYPES   OF  NEWS   WRITING 


some  years  ago  to  provide  a  Tuesday  eve- 
ning dinner  for  all  returning  graduates  not 
included  in  regular  reunion  classes,  was 
taken  over  by  the  class  secretaries'  bureau 
and  rejuvenated  under  the  more  formal 
title  of  the  "United  Graduates'  Reunion 
Dinner."  Held  in  Woolsey  Hall,  where  the 
Newberry  organ  was  used  to  accompany 
the  singing  of  old  Latin  hymns,  and  where 
the  surroundings  were  conducive  to  a  more 
informal  and  intimate  gathering  than  in 
the  University  Dining  Hall,  the  dinner  was 
a  success  under  the  new  auspices.  Charles 
W.  Littlefield,  '03,  of  New  York,  presided, 
and  two  of  the  speakers  were  John  H. 
Finley,  Commissioner  of  Education  of 
New  York,  and  Dudley  Field  Malone.  At 
the  end  of  the  Tuesday  evening  reunion 
celebration,  a  general  alumni  gathering  on 
the  College  campus  brought  men  of  all 
classes  together.  This  meeting  was  an  im- 
provement on  last  year's  gathering,  spec- 
tacular fireworks,  general  singing,  and 
athletic  contests  being  the  features  of  the 
programme. 

The  final  event  of  the  Yale  commence- 
ment of  1914  was  the  president's  reception 
in  Memorial  Hall  this  afternoon. 


Note  —  The  following  two  stories  shotc  how 
the  same  incident  was  reported  in  a  Chicaoo 
morning  paper  and  in  a  New  York  evening 
paper  of  the  same  day. 

COMMENCEMENT  INCIDENT 

(1) 

Chicago  Tribune 

Champaign,  111.,  June  17. — [Special.] — 
Discipline  at  the  University  of  Illinois  is 
not  what  it  used  to  be  in  the  days  when 
they  decided  to  make  an  example  of 
Porter  Gray,  the  boy  who  wouldn't  go  to 
chapel. 

Chapel  cutting  in  those  times  was  consid- 
ered a  pretty  serious  offense;  yet  here  was 
the  Gray  boy  back  on  the  campus  today 
with  the  full  knowledge  and  consent  of  the 
faculty. 

And  more  than  that,  the  faculty — re- 
gardless of  the  fact  that  it  wasn't  much 


more  than  twenty-nine  3'ears  ago  that  he 
was  suspended — patted  him  on  the  back, 
defied  the  rules  of  dignity  by  joining  the 
student  body  in  an  oskey  wow,  wow,  and 
wound  up  by  making  him  a  bachelor  of 
science. 

Those  of  the  town  folk  who  saw  Porter 
the  day  he  packed  up  his  other  shirt  and 
collar  and  marched  defiantly  into  exile  re- 
marked on  his  changed  appearance  on  his 
return.  The  hair  that  fringes  the  new  bald 
spot  on  top  of  his  head  is  gray,  he  has 
become  exaggeratedly  round  shouldered, 
and  he  can't  see  without  the  aid  of  thick 
lensed  glasses.  But  that,  says  Champaign, 
is  what  fast  city  life  will  do  to  any  young- 
ster. 

Porter  had  not  been  back  at  school  long 
before  he  met  another  bad  boy — a  chap 
named  Harrison  Coates  Earl,  who  got  into 
trouble  with  the  university  authorities  and 
left  as  hastily  as  his  classmate,  Gray. 
Harrison  has  changed  a  lot,  too.  He  has 
put  on  flesh,  and  he  says  that  even  without 
the  recommendation  of  his  alma  mater  he 
got  a  good  position  in  Chicago  as  a  muni- 
cipal judge. 

The  new  school  educators  in  charge  at 
the  university  treated  Harrison  Earl  as 
they  did  the  Gray  boy — only  it  was  a 
bachelor  of  literature  they  made  him. 

The  two  disciplined  classmates  had  been 
wandering  around  the  campus  unrecog- 
nized amid  a  swarm  of  hurrying,  nervous 
seniors.  They  met  at  the  bursar's  office. 

"Here's  $5 — my  diploma  fee.  I'm  Gray, 
'85,"  jerked  Porter  through  the  wicket, 
when  a  hand  thumped  against  his  back. 

"Gray,  '85,  eh;  little  Port  Gray?  Why, 
you're  suspended  for  cutting  chapel.  You'd 
better  get  off  the  campus  before  they  catch 
you." 

Gray,  '85,  whirled  around.  He  recog- 
nized the  heavy  handed  speaker. 

"Harrison  Earl,"  he  cried.  "Do  you 
mean  to  say  they're  taking  you  back,  too?  " 
"Not  Harrison,  but  Judge  Earl,  if  you 
please,"  said  the  other  severely.  "Your 
guess  is  right.  They've  called  me  back  to 
get  my  degree.  In  a  few  hours  I'll  be  a 
bachelor  of  literature.  I  don't  know, 
though,  that  it's  going  to  help  me  any  in 


EXHIBITIONS,   ENTERTAINMENTS,   SPECIAL  OCCASIONS     165 


the  law,  but  I'll  be  glad  to  get  it  just  the 
same.  How  about  you?  " 

Gray  shook  his  head. 

"I'll  be  a  bachelor  of  science  when  they 
get  through  with  me  at  the  exercises,"  he 
answered.  "The  degree  might  have  done 
me  some  good — twenty-nine  years  ago — 
but  I  don't  think  it'll  be  of  any  great  assist- 
ance to  me  now.  It  might  make  me  eligible 
to  the  University  club.  But  they  probably 
wouldn't  want  me  there.  I'm  a  professional 
masseur." 

Back  in  the  early  '80's  seniors  at  the  state 
university  didn't  go  in  for  caps  and  gowns 
at  commencement,  but  it  never  did  take 
Porter  Gray  long  to  pick  anything  up. 
After  looking  over  the  new  fangled  outfits 
on  display  along  the  campus,  he  went  into 
a  shop  and  rented  one  for  himself. 

In  cap  and  gown  he  paraded  into  the  uni- 
versity auditorium  with  the  rest  of  the  can- 
didates for  degrees.  In  the  section  to  which 
he  was  ushered  he  found  a  dozen  familiar 
faces,  all  seamed  with  wrinkles  like  his  own, 
and  most  of  them  adorned  with  spectacles. 
The  owners  of  the  faces  remembered  him, 
too,  as  he  was  whispering  greetings. 

"Will  Brown — you  still  alive?  Bob  Dun- 
levy — why.  Bob,  you  need  a  shave.  Joe 
Holt,  did  you  come  all  the  way  from  Cali- 
fornia for  this?" 

To  those  of  his  old  schoolmates  who 
hadn't  read  of  the  university's  intention  of 
calling  it  quits  and  conferring  on  him  the 
degree  held  back  for  twenty-nine  years. 
Gray  explained  the  reason  for  his  return. 

Gray  told  how,  after  losing  his  battle  for 
reinstatement  in  the  courts,  he  had  decided 
to  cut  himself  off  forever  from  the  univer- 
sity ;  how  the  alma  mater  had  forgotten  his 
existence,  and  then,  with  the  unearthing  of 
some  old  records,  had  "discovered"  him 
and  offered  him  a  degree. 

"If  they  had  not  said  the  first  word  I 
never  would  have  taken  it,"  Gray  pro- 
tested. "If  I  had  it  to  do  all  over  again  I 
would  not  change  my  course.  I  was  an 
agnostic,  and  I  am  one  still.  They  couldn't 
drag  me  to  chapel  if  I  thought  I  could  put 
the  time  to  better  use  with  my  books." 


(2) 
New  York  Evening  Post 

Champaign,  111.,  June  17. — Suspended 
twenty-nine  years  ago  because  he  was  an 
agnostic  and  would  not  attend  chapel. 
Porter  Gray,  of  the  class  of  '85,  received 
his  degree  of  bachelor  of  science  from  the 
University  of  Illinois  to-day. 

Gray  was  working  his  way  through  the 
University  back  in  the  eighties.  It  was  his 
ambition  to  become  a  Government  ento- 
mologist. He  was  forced  to  take  leave  of 
absence  for  one  year  to  earn  money  to 
complete  his  course. 

In  spite  of  his  narrow  means  and  close 
attention  to  his  studies.  Gray  began  to 
acquire  a  campus  reputation  as  the  man 
who  never  went  to  chapel.  Attendance 
was  compulsory  in  those  days.  Selim  H. 
Peabody,  then  president  of  the  University, 
called  Gray  on  the  carpet,  but  the  student 
was  firm. 

"I  am  an  agnostic,"  he  said.  "I  will 
not  go  to  chapel." 

"Write  a  statement  that  chapel  attend- 
ance is  repugnant  to  your  religious  convic- 
tions, and  that  will  suffice,"  said  Dr.  Pea- 
body. 

"I  will  not.  I  have  no  religious  convic- 
tions; I  am  an  agnostic.  I  simply  will  not 
attend  chapel,"  said  Gray. 

He  was  suspended  forty  days  before  he 
was  to  have  been  graduated. 

President  Edmund  J.  James,  of  the 
University,  came  upon  the  papers  in 
Gray's  old  and  forgotten  case  a  short  time 
ago  when  he  was  engaged  in  rounding  up 
the  old  alumni  for  a  home  coming.  He 
wrote  to  Gray  in  Chicago,  and  urged  him 
to  visit  the  University. 

Gray,  embittered  by  a  vain  fight  that 
had  taken  his  last  dollar  years  ago  and  had 
ended  only  in  the  State  Supreme  Court, 
to  compel  the  University  to  give  him  his 
degree,  replied  curtly  that  all  he  wished 
the  University  to  do  was  to  forget  him. 
President  James  wrote  again  that  chapel 
rules  were  obsolete  now,  and  that  they 
wanted  to  give  Gray  his  belated  degree. 
Gray  came  here  to-day,  and  from  a  big 
crowd  of  undergraduates  he  wiU  hear  for 


i66 


TYPES   OF   NEWS   WRITING 


the  first  time  the  cheer  of  Illinois.  College 
yells  were  not  much  known  in  Gray's  day 
here. 


UNIVERSITY  CLASS  DAY 

New  York  Sun 

The  Columbia  seniors  had  an  honorary' 
valedictorian  at  their  class  day  exercises 
yesterday  afternoon  whose  name  was  not 
on  the  programme  but  whose  presence  on 
the  platform  called  for  ten  minutes'  con- 
tinual cheering.  Fifty  years  after  he  had 
been  graduated,  and  upon  the  eve  of  his 
retirement  from  the  university,  Dean  John 
Howard  Van  Amringe  became  an  honorary 
member  of  the  class  of  1910,  and  yesterday, 
when  the  class  was  celebrating  its  last  re- 
union as  undergraduates.  Van  Amringe, 
'60,  made  a  farewell  address  to  the  class. 

When  the  class  marched  out  of  the  gym- 
nasium at  the  conclusion,  the  white  haired 
dean  and  the  senior  president  went  out 
side  by  side,  on  the  "pilgrimage"  to  Ham- 
ilton Hall,  where  the  class  ivy  was  planted. 

The  exercises  were  held  early  in  the 
afternoon  in  a  room  thronged  with  the 
relatives  and  friends  of  the  graduates,  who 
marched  into  the  gymnasium  dressed  in 
academic  cap  and  gown.  Robert  Scarbor- 
ough Erskine  delivered  the  president's 
address  of  welcome.  Francis  N.  Bangs,  a 
son  of  Francis  S.  Bangs,  who  had  much  to 
do  with  the  abolition  of  football  at  Colum- 
bia five  years  ago,  was  the  class  historian, 
and  he  divulged  class  secrets.  He  made  the 
statement  that  a  ballot  of  the  class  showed 
that  forty-one  of  the  eighty-seven  members 
have  more  than  a  passing  liking  for  bever- 
ages stronger  than  water,  while  fifty-two 
delight  in  using  tobacco.  Bangs  did  not  go 
any  further  into  the  intimate  history  of 
the  class. 

Harry  Wilson  of  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D.,  was 
selected  the  most  popular  man  in  the  class, 
the  one  who  has  done  most  for  Columbia, 
the  most  likely  to  succeed,  likewise  the 
noisiest,  and  the  biggest  politician.  How- 
ard Delane  was  chosen  the  best  all  around 
man  and  the  best  natured;  he  was  elected 
the  recipient  of  the  alumni  association  prize 


to  the  most  faithful  and  deserving  student, 
which  is  the  highest  honor  a  senior  at 
Columbia  can  gain.  John  Mentil  was 
elected  the  best  athlete;  that  distinction  he 
gained  with  ease  because  he  has  been  cap- 
tain of  a  championship  basketball  team 
and  is  on  the  varsity  baseball  team.  Clar- 
ence Renton  won  the  rather  doubtful  honor 
of  being  the  biggest  fusser  and  likewise  the 
most  foolish  man  in  the  class.  Sidney  Glide 
took  first  place  in  the  race  for  most  con- 
ceited and  grouchiest  while  Arthur  Schuarz 
was  designated  the  laziest,  biggest  sport 
and  biggest  bluffer. 

The  statistics  of  the  class  as  a  whole 
showed  that  the  average  height  was  5  feet 
10)4  inches,  the  average  weight  1.51  pounds 
and  the  average  age  21  years  5  months, 
making  the  1910  men  the  youngest  set  that 
has  been  graduated  from  Columbia  in  some 
time.  Most  of  the  members  of  the  class 
were  born  and  live  in  New  York,  although 
every  part  of  the  country  is  represented. 
Thirty-one  men  intend  to  study  law,  ten 
will  take  up  engineering,  nine  have  chosen 
medicine  and  eight  will  go  into  business. 
The  others  were  hazy  as  to  just  what  they 
were  going  to  do,  or  were  too  modest  to  tell 
about  their  plans.  More  than  half  the  class 
is  Republican,  and  there  are  only  ten  Dem- 
ocrats. One  man  declared  himself  a  "Brj'an 
Republican." 

The  class  decided  that  Prof.  Hervey 
was  the  best  teacher  and  the  hardest  pro- 
fessor to  bluff.  Prof.  Charles  Arthur  Beard 
was  elected  the  most  popular  professor,  and 
William  Clinton  Densmore  Odell,  a  brother 
of  the  ex-Governor  and  a  professor  in  the 
English  department,  was  elected  the  most 
polished.  The  history  department  was 
considered  the  best  in  the  university,  while 
the  French  department  increased  its  lead 
in  the  contest  for  the  least  desirable,  get- 
ting the  fifteenth  successive  annual  vote 
for  that  honor. 

Benjamin  Berinstein,  one  of  the  two 
blind  men  in  the  class,  was  elected  to  Phi 
Beta  Kappa,  with  Thomas  Alexander, 
Paul  Williams  Aschner,  Ernst  Phillip  Boas, 
Mortimer  Brenner,  Louis  Grossbaum,  John 
Dotha  Jones,  Russell  Thorp  Kirby,  Her- 
man  Joseph   Muller,   William   de  Forest 


EXHIBITIONS,   ENTERTAINMENTS,   SPECIAL  OCCASIONS     167 


Pearson,  Edward  Heyman  Pfeiffer,  Mau- 
rice Picard  and  Rollo  Linsmore  de  Wilton. 

Berinstein  stood  at  the  head  of  the  list. 
He  has  studied  for  the  last  year  in  the  law 
school,  having  completed  the  first  three 
years  of  his  course  in  the  college  last  June. 
James  Henry  MuUin,  the  other  blind  mem- 
ber of  the  class,  received  commendation 
for  his  work. 

Condict  W.  Cutler  read  the  class  poem, 
and  the  class  prophecy  was  delivered  by 


C.  Homer  Ramsdell  of  Newburgh,  N.  Y. 
Geddes  Smith  of  Paterson,  N.  J.,  made  the 
ivy  oration,  after  William  Langer  and 
Dean  Van  Amringe  had  delivered  their 
valedictories. 

William  Allen  White  will  deliver  the 
annual  Phi  Beta  Kappa  address  in  Earl 
Hall  this  afternoon,  on  "A  Theory  of 
Spiritual  Progress."  In  the  morning  the 
seniors  and  the  faculty  will  play  the  annual 
baseball  game  on  South  Field. 


CHAPTER  IX 

ILLNESS   AND   DEATH 

In  this  class  of  news  stories  are  included  those  concerning  the  illness  or 
death  of  persons  known  in  the  community  or  in  the  world  at  large,  as  well 
as  those  dealing  with  illness,  surgical  operations,  and  deaths  that  are  suffi- 
ciently unusual  to  be  matters  of  general  interest.  Stories  of  this  kind  are 
primarily  informative  in  character,  but  the  importance  of  the  personal 
element  permits  effective  human  interest  development.  Pathetic  phases  of 
illness  or  death  sometimes  give  value  to  news  that  otherwise  would  be  of 
sHght  interest.  The  seriousness  of  the  subject  demands  dignity  of  treatment. 

In  writing  an  obituary  the  purpose  should  be  not  only  to  give  biograph- 
ical facts  but  to  bring  out  the  significance  of  a  personahty.  A  well  written 
obituary  is  a  constructive  interpretation  of  the  meaning  of  a  person's  life 
and  work. 


ILLNESS 

Kansas  City  Star 

New  York,  Nov.  23.— Ye  Olde  Caxton 
Book  Shop,  BrookljTi,  was  closed  long  af- 
ter 7  o'clock  yesterday  morning.  Nobody 
stirred  behind  the  brown  paper  curtains 
which  hung  on  a  coarse  string  over  an  im- 
provised cross  wall  of  musty  old  volumes, 
their  titles  long  ago  hidden  beneath  a  layer 
of  dust. 

Solicitous  neighbors,  tradesmen  of  the 
block,  children  on  their  way  to  school 
peered  eagerly,  but  vainly,  through  the 
rain-streaked  window,  be3'ond  careless 
rows  of  less  ancient  authors  and  orderless 
festoons  of  classical  sheet  music.  Mere 
solicitude  increased  to  anxiety,  and  anxiety 
to  fear  that  an  old  man,  loved  by  the  neigh- 
borhood, had  died  among  his  treasures. 

Some  one  told  the  police  and  two  men 
came  to  force  the  door,  with  an  ambulance 
surgeon  from  the  Bushwick  Hospital,  ready 
to  give  him  aid  if  needed.  Richard  Wright 


was  not  dead,  but  how  much  longer  he 
would  have  lasted  if  help  had  not  come  is 
uncertain.  He  lay  there  on  a  rude  couch, 
home  made  and  stretched  across  cases  of 
books  in  the  back  of  his  store.  Himger, 
added  to  the  natural  weakness  and  feeble- 
ness of  his  78  years,  had  almost  claimed  him 
for  its  victim. 

"No,  no,"  he  feebly  said.  "Don't  take 
me  to  the  hospital;  I'm  too  old.  I  don't 
want  to  cause  trouble  to  anyone.  I  want 
to  die  quietly  among  my  books." 

Nailed  against  one  of  the  bookcases  was 
a  small  notice  on  black  tin,  "We  refer  all 
needy  cases  to  the  Brookljii  Charity 
Bureau." 

INDIAN  DYING 

Milwaukee  Free  Press 

Tse-Ne-Gat  is  very  weary. 

Soon  he  must  go  on  the  long,  long  jour- 
ney, following  the  shadowy  trail  of  all  his 
people. 


ILLNESS  AND   DEATH 


169 


For  the  white  man's  plague  has  laid  its 
ruthless  hand  upon  him,  and  the  white 
man's  plague  has  done  what  the  white 
man's  rifles  and  the  white  man's  courts 
could  never  do.  It  has  broken  the  spirit  of 
Tse-Ne-Gat,  and  the  heart  of  sorrowful  old 
Ma  Old  Polk. 

It  was  while  he  waited  for  the  white 
man's  court  to  sit,  that  the  plague  came  to 
Tse-Ne-Gat.  Justice  the  white  man  gave 
him,  but  with  justice  came  the  plague.  This 
is  the  story  of  it: 

Tse-Ne-Gat,  so  the  government  said, 
murdered  Juan  Chacon,  Mexican  sheep- 
herder,  and  for  the  slaying  Tse-Ne-Gat 
must  be  hanged.  Cowboys  and  ranchers 
rode  into  the  hills  to  take  him,  and  Tse-Ne- 
Gat,  his  father  and  a  few  followers  fought 
them  off.  They  had  sworn  that  they  would 
not  yield  to  all  the  armed  forces  of  the 
United  States,  for  they  knew  Tse-Ne-Gat 
had  not  killed  the  sheep-herder,  and  the  Ute 
should  not  die  a  shameful  death  unjustly. 

Then  Gen.  Hugh  Scott,  U.  S.  A.,  rode 
into  the  hills  alone.  He  promised  that  the 
Indian  should  have  justice,  and  Tse-Ne- 
Gat  was  content.  Out  of  the  hills  he  rode 
with  Scott,  out  of  the  hills  and  into  the 
white  man's  jail.  There  he  waited  until  the 
white  man's  court  should  sit  to  grant  him 
justice. 

In  the  jail  were  other  prisoners,  and  the 
great  white  plague  stalked  silently  among 
them.  Tse-Ne-Gat,  pining  for  the  hills 
and  the  arroyos  and  the  great  open  spaces 
of  the  Ute  reservation,  was  a  shining  mark 
for  its  unseen  fatal  arrows.  So  Tse-Ne-Gat 
began  to  cough  the  cough  that  all  men, 
white  or  red,  fear  most  of  all,  for  it  has  not 
even  the  swift  mercy  of  the  rifle  bullet. 

Attorney  W.  J.  Kershaw,  when  the  call 
for  his  help  came  from  Colorado,  left  his 
office  in  the  Germania  building*  to  appear 
as  counsel  for  Tse-Ne-Gat,  and  before  the 
court  of  United  States  Judge  Robert  E. 
Lewis,  in  Denver,  he  acquitted  him.  And 
Tse-Ne-Gat  was  free  to  go  back  again  to 
the  reservation.  Only,  the  order  of  the 
court  could  not  free  him  from  the  white 
man's  plague,  which  the  white  man's  jail 
had  given  him. 

*  Milwaukee. 


So  Tse-Ne-Gat  and  old  Ma  Old  Polk 
went  to  a  hospital,  near  Denver.  Tse-Ne- 
Gat  made  for  himself  a  long  whistle  from 
the  green  stalk  of  a  plant.  On  it  he  whis- 
tled, imitating  the  calls  of  the  birds  he 
knew,  and  so  well  did  he  do  it  that  the  birds 
answered  and  came  to  the  yard  of  the  great 
hospital.  That  sight  the  other  sufferers 
there  loved,  the  sight  of  Tse-Ne-Gat 
wrapped  in  his  blanket,  whistling  softly  to 
the  birds  that  gathered  at  his  feet  to  eat  of 
the  crumbs  he  scattered  for  them  when  they 
answered  his  call. 

More  troubles  came.  The  white  man's 
doctor  said  that  he  might  not  smoke  and 
live.  His  cigaret  was  banished.  Ma  Old 
Polk  was  determined  that  he  should  not 
smoke,  so  she  fought  the  craving  with  him 
as  she  watched  him.  Neither  did  she  smoke, 
for  his  sake,  and  from  the  deprivation  she 
suffered  more  than  he,  only  she  could  slip 
out  to  the  reeds  by  the  river  now  and  then 
when  the  demand  seemed  irresistible. 

Back  at  the  reservation,  Tse-Ne-Gat 
felt  better.  The  call  of  the  woods  grew 
stronger,  and  one  morning  Ma  Old  Polk 
awoke  to  find  that  her  son  and  his  gun 
were  missing,  gone  no  one  knew  where. 
That  night  he  returned,  exhausted  and 
broken,  until  he  could  scarcely  bear  his 
gun.  He  wrapped  himself  in  his  blanket, 
too  tired  even  to  whistle  for  the  birds. 
It  was  two  weeks  before  the  watchful 
mother  heard  of  the  rabbits  Tse-Ne-Gat 
had  shot  but  had  been  forced  by  weakness 
to  throw  away  before  he  brought  them 
home. 

That  is  the  story  that  has  come  to 
Milwaukee  and  to  Tse-Ne-Gat's  attorney 
here,  who  cannot  help  him  in  this  fight. 
Tse-Ne-Gat  still  goes  walking,  but  not 
so  far.  He  walks  as  one  weary  of  long 
traveling.  Sometimes  he  disappears  for 
half  an  hour  or  more.  If  the  doctors  sus- 
pect that  he  is  following  the  example  of  his 
mother  and  stealing  the  smoke  he  loves  so 
well,  they  say  nothing.  They  have  nothing 
but  sympathy  for  Tse-Ne-Gat. 

Tse-Ne-Gat  has  sympathy,  too,  for  the 
judge  who  gave  him  justice.  For  he  has 
learned  that  on  the  very  day  that  the 
story  of  his  own  rapidly  failing  life  had 


lyo 


TYPES   OF   NEWS   WRITING 


been  reported  to  Judge  Robert  E.  Lewis 
a  telegram  had  come  to  the  judge,  telling 
him  that  his  father,  Col.  Warner  Lewis, 
was  dead.  Col.  Warner  Lewis  was  the  only 
survivor  of  an  Indian  massacre  in  1863 
near  where  Coffeyville,  Kas.,  now  stands. 
And  it  was  the  son  of  that  sole  survivor  of 
Indian  vengeance  w^ho  gave  justice  and 
freedom  to  Tse-Ne-Gat. 


SURGICAL  OPERATION 
Milwaukee  Sentinel 

The  surgeon's  knife  instead  of  the  re- 
formatory; an  operation  in  place  of  an 
application  of  "the  rod." 

Is  this  the  manner  in  which  wayward 
youths  are  to  be  made  good? 

The  strange  case  of  Anton  Heim,  a  14 
year  old  Milwaukee  lad,  at  least  lends 
emphasis  to  the  vast  possibilities  for  the 
skilled  surgeon  as  a  reformer  of  certain 
criminally  inclined  persons. 

As  he  came  from  a  good  family,  there 
seemed  to  be  no  hereditary  reason  w^hy 
Anton  should  be  addicted  to  stealing  and 
other  mischievous  acts.  His  case  was  a 
puzzle  until  physicians  learned  that  at  the 
age  of  5  he  had  been  the  victim  of  an  acci- 
dent in  which  a  door  had  fallen  on  him  and 
caused  a  dent  in  his  skull,  and  it  was  their 
theory  that  the  consequent  pressure  on  the 
brain  might  have  unsettled  his  mind  and 
thus  affected  his  actions. 

The  operation  was  performed  on  Oct. 
19  in  Trinity  hospital  by  Dr.  W.  C.  F. 
Witte. 

Since  then  Anton's  taciturn,  irritable 
disposition  has  given  way  to  ambitious 
and  honest  traits.  The  operation  has  not 
only  meant  much  for  Anton  Heim,  but  is 
full  of  significance  as  to  possibilities  along 
these  lines. 

Another  case  is  cited  by  a  Milwaukee 
physician  wherein  a  Norwegian  youth  who 
received  a  skull  injury  in  his  childhood 
before  coming  to  America,  has  been  relieved 
through  a  similar  operation  and  been 
changed  from  a  dependent  to  a  self-sup- 
pHjrting  man. 

"Persons  suffering  from  such  skull  in- 


juries," explained  the  physician,  "are 
irritable,  depressed  and  subject  to  an  idea 
that  they  are  being  persecuted.  This  Nor- 
wegian lad  previous  to  the  operation  was 
thoroughly  shiftless.  Now  he  has  been 
holding  a  position  for  three  years  and  has 
recovered  his  ambition  and  desire  to  work 
and  save  money." 


SURGICAL  OPERATION 

Philadelphia  Inquirer 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C,  Aug.  19.— By 
massaging  the  heart  of  a  colored  boy  who 
was  apparently  dead,  doctors  in  the 
Emergency  Hospital  succeeded  in  reviving 
him. 

The  boy  was  under  the  influence  of 
chloroform,  and  the  surgeon  was  operating 
on  an  infected  knee,  when  respiration  sud- 
denly ceased.  The  pulse  died  and  finally 
stopped;  the  body  became  cold,  the  limbs 
rigid.  Artificial  respiration  was  resorted 
to,  but  there  was  no  responding  pulsation 
of  the  heart.  After  six  minutes  of  sus- 
pense, during  which  the  physician  resorted 
to  every  possible  method  to  revive  the 
patient,  he  realized  that  there  was  only  one 
chance  to  save  the  boy's  life. 

With  delicate  skill  he  opened  the  boy's 
abdomen  and  for  seven  minutes  massaged 
the  patient's  heart  with  his  fingers.  Fi- 
nally, when  he  was  about  to  give  up  all 
hope,  the  boy  took  a  faint  voluntary  breath, 
and  for  several  minutes  the  heart  pulsated 
gently.  Plying  the  heart  with  his  fingers  to 
stimulate  circulation  of  the  blood,  the  phy- 
sician after  eighteen  minutes  had  the  heart 
pulsating  normally  and  knew  that  he  had 
succeeded  in  his  almost  miraculous  opera- 
tion. 

For  a  day  and  a  half  following  the  opera- 
tion the  boy  remained  in  excellent  condi- 
tion and  every  hope  was  held  out  for  his 
recovery.  But  the  infection  of  the  knee 
had  spread  to  the  left  side  and  had  infected 
the  glands  of  the  neck.  Blood  poisoning 
set  in  and,  despite  all  efforts  to  save  him, 
the  boy  succumbed. 

The  operation  on  the  heart  is  regarded 
by  medical  students  as  unique  in  the  annals 


ILLNESS   AND   DEATH 


171 


of  medicine.  It  also  opens  up  a  new  field 
in  surgery,  and  means,  physicians  say,  that 
many  persons  who  expire  while  under  anes- 
thetics may  possibly  be  revived  by  such 
methods. 

Within  a  few  months  several  eminent 
physicians  of  this  city  will  conduct  vivi- 
section tests  to  determine  how  far  the  heart 
massage  can  be  carried.  Dogs  will  be  placed 
under  anesthetics  and  allowed  to  succumb, 
it  is  said,  so  that  physicians  may  determine 
after  how  long  an  interval  an  animal  appar- 
ently dead  may  be  restored  by  heart  mas- 
sage. 


SUDDEN  DEATH 

Chicago  Inter  Ocean 

While  joking  with  several  fellow  em- 
ployes over  the  recent  baseball  trade  be- 
tween the  Chicago  American  league  base- 
ball team  and  the  New  York  American 
league  team,  Robert  Nash,  118  Webster 
Place,  a  clerk  employed  by  Sprague,  War- 
ner &  Co.,  600  West  Erie  street,  dropped 
dead  from  heart  disease  yesterday  in  his 
place  of  employment. 

Herman  Schweitzer,  2849  Christiana 
avenue,  a  department  manager,  and  J.  B. 
Willott,  508  Melrose  avenue,  were  hoaxing 
Nash  about  the  trade.  They  told  Nash 
that  the  Chicago  team  had  obtained  Chase 
of  the  New  York  team,  a  "hoodoo,"  and 
that  they  would  be  unable  to  win  any  more 
games. 

Nash  laughed  at  their  joke  and  walked 
to  a  chair.  He  fell  to  the  floor,  and  was 
dead  when  a  physician  arrived. 

Nash  was  one  of  the  oldest  employes  of 
the  Sprague- Warner  company.  He  had 
been  in  the  grocery  company  for  thirty- 
seven  years.  Heart  disease  is  believed  to 
have  caused  his  death. 


ENGINEER'S  DYING  REQUEST 

Boston  Herald 

CHICAGO,  Dec  21— Charles  W.  Walter, 
veteran  conductor  on  the  Nickel  Plate 
Railroad,  died  yesterday  on  his  run  from 


Bellevue,  O,  to  Chicago,  and  members  of  the 
train  crew  fought  snow  and  slippery  tracks 
to  carry  out  Walter's  last  request  that  No.  1 
be  brought  in  on  ^time,  thereby  preserving 
his  record  of  never  having  been  late. 

Walter  took  the  train  at  Bellevue,  where 
he  lived,  at  7:55  a  m  yesterday.  An  hour 
later  he  became  ill  and  placed  the  train  in 
charge  of  Samuel  Wilson,  an  extra  passen- 
ger conductor. 

"Be  sure  and  bring  her  in  on  time,  Sam, 
and  keep  my  record  clean,"  Walter  re- 
quested. Stops  were  shortened  to  a  mini- 
mum. The  engineer  kept  the  sand  running 
on  the  slippery  rails,  and  his  fireman  hardly 
took  his  hands  from  the  shovel. 

Near  Leipsic  Junction,  where  doctors 
and  ambulance  awaited,  Walter  died. 
No.  1  pulled  into  the  Lasalle-st  Station, 
Chicago,  on  the  dot.  To  the  dispatcher, 
who  was  surprised  to  see  him  report  in- 
stead of  Walter,  Wilson  said:  "  Charlie  has 
made  his  last  run,  and  be  sure  to  put  it 
down  we're  on  time." 


WOMAN  DIES  ALONE 

Kansas  City  Star 

Police  ofiicers  forced  their  way  into  the 
home  of  Miss  Mary  R.  Wilson,  daughter  of 
John  H.  Wilson,  a  former  mayor  of  Kansas 
City,  at  961  Cane  Street,  shortly  before 
6  o'clock  yesterday  afternoon,  and  found 
her  dead  in  bed  in  her  room  on  the  second 
floor.  Dr.  Harry  Czarlinsky,  county  coro- 
ner, said  that  the  cause  of  death  was  pneu- 
monia brought  on  by  exposure. 

Since  the  death  of  her  mother  seven 
years  ago.  Miss  Wilson  had  lived  in  the  big 
house  on  Cane  Street  alone.  She  kept  no 
servants  and  her  only  companion  was  a  pet 
dog,  Danny.  Miss  Wilson,  who  was  more 
than  50  years  old,  had  ignored  the  advice  of 
friends,  who  believed  she  should  live  with 
relatives. 

She  was  last  seen  alive  Thursday  night, 
when  Mrs.  B.  F.  Strong,  wife  of  B.  F. 
Strong,  the  vicar  of  St.  James  Church,  who 
lives  at  965  Cane  Street,  noticed  her  mov- 
ing about  in  the  rear  of  the  house  with  a 
lamp.   Friday  passed  without  either  Mrs. 


172 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


Strong  or  Mrs.  Albert  Hart,  the  neighbor 
north  of  the  house,  seeing  Miss  Wilson.  The 
snow  had  drifted  evenly  over  the  front  walk 
and  the  blinds  at  the  window  were  drawn. 

Mrs.  Hart  telephoned  Sanford  B.  Green 
and  Porter  Home,  Miss  Wilson's  attorneys. 
Mr.  Green  called  several  of  Miss  Wilson's 
intimate  friends  and  was  unable  to  find  out 
anything  of  her  whereabouts.  He  then 
called  the  chief  of  police  and  asked  that  a 
search  of  the  house  be  made. 

When  the  officers  entered  the  room,  they 
found  Miss  Wilson  attired  in  night  clothing 
lying  on  her  bed.  Her  pet,  Danny,  was 
curled  up  at  the  foot  of  the  bed.  Weak 
from  want  of  food,  he  growled  at  the  officers. 
The  coroner  said  that  life  had  been  extinct 
twenty-four  hours. 

A  small  diary  which  Miss  Wilson  had 
kept  for  years  testified  to  her  illness.  An 
entry  Tuesday  read:  "I  haven't  felt  well 
all  day."  Wednesday  it  said:  "  I  think  the 
weather  has  brought  on  an  attack  of  grip. " 
Thursday's  entry  was  the  last  in  the  book : 
"I  know  I'm  in  for  a  bad  case  of  pneu- 
monia." No  explanation  can  be  given  why 
Miss  Wilson  did  not  get  medical  attention 
when  she  knew  she  had  pnevunonia. 

Miss  Wilson  was  a  niece  of  the  late  David 
Brewer,  associate  judge  of  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court.  Her  father  figured 
actively  in  Kansas  City  politics  as  a  leader 
of  the  Democratic  party  and  in  1874  was 
elected  mayor  of  this  city,  a  position  which 
he  held  two  years.  He  was  a  widely  known 
business  man.  Miss  Wilson's  only  sister, 
Ella  Wilson,  died  in  Leavenworth,  Kas., 
in  1865.  Her  mother,  Mrs.  Alice  Strong 
Wilson,  died  in  the  family  home  on  Cane 
Street  in  1907.  Miss  Wilson  had  no  rela- 
tives in  Kansas  City. 

The  body  was  taken  to  the  Stine  under- 
taking rooms. 


DEATH  OF  VETERAN  FIREMAN 

Springfield  Republican 

William  C.  White,  72,  veteran  fireman, 
who  was  retired  from  the  active  service 
of  the  fire  department  last  June  after  35 
years  of  continuous  service,  died  at  the 


Wesson  Memorial  hospital  j^esterday  after 
a  long  illness.  Mr  White  had  been  identi- 
fied with  the  fire  service  of  the  city  for 
more  than  60  years.  During  his  period  of 
active  service,  Mr  White  spent  most  of 
his  time  as  engineer,  taking  charge  during 
his  later  years  of  the  engines  in  the  North- 
street  fire  station.  During  his  35  years  of 
service,  Mr  White  was  absent  from  his 
post  only  one  month,  and  then  on  account 
of  illness.  There  was  probably  no  man  in 
the  department  who  was  better  kno-\ATi  or 
who  was  better  liked  by  the  men  in  the 
department.  He  was  a  skilful  machinist, 
and  his  worth  to  the  department  was  fre- 
quently recognized  by  the  different  chiefs 
under  whom  he  served. 

Mr  White  was  born  at  Amherst,  Octo- 
ber 11,  1842.  He  removed  with  his  parents 
to  this  city  when  he  was  12  years  old.  He 
received  his  early  education  in  his  native 
town,  and  after  he  came  here  he  attended 
the  Union-street  school.  His  first  employ- 
ment was  in  the  United  States  armory, 
where  he  practically  completed  his  trade 
as  machinist.  He  subsequently  worked  for 
Smith  &  Wesson  for  four  years  as  tool- 
maker,  and  it  was  there  that  he  received 
the  training  which  fitted  him  for  his  work 
in  the  fire  department.  While  he  was  em- 
plo5^ed  at  the  Smith  &  Wesson  shop,  he 
became  a  call  man  in  the  fire  department. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  permanent  serv- 
ice in  1872,  just  nine  years  after  he  became 
affiliated  with  the  department  as  a  call  man. 

His  first  active  duties  were  as  hose-man. 
He  was  stationed  at  the  old  fire  station, 
formerly  located  in  the  rear  of  where  the 
Granite  building  is  now.  His  next  work 
was  as  stoker  on  the  Hanson  No  2  engine, 
stationed  on  Sanford  street.  He  later  be- 
came a  full-fledged  engineer  on  the  old 
monitor,  George  Dwight.  Mr  Wliite  was 
later  assigned  to  the  Pynchon-street  engine- 
house,  where  he  served  as  engineer  on  the 
No  1  engine.  He  was  stationed  there  from 
1872  until  1876.  In  1876  he  was  transferred 
to  the  Bond-street  engine-house,  where  he 
remained  until  his  retirement  in  June.  It 
was  a  matter  of  notable  record  in  the  fire 
department  that  during  all  this  time  he 
ran  the  old  No  1  engine  without  experienc- 


ILLNESS   AND   DEATH 


173 


ing  any  accidents  or  having  his  engine  tied 
up  because  of  failure  to  work  properly. 

WTien  Mr  White  first  became  affiliated 
with  the  fire  department  there  were  but 
four  companies,  with  26  men  each,  in  serv- 
ice in  the  city.  The  companies  were  lo- 
cated on  Pynchon  street,  on  the  Hill,  near 
the  old  railroad  station,  and  on  Sanford 
street.  During  the  early  '70's  the  system 
of  naming  fire  engines  was  succeeded  by 
the  present  system  of  numbering  them. 
When  Mr  White  entered  the  service,  L.  H. 
Powers  was  chief  engineer,  and  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Hosea  Lombard.  It  was  during 
his  regime  as  chief  that  the  present  depart- 
ment actually  came  into  existence.  It  is  a 
singular  fact  that  Mr  Wliite  saw  service  in 
the  department  during  the  period  that 
Springfield  experienced  its  biggest  fires. 
From  the  date  of  his  connection  with  the 
department  until  his  retirement  there  were 
seven  very  disastrous  fires. 

During  his  many  years  in  the  depart- 
ment he  was  constantly  drafted  from  one 
engine-house  to  another  to  do  repair  work. 
His  expert  knowledge  of  apparatus  made 
him  invaluable  in  this  respect.  When  the 
company  at  the  Bond-street  engine-house 
was  transferred  to  the  North-street  station 
several  years  ago,  he  went  with  it  and  re- 
mained there  until  his  retirement,  June  15 
of  this  year.  Mr  White  held  several  pat- 
ents on  devices  used  on  fire  apparatus,  but 
never  troubled  to  have  them  put  on  the 
market.  Some  of  these  devices,  however, 
have  been  used  with  satisfaction. 

Mr  White  was  taken  ill  last  May,  and 
it  was  with  difficulty  that  he  was  persuaded 
to  leave  the  active  list.  He  eventually  went 
to  the  Wesson  Memorial  hospital,  where 
he  remained  constantly  imtil  his  death 
yesterday.  Mr  White  was  married,  and 
for  many  years  lived  at  961  Second  street. 
His  wife  died  a  number  of  years  ago,  and 
since  that  time  he  has  made  his  home  at  the 
North-street  fire  station.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  De  Soto  lodge  of  Odd  Fellows  and 
of  the  Firemen's  aid  association.  He  leaves 
no  near  relatives,  but  Arthur  Green,  secre- 
tary of  the  Putnam  woolen  mills  at  Put- 
nam, Ct.,  a  cousin,  is  expected  in  this  city 
to  take  charge  of  the  funeral. 


The  funeral  will  be  held  to-morrow  after- 
noon at  Washburn's  chapel.  Rev  Dr  Frank 
W.  Merrick  of  Faith  church  will  offici- 
ate. The  burial  will  be  in  the  Springfield 
cemetery. 


DEATH  OF  A  POLITICIAN 
New  York  Times 

Martin  Engel  is  dead.  This  does  not 
mean  anything  to  those  unacquainted  with 
New  York  politics,  nor  to  those  whose 
political  interests  have  been  quite  recently 
developed,  but  to  the  "old-time"  politi- 
cians familiar  with  the  days  when  "Boss" 
Croker  ruled  Tammany  Hall  and  "Big 
Tim"  Sullivan  was  the  man  highest  up  in 
the  Bowery  district  the  death  of  Martin 
Engel  means  the  passing  of  another  of  the 
Tammany  leaders  who  led  when  to  be  an 
east  side  leader  was  greater  than  to  be  a 
silk-stocking  Republican. 

At  the  age  of  68,  several  years  after  he 
had  lost  his  leadership  in  the  old  Eighth 
District — "De  Ate,"  to  those  who  were  of 
it  and  in  it  in  the  "good  old  days" — Martin 
Engel  died  yesterday  in  his  home  at  29  East 
Third  Street.  He  made  money  in  his  busi- 
ness of  politics,  and  it  is  said  that  his  son, 
Alfred  S.  Engel,  will  inherit  a  comfortable 
fortune.  His  death  was  due  to  Bright's  dis- 
ease, from  which  he  had  been  a  sufferer  for 
some  time. 

Martin  Engel  rose  to  political  power 
when  the  immigrant  Jews  from  Russia, 
Rumania,  Bohemia,  and  Hungarj'  began 
to  crowd  the  Irish  out  of  the  east  side. 
The  son  of  a  "kosher"  butcher,  he  was 
born  in  the  Bowery  and  began  life,  after 
leaving  the  public  schools,  in  his  father's 
butcher  shop.  After  the  death  of  the  father 
he  continued  the  business,  and  even  after 
his  business  became  politics  and  his  ' '  office  " 
for  all  important  purposes  was  in  "Silver 
Dollar"  Smith's  Hotel,  near  the  Essex 
Market  Court,  he  remained  the  nominal 
head  of  the  market,  from  which  fact  he 
became  known  in  the  east  side  as  ' '  Butcher  " 
Engel. 

"Big  Tim"  Sullivan,  Irishman,  and 
Martin  Engel,  Jew,  were  the  combination 


174 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


that  held  the  power  in  "De  Ate,"  where 
fully  80  per  cent,  of  the  fixed  and  floating 
voters  spoke  Yiddish.  Engel  was  appar- 
ently devoted  to  Sullivan,  and  was  ever 
faithful  to  "Big  Tim"  in  matters  political, 
and,  until  the  RepubUcan  leader, ' '  Charley  " 
Adler,  began  to  make  trouble  in  the  Eighth, 
he  alwa3's  "swTjng  the  district"  at  election 
time. 

Those  who  followed  Engel  as  their  politi- 
cal leader  could  never,  in  their  own  opinion, 
exaggerate  his  virtues.  He  was  generous, 
as  all  Tammany  leaders  of  the  east  side 
have  been,  and  he  was  successful  in  "land- 
ing jobs"  for  those  who  served  the  party. 
Also  he  was  known  to  have  a  strong  "pull" 
with  the  police,  and  many  an  east  side 
youth  who  "got  in  bad"  with  the  authori- 
ties owed  his  liberty  to  Engel's  influence. 
Because  of  all  these  things  he  was  the 
leader,  and  because  he  was  the  leader  he 
cultivated  the  character  and  quality  that 
enhanced  his  leadership. 

But  to  reformers  Engel  was  the  per- 
sonification of  a  vice  that,  though  seen  with 
disturbing  frequency,  could  never  be  even 
endured,  much  less  embraced.  In  "De 
Ate"  was  what  was  known  for  many  years 
as  "The  Red  Light  District."  Engel's 
political  enemies  used  to  dwell  with  views 
of  alarm  upon  the  protection  imder  which 
the  district  thrived,  and  Engel  was  always 
named  as  the  protector. 

Those  who  have  seen  Engel  remember 
as  his  most  striking  facial  characteristic  a 
"dented"  nose.  The  bridge  of  his  nose  had 
been  broken,  and  until  his  death  there  was 
a  depression  in  the  centre  of  his  face  that 
never  failed  to  attract  attention.  The  scar 
was  a  mark  of  Engel's  rise  to  political 
power.  He  received  the  original  injury  in  a 
fight  years  ago — and  there  have  been 
stories  of  this  fight  to  Engel's  credit  and  to 
his  discredit.  The  only  positive  and  print- 
able fact  is  that  a  man  who  became  enraged 
against  Engel  struck  him  across  his  nose 
with  a  bung-starter  or  some  other  equally 
destructive  weapon. 

Besides  "Silver  Dollar"  Smith's  hotel, 
which  later  became  the  property  of  Engel 
himself,  the  leader  of  "De  Ate"  had  several 
"headquarters"  in  the  district  where  those 


who  knew  his  habits  and  haunts  might  find 
him.  His  home  was  at  29  East  Third  Street, 
where  he  died;  but  in  the  days  of  his  power 
he  could  be  found  most  often  at  some  of 
his  "hanging-out"  places — such  as  the 
clubrooms  of  the  Martin  Engel  Associa- 
tion, at  Ludlow  and  Grand  Streets,  or  the 
old  Caf6  Boulevard,  in  Second  Avenue, 
where,  for  a  number  of  years,  he  regularly 
received  his  henchmen  between  noon  and 
3  o'clock. 

Although  the  kind  of  politics  accepted 
as  legitimate  by  Engel  is  passing  for  the 
good  of  society,  there  are  those  in  the  east 
side  who  will  feel  real  regret  for  the  death 
of  their  former  leader,  for  whatever  his 
vices  were,  Engel  was  sympathetic  and 
generous  in  his  own  way  and  in  his  moods, 
and  many  a  family  would  not  have  eaten 
had  he  not  supplied  a  meal,  many  a  man  or 
woman  would  have  gone  barefoot  had  he 
not  furnished  shoes.  Also,  many  a  "down- 
and-outer"  would  have  gone  thirsty  if 
Engel  had  not  "  set  'em  up"  to  the  drinks. 
So,  somewhere  east  of  the  Bowery,  where 
there  were  not  many  of  the  Ten  Command- 
ments, and  where  a  man  could  raise  a  very 
great  thirst,  Engel  had  his  friends  who  will 
mourn  him  now. 


DEATH 


New  York  Evening  Post 

The  odor  from  the  chestnut  roasters  is 
as  fragrant  as  ever,  the  heaped-up  mounds 
of  lettuce  and  kale  on  the  mile  of  push 
carts  are  just  as  crisp  and  green,  and  there 
is  the  same  glistening  sheen  on  the  pjTa- 
mids  of  green  and  scarlet  peppers,  but, 
nevertheless,  things  seemed  altogether  dif- 
ferent in  Mulberry  Bend  to-day.  There  was 
less  noise,  the  hurdie-gurdies  were  not 
playing,  and  groups  of  dark-haired  women 
talked  solemnly  on  the  corners. 

Down  in  front  of  No.  26  there  were  many 
children  looking  into  the  ■^vnndow,  but,  un- 
like children  of  the  Bend,  making  no  noise. 
That's  where  the  cause  of  all  this  change 
was.  For  No.  26  is  Charles  Bacigalupo's 
chapel  and  undertaking  rooms,  where  for 
twenty-eight  years  the   services   for  the 


ILLNESS   AND   DEATH 


175 


dead  of  the  Italian  colony  have  been  held; 
and  now — Bacigalupo  himself  is  dead. 

He  was  much  more  than  an  undertaker. 
He  was  a  benefactor  of  the  quarter,  a  man 
with  a  motto  of  his  own  that  he  lived  up 
to.  It  hardly  could  be  called  a  business 
motto,  but  Bacigalupo  always  adhered  to 
it  in  his  business,  and  it  was  that  no  Italian 
should  be  buried  in  the  Potter's  Field,  if 
he  could  help  it. 

A  north  of  Italy  man  and  a  devout  Cath- 
olic himself,  "Charlie,"  as  the  colony  called 
him,  never  asked  what  a  dead  man's  reli- 
gion had  been  or  whether  he  was  SiciHan, 
Neapolitan,  or  Genoese.  The  chapel  was 
always  open,  day  and  night,  and  there  was 
always  a  hearse  and  at  least  one  carriage 
ready  whether  there  was  anything  to  pay 
for  them  or  not. 

It  was  so  in  the  beginning,  twenty-eight 
years  ago,  when  Bacigalupo,  who  had  come 
to  the  country  when  he  was  thirteen,  de- 
cided that  he  would  no  longer  work  for 
undertakers  by  day  and  black  boots  on 
Broadway  in  the  evening,  but  go  into  busi- 
ness for  himself. 

He  had  saved  money  enough  then  to  buy  a 
second-hand  hearse  and  a  dilapidated  hack. 
At  the  outset  he  had  to  hire  the  horses, 
and  the  only  room  in  which  he  could  do  his 
work  was  the  one  room  in  which  he  lived. 

Within  a  week  after  this  start  an  Italian 
was  murdered  on  Mulberry  Street.  No- 
body knew  him,  and  the  body,  after  the 
coroner  had  got  his  routine  description  of 
all  the  knife  wounds  for  repetition  in  court, 
was  to  go  to  Potter's  Field — after  the  usual 
custom.  But  Bacigalupo  changed  the  cus- 
tom so  far  as  Mulberry  Bend  was  con- 
cerned. There  was  a  real  fimeral  in  his  room 
for  the  unknown  victim  of  the  stiletto,  and 
the  man  who  could  not  afford  to  keep  his 
own  horses  did  all  the  work  and  paid  all 
the  bills. 

That  was  when  the  motto  was  adopted, 
and  the  records  at  Bacigalupo's  chapel  to- 
day show  that  he  has  saved  nearly  a  thou- 
sand "unknowns"  and  "imfortunates" 
from  the  Potter's  Field. 

Most  of  them  were  Italians,  but  some 
were  the  more  unfortunate  white  girls  of 
Chinatown. 


He  prospered  in  spite  of  all  this  free  serv- 
ice and  he  has  averaged  three  fimerals  a 
day  for  ten  days.  From  the  one  room  his 
place  developed  into  a  whole  floor,  and 
for  the  living  room  in  which  services  were 
held  for  that  murdered  Italian  twenty -eight 
years  ago,  there  was  substituted  a  fine 
chapel  with  altar  fires  and  many  pictures 
and  tapestries,  which  Bacigalupo  brought 
from  Rome  on  his  return  from  frequent 
visits  to  his  home  country. 

But  as  gorgeous  and  elegant  as  the  place 
became,  in  the  eyes  of  the  Italian  quarter, 
it  was  still  free  for  all  who  could  not  pay. 

Bacigalupo  never  talked  about  these 
things  himself  when  asked  about  his  busi- 
ness life  in  the  Bend.  It  was  his  private 
business,  the  number  of  big  black  hearses 
he  sent,  free  of  charge,  for  the  laborers 
who  had  died  while  out  of  work,  and  the 
number  of  small  white  hearses  with  the 
angel  figures  on  the  side  which  he  had 
provided  for  the  children  whose  parents 
were  penniless.  Neither  would  he  talk 
about  the  times  he  had  paid  other  people's 
coal  bills  or  put  a  stop  to  dispossession  pro- 
ceedings by  paying  the  rent  of  people  whom 
he  simply  knew  as  Italians. 

And  only  his  intimate  associates  knew 
that  he  owned  a  half-acre  in  Greenwood 
Cemetery  and  another  big  lot  in  Calvary, 
in  which  he  put  the  bodies  which  otherwise 
would  have  gone  to  the  graveyard  of  the 
morgue's  unknown. 

AU  these  things  Bacigalupo  was  remark- 
ably reticent  about.  On  the  other  hand, 
there  were  some  things  that  he  liked  to 
boast  of.  He  used  to  say,  for  instance,  that 
the  proudest  day  in  his  life  was  that  in 
which  he  drove,  himself,  the  second  coach 
in  Gen.  Grant's  funeral.  He  groomed  his 
own  horses  for  that  procession. 

And  when  Meucci,  the  Italian  patriot 
who  came  over  with  Garibaldi,  died  on 
Staten  Island  Bacigalupo  had  charge  of  the 
big  Italian  funeral  service,  in  Tammany 
Hall,  and  it  was  the  undertaker  of  Mulberry 
Bend  who  prepared  the  revolutionist's  body 
for  shipment  to  Italy. 

When  Kng  Humbert  was  assassinated 
Bacigalupo  had  charge  of  the  memorial 
service  in  this  city.   And  now  the  most  con- 


176 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


spicuous  pictures  at  the  entrance  to  the 
chapel  are  those  of  the  dead  King  and  of 
President  McKinley,  both  nearly  hfe  size. 

Bacigalupo  also  took  a  little  pardonable 
pride  in  the  fact  that  his  establishment  had 
grown  to  include  a  big  stable  with  250 
horses,  10  hearses,  and  many  coaches;  that 
he  had  the  only  automobile  hearse  in  town, 
and  that  it  was  he  who  introduced  the  cus- 
tom of  having  dirge-playing  bands  in  the 
funeral  processions  on  the  Bend. 

Four  years  ago  Bacigalupo  went  to  Rome 
to  present  to  the  Pope  $5,000  which  had 
been  contributed  by  the  immigrants  in  the 
Itahan  quarter,  and  to  the  money  he  added 
as  his  own  gift  a  wonderful  jewelled  robe 
for  his  holiness.  The  Pope  granted  him  an 
audience  and  gave  him  his  picture  and 
autograph,  which  Bacigalupo  brought  back 
to  Mulberry  Street. 

Then  there  was  that  wonderful  Chinese 
fimeral  several  years  ago  when  the  bones 
of  nine  Chinamen  were  removed  from  a 
Brooklyn  cemetery  and  sent  back  to  the 
ancestral  graveyards  in  China.  Bacigalupo 
had  that  affair,  and  it  overtaxed  even  his 
stable  resources,  for  there  were  300  coaches 
in  the  procession  that  wound  through  the 
streets  of  Chinatown,  all  filled  with  China- 
men, while  the  rest  of  the  Mott  and  Pell 
Street  colony  walked  behind  over  the  route 
laid  out  for  them  by  the  Italian. 

These  were  the  things  that  the  vmder- 
taker  was  willing  to  talk  about  when  he  was 
asked  what  he  had  done  in  America.  But 
they  are  of  secondary  importance  on  the 
Bend  to-day.  It  is  the  coal  bills,  and  helps 
with  the  rent  in  hard  times,  and  the  free 
funerals  that  everybody  in  the  quarter,  in- 
cluding the  policemen  on  their  beats  and 
the  one  black  native  from  Abyssinia  who 
'speaks  Italian,  are  talking  about  now  that 
the  crepe  is  on  Bacigalupo's  own  door. 


DEATH  OF  GREAT  EDITOR 

Philadelphia  Ledger 

KANSAS  CITY,  Mo.,  April  13.— Colonel 
William  Rockhill  Nelson,  founder,  owner 
and  editor  of  the  Kansas  City  Star,  died 
at  his  home  here  this  morning.    He  was 


74  years  old,  and  had  been  confined  to  his 
home  since  last  December.  Uremic  poison- 
ing caused  his  death. 

Colonel  Nelson  took  an  active  part  in 
the  management  of  the  Star  until  about 
a  month  ago,  for  even  after  his  illness 
began  members  of  the  Star  staff  gathered 
at  his  bedside  several  times  weekly  for  dis- 
cussion of  questions  of  editorial  policy.  At 
these  conferences  he  dictated  editorials  and 
outlined  ideas  for  cartoons  and  special 
news  articles.  Although  his  physicians 
advised  against  this  activit}^  he  reminded 
them  that  it  was  in  the  building  of  the  Star 
he  had  been  happiest. 

A  day  or  so  before  he  became  vmcon- 
scious  Colonel  Nelson  said  to  a  friend: 

"The  Lord  has  been  far  better  to  me 
than  I  deserve.  I  have  had  a  long  and  happy 
life,  with  great  opportunities  for  usefulness. 
My  only  regret  is  that  I  have  not  accom- 
plished more.  If  this  is  the  end,  I  am 
ready." 

Throughout  his  illness  the  problem  of 
the  poor  was  of  intense  concern  to  him. 
He  made  large  gifts  to  local  charitable 
institutions  and  was  absorbed  in  the  work 
of  a  soup  kitchen,  which  his  daughter, 
Mrs.  Kirkwood,  inaugurated  and  con- 
ducted. 

While  no  formal  statement  was  made,  it 
was  announced  that  "as  far  as  is  humanly 
possible,  the  Star  will  be  conducted  in 
accordance  with  the  aims  and  ideas  of 
Mr.  Nelson." 

Although  Colonel  Nelson  did  not  enter 
the  newspaper  field  until  he  was  nearly 
40  years  old,  he  brought  to  it  such  abUity 
and  energy  that  he  buUt  up  one  of  the 
greatest  newspapers  of  the  country.  He 
was  born  in  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.,  in  1841, 
and  was  educated  at  Notre  Dame  Univer- 
sity. After  a  short  experience  in  cotton 
growing  he  became  a  general  contractor. 
When  34  years  old  he  was  Samuel  J.  Til- 
den's  Indiana  campaign  manager. 

His  interest  in  political  leadership  caused 
him  to  turn  to  newspaper  work.  He  bought 
an  interest  in  the  Fort  Wayne  Sentinel  and 
a  business  reverse  caused  him  to  decide  to 
devote  all  his  time  to  journalism.  He  and 
his  Fort  Wayne  partner,  Samuel  E.  Morss, 


ILLNESS   AND   DEATH 


177 


went  to  Kansas  City  and  started  the  Eve- 
ning Star  on  September  18, 1880.  Mr.  Morss 
withdrew  after  a  few  months. 

When  the  Kansas  City  Times  failed,  in 
1901,  the  Star  bought  that  paper  and  its 
news  franchise.  The  venture  proved  a 
marked  success,  and  the  Star  now  has  a 
circulation,  morning  and  evening,  of  more 
than  200,000  a  day. 

In  politics  Colonel  Nelson  was,  as  he 
often  said,  "independent,  but  never  neu- 
tral." He  never  would  consider  any  elec- 
tive or  appointive  position. 


■    DEATH  OF  COLLEGE  DEAN 

New  York  Evening  Post 

John  Howard  Van  Amringe,  former  dean 
of  Columbia  College,  where  for  half  a  cen- 
tury he  endeared  himself  to  thousands  of 
students,  who  knew  him  best  as  "Van  Am," 
died  suddenly  yesterday  at  the  Keeler 
House,  in  Morristown,  N.  J.  Professor  Van 
Amringe,  who  was  seventy-nine  years  old 
last  spring,  retired  from  the  Columbia  fac- 
ulty five  years  ago,  and  for  some  time 
past  his  health  has  been  failing.  He  suf- 
fered a  stroke  of  apoplexy  just  before 
luncheon,  and  died  within  an  hour.  His 
daughter,  Miss  Emily  Van  Amringe,  was 
with  him. 

The  story  of  the  venerable  ex-dean's  life 
is  almost  a  history  of  Columbia  College  for 
the  last  fifty-odd  years.  To  Columbia  men 
he  was  more  than  a  teacher.  As  Charles 
Halsted  Mapes  remarked,  when  the  alumni 
presented  a  bronze  bust  of  the  dean  to  the 
Columbia  University  Club,  in  1913:  "Van 
Am  has  become  more  than  a  mere  man  to 
us ;  he  is  a  sentiment.  What  the  Yale  fence 
is  to  Yale,  the  ivy  to  Princeton,  Van  Am  is 
to  Columbia — a  tangible,  concrete  expres- 
sion of  sentiment  to  which  our  memories 
lovingly  cling." 

He  was  born  at  Philadelphia,  on  April  3, 
1836,  the  son  of  William  Frederic  and  Susan 
Budd  (Sterling)  Van  Amringe.  His  grand- 
father, Lionel  Van  Amringe,  was  a  soldier 
under  Frederick  the  Great,  and  emigrated 
from  Holland  in  1791.  His  family  removed 
from  Philadelphia  to  New  York  in  1841. 


He  received  most  of  his  early  education 
from  his  father,  but  was  later  sent  to  the 
Montgomery  Academy,  Orange  County, 
N.  Y.,  where  his  father  was  instructor  for 
a  time.  In  1854  he  entered  Yale,  and  would 
have  graduated  in  1858,  but  left  the  Col- 
lege at  the  end  of  his  sophomore  year  and 
taught  private  pupils  for  two  years.  In  the 
fall  of  1858  he  entered  Columbia  College 
as  a  member  of  the  junior  class,  graduating 
with  the  degree  of  B.A.  in  1860. 

Van  Amringe,  the  undergraduate,  dis- 
played a  fondness  for  mathematics  and 
debating,  and  in  after  years  these  were 
always  his  favorite  subjects.  Those  who 
listened  to  him  in  more  recent  years,  ad- 
dressing undergraduate  mass  meetings  or 
speaking  at  alumni  reunions,  or  presenting 
some  distinguished  candidate  for  this  or 
that  honorary  degree  on  commencement 
day,  could  trace  his  flow  of  oratory  back 
to  its  beginnings  in  the  classroom,  where, 
as  a  student,  he  used  to  hold  forth  in  the 
presence  of  old  Professor  Nairne,  who 
taught  moral  and  intellectual  philosophy 
and  literature.  Nairne  had  a  way  of  hold- 
ing impromptu  debates  in  the  classroom, 
pitting  one  student  against  another.  But 
it  was  in  mathematics  that  Van  Amringe 
excelled,  and  he  taught  this  subject  to 
generations  of  Columbia  men. 

When  Van  Am  came  to  Columbia  he 
was  possessed  of  a  brilliant  head  of  red  hair, 
which  in  later  years  turned  white.  He  also 
wore  flowing  moustaches,  and  these  became 
immortalized  in  the  song  that  Columbia 
men  never  tire  of  singing: 

D'ye  ken  Van  Am  with  his  snowy  hair, 
D'ye  ken  Van  Am  with  his  whiskers  rare, 
D'ye  ken  Van  Am  with  his  martial  air,  ♦ 

As  he  crosses  the  Quad  in  the  morning? 

CHORUS. 

The  sight  of  Van  Am  raised  my  hat  from  my  head, 
And  the  sound  of  his  voice  often  filled  me  with 

dread, 
Oh ,  I  shook  in  my  boots  at  the  things  that  he  said 
When  he  asked  me  to  call  in  the  morning. 

Yes,  I  ken'd  Van  Am,  to  my  sorrow,  too, 
When  I  was  a  freshman  of  verdant  hue.< 
First  a  cut,  then  a  bar,  then  an  interview 
With  the  Dean  in  his  den  in  the  morning. 

But  we  love  Van  Am  from  our  heart  and  soul. 
Let's  drink  to  his  health!   Let's  finish  the  bowl! 


178 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


We'll  swear  by  Van  Am  through  fair  and  through 
foul, 
And  wish  him  the  top  o'  the  morning. 

D'ye  ken  Van  Am  with  his  fine  old  way, 
The  Dean  of  Columbia  for  many  a  day? 
Long  may  he  live  and  long  may  he  stay 

Where  his  voice  may  be  heard  in  the  morning. 

One  of  his  undertakings  at  Columbia  was 
the  organization  of  the  Alumni  Association 
of  Columbia  College,  which  he  began  as 
soon  as  he  had  become  an  alumnus  himself. 
The  Association  was  then  more  dead  than 
alive,  but  through  his  efforts  it  has  become 
the  most  flourishing  and  influential  of  all 
the  Columbia  alumni  organizations. 

The  dean  had  few  outside  interests;  his 
life  was  devoted  almost  entirely  to  Colum- 
bia, and  the  few  other  activities  in  which 
he  engaged  were  closely  allied  to  his  work 
at  the  College.  He  itvas  a  member  of  the 
American  Mathematical  Society  and  of 
the  New  York  Historical  Society,  and,  at 
one  time,  was  president  of  the  New  York 
Mathematical  Society.  He  was  also  a  fel- 
low of  the  American  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science  and  a  vestryman 
of  Trinity  Church.  Some  years  ago  he 
edited  a  series  of  Davies's  mathematical 
works. 

As  prime  mover  in  the  organization  of 
the  Columbia  University  Club,  he  was  its 
first  president,  and  there  never  has  been 
any  other. 

As  an  authority  on  matters  relating  to 
the  history  of  the  University  he  was  with- 
out an  equal.  He  wrote  a  "History  of 
Columbia  College,"  and  to  the  volume 
known  as  "Universities  and  Their  Sons" 
he  contributed  the  Columbia  section. 

One  of  the  things  that  endeared  him  most 
to  Columbia  men  was  his  championship  of 
football.  In  1905,  after  Columbia  had  been 
severely  criticised  for  her  football  tactics, 
and  the  faculty,  in  a  historic  meeting,  de- 
cided that  the  sport  should  be  dropped, 
the  Dean  was  the  only  friend  the  under- 


graduates had.  In  that  meeting  he  took 
the  stand  of  the  undergraduates  and  ear- 
nestly championed  the  game.  After  the 
close  of  the  football  season  of  1906  more 
than  two  thousand  students  stormed  the 
Faculty  Club,  where  the  Dean  was  at  lunch, 
and,  after  singing  his  song,  demanded  that 
he  make  a  speech  to  them  on  football.  They 
told  him  they  wanted  football,  and  he  said: 
"  I  know  that,  but  you  know  I  cannot  give 
it  to  you.  You  have  behaved  as  I  have 
always  known  you  to  behave,  with  propri- 
ety and  dignity,  and  if  you  keep  on  there's 
no  telling  what  you  may  get." 

Football  will  be  played  once  more  at 
Columbia  this  year,  and  more  than  one 
alumnus  will  regret  that  the  venerable  Van 
Am  is  not  in  the  stands  when  the  opening 
game  is  played  on  South  Field. 

At  the  time  when  Columbia  began  to 
expand  from  a  college  to  a  university  of 
many  departments,  the  proposal  to  do 
away  with  the  college  altogether,  and  to 
convert  Columbia  into  a  group  of  graduate 
schools,  was  considered.  The  idea  "  took" 
with  some  of  the  authorities,  and  had  it  not 
been  for  vigorous  opposition,  in  which  Van 
Am  took  a  leading  part,  it  is  not  unlikely 
that  the  change  would  have  been  made. 

When  it  became  known,  in  the  spring 
of  1910,  that  the  dean  was  to  retire,  the 
students  prepared  a  petition  to  the  faculty, 
asking  them  to  place  him  on  the  roll  as  dean 
emeritus.  The  parchment  was  afterward 
framed  and  hung  in  the  Trophy  Room. 

At  the  dinner  given  by  the  Columbia 
alumni  to  celebrate  Dean  Van  Amringe's 
fiftieth  year  of  connection  with  the  Uni- 
versity, the  presiding  officer  read  from 
Oliver  Wendell  Hohnes's  class-day  poem, 
and  turned  to  the  venerable  dean  as  he 
quoted: 

Was  it  snowing,  I  spoke  of.  Excuse  the  mistake! 
Look  close — and  you'll  see  not  a  sign  of  a  flake! 
We  want  some  new  garlands  for  those  we  have  shed, 
And  these  are  white  roses  instead  of  the  red. 


CHAPTER  X 


POLITICS   AND   ELECTIONS 


Most  political  news  falls  into  one  of  the  general  classes  of  stories  already 
considered.  Party  conventions,  campaign  meetings,  political  speeches,  in- 
terviews with  candidates  and  party  managers,  for  example,  are  treated  like 
similar  material  in  other  fields.  Elections,  on  the  other  hand,  require  a 
different  handling.  Three  common  kinds  of  election  stories  are:  (1)  an 
analysis  of  political  conditions  preceding  an  election  with  or  without  a 
forecast  of  the  result,  (2)  a  description  of  election  day  conditions  and  events, 
(3)  the  results  of  the  election. 

Although  some  newspapers  are  sufficiently  independent  in  politics  to 
treat  political  news  without  partisan  bias,  many  papers  still  present  such 
news  from  the  point  of  view  of  their  editorial  pohcy.  There  is  a  growing 
tendency,  however,  to  present  both  sides  fairly  in  news  columns  and  to 
confine  partisanship  to  editorials. 

Election  return  stories  consist  largely  of  summaries  of  the  most  important 
results  of  the  election,  such  as:  (1)  the  candidates  elected  and  defeated, 
(2)  the  majority  or  plurality  of  the  successful  candidates,  (3)  the  effect  of 
the  election  on  the  political  complexion  of  legislative  bodies,  (4)  causes  of 
victory  and  defeat,  (5)  statements  by  candidates  and  party  managers  in 
regard  to  the  results. 


POLITICAL  FORECAST 

Springfield  Republican 

Estimates  as  to  the  relative  strength  of 
the  three  leading  political  parties  are  at 
variance,  but  some  of  the  best  informed 
politicians  are  of  the  opinion  that  the 
alignment  this  year  will  be  vastly  different 
from  what  it  was  last  year.  Local  political 
workers  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  repub- 
lican vote  for  governor  in  this  section  this 
year  will  be  much  larger  than  it  was  last 
year.  This  contention  is  made  by  promi- 
nent republicans  who  have  canvassed  the 


western  counties  very  carefully,  and  who 
have  done  considerable  campaign  work  in 
this  section.  Their  predictions  are  made 
on  the  ground  that  the  republican  candi- 
date last  year  antagonized  a  large  element 
in  the  party,  who  either  voted  for  Gov 
Walsh  or  for  Mr  Bird  or  did  not  vote  at  all. 
The  check  lists  in  almost  every  town  and 
city  in  Western  Massachusetts,  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  places  in  Berkshire, 
showed  that  the  average  republican  vote 
last  year  was  about  75  per  cent  of  the  nor- 
mal vote  of  the  party. 
The  leaders  figure  that  Mr  McCall  will 


i8o 


TYPES   OF   NEWS  WRITING 


command  a  large  percentage  of  the  repub- 
lican vote  that  was  lost  last  year.  They 
likewise  figure  that  both  Joseph  Walker 
and  Gov  Walsh  will  suffer  serious  defec- 
tions this  year.  They  believe  that  Mr 
Walker  will  not  poll  more  than  two-thirds 
of  the  vote  polled  by  Mr  Bird  last  year. 
They  figure  that  Gov  Walsh  will  lose  at 
least  5  per  cent  of  his  vote  of  last  year. 
If  these  predictions  should  come  true,  they 
say  that  Mr  McCall  would  profit  by  the 
defections  from  the  other  candidates.  This 
would  mean  a  close  call  for  Gov  Walsh  and 
possibly  his  defeat. 

While  the  democrats  and  progressives 
express  confidence  that  their  respective  can- 
didates will  be  winners,  politicians  who  are 
not  showing  any  active  interest  in  the  cam- 
paign believe  that  the  contentions  made  by 
the  republicans  deserve  consideration.  Fig- 
uring on  the  basis  of  last  year's  vote,  local 
republicans  predict  that  Gov  Walsh  will 
be  fortunate  if  he  receives  175,000  votes. 
This  would  mean  a  loss  of  about  8000 
from  his  vote  of  last  year.  Should  the 
progressives  poll  80,000,  they  would  suffer 
a  loss  of  about  43,000  on  the  vote  for  gov- 
ernor. These  defections  would  probably 
go  to  Mr  McCall,  who  then  would  come 
very  close  to  defeating  the  democratic 
candidate.  The  figures  submitted  are  not 
impossible,  as  the  vote  last  year  indicates. 
Mr  Bird,  then  candidate  for  governor,  ran 
far  ahead  of  the  other  candidates  on  the 
progressive  ticket.  This  in  itself  shows  that 
the  true  strength  of  the  party  was  more 
nearly  represented  in  the  vote  cast  for  the 
other  candidates  on  the  ticket  than  for  the 
candidate  for  governor. 

Western  Massachusetts  may  not  prove 
to  be  such  a  tremendous  factor  in  deciding 
the  campaign  this  year,  but  if  the  signs 
of  the  times  are  read  correctly,  Mr  McCall 
will  receive  an  unusually  large  vote  through- 
out this  section  of  the  state.  It  is  quite 
probable  that  Mr  Walker  may  command 
a  sizeable  vote,  but  his  strength  is  not  ap- 
parent now.  The  injection  of  prohibition 
into  the  progressive  campaign  is  thought 
to  have  injured  the  Walker  cause,  not  be- 
cause the  average  progressive  is  opposed  to 
prohibition,  but  because  many  of  them 


believe  that  the  cause  of  prohibition  should 
be  confined  to  the  party  that  raised  it  as  an 
issue.  The  enthusiasm  which  character- 
ized the  progressive  campaigns  in  the  two 
years  past  is  noticeably  absent  this  year. 
Try  as  the  leaders  will,  they  cannot  raise 
the  excitement  of  former  years,  and  this 
is  not  a  healthy  sign  in  the  opinion  of  those 
who  have  followed  politics  closely. 

The  progressives,  however,  maintain  that 
they  have  not  suffered  any  losses,  and  they 
again  predict  a  large  vote  this  fall.  Richard 
J.  Talbot,  chairman  of  the  progressive  city 
committee,  claims  that  one-third  of  the 
new  registration  will  be  found  voting  with 
the  progressives  on  election  day.  Mr  Talbot 
likewise  goes  on  record  as  predicting  that 
the  contest  for  governor  this  year  will  be 
between  Mr  Walsh  and  Mr  Walker.  He 
believes  that  Mr  McCall  will  run  third,  as 
Mr  Gardner  did  last  year. 

The  progressives  and  the  democrats  will 
follow  closely  on  the  heels  of  the  republican 
spellbinders  who  will  invade  the  city  Mon- 
day evening.  A  big  republican  rally  is 
planned  for  that  evening  when  Mr  McCall, 
Senator  Burton  and  Congressman  Gillett 
will  be  heard.  The  local  republican  city 
committee  has  planned  a  reception  for  the 
candidates  from  7.15  until  8  o'clock.  The 
rally  will  be  held  in  the  Auditorium.  The 
democrats  will  hold  their  rally  in  the  Audi- 
torium on  Wednesday  evening,  the  28th, 
and  it  is  possible  that  the  progressives  will 
follow  on  the  29th  or  30th. 


ELECTION  DAY 

New  York  Times 

The  fair  weather  and  the  fact  that  the 
new  modified  Massachusetts  ballot  gave 
the  voters  little  trouble  made  ideal  condi- 
tions yesterday  for  rapid  voting. 

Voters  began  to  crowd  polling  places 
within  five  minutes  after  the  polls  opened 
at  6  o'clock.  They  voted  in  steady  streams 
until  9  o'clock,  when  the  first  lull  set  in, 
and  a  tabulation  of  figures  revealed  the  fact 
that  nearly  half  the  votes  were  cast. 

It  was  a  record  for  early  voting  for  any 
election  in  recent  years.   By  noon  65  per 


POLITICS    AND   ELECTIONS 


i8i 


cent,  of  the  total  vote  was  in,  and  at  4 
o'clock  reports  indicated  that  the  late  after- 
noon rush  would  be  inconsequential,  as  85 
per  cent,  of  the  vote  had  already  been  cast. 
The  total  vote  was  recorded  in  several 
election  districts  more  than  an  hour  before 
the  polls  were  scheduled  to  be  closed. 

Trouble  had  been  expected  from  the  new 
ballots,  but  as  voter  after  voter  emerged 
from  the  voting  booths  within  a  minute 
after  entering,  the  watchers  began  to  gain 
confidence  that  the  day  would  pass  without 
serious  confusion. 

In  the  districts  near  Columbia  Univer- 
sity some  voters  took  as  long  as  nine  min- 
utes to  vote,  their  extreme  deliberation 
indicating  that  they  were  splitting  their 
tickets  with  much  care.  In  the  downtown 
districts  political  parties  set  up  sample 
voting  places  as  near  to  the  polls  as  the  law 
would  allow.  With  sample  ballots  and  the 
aid  of  instructors,  they  taught  the  voters  who 
had  not  had  the  opportunity  to  familiarize 
themselves  with  the  new  ballots  earlier, 
how  to  vote  in  the  normal  amount  of  time. 

The  "place  of  stay"  voters  were  con- 
spicuous by  their  absence.  Watchers  for 
the  Honest  Ballot  Association,  who  were 
employed  in  squads  of  100  members  each, 
scoured  the  city  with  warrants  for  the 
arrest  of  men  who  were  suspected,  but  they 
went  empty-handed  for  the  most  part, 
although  they  challenged  a  few  suspects. 

One  young  man  became  very  indignant 
and  wanted  to  fight  when  challenged.  He 
rushed  into  the  office  of  Supt.  of  Elections 
Voorhis,  denouncing  everybody  in  general 
connected  with  the  election,  and  demanding 
that  an  escort  be  given  to  him  to  see  that 
he  got  his  legal  chance  to  vote.  He  was 
asked  where  he  voted  last  year  and  he  said 
in  New  Jersey,  insisting,  however,  that  he 
had  lived  here  a  year  since  that  time.  Supt. 
Voorhis  with  a  smile  informed  the  young 
man  that  the  election  last  year  was  on 
Nov.  4,  so  that  if  he  swore  in  his  vote  this 
year  he  "would  be  taking  a  pretty  long 
chance."  He  changed  his  belligerent  mood 
at  once  and  left,  with  thanks  for  Mr. 
Voorhis's  warning. 

The  only  serious  quarrel  of  the  day  oc- 
curred at  the  opening  of  the  polls  in  the 


Fourteenth  Election  District  of  the  Eighth 
Assembly  District  at  180  Eldridge  Street. 
A  Democratic  Captain  objected  to  Joseph 
Strulowitz  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Inspectors.  Strulowitz  was  supported  by 
Misha  Hymowitz,  Chairman  of  the  board, 
and  a  seventeen-minute  argument  ensued 
that  sometimes  grew  so  warm  that  by- 
standers had  to  separate  the  contenders. 

While  it  lasted  not  a  single  vote  could 
be  cast,  and  it  was  finally  settled  by  the 
protests  of  more  than  100  voters,  who 
urged  that  they  had  to  be  on  their  way  to 
work  and  couldn't  afford  to  stand  about 
just  to  see  a  row.  Strulowitz  finally  was 
permitted  to  take  his  place.  Supt.  Voorhis 
had  to  send  a  Special  Inspector  to  a  Brook- 
lyn election  district  on  receiving  a  report 
from  a  Deputy  that  only  three  Inspectors 
instead  of  four,  as  provided  by  law,  were 
on  duty. 

Mr.  Voorhis  sent  out  300  Deputies  in  a 
search  for  election  frauds.  Upon  receiving 
reports  from  them  as  to  the  speed  and 
quietness  of  the  voting  throughout  the 
city,  Mr.  Voorhis  announced  that  it  was 
the  quietest  and  most  smoothly  working 
Election  Day  he  had  ever  known. 

The  entrance  of  former  football  stars 
into  the  business  of  watching  the  polls 
provided  in  some  districts  an  element  of 
interest  that  almost  overshadowed  the 
voting.  L.  Bigelow,  Jr.,  Captain  of  Yale's 
football  team  in  1907,  led  the  football  forces 
that  had  volunteered  as  watchers.  He  was 
the  centre  of  admiring  throngs  of  boys 
when  he  visited  voting  places  in  lower  Fifth 
Avenue.  With  him  were  Walter  Logan  and 
John  Kilpatrick,  ends  on  the  Yale  team  in 
1910;  "Pop"  Foster,  a  Yale  tackle  in  1908; 
Arthur  Howe,  an  Ail-American  quarter 
back,  selected  from  the  Yale  team  of  1910; 
S.  D.  Baker  of  Princeton,  and  "Big  Ed" 
Farley  of  Harvard. 

The  football  squad  worked  with  250 
college  men,  who  were  registered  as  mem- 
bers of  the  Volunteer  Watchers'  League 
and  were  under  the  direct  control  of  Assist- 
ant District  Attorney  Weller.  Some  of 
them  remained  in  automobiles  at  the 
Criminal  Courts  Building  ready  to  respond 
on  an  instant's  notice  to  any  call  for  help. 


l82 


TYPES   OF   NEWS   WRITING 


A  bit  of  humor  that  enlivened  the  day 
in  the  upper  east  side  was  contributed  by 
the  fact  that  four  Election  Inspectors,  a 
ballot  clerk,  a  poll  clerk,  and  a  policeman 
had  to  remain  on  duty  all  day  at  an  elec- 
tion district  where  the  entire  vote  was  cast 
at  9  o'clock  and  there  was  no  possible  pros- 
pect of  getting  any  more  votes  through  the 
long  day's  wait.  The  voteless  watch  oc- 
curred at  the  Forty-seventh  Election  Dis- 
trict of  the  Nineteenth  Assembly  District 
at  McGowan's  Pass  Tavern  in  Central 
Park.  At  8:58  o'clock  50  per  cent,  of  the 
district's  vote  was  cast  when  Max  Boehm 
cast  his  vote,  and  the  other  50  per  cent, 
was  cast  when  Max  Boehm's  son  Bertrand 
emerged  from  the  booth  two  minutes  later. 
They  were  the  only  two  registered  voters 
in  the  district. 


Women  from  the  Women's  Political 
Union  visited  the  different  polling  places 
distributing  suffrage  literature.  The  women 
were  on  duty,  some  of  them  from  6  A.  M., 
and  they  remained  until  the  close.  Hun- 
dreds of  women  passed  in  and  out  of  the 
headquarters  of  the  union  at  25  East  Forty- 
fifth  Street  during  the  day  to  get  literature 
and  directions  for  distribution.  Mrs.  Har- 
riot Stanton  Blatch,  the  President,  was  at 
623  Columbus  Avenue,  her  own  district, 
with  her  daughter  and  little  granddaughter, 
the  latter  distributing  literature  with  her 
elders.  Mrs.  John  Winters  Brannan  was 
at  the  polls  in  the  cigar  shop,  103  West 
Forty-sixth  Street,  and  Miss  Anna  Con- 
stable, at  631  Park  Avenue.  Polling  places 
on  the  lower  east  side  were  thoroughly 
covered  by  the  women. 


STATE  ELECTION  RESULTS 

New  York  World 
(Lead  only) 

By  a  change  of  more  than  330,000  votes  the  electors  of  New  York  State  yes- 
terday brought  about  these  results: 

Swept  the  Democratic  party  from  the  control  of  the  New  York  State  govern- 
ment by  electing  Charles  S.  Whitman,  the  Republican  candidate.  Governor  by  a 
plurality  of  129,642  over  Martin  H.  Glynn,  Democrat. 

Elected  James  W.  Wadsworth  jr..  Republican,  to  the  seat  in  the  Senate  now 
held  by  Elihu  Root,  over  James  W.  Gerard,  by  a  plurality  of  probably  55,000. 
Mr.  Gerard,  however,  ran  many  thousands  of  votes  ahead  of  Mr.  Glynn,  not  only 
in  the  City  of  New  York  but  in  the  country  districts.  He  received  132,000  plural- 
ity in  New  York  City;  Mr.  Glynn  57,000. 

Turned  over  to  the  Republicans  the  control  of  both  branches  of  the  Legisla- 
ture, the  next  Senate  probably  containing  32  Republicans  and  19  Democrats,  and 
the  Assembly  106  Republicans  and  44  Democrats. 

Reduced  the  Democratic  representation  in  the  New  York  delegation  to  the 
House  of  Representatives  from  31  to  23. 

Gave  a  surprisingly  large  vote  to  William  Sulzer,  the  Prohibition-Progres- 
sive-American candidate  for  Governor,  not  only  in  the  country  districts,  but  in 
the  Tammany  stronghold  of  Manhattan.   He  carried  Steuben  County  by  300. 

Showed  a  slump  in  the  Progressive  vote  in  every  part  of  the  State,  in  some  in- 
stances the  number  of  ballots  cast  for  Mr.  Davenport,  the  Progressive  candidate 
for  Governor,  being  negligible.  The  total  Progressive  vote  was  apparently  about 
one-fifth  of  the  393,183  given  Mr.  Straus  two  years  ago. 


POLITICS   AND   ELECTIONS 


183 


STATE  ELECTION  RETURNS 
New  York  Tvmes 

PHILADELPHIA,  Nov.  3.— Boies  Pen- 
rose was  re-elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate  today  by  a  plurality  approaching 
100,000. 

Dr.  Martin  Brumbaugh,  Republican 
candidate  for  Governor,  was  elected  by 
more  than  125,000,  and  the  entire  Repub- 
lican State  ticket  was  swept  into  office, 
according  to  latest  unofficial  returns  from 
all  parts  of  Pennsylvania. 

This  estimate  is  based  upon  the  heavy 
Republican  vote  polled  in  Philadelphia 
and  Pittsburgh  and  the  sweep  of  the  Re- 
publican column  in  such  Democratic  strong- 
holds as  Lehigh  and  Lycoming  Counties. 

The  commanding  lead  of  the  Republi- 
cans indicates  that  the  Democratic  delega- 
tion in  the  National  House  of  Representa- 
tives will  be  reduced  from  twelve  to  seven, 
the  Progressive  delegation  reduced  from 
seven  to  two,  and  the  Republicans  increased 
from  17  to  27. 

The  Republicans  will  have  a  large  ma- 
jority in  both  Houses  of  the  State  Legis- 
lature. 

Until  late  tonight,  Democratic  State 
leaders  claimed  the  election  of  Vance 
McCormick,  Democratic  candidate  for 
Governor,  by  135,000,  despite  the  all- 
apparent  Republican  victory.  Progressive 
State  leaders  admitted  defeat  shortly  before 
midnight. 

A.  Nevin  Detrick,  State  Chairman  of 
the  Progressive  Party,  said  tonight: 

Returns  indicate  an  overwhelming  vic- 
tory for  Penrose  and  Brumbaugh.  I  at- 
tribute this  vote  to  a  revulsion  against  the 
Democratic  Administration  and  the  belief 
on  the  part  of  the  electorate  that  the  Re- 
publican Party  is  the  instrument  through 
which  there  will  be  a  revival  of  prosperity. 

State  issues  seem  to  have  been  lost 
sight  of  by  the  voters,  and  the  entire  re- 
sult is  apparently  based  on  national  tra- 
ditions. Returns  from  over  the  State  are 
too  meagre  to  predict  from  as  to  the  dis- 
trict, Congressional,  and  Legislative  can- 
didates, but  there  is  little  doubt  that  the 
returns  for  the  head  of  the  ticket  will 
prevail  throughout  the  list. 


Gilford  Pinchot,  Progressive  candidate 
for  United  States  Senator,  said : 

During  the  campaign  j  ust  ended,  I  made 
the  statement  that,  win  or  lose,  I  would 
keep  on  with  the  fight  for  the  conser- 
vation of  natural  resources  for  the  use  of 
the  people,  against  the  monopolies  and 
special  interests,  and  in  particular  against 
the  kind  of  government  that  Penrose  rej)- 
resents.  I  reaffirm  that  statement  now. 

A.  Mitchell  Palmer,  Democratic  candi- 
date for  United  States  Senator,  ran  second, 
with  Pinchot,  Progressive,  third.  Palmer 
commanded  a  much  larger  vote  than  had 
been  conceded  by  the  opposition  leaders. 

The  four  Republican  Congressmen  at 
large,  Scott,  Crago,  Lafean,  and  Garland, 
were  elected,  and  the  Republicans  in  all 
probability  have  carried  into  office  nine- 
teen of  the  twenty-seven  members  of  the 
State  Senate. 

Latest  returns  from  this  city  indicate 
that  Brumbaugh  carried  Philadelphia  by 
a  majority  of  115,000  and  Penrose  by 
100,000.  Republican  leaders  in  Philadelphia 
asserted  that  this  sweep  meant  that  the  fuU 
Philadelphia  delegation  of  six  Congressmen 
had  been  won  by  the  Republicans.  ' 

The  vote  throughout  Pennsylvania  was 
exceptionally  heavy,  and  it  is  estimated 
that  upward  of  1,000,000  citizens  went  to 
the  polls. 

While  no  estimate  of  the  complete 
Pinchot  vote  is  yet  possible,  it  is  believed 
that  Col.  Roosevelt's  recent  invasion  of 
Pennsylvania  aided  little  in  bringing  sup- 
port. 


CITY  ELECTION  RETURNS 
St.  Louis  Globe-Democrat 

The  St.  Louis  vote  in  Tuesday's  election 
was  a  landslide  for  the  Republicans. 

The  tabulated  vote  from  all  the  474  pre- 
cincts shows  majorities  ranging  from  3000 
to  25,000.  The  St.  Louis  County  vote  also 
was  carried  by  the  Republicans. 

The  final  count  shows  that  the  Demo- 
crats elected  only  one  congressman,  three 
members  of  the  Legislature,  four  justices 
of  the  peace  and  four  constables. 


i84 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


The  home  rule  police  and  excise  laws  car- 
ried in  St.  Louis  by  a  majority  of  8400. 
The  vote  in  the  state,  however,  defeated 
the  home  rule  laws. 

The  woman  suffrage  amendment  re- 
ceived a  hard  blow  in  St.  Louis,  the  major- 
ity against  it  being  57,135. 

The  total  Republican  and  Democratic 
vote  in  St.  Louis  is  estimated  at  114,000. 
The  vote  of  the  Progressive  party  almost 
disappeared.  Arthur  N.  Sager,  the  Pro- 
gressive candidate  for  United  States  sena- 
tor, polled  only  1600  votes. 

The  Socialist  vote,  which  has  not  been 
tabulated,  is  estimated  at  about  8000. 

The  Republican  ticket  was  led  by  How- 
ard Sidener,  candidate  for  re-election  for 
prosecuting  attorney.  His  plurahty  was 
more  than  25,000  over  Walter  A.  Kelly, 
the  Democratic  candidate.  The  plurality 
of  Louis  Alt  for  license  collector  was  over 
25,000.  He  defeated  Dennis  P.  O'Brien, 
Democrat. 

Karl  Kimmel  defeated  Glendy  B.  Arnold, 
who  led  the  Democratic  judicial  ticket,  by 
3000  votes.  George  H.  Shields,  Republican, 
had  a  plurality  of  15,378  over  John  J. 
O'Brien,  low  man  on  the  Democratic  judi- 
cial ticket. 

By  a  majority  of  more  than  14,000  over 
Edward  A.  Feehan,  Democrat,  Charles  W. 
Holtcamp  was  re-elected  probate  judge. 
For  each  of  the  more  important  offices, 
the  Republican  candidates'  pluralities  ex- 
ceeded 12,000. 

By  the  election  of  L.  C.  Dyer  in  the 
Twelfth  District  over  John  P.  Collins,  the 
Republicans  will  gain  one  congressman 
from  St.  Louis.  Henry  A.  Hamilton,  the 
Republican  candidate  in  the  Eleventh  Dis- 
trict, was  defeated  by  William  L.  Igoe  by  a 
plurality  of  more  than  1900.  Collins  lost 
to  Dyer  by  2100. 

Jacob  E.  Meeker,  Republican  candidate, 
was  elected  in  the  Tenth  District  by  a 
plurality  over  Francis  M.  Curlee  of  more 
than  14,000  in  the  city.  Meeker,  who  will 
succeed  Richard  Bartholdt,  had  a  large 
majority  m  St.  Louis  County. 

The  Democrats  elected  their  representa- 
tives in  the  Legislature  from  the  Third 
District  only,   the  successful  candidates 


being  J.  J.  Moroney,  Charles  Rizzo  and 
Martin  Ward. 

The  Republicans  elected  three  state  sen- 
ators and  thirteen  members  of  the  House 
of  Representatives.  The  election  gives  the 
Republicans  of  St.  Louis  sixteen  votes  in 
the  General  Assembly  of  the  state. 

A.  C.  Wiget,  Jr.,  defeated  Maurice  J. 
Cassidy,  the  Democratic  incumbent  from 
the  Thirteenth  District,  in  the  State  Senate. 

Four  justices  of  the  peace  were  elected 
by  the  Democrats — Edward  Rice  winning 
over  Col.  Dick  Johnson  in  the  Third  Dis- 
trict, Andrew  Gazzolo  and  Rod  Gorman 
being  elected  in  the  Fifth  District,  and  James 
P.  Miles  winning  in  the  Sixth  District. 

George  Grassmuck,  Republican,  defeated 
Andrew  Sculh%  member  of  the  House  of 
Delegates,  for  justice  of  the  peace  in  the 
Eighth  District  by  a  large  plurality.  W.  D. 
Moore,  Republican,  defeated  Robert  J. 
Carroll,  Democrat,  in  the  Ninth  District. 

Lawrence  P.  Daley,  Democratic  city 
committeeman  in  the  Seventeenth  Ward, 
was  defeated  for  constable  in  the  Fourth 
District.  The  Democrats  elected  only 
three  constables.  Daley  led  Turpin  in  the 
voting,  but  fell  behind  Floyd  E.  Bush,  Re- 
publican, who  was  elected. 

Republican  majorities  were  piled  up  in 
the  First,  Second,  Ninth,  Tenth,  Elev- 
enth, Twelfth,  Thirteenth,  Fourteenth  and 
Twenty-first  wards. 


VOTE  ON  LIQUOR  ISSUE 
Chicago  Record-Herald 

Richmond,  Va.,  Sept.  22. — [Special.] — 
Virginia  will  join  the  other  dry  states 
Nov.  1,  1916,  a  majority  of  the  voters  of 
the  state  having  cast  their  ballots  to-day 
in  favor  of  state-wide  prohibition.  Anti- 
liquor  forces  carried  the  election  by  not  less 
than  25,000. 

The  cities  of  Alexandria,  Danville,  Nor- 
folk and  Richmond  were  the  only  ones  that 
gave  a  majority  against  state-wide  prohi- 
bition. Richmond  voted  4,287  for  prohibi- 
tion and  6,011  against.  The  vote  in  the 
twenty  cities  of  the  state  was  21,726  for  and 
19,699  against  state-wide  prohibition. 


POLITICS  AND  ELECTIONS 


iSs 


Scattering  returns  from  all  the  counties 
show  heavy  dry  majorities. 

The  surprise  of  the  day  was  the  vote 
in  Petersburg,  2,122  for  state- wide  prohi- 
bition and  1,123  against.  The  wets  had 
figured  on  carrying  that  city  as  well  as 
Newport  News,  which  went  dry  by  a  vote 
of  1,024  to  761. 

In  Alexandria,  the  home  of  a  large 
brewery,  the  vote  was  387  for  and  1,132 
against.  Bristol,  which  voted  wet  in  the 
last  local  option  election,  voted  424  to  282 
for  state-wide  prohibition. 

Roanoke  joined  the  dry  column  by  a 
vote  of  2,329  for  and  1,226  against,  and 
the  vote  in  Lynchburg  was  1,713  for  and 
973  against. 

The  counties  of  Amelia,  Page  and  Greene 


are  the  only  ones  so  far  heard  from  that 
registered  a  wet  majority. 

Ninety  of  the  100  counties  voted  dry 
in  previous  local  option  contests. 

The  result  of  the  election  will  cause  the 
state  to  lose  in  revenue  about  $700,000 
annually.  It  will  cause  all  of  the  liquor 
manufacturing  concerns  to  remove  from 
the  state.  Only  manufacturers  at  present 
engaged  in  the  production  of  wine  and  its 
by-products,  cider  and  beer,  of  not  over 
3^  per  cent  alcohol,  can  manufacture  in  this 
state  after  Nov.  1,  1916,  and  the  product 
must  be  shipped  outside  the  state  and  into 
territory  where  its  sale  is  legally  authorized. 

The  day  was  a  perfect  one  throughout 
the  state.  No  disorder  was  reported  in  any 
town  or  county. 


CHAPTER  XI 


LABOR  TROUBLES  AND   STRIKES 


Steikes,  lock-outs,  and  similar  labor  troubles,  as  disturbances  in  the  eco- 
nomic life  of  the  community,  are  of  interest  to  many  readers  who  are  not 
directly  affected.  Important  issues  of  wide-spread  interest,  such  as  the 
recognition  of  trades  unions,  the  eight-hour  day,  and  a  living  wage,  are  often 
involved  in  labor  disputes.  Acts  of  violence  committed  in  connection  with 
strikes  have  for  the  average  reader  the  same  kind  of  interest  as  do  other 
similar  acts. 

A  fair  and  accurate  presentation  of  the  points  of  view  of  both  the  em- 
ployers and  the  employees  is  essential  in  all  stories  of  this  kind.  Statements 
from  both  sides,  therefore,  are  important.  Although  stories  in  this  class  are 
largely  informative,  there  is  also  a  chance  for  human  interest  treatment. 
Accounts  of  Hving  and  working  conditions,  for  example,  as  obtained  from 
workmen  and  their  families  often  give  a  better  picture  of  the  circumstances 
that  produced  the  strike  than  do  formal  statements  by  labor  leaders.  Sym- 
pathy may  be  legitimately  created  for  the  strikers  and  their  families,  espe- 
cially when  they  are  in  actual  want  or  are  plainly  the  victims  of  oppression. 
Because  the  settlement  of  labor  troubles  not  infrequently  is  brought  about 
by  the  influence  of  public  opinion,  constructive  journalism  recognizes  the 
importance  of  furnishing  readers  with  all  of  the  facts  necessary  for  an  intel- 
ligent understanding  of  the  issues  and  conditions  involved. 


POSSIBILITY  OF  STRIKE 
New  York  Herald 

Chicago,  Saturday. — Admissions  were 
made  on  both  sides  to-night  that  the  con- 
troversy between  30,000  firemen  operating 
on  150,000  miles  of  railroads  West,  North- 
west and  Southwest  of  Chicago,  and  the 
railroad  managers,  had  become  critical  and 
that  the  question  of  a  strike,  tying  up 
practically  all  systems  between  here  and 
the  Pacific  coast,  would  be  settled  within 
forty-eight  hours. 

W.  S.  Carter,  president  of  the  Brother- 


hood of  Locomotive  Firemen  and  Engine- 
men,  on  behalf  of  the  firemen  to-day  sent 
to  the  General  Managers'  Committee  of 
the  railroads  a  request  for  a  clear  statement 
of  the  employers'  position.  The  brother- 
hood asked  for  information  on  three  points 
in  their  demands:  Increased  wage  scale, 
which  the  railroads  say  would  amount  to 
an  increase  of  22^^  per  cent,  but  which  the 
firemen  say  would  equal  only  12%  per  cent; 
the  right  of  the  union  to  represent  the  fire- 
man after  he  has  been  promoted  either  to 
an  engineman  or  to  any  other  capacitj'; 
the  right  of  the  union  to  have  authority  in 


LABOR  TROUBLES   AND   STRIKES 


187 


questions  of  seniority  or  the  promotion  of 
old  time  employes. 

In  previous  negotiations  the  Brother- 
hood said  that  they  were  willing  to  submit 
the  wage  question  to  arbitration  under  the 
Erdman  act,  provided  the  other  two  points 
were  settled  without  the  aid  of  a  third 
party. 

It  was  announced  by  the  general  man- 
agers' committee  to-night  that  an  answer 
was  directed  sent  to  Mr.  Carter,  denying 
this  request  and  leaving  it  to  the  union, 
despite  their  "strike  vote,"  to  take  what 
future  course  they  think  best.  It  is  said 
that  the  recent  vote,  showing  more  than 
eighty  per  cent  of  the  men  to  be  against 
accepting  the  offer  of  the  railroads,  would 
enable  the  national  officials  to  call  a  strike 
at  any  time. 

Negotiations  have  been  on  for  six  weeks. 
About  forty-nine  Western  railroads  are  in- 
volved. If  a  strike  were  called,  it  is  said, 
25,000  other  employes  would  be  thrown  out. 


STRIKE 


New  York  Evening  Post 

If  you  failed  to  find  a  red  auto-cab  on 
the  street  this  morning,  it  was  because  the 
475  drivers  of  the  New  York  Taxicab  Com- 
pany had  gone  out  on  strike  at  five  o'clock. 
At  noon  the  strike  was  still  on,  the  men, 
who  are  members  of  the  Chauffeurs'  Pro- 
tective Association,  not  having  reached  an 
agreement  with  the  company. 

Most  of  the  cabs  are  stored  in  the  big 
Gospel  Tent,  next  to  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  build- 
ing, on  West  Fifty-seventh  Street,  and  if 
the  company  fails  to  get  any  of  them  mov- 
ing by  to-morrow,  there  is  likely  to  be  no 
room  for  the  worshippers  who  attend  the 
evangelistic  services. 

So  sudden  was  the  action  of  the  drivers 
that  the  company  was  totally  unprepared 
to  cope  with  the  situation,  and  hundreds 
of  orders  remained  unfilled.  Many  persons 
were  disappointed  during  the  day.  At  the 
ofiices,  No.  546  Fifth  Avenue,  it  was  said  no 
statement  would  be  made,  for  the  reason 
that  the  company  did  not  know  yet  just 
where  the  trouble  was. 


At  Washington  Hall,  where  the  drivers 
established  their  headquarters,  the  officers 
of  the  association  were  in  session  nearly  all 
morning,  and  out  on  the  street  in  front  of 
the  building  the  members  stood  about  in 
groups,  waiting  for  an  announcement  as  to 
the  success  or  failure  of  their  action.  They 
did  not  hesitate  to  tell  their  grievances, 
either. 

"The  whole  question  sizes  up  about  like 
this,"  said  one  of  the  be-goggled  and  hel- 
meted  chauff'eurs.  "The  company  expects 
the  riding  public  to  keep  us  alive  on  tips. 
But  the  riding  public  is  losing  the  tip  habit, 
if  anybody  should  ask  you,  and  it  has  been 
a  starving  game  for  us. 

"Now,  we  fellows  have  got  to  live,  like 
any  other  workingmen.  Just  because  we 
drive  automobiles  don't  prove  that  we're  all 
millionaires.  We  want  a  fair  wage  and  op- 
portunity to  earn  it.  We  don't  care  how 
many  hours  we  work,  as  long  as  there  is  a 
chance  to  make  the  money. 

"But  we  can't  do  much  under  the  pres- 
ent system.  Here  is  the  way  the  company 
proposes  that  we  will  make  a  living :  We  run 
the  cabs  for  a  week  and  take  20  per  cent, 
of  the  fares.  Out  of  this  we  have  to  pay  for 
all  the  gasolene  we  burn,  the  polish  we  use 
to  keep  the  cabs  bright  and  shiny,  and  two 
or  three  uniforms  a  year. 

"Supposing  a  driver  takes  in  $20  a  week? 
Out  of  that  he  would  get  20  per  cent.,  and 
out  of  that  four  dollars  he  is  expected  to 
pay  for  six  or  seven  gallons  of  gasolene  at 
fifteen  cents  a  gallon,  besides  laying  aside 
a  clothing  allowance  and  buying  his  polish. 
Of  course,  he  is  allowed  to  keep  his  tips, 
but  tips  are  getting  smaller  every  year. 

"Last  week  I  made  just  seven  dollars 
after  all  expenses  had  been  deducted.  I 
owed  the  company  after  the  gasolene 
charges  had  been  paid,  and  my  tip  money 
pulled  me  out  seven  to  the  good." 


BEGINNINGS  OF  STRIKE 

Chicago  Tribune 

Five  hundred  employes  of  wholesale  gro- 
cery houses  yesterday  joined  the  strike 
begun  on  the  preceding  day  by  the  porters 


i88 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


of  Sprague,  Warner  &  Co.  Many  nonunion 
men  joined  with  the  unionists,  and  in  some 
of  the  houses  the  tie-up  practically  was 
complete.  Boys  and  girls  employed  in  the 
canning  departments  of  some  of  the  houses 
caught  the  strike  fever  and  walked  out 
with  the  men,  although  they  are  not  organ- 
ized. Two  of  the  larger  houses,  those  of 
Steele,  Wedeles  &  Co.  and  Reid,  Murdoch 
&  Co.,  escaped  the  strike  yesterday,  but 
their  employes  may  go  out  to-day. 

The  strike  came  as  a  sort  of  April  fool 
joke  on  the  merchants.  They  had  offered  to 
arbitrate  the  differences  with  the  union, 
and  did  not  believe  that  the  men  would 
obey  a  strike  order.  There  has  been  no 
trouble  in  the  industry  for  the  last  six  years, 
and  the  merchants  were  inclined  to  believe 
that  the  entire  controversy  would  be  ad- 
justed at  a  conference  held  yesterday  morn- 
ing. They  found  the  union  representatives 
firm  in  their  demands  for  a  fifty -foitr-hour 
week  all  the  year. 

The  merchants  offered  to  grant  a  Satur- 
day half-holiday  for  eight  months,  but  in- 
sisted that  while  the  fall  rush  was  on  in 
September,  October,  November  and  De- 
cember the  men  would  have  to  work  full 
time.  This  was  met  by  a  proposition  that 
they  be  paid  time  and  one-half  for  the 
overtime  on  Saturday  afternoons,  but  the 
merchants  declared  that  would  be  an  in- 
crease in  wages  which  trade  conditions  did 
not  warrant. 

Immediately  after  the  negotiations  were 
broken  off  the  union  oflBcials  hurried  from 
one  house  to  another  and  called  out  the 
men  in  most  of  the  houses.  A  few  of  the 
older  employes  stuck  to  their  posts,  but 
the  number  was  so  small  that  they  could 
not  handle  the  business.  Among  the  larger 
houses  where  the  men  went  out  are: 

FRANKLIN   MACVEAGH   &  CO. 

SPRAGUE,   WARNER   &   CO. 

W.   M.   HOYT   COMPANY. 

JOHN   A.   TOLMAN   &   CO. 

HENRY  HORNER   &,  CO. 

W.   J.   QUAN   &  CO. 

S.   PETERSON   &  CO. 

"We  have  a  few  men  left  at  work,"  said 
RoUin  A.  Keyes  of  Franklin  MacVeagh  & 
Co.,  "but  I  would  not  like  to  bet  that  we 


will  have  them  to-morrow  morning.  They 
seem  to  have  caught  the  strike  fever,  al- 
though I  think  our  position  is  eminently 
fair.  We  made  them  as  good  a  proposition 
as  we  believed  the  business  would  stand, 
and  when  that  was  not  acceptable  to  them 
we  offered  to  submit  the  entire  matter  of 
wages  and  hours  to  arbitration.  They  told 
us  they  had  tried  arbitration  once  and  did 
not  want  any  more  of  it.  I  cannot  say  how 
long  the  strike  will  last  or  how  extensive  it 
may  be,  but  so  far  as  this  firm  is  concerned, 
we  are  always  ready  to  meet  our  employes. 
I  don't  see,  however,  that  a  conference  will 
do  any  good  at  this  time,  as  the  strike  will 
have  to  run  its  course." 

Alex  Gilchrist,  business  agent  of  the 
Wholesale  Grocery  Employes'  Union,  de- 
clared that  the  demands  of  the  men  were 
conservative  and  that  the  offer  to  arbitrate 
was  made  too  late  in  the  negotiations  to  be 
taken  up. 

"The  merchants  have  had  our  demands 
before  them  for  a  month,"  said  Mr.  Gil- 
christ, "and  they  offered  us  nothing  until 
the  last  moment,  when  they  knew  we  would 
strike.  They  are  trying  to  break  up  our  or- 
ganization, and  the  men  think  that  they 
might  as  well  fight  it  out  now.  If  the  trade 
is  so  heavy  during  the  fall  months  that  they 
cannot  grant  us  a  half-holiday  it  is  all  the 
more  reason  why  they  should  pay  us  over- 
time for  Saturday  afternoons  during  those 
months.  Our  men  believe  that  they  cannot 
get  anything  without  fighting  for  it,  and 
that  is  what  we  have  decided  to  do." 

The  Freight  Handlers'  Council  will  meet 
to-night  and  take  up  the  strike  of  the  gro- 
cery employes.  A  sympathetic  strike  in 
some  of  the  railroad  freighthouses  is  said 
to  be  probable  unless  the  difficulty  in  the 
grocery  houses  is  settled  soon. 


SERIOUS    CLASH    IN    BIG    STRIKE 

Chicago  Tribune 

Trinidad,  Colo.,  April  21. — [Special.] — 
Twenty-five  dead,  more  than  two-thirds  of 
them  women  and  children,  a  score  missing, 
and  more  than  a  score  wounded,  is  the  toll 
known  tonight  to  have  resulted  from  the 


LABOR  TROUBLES   AND   STRIKES 


189 


fourteen  hour  battle  which  raged  yesterday 
between  state  troops  and  striking  coal  min- 
ers in  the  Ludlow  district.  The  battle  oc- 
curred on  the  property  of  the  Colorado  Fuel 
and  Iron  company,  the  Rockefeller  hold- 
ings. 

Today  both  sides  maintained  an  ominous 
quiet,  but  it  is  feared  the  battle  will  be  re- 
sumed tomorrow  with  greater  bloodshed 
than  that  which  has  occurred. 

The  militia,  which  yesterday  drove  the 
strikers  from  their  tent  colony  and,  it  is 
charged,  set  fire  to  the  tents,  involving 
thereby  the  greatest  loss  of  lives,  are  pre- 
paring for  a  machine  gun  sortie  at  daybreak 
from  their  position  along  the  Colorado  aild 
Southern  railroad  tracks  at  either  side  of 
the  Ludlow  station. 

On  the  surrounding  hills,  sheltered  by 
rocks  and  bowlders,  400  strikers  await  the 
coming  of  the  soldiers,  while  their  ranks  are 
being  swelled  by  men  who  tramped  over- 
land in  the  dark,  carrying  guns  and  ammu- 
nition from  the  neighboring  union  camps. 

Italian,  Greek,  and  Austrian  miners  have 
appealed  to  their  consular  representatives 
for  protection,  and  John  McLennan,  presi- 
dent of  the  local  union  district,  today  wired 
the  Red  Cross  in  Denver  to  be  prepared  to 
render  aid. 

Both  strikers  and  militia  have  a  plentiful 
supply  of  ammunition  on  hand.  Five  thou- 
sand rounds  were  taken  to  the  troops  at 
Ludlow  on  a  Colorado  and  Southern  train 
from  Denver  early  this  morning,  and  this 
supply  was  supplemented  by  a  shipment 
from  Trinidad  this  noon. 

The  strikers  by  the  seizure  of  an  engine 
in  the  Denver  and  Rio  Grande  yards  at 
Elmoro  early  yesterday  Were  also  able  to 
replenish  their  stock. 

The  militia  mmiber  200.  Detachments 
from  Walsenburg  and  Lamar  got  through 
the  lines  early  yesterday. 

The  fighting  began  early  yesterday,  when 
a  militia  detachment  under  Lieut.  Linder- 
felt  started  to  investigate  the  cause  of  firing 
near  Cedar  Hill.  As  the  day  progressed, 
word  of  the  clash  reached  officials,  and  a 
relief  expedition  consisting  of  fifty  members 
of  the  newly  organized  Trinidad  militia 
company  were  sent  to  the  scene  on  a  special 


train.  The  militia  went  south  of  Ludlow 
and  came  upon  the  strikers  barricaded  in 
the  pumping  station. 

Maj.  P.  J.  Hamrock,  in  a  statement  this 
morning,  declared  that  the  main  battle  was 
precipitated  about  dusk  by  a  crowd  of 
Greek  strikers  under  Louis  Tikas,  who 
opened  fire  upon  a  detachment  of  his  men 
while  they  were  drilling  near  the  military 
camp,  and  in  sight  of  the  tent  colony. 

The  strikers  retreated  along  a  gully  back 
of  the  tent  colony,  followed  by  the  militia, 
who  swept  the  valley  with  machine  guns. 

The  fire  of  the  troops  set  many  of  the 
tents  on  fire.  While  the  flames  were  spread- 
ing several  thousand  rounds  of  ammuni- 
tion stored  in  the  tent  of  John  Lawson, 
Colorado  member  of  the  national  executive 
board,  United  Mine  Workers,  accorchng  to 
the  military  reports,  was  exploded. 

Terrified  by  the  rain  of  bullets  which 
poured  through  the  blazing  canvases  above 
their  heads,  the  women  and  children,  ap- 
parently more  afraid  of  the  lead  than  of  the 
flames,  remained  huddled  in  their  pits  until 
the  smoke  carried  death  to  them  by  suffo- 
cation. 

When  it  appeared  that  no  more  men  re- 
mained in  the  colony  the  militia  ceased  its 
fire  and  went  to  the  work  of  rescue.  Women 
ran  from  the  burning  tents,  some  with  their 
clothing  afire,  carrying  their  babes  in  their 
arms.  Many  were  forced  to  abandon  their 
older  children  to  their  fate. 

Trembling,  hysterical,  some  apparently 
dazed,  the  women  were  escorted  by  the 
troops  to  the  Ludlow  station,  where  they 
were  held  until  this  morning,  when  a  Colo- 
rado Southern  train  brought  them  into 
Trinidad. 

The  camp  was  abandoned  to  its  fate  fol- 
lowing the  departure  of  the  women,  and 
the  strikers  retreated  to  the  arroyos  back  of 
the  colony  and  to  the  surrounding  hills. 

This  morning  the  camp  was  a  mass  of 
charred  debris.  In  the  holes  which  had 
been  dug  for  their  protection  against  the 
rifle  fire  the  women  and  children  died  like 
trapped  rats  when  the  flames  swept  over 
them.  One  pit,  uncovered  this  afternoon, 
disclosed  the  bodies  of  ten  children  and  two 


igo 


TYPES   OF  NEWS   WRITING 


ONE  DAY  OF  BIG  STRIKE 
New  York  Times 

(Condensed) 

LAWRENCE,  Mass.,  Sept.  30.— For  the 
first  time  in  this  country  a  ''  demonstration 
strike"  against  the  imprisonment  of  labor 
leaders  took  place  here  to-day.  After  hand- 
to-hand  fights  between  rioters  and  police, 
from  the  opening  of  the  textile  mill  gates 
in  the  morning  until  the  closing  at  night, 
the  demonstration  was  called  off  by  the 
Industrial  Workers  of  the  World. 

The  strike  was  called  for  twenty-four 
hours,  beginning  this  morning,  in  protest 
against  the  imprisonment  of  Joseph  J. 
Ettor,  Arturo  Giovanitti,  and  Joseph 
Caruso,  whose  trial  in  connection  with  the 
death  of  Anna  Lopizzo  opened  in  Salem 
to-day.  Seven  thousand  of  the  30,000 
operatives  in  the  cotton  and  woolen  mills 
here  obeyed  the  call,  forcing  out  5,000 
others,  either  tlirough  intimidation  or  lack 
of  work  because  of  closing  down  of  depart- 
ments. Then,  at  a  mass  meeting  late  this 
afternoon,  the  workers  were  told  to  go 
back  to-morrow  morning,  ready  to  come 
out  again  at  the  call  of  the  Industrial 
Workers,  if  the  leaders  should  not  be  satis- 
fied with  the  progress  of  the  trial  at  Salem. 

The  worst  of  the  rioting  occurred  at  the 
opening  of  the  mill  gates  this  morning. 
Pickets  armed  with  revolvers,  knives,  sledge 
hammers,  iron  bolts  and  other  weapons, 
attempted  to  stop  operatives  from  going 
into  the  mills.  When  the  police  tried  to 
maintain  order,  the  pickets  struggled  with 
them  desperately.  Swinging  their  clubs 
with  effect,  the  blue-coats  drove  back  the 
rioters.  A  score  of  arrests  were  made, 
many  of  the  prisoners  having  cracked  heads, 
while  there  were  many  others  who  escaped 
through  the  crowds  to  their  homes  with 
bleeding  heads  and  bruised  faces. 

Men,  women  and  children  on  their  way 
to  work  were  held  up  and  assaulted  by 
strikers  or  sympathizers. 

The  morning's  trouble  began  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Essex  and  Mill  Streets.  A  fireman 
was  escorting  his  young  daughter  to  her 
work  in  one  of  the  mills  when  he  was 


attacked  by  a  crowd  of  pickets.  The  fire- 
man put  up  a  hard  but  successful  fight  to 
protect  his  daughter  from  interference. 
After  seeing  the  young  woman  safely  within 
the  mill  gates,  he  returned  to  the  crowd  of 
pickets.  Here  he  pointed  out  a  man,  who, 
he  said,  had  struck  his  daughter.  The 
alleged  assailant  was  arrested. 

A  short  time  before  the  hour  for  opening 
the  mills  a  stream  of  operatives  began  to 
pour  down  Essex  Street  and  through  the 
side  streets  leading  to  the  factories.  Pick- 
ets intercepted  the  workers  and  attempted 
to  prevent  them  from  entering  the  mill 
gates.  Lunch  baskets  were  snatched  and 
hurled  into  the  faces  of  the  women  and 
children.  One  gray  haired  woman  was  res- 
cued, with  two  companions,  from  a  group 
of  pickets  who  had  bruised  her  face. 

Fathers  and  brothers,  some  of  them 
armed,  escorted  daughters  and  sisters  to 
the  mills.  One  boy  was  struck  over  the 
head  with  a  bottle  and  rendered  imcon- 
scious. 

Cars  bearing  workers  were  intercepted 
by  pickets  and  stalled  for  a  time.  One 
motorman  had  to  fight  with  the  crowd  for 
possession  of  his  controller. 

Private  automobiles  were  used  as  patrol 
wagons  by  the  police.  Timid  women  oper- 
atives were  taken  in  charge  by  the  police 
and  conveyed  by  automobiles  to  their 
mills. 

Leaders  of  the  Industrial  Workers  of 
the  World  said  that  the  organization  could 
not  be  held  responsible  for  the  disturbances. 
Miss  Elizabeth  Gurley  Flynn  in  a  state- 
ment said:  "I,  personally,  and  other  lead- 
ers have  constantly  cautioned  workers 
against  any  violence,  particularly  in  the 
present  strike,  which  is  one  of  demonstra- 
tion rather  than  of  grievances.  The  trouble 
this  morning  was  caused  by  some  excitable 
3'oungsters,  whose  actions  can  hardly  be 
controlled  by  any  one." 

Against  this  statement  must  be  weighed 
the  language  of  one  of  the  addresses  in 
Italian  that  aroused  the  crowd  at  the  after- 
noon mass  meeting.  It  was  translated  into 
English  and  given  out  to-night  in  the  form 
of  a  statement  by  the  speaker.  Carlo  Tresca, 
an  editor  of  Pittsburgh.  It  said: 


LABOR  TROUBLES   AND   STRIKES 


191 


"If  Ettor,  Giovanitti,  and  Caruso  are 
found  guilty,  or  either  of  them  is  found 
guilty,  the  Industrial  Workers  of  the 
World  will  march  to  Salem,  storm  the  jail, 
and  rescue  the  prisoners,  if  possible." 

Only  one  hospital  case  was  reported,  that 
of  an  operative  who  was  thrown  headlong 
from  a  street  car  and  knocked  unconscious. 
He  was  later  discharged.  No  policeman 
was  wounded,  and  no  shots  were  fired. 

The  decision  of  the  Industrial  Workers' 
leaders  to  call  off  the  strike  was  made  pub- 


lic at  a  mass  meeting  attended  by  5,000 
persons  in  a  vacant  lot  this  afternoon. 
There  was  no  dissent,  although  many  of 
the  operatives  said  they  had  expected  the 
strike  to  last  much  longer.  No  vote  waa 
taken  at  the  meeting  on  the  matter  of  for- 
mally ending  the  strike.  Archie  Adamson, 
who  presided,  said  afterward  that  the  usual 
vote  was  dispensed  with  because  it  was 
feared  some  of  the  hotter  heads  among  the 
strikers  might  insist  upon  remaining  out, 
and  thus  create  disturbances. 


CHAPTER  XII 


WEATHER 


The  universal  interest  in  the  weather,  which  makes  it  the  most  common 
topic  of  conversation,  is  due  to  its  effect  upon  health,  business,  and  pleasure. 
Official  forecasts  of  the  weather  are  given  a  place  of  prominence  on  the 
front  page  of  most  papers,  and  are  read  with  interest  by  most  readers.  The 
business  man,  the  farmer,  the  shopper,  the  pleasure-seeker,  all  are  concerned 
with  the  state  of  the  weather  and  the  predictions  regarding  it.  Besides  the 
official  reports,  there  is  opportunity  for  weather  stories  of  various  kinds. 
The  change  of  the  seasons,  extremes  of  heat  and  cold,  storms,  and  unusual 
weather  of  any  sort  serve  as  subjects  for  weather  stories.  Two  stories  of  an 
eclipse  of  the  sun  have  been  included  in  this  division,  although,  of  course, 
such  phenomena  should  be  classed  as  astronomical  rather  than  meteoro- 
logical. 

Although  the  purely  informative  type  of  story  is  the  usual  one  for 
weather,  the  subject  may  be  treated  in  a  lighter  vein.  There  is  often  a  chance 
for  life  and  color  whether  the  treatment  be  informative  or  more  or  less 
humorous. 


FIRST  WINTER  WEATHER 

Boston  Transcript 

Start  up  the  furnace  fire  and  begin  the 
inroads  on  that  well-stocked  coal  bin  (if  it 
is  well  stocked),  for  winter  has  come.  The 
Old  Man  of  the  North  put  in  appearance 
this  morning,  long  enough  to  register  offi- 
cially at  the  Weather  Bureau  with  a  few 
flakes  of  snow.  There  was  a  welcome  rain- 
storm during  the  night,  and  the  snowflakes 
were  just  a  tail-end  contribution  from  the 
storm,  a  few  raindrops  turned  into  frozen 
particles  when  struck  with  the  chill  wind 
that  blew  in  from  the  northwest. 

The  forecast  says:  "Fair,  continued  cold 
tonight  and  Wednesday;  freezing  tonight." 
The  forecaster's  official  verdict  will  be  be- 
lieved readily  enough  by  all  those  who  have 


been  out  during  the  day.  When  the  tem- 
perature reading  is  only  41°  in  the  middle 
of  the  day,  as  was  the  case  today,  it  is  a 
sure  enough  sign  that  winter  is  approach- 
ing, especially  when  a  strong  northwest 
wind  is  doing  its  best  to  find  all  the  cracks 
and  crevices  in  the  buildings  of  the  com- 
munity, so  that  it  will  know  where  to  locate 
them  later  in  the  year  without  wasting  time 
in  the  search. 

It  was  colder  at  eleven  o'clock  this  morn- 
ing, by  thirteen  degrees,  than  it  was  at 
midnight,  while  the  lowest  temperature 
reading  of  the  morning  was  between  eight 
and  nine  o'clock,  39.  That  is  not  the  lowest 
of  the  season,  however,  for  nearly  a  month 
ago,  Sept.  29  to  be  exact,  there  was  a  read- 
ing of  34°.  Forecaster  Smith  thinks  that 
mark  will  be  passed  tonight;  in  fact,  he 


WEATHER 


193 


would  not  be  at  all  surprised  if  the  min- 
imum  between  now  and  tomorrow  morning 
were  around  28  to  30°.  After  tomorrow 
there  will  be  a  shift  back  to  weather  warmer 
than  normal,  or  at  least  it  looks  so  now. 

Today's  brand  of  weather  is  much  nearer 
the  normal  than  what  the  month  of  Octo- 
ber has  previously  brought  forth.  Up  to 
today  there  has  been  an  accumulated  ex- 
cess of  156  degrees  in  heat,  or  an  average 
of  about  six  degrees  a  day. 


SNOW  STORM 

Springfield  Republican 

Boisterous  storms  which  broke  over  the 
whole  eastern  and  southern  quarters  of 
the  United  States  yesterday  prepared  the 
first  "white  Easter"  this  land  has  experi- 
enced in  years.  The  snowy  tumult  swept 
in  across  the  Atlantic  from  the  south  and 
east  late  Friday  night  and  all  day  yester- 
day, bringing  a  considerable  quantity  of 
wet  ocean  with  it,  which  was  distributed 
high  above  tide  levels  along  the  whole  sea 
coast  from  Maine  to  Florida,  drowning 
out  business  in  some  cities  and  driving 
street  car  and  automobile  patrons  to  boats. 
Coastal  shipping  was  paralyzed,  rail  traffic 
in  many  salt  water  districts  was  halted  and 
wire  lines  were  prostrated  throughout  the 
southern  coast  states.  Louisiana  and  Texas 
saw  the  first  scums  of  ice  that  have  ever 
been  frozen  in  those  states  in  April.  Hardy 
New  England  refused  to  be  daunted  by  the 
large  rough  patches  of  "weather"  flung 
down  here.  Rails  and  wires  stood  up  well 
under  the  strain  of  blustery  winds  and  snow 
ranging  in  depth  from  six  inches  to  more 
than  a  foot.    But  the  storm  was  no  fun. 

All  Western  Massachusetts  and  Con- 
necticut gasped  and  floundered  yesterday 
afternoon  and  last  night.  The  wind  and 
flurries  of  snow  presaging  trouble  were  here 
before  noon,  but  the  real  snowfall  did  not 
start  until  about  1  o'clock.  Then  a  contin- 
uous fall  with  swirling  gusts  whisked 
through  city  streets  and  over  country  hills, 
drifting  always  where  drifts  were  not  desir- 
able. Around  Springfield  the  snow  was 
about  eight  inches  deep  on  the  level  and 


heavy  drifts  formed  all  over  town.  The 
railroads  out  of  this  city  managed  to  keep 
within  haK  an  hour  of  schedule  time,  how- 
ever. 

The  snow  was  hardly  soggy  enough  to 
put  a  serious  crimp  into  traffic,  and  trains 
contrived  to  do  their  own  drift-bucking, 
though  the  old  reliable  snowplows  stood 
ready  in  the  j-ards  with  dabs  of  axle  grease 
on  their  snouts  ready  for  quick  calls  to 
battle.  Trolly  lines  about  the  city  were 
open  all  afternoon  and  night,  thanks  to 
eight  plows  and  a  couple  of  Sanders,  with 
cars  running  as  near  schedule  as  possible. 
The  Feeding  Hills  line  was  tied  up  two 
hours  early  in  the  evening  when  snow- 
choked  switches  refused  to  slide,  and  two 
cars  were  bounced  off  on  the  ground. 

All  over  town  the  going  was  treacherous 
enough  to  send  many  a  smoothshod  pedes- 
trian to  sudden  and  sometimes  ignomini- 
ous downfall.  On  one  Main-street  corner 
a  perfectly  respectable  old  gentleman  went 
the  "zip-bang!"  route,  as  the  sporting 
writers  would  have  it,  and  startled  passers- 
by  with  dark  blue  language  when  he  spied 
his  shiny  Easter  hat  whiff  hastily  across  the 
street  and  cave  in  against  an  adamant 
store  front.  On  a  busy  corner  at  the  even- 
ing rush  hour,  a  swarthy,  well-dressed 
young  man  went  to  the  pavement  all  sprad- 
dled out,  and  tripped  a  woman  with  a  pot- 
ted lily  in  her  arms.  The  lily  pot  collapsed 
with  the  well-known  dull  thud.  The  woman 
was  outraged  when  the  young  man  hopped 
up,  looked  frightened  and  dived  into  a 
nearby  lunch-room,  without  a  word.  The 
manager  of  the  lunch-room,  who  has  to  be 
an  interpreter  in  order  to  hold  his  job, 
said  that  the  swarthy,  who  was  his  assistant 
chef,  had  not  tarried  to  apologize  because 
he  didn't  know  how  to  do  it  in  English. 

When  the  snow  began  to  fall  in  the  after- 
noon, the  street  department  made  a  few 
desultory  attempts  with  sweepers  to  keep 
it  confined  to  the  gutters,  but  the  storm 
became  too  persistent  for  that.  Drifts 
filled  the  crossings  in  spite  of  gangs  of  shov- 
elers  and  traffic  of  all  sorts  was  enfeebled 
though  not  halted.  Traffic  officers  and 
drivers  were  blinded  by  the  fine  flurries  at 
times  and  the  police  consider  the  day  a 


194 


TYPES   OF   NEWS  WRITING 


lucky  one  because  only  one  slight  crash 
occurred.  Harry  Edwards,  driving  N.  L. 
B^Ton's  undertaking  car,  failed  to  see  the 
warning  palm  of  the  officer  at  the  comer 
of  Main  and  State  streets  soon  enough,  and 
with  wheels  locked  his  machine  skidded 
into  a  broadside  collision  with  a  Fiberloid 
company's  truck.  The  Byron  car  came  off 
with  a  crushed  fender  and  a  few  scratches. 

Easter  week  business  in  hats  and  Sunday 
trumpery  was  badly  handicapped.  The 
storm  yesterday  did  all  the  crimping  left 
undone  by  the  trolly  strike,  which  kept 
folks  at  home  Wednesday  and  Thursday; 
so  that  practically  all  of  the  downtown 
store  owners  admitted  last  night  that  their 
week's  business  was  ruined.  The  Forbes 
&  Wallace,  the  Steiger,  the  Kinsman- 
Campbell  and  a  few  other  of  the  larger 
store  managements  were  irked  at  the  sight 
of  their  sales  staffs  standing  around  idle 
last  night,  and  closed  a  half-hour  early. 
The  flower  stores,  too,  were  badly  hit  by 
the  storm,  some  of  them  having  perishable 
stocks  left  on  their  hands  last  night,  which 
will  have  to  spoil  for  want  of  a  market. 

The  weather  conditions  yesterday  caused 
a  big  rush  of  business  for  the  telephone 
company,  extra  girls  being  called  in  and 
kept  going  at  top  speed  all  day.  During 
the  rush  hours  the  service  was  especially 
heavy,  being  about  double  that  of  an 
ordinary  day,  and  the  exchange  boards 
were  a  blaze  of  lights.  In  spite  of  the  de- 
mand the  company  responded  well,  giving 
fine  service.  Ordinarily  about  110,000 
local  calls  are  handled  each  day,  but  the 
number  went  far  in  excess  of  that  figure 
yesterday.  But  in  spite  of  all  there  were 
large  feelings  of  thankfulness  in  many 
bosoms  yesterday  when  the  street  cars 
were  observed  going  about  their  regular 
business.  Had  the  troUymen's  strike  not 
been  called  off  Thursday  evening,  the  city 
would  have  been  utterly  paralyzed.  The 
strike  occurred  on  two  days  when  the 
weather  was  fine.  Apparently  the  gods  did 
a  little  charitable  figuring  before  the  week's 
program  was  arranged. 

However  much  people  may  have  been 
surprised  by  April  snow,  yesterday's  fall 
was  not  unprecedented.    Springfield  has 


been  almost  snowed  under  several  times 
during  the  month  of  April,  light  falls  hav- 
ing been  seen  here  frequently.  A  few  of  the 
heaviest  snows  recorded  were  as  follows: — 

April  19,  1821,  two  feet. 

April  6,  1852,  tremendous  storm.  Snow  a 
foot  deep  on  the  level. 

April  17,  1854,  heavy  storm,  with  two-foot 
drifts  and  good  sleighing. 

April  3,  1861,  deep  drifts,  traffic  suspended. 

April  2,  1862,  over  a  foot  of  snow. 

April  7,  1868,  seven  inches  of  snow. 

April  1,  1872,  a  six-inch  fall. 

April  25  and  26,  1874,  severe  storm  with 
18-inches  of  snow. 

April  5,  1876,  heaviest  snowstorm  of  the 
winter,  two  feet  on  the  level. 

April  8  and  9,  1907,  about  seven  inches  on 
the  level. 


FIRST  DAYS  OF  SPRING 
New  York  Herald 

Central  Park  was  filled  yesterday  with 
throngs  of  visitors  out  to  enjoy  the  balmy 
air  of  a  spring  day.  Automobiles,  victorias 
and  other  smart  equipages  passed  in  con- 
tinuous procession  along  the  drives.  Fifth 
avenue  stages  unloaded  hundreds  who 
streamed  through  the  park  and  joined  the 
throng  already  there.  The  new  life  of 
springtime  was  manifest  on  every  side. 

In  mid-afternoon,  imder  the  warming  in- 
fluence of  the  sun,  couples  seated  on  the 
benches  began  boldly  to  hold  hands.  The 
Mall  was  peopled  by  thousands  who 
walked  or  travelled  on  cars  from  all  parts 
of  the  city.  There  were  long  rows  of  family 
parties.  At  every  avenue  of  approach  were 
venders  of  balloons  and  whirligigs  display- 
ing their  wares  to  children. 

The  space  on  the  walks  not  covered  by 
pedestrians  was  taken  up  by  perambulators 
and  go-carts.  Even  the  squirrels  seemed  to 
be  surprised  by  the  outpouring  of  visitors 
and  the  increase  in  the  peanut  supply. 

Boats  splashed  in  the  lakes  and  streams 
bearing  happy  couples  and  shouting,  happy 
faced  youngsters.  Along  the  railings  over- 
looking the  bridle  paths  stood  thousands 
watching  the  smartly  dressed  equestrians 
gallop  by. 


WEATHER 


195 


The  menagerie  was  the  magnet  that  drew 
and  held  the  largest  crowds;  fully  fifty 
thousand  viewed  the  animals.  For  the 
first  time  many  of  them  saw  the  new  mem- 
bers of  the  zoological  family  that  arrived 
during  the  winter.  James  Conway,  the 
veteran  shepherd  of  the  park  flocks,  had 
twenty  brand  new  lambs  to  show,  and  it 
was  with  a  great  sense  of  pride  that  he  dis- 
played them  upon  the  hillside.  In  addition 
to  a  new  staff  he  had  at  his  side  the  beauti- 
ful collie  Jack,  recently  presented  to  him 
by  Mr.  J.  Pierpont  Morgan. 

Warmed  by  a  soft  breeze  from  the  south. 
Coney  Island  had  a  spring  festival.  Fifty 
thousand  persons,  responding  to  the  invi- 
tation of  the  vernal  equinox,  spent  the 
afternoon  at  the  resort  by  the  sea.  The 
Brooklyn  Rapid  Transit  Company  had  to 
put  on  extra  trains.  Automobiles  were 
out  in  great  number. 

Coney  Island  has  awakened  from  its 
winter  sleep  earlier  than  usual  this  season. 
The  roller  coaster  railways  and  many 
merry-go-rounds  already  open  were  aug- 
mented yesterday  by  the  opening  of  the 
"loop  the  loop."  The  horse  race  feature  of 
Steeplechase  Park  will  open  next  Sunday, 
and  the  whole  park  will  begin  its  season  on 
the  following  Sunday. 

Dreamland  Park  will  open  on  May  14. 
Work  of  getting  the  park  in  shape  will  begin 
this  week.  Luna  Park  will  open,  as  usual, 
about  the  first  week  of  May.  It  was  re- 
ported yesterday  that  a  well  known  Man- 
hattan restaurateur  will  open  an  establish- 
ment next  month  adjoining  the  New 
Brighton  Theatre. 

Isaac  Stein,  a  merchant  in  Surf  avenue. 
Coney  Island,  asserts  that  he  is  the  first 
man  to  don  a  straw  hat  for  the  1910  season. 
He  put  one  on  yesterday  and  sat  for  two 
hours  on  his  porch. 


COLD  SUMMER  WEATHER 

New  York  Evening  Post 

June  has  carried  off  the  year's  honors  in 
weather  record-breaking,  with  the  cold 
winds  of  last  night  and  to-day.  At  six 
o'clock  this  morning  the  Weather  Bureau's 


thermometer  registered  48  degrees.  Since 
1871,  when  the  tabulations  of  the  Weather 
Bureau  began,  no  such  temperature  has 
been  noted  after  June  9.  There  have  been 
one  or  two  days  of  chilher  weather  in  past 
Junes,  with  45  degrees  as  the  record  for 
low  temperature,  but  none  of  these  have 
come  so  late  in  the  month. 

New  Yorkers  who  woke  up  in  the  cold 
June  dawn  and  went  groping  into  bottoms 
of  trunks  for  the  blankets  of  January  may 
take  some  malicious  pleasure  in  the  fact 
that  it  was  colder  in  some  places  in  the 
State.  The  most  uncomfortable  commun- 
ity in  New  York  appears  to  have  been 
Camden,  in  the  north,  near  the  St.  Law- 
rence, where  the  mercury  slid  down  to  36 
degrees.  Rochester  was  in  little  better  con- 
dition, with  a  frigid  summer  morning's  air 
at  40  degrees,  and  Syracuse  shivered  over 
its  cereal  and  cream  in  a  hardly  more  cheer- 
ful atmosphere  at  42  degrees.  A  prevaihng, 
if  not  popular,  temperature  in  many  places 
was  44  degrees,  which  chilled  Albany, 
Binghamton,  Buffalo,  and  Scranton,  Pa. 
Over  the  line  in  Vermont,  Northfield  was 
delighting  in  a  temperature  of  40  degrees. 

The  explanation  of  all  these  rare  days 
in  June  for  those  who  are  not  content  with 
knowing  that  it  is  too  cold  for  comfort  at 
this  time  of  year,  is  that  there  has  been 
an  area  of  high  barometric  pressure  hover- 
ing around  the  Canadian  Northwest  re- 
cently, and  that  it  has  been  moving  east- 
ward and  down  over  a  part  of  the  United 
States  on  its  way  out  to  sea.  Ever3rwhere 
it  has  been  accompanied  by  drops  in  tem- 
perature of  from  14  to  20  degrees,  so  that 
New  York  is  no  worse  off  than  any  other 
State.  Yesterday  this  area  was  over  north- 
ern Minnesota,  and  last  night  it  was  over 
Lake  Huron.  It  is  still  with  us  in  New 
York,  and  is  likely  to  be  with  us  to-night, 
the  weather  experts  say,  so  that  housewives 
may  as  well  keep  their  blankets  on  the 
beds,  now  that  they  are  out.  Just  how  far 
the  thermometer  may  drop  to-night  cannot 
be  predicted.  The  weather  man  thinks 
there  may  be  frost  in  the  country  districts 
to-night. 

A  serious  side  to  the  prospect  of  frost  is 
the  danger  of  damage  to  fruit  trees  and 


196 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


gardens.  Last  night,  fortunately,  frosts 
were  prevented  by  the  rain  which  fell  early 
in  the  night  and  which  left  the  trees  and 
crops  safe  as  the  sky  cleared  later.  To- 
night, however,  different  conditions  are  to 
be  faced  and  farmers  will  have  to  protect 
their  produce  as  far  as  they  can.  There 
were  damaging  frosts  on  one  or  two  of  the 
cold  nights  of  last  week. 

So  far  there  has  been  an  interesting 
weather  contest  between  months  this  year. 
May  furnished  the  hottest  weather  on  its 
26th  and  27th  that  had  been  recorded  for 
that  month  in  34  years,  with  temperatures 
of  89  and  91  degrees.  June  has  outclassed 
May  and  made  it  impossible  for  any  other 
month  to  better  her  record,  by  outdoing  all 
known  feats.  With  to-morrow,  June  21, 
the  summer  solstice  and  the  longest  day 
of  the  year,  the  official  beginning  of  the 
supposedly  hot  season  is  expected  to  usher 
in  a  period  of  normally  settled  weather. 


HIGH  WIND 

New  York  Times 

Wind,  which  seemed  never  to  be  of  re- 
markable velocity,  but  which  blew  in  gusts 
that  whipped  a  fine  rain  into  stinging  parti- 
cles, blinding  to  pedestrians  and  to  drivers 
of  vehicles,  caused  the  death  of  two  men 
yesterday  and  injury  to  many  others,  and 
did  damage  to  property  in  Manhattan 
and  BrookljTi  that  threatened  many  other 
lives.  One  of  the  victims  of  the  storm  was 
run  down  by  an  automobile;  the  other  was 
blown  into  the  bay  and  drowned. 

A  derrick  was  blown  from  a  six-story 
building  and  fell  into  the  roof  of  a  moving- 
picture  house  adjoining,  four  stories  below. 
In  Brooklyn,  the  front  wall,  100  feet  long, 
of  a  grain  elevator  crashed  into  the  street, 
and  the  spire  of  St.  Paul's  Roman  Catholic 
Church  was  partly  blown  to  pieces. 

It  was  in  Columbia  Street,  between 
Pacific  and  Amity  Streets,  BrookljTi,  that 
the  greatest  damage  was  done.  There  are 
the  buildings  of  the  Dow  Stores  and  Grain 
Elevator  Company.  One  of  the  buildings, 
more  than  80  feet  in  height,  runs  for  100 
feet  along  Columbia  Street.    Its  front  wall 


was  of  brick,  windowless  and  blank  above 
the  street  floor.  Behind  it  ran  wooden  bins, 
in  which  grain  was  stored,  and  between  it 
and  the  bins  were  no  cross-beams  or  sup- 
ports.  It  was  this  that  fell. 

Tons  of  brick  crashed  into  the  street  just 
after  8  o'clock,  carrying  down  the  trolley 
poles  and  lines  of  the  crosstown  line  of  sur- 
face cars  and  smashing  against  the  walls 
opposite.  Like  the  wrecked  building,  how- 
ever, these  were  storehouses  and  factories, 
and  little  damage  was  done  to  them. 

The  roar  of  the  falling  wall  sounded  like 
an  explosion,  and  Policeman  Guthrie  of 
the  Amity  Street  Station  and  the  crowd 
which  rushed  to  Columbia  Street  thought 
a  bomb  had  been  exploded.  The  whole 
wall,  100  feet  long,  had  fallen  into  the 
street  from  the  roof  to  a  point  twenty  feet 
above  the  sidewalk. 

John  Snackenberg,  an  Inspector  in  the 
Building  Department,  said  that  grain 
stored  in  the  building  might  have  exploded 
by  spontaneous  combustion  or  the  accu- 
mulation of  years  which  had  dropped 
between  the  bins  and  the  outer  wall  might 
have  swollen  and  forced  the  brick  wall  out. 
He  would  not  say  that  either  of  these 
things  had  happened,  however,  and  it  was 
generally  believed  that  the  wind  had 
started  the  wall  swaying  until  it  had  top- 
pled over. 

John  Callahan  and  his  three-year-old 
son,  John,  Jr.,  were  on  their  way  home  to 
81  Congress  Street  when  the  wall  fell,  and 
they  were  cut  and  bruised  by  bricks.  John 
Sullivan  of  100  Baltic  Street  was  hurt  in 
the  same  way,  and  all  were  treated  by  Dr. 
Lee  of  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital. 

The  crowds  returning  to  their  homes 
from  the  place  were  warned  away  from  the 
corner  of  Court  and  Congress  Street. 
There  a  big  piece  of  copper  about  fifty  feet 
long  was  swaying  from  the  tip  of  St.  Paul's 
spire.  The  church,  which  is  the  oldest 
Catholic  Church  in  Brooklyn,  since  the 
renovation  of  St.  James's  Pro-Cathedral, 
in  Jay  Street,  has  a  spire  covered  with 
slate  and  protected  along  the  edges  with 
strips  of  copper. 

The  wind  detached  one  of  these,  twenty- 
five  feet  long,  and  blew  it  across  the  street 


WEATHER 


197 


to  the  roof  of  a  tenement  at  196  Court 
Street,  where  it  smashed  through  the  sky- 
light and  put  the  tenants  in  a  panic,  though 
none  was  hurt.  The  second  strip,  only 
partly  detached,  blew  to  and  fro  like  the 
pendulum  of  a  huge  clock,  occasionally 
knocking  pieces  of  slate  into  the  street  as 
it  banged  against  the  spire.  The  police 
blocked  off  the  corner  with  red  lanterns 
and  prevented  pedestrians  or  vehicles  from 
passing. 

In  Manhattan  the  wind  blew  a  300- 
pound  derrick  from  the  roof  of  a  six- 
story  building  at  801  Third  Avenue,  near 
Fiftieth  Street.  It  fell  on  the  roof  of  the 
two-story  building  adjoining,  and  the 
crash  startled  the  200  occupants  of  a  mov- 
ing picture  house  on  the  floor  beneath. 
They  hustled  for  the  doors,  and  women's 
dresses  were  torn  in  the  struggle.  None 
was  hurt,  however. 

James  Costello,  a  retired  policeman  and 
special  watchman  in  a  bank  in  Williams 
Street,  and  Charles  Smith,  employed  on  a 
barge  moored  to  the  end  of  Long  Dock,  in 
Erie  Basin,  were  the  storm's  victims. 
Costello  was  run  down  by  an  automobile 
in  front  of  7,210  Fourteenth  Avenue, 
Brooklyn,  when  he  tried  to  cross  the  street, 
his  vision  shielded  by  an  umbrella,  which 
the  wind  forced  him  to  hold  over  his 
face. 

Smith,  with  Edward  Jurgeson,  was  cross- 
ing on  a  plank  between  the  end  of  the  pier 
and  his  barge  when  a  gust  of  wind  blew 
him  off.  Jurgeson  stretched  out  a  hand 
and  caught  Smith's  arm.  He  could  not 
hold  him  and  was  pulled  into  the  water. 
Other  bargemen,  hearing  them  yell,  threw 
ropes,  and  Jurgeson  caught  one.  He  was 
hauled  into  the  barge,  but  Smith  was  lost. 
His  body  was  recovered. 

Three  foiirteen-year-old  boys  were  hurt 
in  Faterson,  N.  J.,  when  the  wind  blew 
down  a  barn  at  80  Plum  Street,  in  which 
they  had  taken  refuge  from  the  rain.  They 
were  Louis  Krager  of  6,  Frank  Carman  of 
71,  and  Louis  Rose  of  34  Plum  Street. 

The  boys  were  buried  in  the  wreckage 
of  the  building  until  firemen  dug  them  out. 
Then  it  was  found  that  Krager  had  his 
right  arm  and  left  leg  broken  and  both 


the  others  probably  had  fractured  skulls. 
Young  Krager  was  caught  beneath  several 
heavy  beams  and  could  not  be  moved  until 
firemen  had  rigged  a  block  and  falls  and 
lifted  the  beams.  The  youngsters  were 
taken  to  St.  Joseph's  Hospital. 

According  to  the  weather  forecast,  the 
wind,  which  blew  from  the  northeast  yes- 
terday, will  haul  to  the  northwest  to-day, 
and  may  blow  even  more  heavily. 


Note  —  In  the  next  two  stories  the  facts  about 
the  same  eclipse  are  given  in  different  ways. 

ECLIPSE  OF  SUN 

(1) 
Washington  Herald 

That  feeling  of  awe  inspired  by  the  shut- 
ting off  of  the  sun's  light  was  prevalent  in 
Washington  yesterday  morning  for  about 
three  hours. 

All  over  the  city  groups  of  men,  women, 
and  children  were  formed  to  view  the  phe- 
nomenon through  smoked  glasses.  Those 
who  had  not  been  informed  of  the  eclipse, 
or  who  had  neglected  to  ascertain  the  time 
of  the  sun's  darkening,  mistook  the  appear- 
ance of  things  as  foreboding  rain. 

The  darkness  was  not  like  the  darkness 
of  night.  It  was  a  gloomy  blackness,  and 
seemed  to  carry  a  chill  with  it  as  it  passed 
over  the  earth. 

At  the  Naval  Observatory,  on  George- 
town Heights,  a  corps  of  five  astronomers 
were  making  observations  of  the  spectacle, 
and  photographs  were  taken  by  a  forty -foot 
photo-heliograph. 

Under  the  direction  of  Prof.  W.  S. 
Eichelberger,  the  observers  recorded  the 
first  contact  of  the  sun  and  moon  at  thirty- 
five  minutes  and  twenty-eight  seconds  after 
9  o'clock,  just  ten  seconds  before  the  pre- 
dicted time.  The  sun  was  in  partial  eclipse 
until  forty-nine  minutes  and  two  seconds 
after  12  o'clock. 

Photographs  were  taken  at  different  in- 
tervals of  the  moon's  transit  by  Prof. 
George  H.  Peters.  Those  who  assisted 
in  making  the  observations  were  Profs. 
F.  B.  Littell  and  G.  A.  Hill,  assistant  as- 


igS 


TYPES  OF  NEWS  WRITING 


tronomers,  Mat  Frederickson  and  C.  W. 
Frederick. 

According  to  the  astronomers,  only  about 
75  per  cent  of  the  sun's  face  was  darkened, 
but  the  eclipse  was  total  in  Florida  and 
Mexico. 

This  was  the  second  eclipse  of  the  year, 
the  other  having  occurred  on  January  3. 
As  the  sun  yesterday  was  not  completely 
hidden,  the  phenomenon  of  the  "corona" 
was  not  visible.  The  shadow  was  visible, 
however,  over  the  whole  of  North  America, 
the  northern  portion  of  South  America, 
the  southwestern  part  of  Europe,  the  north- 
west corner  of  Africa,  and  the  Northern 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  oceans. 

The  spectacle  was  regarded  by  astrono- 
mers at  the  observatory  as  highly  instruc- 
tive, many  crescent  images  being  seen. 

Last  evening,  immediately  after  sunset, 
Jupiter,  Mercury,  Mars,  Neptune,  and 
Venus  were  noticeable,  grouped  together 
in  the  West.  These  stars,  according  to 
astronomers,  will  not  be  seen  again  in  such 
proximity  for  several  hundred  j^ears. 

In  other  days,  the  combination  of  two 
such  phenomena,  the  grouping  of  large 
planets,  and  an  eclipse  of  the  sun,  would 
start  all  sorts  of  forebodings,  but  with  the 
general  spread  of  astronomical  knowledge, 
events  like  these  are  accepted  as  part  of  the 
workings  of  the  great  law  that  rules  the 
universe,  and  have  ceased  to  strike  terror. 

(2) 
Washington  Post 

Sooty  nose  tips  were  quite  the  fashion 
in  the  National  Capital  yesterday  forenoon. 
People  got  them  by  squinting  through  bits 
of  smoked  glass  at  the  sun  and  moon.  Our 
Lady  of  the  Night,  instead  of  being  de- 
cently abed  with  her  star  children  in  the 
celestial  nursery,  was  up  and  abroad  in  the 
full  glare  of  the  June  morning,  and  had  the 
astronomical  rudeness  to  cast  a  shadow  on 
Sabbath  newspapers  by  passing  between 
their  readers  and  the  light. 

It  took  her  3  hours,  13  minutes,  and  34 
seconds,  to  a  dot,  to  march  across  the  sun, 
and  all  Washington  flocked  into  the  front 
yard  to  gaze  on  the  lady's  transit.   They 


bore  gingerly  in  their  fingers  small  pieces 
of  glass  darkened  by  wick  smoke,  and  such 
as  in  their  innocence  yielded  to  the  prompt- 
ings of  mischief -minded  folk  to  "Hold  it 
closer,  dear,  closer,  so  you  can  see,"  reaped 
the  reward  of  the  unsophisticated  in 
smudged  noses  and  gay  shouts  of  ribaldry 
at  their  cost. 

It  was  35  minutes  and  28  seconds  past 
9  o'clock,  standard  time,  when  the  partial 
eclipse  began.  At  that  instant  occurred 
what  astronomers  call  the  first  contact, 
when  the  windward  edge  of  the  roistering 
moon  impinged  on  the  sun's  periphery. 
Get  it  ?  Periphery — circumference — rim. 
(Representing  the  difference  between  the 
Naval  Observatory,  Connecticut  avenue 
and  South  Washington.  All  the  same,  but 
seconds  different.) 

It  was  1  hour  36  minutes  and  47  seconds 
later,  or  11:12:15  a.  m.,  when  the  Pale  Orb 
of  Night  (phrase  borrowed)  reached  the 
half-way  point  in  her  morning  stroll  across 
the  perpendicular  path  of  the  light  dis- 
penser, and  achieved  the  casting  of  a  shadow 
on  the  world  that,  if  it  didn't  send  the 
birds  to  roost,  at  least  fooled  some  lazy 
folk  into  turning  over  with  a  happy  sigh  of 
surprise  for  a  longer  snooze. 

It  was  29  minutes  and  2  seconds  past  the 
hour  of  high  noon  when  her  ladyship  blew 
off  to  bed,  scandalous  jade,  and  the  smoked- 
glass  gazers  went  to  lunch. 

At  the  Naval  Observatory,  on  Wisconsin 
avenue  Heights,  during  the  eclipse  Prof. 
W.  S.  Eichelberger  and  his  full  staff  were 
as  busy  as  97  eggs  in  an  incubator  at  hatch- 
ing time. 

"  The  eclipse,"  added  the  professor,  "  ar- 
rived ten  seconds  ahead  of  the  predicted 
time  and  lasted  thirteen  seconds  less  than 
the  predicted  period.  Five  observers  noted 
the  times  of  contact — Prof.  F.  B.  Littell, 
U.  S.  N.,  Assistant  Astronomers  G.  A.  Hill, 
J.  C.  Hammond,  Matt  Frederickson,  C.  W. 
Frederick,  and  myself — who  directed  the 
observations.  A  photograph  of  the  maxi- 
mum eclipse  was  taken  by  Assistant  George 
H.  Peters,  and  a  print  was  obtained  through 
the  courtesy  of  Capt.  W.  J.  Barnett,  U.  S. 
N.,  superintendent  of  the  observatory. 

"The  photograph  was  taken  with  the 


WEATHER 


199 


40-foot  photoheliograph  installed  at  the 
observatory.  All  other  official  observations 
were  made  by  equatorial  telescopes.  The 
day  was  iine  for  observations.  The  image  of 
the  sun  was  very  steady  at  the  first  contact, 
but  somewhat  less  steady  at  the  last." 

The  photoheliograph  is  a  photographic 
camera,  forty  feet  long,  mounted  horizon- 
tally. Within  two  feet  of  the  front  end  of 
the  forty-foot  tube  (or  bellows,  to  borrow  a 
photographical  term)  is  the  telescope  lens. 
Two  feet  in  front  of  it  is  a  wedge-shaped 
piece  of  unsilvered  glass,  called  the  mirror. 
This  mirror  receives  the  sun's  rays  direct, 
diverts  the  major  portion  of  the  light,  and 
reflects  the  small  remainder  upon  the  lens, 
which  in  turn  imprints  the  image  upon  the 
sensitive  plate  at  the  near  end  of  the  tube. 

This  near  end — earth  end,  it  might  be 
called — is  inserted  in  one  wall  of  a  square, 
dark  room,  within  which  the  photographer 
stands.  A  vertical  slit,  one-sixteenth  of  an 
inch  wide,  in  the  near  end  of  the  tube,  ad- 
mits the  light  from  the  lens.  At  the  precise 
moment  the  photographer,  by  a  quick, 
strong  pull  on  a  lever,  shoots  the  sensitive 
plate  across  this  slit,  thereby  accomplishing 
an  "exposure"  of  about  one  one-hundredth 
of  a  second  in  duration.  In  that  infinitesi- 
mal fraction  of  time  the  desired  image  of 


the  eclipse  is — and  yesterday  was — im- 
printed upon  the  photographer's  plate. 

In  case  of  a  total  eclipse  the  operation  is 
different.  On  account  of  the  complete  ob- 
scuration of  the  luminary  by  the  moon,  a 
time  exposure  of  about  two  minutes  is  re- 
quired, and  to  achieve  this  a  clock  mecha- 
nism turns  the  camera  tube  so  as  to  keep  the 
heavenly  object  always  centered  on  the  lens. 

The  diameter  of  the  sun  is  800,000  miles. 
The  diameter  of  the  moon  is  4,000  miles. 
But  the  Sim  is  92,500,000  miles  away  from 
the  earth,  and  the  moon  is  only  24,000  miles 
away.  So,  upon  the  ocular  principle  that 
the  nearer  an  object  is  the  bigger  it  looks, 
the  moon,  when  it  passed  between  the  sun 
and  the  earth  yesterday,  had  an  apparent 
diameter  as  great  as  the  actual  diameter  of 
the  sun.  That  is  why,  when  there  is  a  total 
eclipse,  the  moon  is  big  enough,  looked  at 
from  the  earth,  to  all  but  completely  hide 
the  sun,  though  the  sun  is  200  times  as  large 
as  the  moon.  Otherwise  there  could  not  be 
such  a  thing  as  a  total  eclipse. 

So  yesterday  in  Florida  and  Mexico, 
where  the  eclipse  was  central,  at  the  mo- 
ment of  the  maximum  eclipse  all  that  the 
people  could  see  of  the  sun  was  a  brilliant 
ring  around  the  circumference  of  the  moon, 
like  a  molten  circlet. 


CHAPTER  XIII 

SPORTS 

Interest  in  sports.  One  of  the  marked  characteristics  of  American  news- 
papers is  the  large  amount  of  space,  both  absolutely  and  relatively,  that 
they  devote  in  every  issue  to  news  of  sports.  Although  there  is  undoubtedly 
a  healthy  interest  in  athletic  contests  on  the  part  of  many  readers,  news- 
papers have  greatly  stimulated  this  interest  and  have  created  a  considerable 
part  of  the  present  demand  for  sporting  news  and  gossip.  Hundreds  of 
thousands  of  newspaper  readers  who  have  never  seen  a  major  league  base- 
ball game  follow  day  by  day  the  doings  of  the  various  teams  and  players, 
not  merely  during  the  playing  season  but  throughout  the  greater  part  of  the 
year.  Newspapers  have  also  assisted  in  developing  intercollegiate  football 
from  a  game  in  which  students  and  alumni  were  primarily  interested  into  a 
sport  of  big  spectacular  contests  that  attract  the  general  public.  Even  after 
prize  fighting  was  barred  in  most  states,  newspapers,  by  the  space  given 
to  the  contestants  for  months  before  every  fight,  were  able  to  maintain 
wide-spread  interest  in  the  results.  In  order  to  furnish  readers  with  a  very 
large  amount  of  reading  matter  concerning  both  major  and  minor  sports, 
most  papers  have  a  special  staff  of  sports  writers  under  the  direction  of  the 
sporting  editor. 

Type  of  story.  Sporting  news  stories  may  be  divided  into  three  classes: 

(1)  those  that  deal  with  the  contestants  and  the  conditions  before  the  event, 

(2)  those  that  report  the  contest  itself,  and  (3)  those  that  analyze  the  event 
and  its  results.  Stories  that  discuss  the  relative  merits  of  the  contestants 
and  forecast  the  results  of  the  game  are  based  on  first  hand  observations  of 
the  writer  or  on  the  observations  of  others,  regarding  the  showing  made  by 
the  contestants  in  previous  events  and  in  practice.  The  general  and  the  de- 
tailed accounts  of  a  contest  can,  of  course,  be  written  only  by  writers  who 
have  witnessed  it.  The  analysis  of  the  event  and  of  its  results  may  be  based 
either  on  the  reporter's  own  observations  of  the  contest  or  on  the  reports  of 
it  printed  in  newspapers.  In  covering  a  big  sporting  event,  a  newspaper  fre- 
quently assigns  two  men  to  report  it,  one  to  write  a  general  account  and  one 
a  detailed  story.   It  is  evident  that  all  sporting  news  stories  can  best  be 


SPORTS  201 

written  by  men  who  are  thoroughly  famiUar  with  the  sport  itself  and  with 
the  contestants. 

Purpose.  The  general  aim  of  sporting  news  stories  should  be  to  satisfy  a 
normal,  healthy  interest  in  legitimate  sports.  That  newspapers  have  stimu- 
lated an  excessive  interest  in  professional  baseball  and  intercollegiate  foot- 
ball, as  well  as  in  prize  fights,  is  a  criticism  deserving  careful  consideration. 
The  evil  effects  on  schoolboy  athletes,  and  even  on  some  college  players,  of 
undue  newspaper  pubhcity  have  been  pointed  out  by  educators  and  should 
also  be  considered  by  the  sports  writer.  Accuracy  and  fairness  are  as  vital 
to  news  stories  of  sports  as  to  any  other  news  stories.  Although  the  interest 
that  readers  have  in  local  contestants  may  warrant  a  writer  in  devoting 
considerable  space  to  them,  it  does  not  justify  him  in  slighting  or  treating 
unfairly  their  opponents  in  whom  the  readers  have  less  interest.  The  spirit 
of  fair  play  that  is  essential  to  sport  is  equally  necessary  to  reports  of  sport- 
ing events. 

Treatment.  The  handling  of  sporting  news  presents  several  problems. 
The  review  of  conditions  preceding  the  contest  and  the  analysis  of  the 
game  and  its  results  require  careful  observation,  clear  thinking,  and  a  good 
expository  style.  In  some  respects  this  kind  of  interpretation  is  not  unlike 
editorial  and  critical  writing.  The  account  of  the  event  itself  demands 
spirited  narrative  and  description  that  portrays  not  only  the  scenes  but 
the  spirit  of  the  occasion.  The  contrast  between  the  emotions  of  the  victors 
and  those  of  the  vanquished  may  be  used  to  good  advantage.  Because  of 
the  popular  interest  in  individual  players,  many  events  give  ample  oppor- 
tunity for  developing  the  personal,  or  human  interest,  elements.  The  term 
"heroes"  as  often  appHed  to  athletes  is  not  inappropriate,  for  it  is  the 
heroic  quahties  of  the  contestants  that  appeal  to  the  spectators  and  the 
followers  of  the  sport. 

Style  is  also  an  important  element  in  sporting  news  stories.  The  very 
popularity  of  a  subject  that  demands  much  writing  on  the  same  or  similar 
material  day  by  day  necessitates  variety  of  presentation.  Efforts  to  avoid 
constant  repetition  in  reporting  baseball  games  have  resulted  in  some  pictur- 
esque diction  and  some  original  figures  of  speech  in  the  stories  of  the  clever 
few,  and  in  much  more  cheap  humor  and  almost  unintelligible  jargon  in  the 
work  of  their  mediocre  imitators.  That  readable  stories  can  be  written  in 
good  English  with  as  much  originality  of  style  as  is  to  be  found  in  other 
well  written  news  stories,  has  been  repeatedly  demonstrated  by  a  number 
of  writers  on  sports. 


202 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


FOOTBALL  TEAM  PROSPECTS 

Philadelphia  Ledger 

When  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
football  eleven  lines  up  for  its  game  with 
the  Navy  team  tomorrow  afternoon  on 
Severn  Field  it  will  in  all  probability  be 
without  the  services  of  three  of  its  star  back  - 
field  men.  Howard  Berry,  "Bill"  Quiglej^ 
and  "Vic"  Welch  are  the  trio  who  will  be 
forced  to  witness  this  contest  from  the  side- 
lines. Berr}%  who  was  injured  the  early  part 
of  last  week,  has  been  unable  to  get  into 
any  of  the  scrimmages  this  week,  while 
Quigley  and  Welch  have  been  out  of  the 
game  since  last  Saturday,  when  both  re- 
ceived injuries  which  will  very  likely  keep 
them  out  of  the  contest,  unless  it  is  abso- 
lutely necessary  to  call  on  them  for  active 
service. 

The  loss  of  these  three  men  will  prove  a 
serious  loss  to  the  Red  and  Blue,  and  unless 
the  men  who  are  sent  in  to  take  their  places 
can  gain  through  the  Middies'  defense, 
"Old  Penn"  will  be  in  a  serious  predica- 
ment. The  result  of  the  game  tomorrow 
afternoon  will  be  very  closely  followed  by 
all  of  Penn's  coming  opponents  on  the  grid- 
iron this  fall;  and  unless  the  Quakers  can 
come  close  to  the  score  made  by  the  Pitts- 
burgh team  last  Saturday  against  the 
Admirals,  the  chances  for  defeating  the 
Smoky  City  athletes  are  very  slim. 

Yesterday's  workout  in  the  rain  did  not 
slow  up  the  practice  a  great  deal,  as  the  men 
put  all  of  their  energies  into  their  play,  and 
if  the  same  spirit  is  prevalent  in  tomorrow's 
game  the  Red  and  Blue  team  should  bring 
victory  to  Philadelphia.  Ray  Grant,  who 
has  been  directing  the  team  during  the  last 
two  days,  will  in  all  probability  be  first 
choice  for  the  quarterback  position,  with 
Williams,  Ross  and  Derr  behind  him. 

In  the  workout  yesterday  these  four 
men  gained  consistently  against  the  fresh- 
man and  scrub  elevens,  and  all  of  the 
coaches  were  well  pleased  with  the  scrim- 
mage work  of  the  men.  In  the  freshman 
contest  the  Varsity  went  over  for  a  touch- 
down in  20  minutes  of  plaj^  and  in  the 
scrub  game  they  shoved  the  pigskin  for 
another  tally.  Tackling  was  practiced,  and 


every  man  was  given  the  "call"  if  he  did 
not  down  the  runner  in  the  proper  manner. 
This  department  of  the  game  will  be  drilled 
into  the  head  of  every  man,  and  before  the 
season  is  far  advanced  there  should  be  a 
vast  improvement  in  the  tackling  of  every 
Penn  player. 

At  the  close  of  today's  practice  the  men 
will  go  to  the  training  house  for  dinner, 
after  which  they  will  pack  their  grips  for 
Annapolis.  The  squad  will  not  go  direct  to 
Annapolis  tonight,  but  will  stay  in  Balti- 
more. The  team's  headquarters  overnight 
will  be  the  Hotel  Belvidere.  Saturday 
morning  the  men  will  board  cars  for  the 
Naval  Academy.  Coaches  "By"  Dickson, 
Torrey,  WTiarton  and  Dr.  Carl  Williams 
will  in  all  probability  take  the  trip  with 
the  team. 

That  the  students  at  the  University  are 
interested  in  the  outcome  of  this  contest  is 
certain,  for  tomorrow  morning  a  "Pennsyl- 
vania special"  will  puU  out  of  Philadelphia 
with  more  than  150  Penn  rooters  on  board. 
There  are  certain  to  be  some  lively  times  on 
the  Navy  field  tomorrow  afternoon,  when 
the  rooters  cheer  their  teams  on  the  banks 
of  the  historic  Severn  River. 


Note  —  The  two  stories  following,  aUhovgh 
taken  from  the  same  paper  and  dealing  with 
similar  material,  afford  an  interesting  contrast. 

THE  DAY  OF  THE  GAME 

New  York  Evening  Post 

Princeton,  N.  J.,  November  6. — With 
ideal  football  weather  for  the  annual  game 
between  Princeton  and  Harvard  to-day, 
the  thousands  of  followers  of  the  rival  teams 
who  are  here  from  all  sections  of  the  East 
expect  to  witness  one  of  the  most  spectacu- 
lar struggles  of  the  season.  The  Tiger 
coaches  consider  their  eleven  20  per  cent, 
stronger  than  when  Dartmouth  was  de- 
feated two  weeks  ago,  and  while  not  over- 
confident, are  hopeful  of  victory.  There  are 
many  in  the  Princeton  camp  who  say  it  is 
the  first  time  in  four  years  that  the  Orange 
and  Black  have  entered  into  battle  with 
Harvard  on  apparently  even  terms. 


SPORTS 


203 


Although  the  unbeaten  Princeton  team 
appear  to  have  the  better  of  Harvard  in 
playing  form  and  all-round  strength,  it  is 
realized  that  in  the  Crimson,  defeated  by 
Cornell  two  weeks  ago,  there  are  great 
possibilities,  and  that  Rush's  men  will  have 
the  battle  of  their  careers  if  victory  is  to  be 
theirs.  With  the  exception  of  Halsey,  right 
tackle,  who  was  injured  last  week,  the 
Tigers  are  in  prime  condition  and  prepared 
for  a  gruelling  contest.  Parisette,  who  re- 
places Halsey,  and  Lamberton,  who  takes 
Brown's  place  at  right  end,  are  the  only 
changes  announced  by  Coach  Rush.  The 
remainder  of  the  team  is  the  same  that 
started  the  Dartmouth  contest.  Lamber- 
ton until  recently  was  a  substitute  half- 
back. The  changes  are  believed  to  have 
materially  strengthened  the  Princeton  com- 
bination at  its  weakest  point. 

Harvard  will  present  a  team  on  edge  for 
the  battle,  and,  with  the  remarkable  open- 
field  running  of  Capt.  Mahan,  hopes  to 
carry  away  the  honors.  The  Crimson,  how- 
ever, is  to  face  a  much  stronger  opponent 
than  it  did  last  year,  when  Princeton  was 
defeated  20  to  0.  Neither  of  the  rival 
coaches  will  make  any  predictions  prior  to 
the  start  of  the  game;  both  are  hopeful, 
however,  and  say  their  men  will  fight  to  the 
last  ditch. 

The  largest  crowd  that  ever  saw  a  Har- 
vard-Princeton game  in  this  little  town  is 
on  hand  to  see  the  fray.  The  demand  for 
tickets  was  so  great  that  the  supply  of 
41,000  was  exhausted.  It  was  the  usual 
colorful  crowd,  bedecked  with  the  crimson 
of  Harvard  and  the  yellow  and  black  of 
the  Tigers,  that  wended  its  way  from  the 
special  trains  from  New  York  and  Phila- 
delphia early  to-day  to  Palmer  Stadium. 
Automobiles  by  the  hundreds  brought 
thousands  of  spectators.  Old  Princeton 
graduates,  back  for  the  annual  game,  held 
impromptu  reunions  on  the  campus  or  on 
Nassau  Street,  or  made  a  tour  of  inspection 
of  the  University  buildings  to  note  the 
changes  since  they  were  last  here. 

The  Cambridge  players  came  in  from 
New  York  on  a  special  during  the  morning, 
and  were  given  a  great  welcome  by  hun- 
dreds of  Harvard  men  who  had  preceded  the 


squad  here.  Members  of  the  scrub  elevens 
of  the  two  institutions  who  have  worked 
hard  all  season  giving  practice  to  their 
respective  'varsity  teams  played  a  game  in 
the  forenoon  which  attracted  a  big  crowd. 
The  hneup  will  be  as  follows: 


PRINCETON. 
Highley,  1.  e. 
McLean,  1.  t. 
Nourse,  1.  g. 
Geanert,  c. 
Hogg,  r.  g. 
Parisette,  r.  t. 
Lamberton,  r.  e. 
Click  (c),  qb. 
Shea,  L  hb. 
Tibbott,  r.  hb. 
Driggs,  fb. 


HARVARD. 

Soucy,  L  e. 
Gilman,  I.  t. 
Dadmun,  L  g. 
Wallace,  c. 
Taylor,  r.  g. 
Parson,  r.  t. 
Harte,  r.  e. 
Watson,  qb. 
King,  1.  hb. 
Boles,  r.  hb. 
Mahan  (c),  fb. 


Officials:  Referee,  W.  S.  Langford,  Trinity;  um- 
pire, Dr.  Carl  Williams,  Pennsylvania;  field  judge, 
E.  S.  Land,  Annapolis;  head  linesman,  G.  N.  Bank- 
art,  Dartmouth.  Time  of  periods  fifteen  minutes 
each. 

Game  starts  2  P.  M. 


THE  DAY  OF  THE  GAME 

New  York  Evening  Post 

BT  FAIR  PLAT. 

Cambridge,  November  7. — Brave  north- 
west winds,  a  blue  sky  with  heavy  clouds 
drifting  across,  sunlight  with  a  glint  of  steel 
in  it,  and  air  with  a  tang,  were  the  weather 
conditions  which  added  zest  to  the  spirit 
with  which  Cambridge  greeted  the  day  of 
her  big  game  of  the  season,  the  contest  for 
gridiron  supremacy  between  the  Harvard 
and  Princeton  football  elevens.  The  game 
with  Yale  will  be  played  two  weeks  hence 
at  New  Haven,  and  as  a  consequence  Nas- 
sau takes  Eli's  place  in  the  Cantabrigian 
scheme  of  things. 

Enthusiasm  is  keen  both  here  and  in 
Boston;  for  since  the  Crimson  and  Orange 
and  Black  resumed  football  relations  in 
1911,  after  a  lapse  of  fifteen  years,  interest 
in  this  annual  struggle  has  increased  in  the 
public  mind,  as  in  the  estimation  of  adher- 
ents of  the  rival  universities,  until  now  it 
has  taken  a  place  among  the  gridiron 
classics  of  the  year. 

The  fact  that  of  all  the  important  imi- 
versity  elevens  Harvard  and  Princeton 
are  the  only  two  that  have  not  met  defeat 


204 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


this  season  is  taken  into  account  as  empha- 
sizing the  importance  of  the  game,  there 
being  something  of  a  supplemental  thrill  in 
the  probability  that  by  five  o'clock  this 
afternoon  the  record  of  two  unbeaten 
elevens  will  be  reduced  to  one. 

A  striking  note  about  Cambridge  to-day 
is  the  absence  of  Crimson  banners  in  the 
hands  of  Harvard  enthusiasts.  Red  flags 
are  barred  under  the  law,  and  the  Socialists 
have  insisted  upon  the  enforcement  of  the 
ordinance.  No  one  is  permitted  to  carry 
the  colors  of  fair  Harvard,  under  pain  of 
arrest,  and,  while  there  was  a  tendency  on 
the  part  of  certain  indignant  students  and 
alumni  to  make  a  test  of  the  law  which,  by 
the  way,  was  aimed  at  anarchists  and  mili- 
tant Socialists,  the  Harvard  authorities 
deemed  it  unwise  thus  to  force  the  issue. 
So  a  formal  request  was  issued  by  the  man- 
agement that  Harvard's  arterial  red  be  not 
borne  to-day.  This  is  said  to  apply,  also, 
to  arm-bands  and  to  handkerchiefs,  which 
will  defeat  the  ancient  Harvard  custom  of 
the  Cambridge  cheering  section  forming  a 
red-and-white  H.  An  attempt  will  be  made 
to  have  the  law  amended,  so  as  to  exempt 
the  University  from  its  provisions,  which 
afflict  Harvard  so  grievously  at  present. 

The  whole  thing  is  ridiculous,  absurd; 
but  the  law  stands,  and  it  has  to  be  obeyed. 
In  the  meantime  there  appears  to  be  no 
objection  to  red  carnations  and  American 
beauty  roses,  nor  even  to  red  neckties  or 
hosiery.  Just  the  same,  the  Harvard  stands 
are  likely  to  be  more  sombre  this  afternoon 
than  is  usual  when  big  games  are  played  in 
the  stadium.  There  is  no  ban,  however, 
upon  the  orange  and  the  black,  and  so, 
Princetonians,  of  whom  there  will  be  several 
thousands  inside  the  gray  walls  of  the  arena 
on  the  River  Charles,  may  be  as  garish  as 
they  please. 

Cambridge  was  overlaid  with  gold  to- 
day, not  the  gold  of  Old  Nassau,  but  na- 
ture's purest  sunlight.  It  rested  on  old 
buildings  of  the  yard,  flooded  the  streets, 
and  tipped  the  tiny  wavelets  of  the  Charles 
with  silver.  No  day  better  qualified  for 
football  at  its  best  ever  smiled  upon  this 
old  university  seat.  On  the  inspiring  breeze 
was  borne  the  odor  of  burnt  leaves  and  of 


wood  smoke;  the  call  of  the  great  out  of 
doors  was  too  potent  for  even  the  most 
dry-as-dust  professor  to  resist. 

Every  one  was  out  early;  every  one  was 
talking  football.  Concrete  point  to  the 
excitement  developed  shortly  after  noon 
when  the  graduates  and  students  began  to 
assemble  for  their  parade  through  the  Uni- 
versity and  thence  to  the  field.  The  alumni 
representing  classes  as  far  back  as  the  six- 
ties, and  coming  down  to  the  class  of  1913, 
met  in  front  of  University  Hall,  the  seniors 
in  front  of  Weld,  the  juniors  at  Graj'S,  the 
sophomores  at  Matthews,  and  the  fresh- 
men at  Massachusetts.  The  procession  was 
scheduled  to  start  at  one  o'clock,  headed 
by  a  band,  which  was  to  lead  the  way  about 
the  yard,  and  finally  after  a  season  of 
cheering  both  for  the  various  classes  and 
the  University  and  the  football  eleven,  the 
route  led  out  of  the  Johnson  Gate  and  so  to 
the  Stadium. 

The  Harvard  team  passed  the  night  in 
seclusion  at  the  Brookline  Country  Club — 
so,  as  a  Harvard  wag  put  it,  they  would 
not  be  forced  to  hear  even  the  faintest 
echoes  of  the  Harvard-Princeton  Glee  Club 
"massacre"  in  Memorial  Hall.  The  Tigers 
rested  far  from  the  heart  of  turmoil,  out  at 
the  Woodland  Park  Hotel  in  Auburndale. 
In  the  meantime,  the  Princeton  supporters, 
who  had  not  the  necessity  of  keeping  strict 
training,  disported  themselves  in  various 
agreeable  ways  at  the  Copley  Plaza,  while 
Harvard  men,  staying  up  late,  were  to  be 
found  everywhere. 

Neither  team  physically  is  in  just  the 
condition  that  the  coaches  would  like  to 
have  it.  Not  that  they  are  overtrained  at 
all,  but  various  important  cogs  in  either 
machine  have  suffered  in  the  remote  or 
recent  past  from  sprains  and  pulled  ten- 
dons, which,  while  healed,  may  recur  at  the 
most  inopportune  moment.  For  Princeton, 
Click,  Talbott  and  Ed.  Trenkman  are 
liable  in  this  respect,  while  Mahan  and 
Pennock  of  the  Harvard  eleven  are  in  the 
same  boat.  Wallace,  the  Harvard  centre, 
will  not  enter  the  lineup  because  of  slow 
recovery  from  a  blow  in  the  head  received 
in  the  game  against  Michigan.  Thus  Bige- 
low  will  have  to  play  in  his  place,  and  this  is 


SPORTS 


205 


regarded  as  weakening  the  Crimson  centre 

to  some  extent.  Highley  and  Shea  will 
start  as  ends  for  Princeton.    Managers  of 

both  elevens  express  themselves  as  de- 
lighted with  the  condition  of  the  gridiron, 

and  are  pleased,  also,  with  the  assurances 
of  the  weatherwise  that  by  afternoon  the 
wind  will  be  a  negligible  quantity.  The  line- 
up follows: 

HARVARD. 

Player,  class,  and  position:          Age.    Ht.  Wt. 

T.  J.  Coolidge, '15,  1.  e 21  5  llJi  175 

K.  B.  G.  Parson,  '16,  1.  t 22  6  02 J^  187 

M.  Weston,  '15,  1.  g 20  6  03}^  194 

D.  J.  WaUaee, '16,  centre 21  5  11  174 

S.  B.  Pennock,  '15,  r.  g 22  5  083^  203 

W.  H.  Trumbull,  '15,  r.  t 21  6  01}i  190 

H.  R.  Hardwick,  '15,  r.  e 22  5  11  171 

M.  J.  Logan,  '15,  qb 21  5  08}^  150 

E.  W.  Mahan,  '16,  1.  hb 22  5  11  169 

F.  J.  Brandlee,  '15,  r.  hb 21  5  IVA  178 

H.  Francke,  '15,  fb 20  6  00%  189 

SUBSTITUTES. 

J.  L.  Bigelow,  '16,  t.  and  c 22  6  00  182 

C.  A.  Coolidge.  jr.,  '17,  e 20  5  10^  161 

L.  Curtis, '16,  e 21  6  OIJ^  175 

W.  Rollins, '15.  hb 20  5  073^  158 

H.  St.  J.  Smith,  '15,  e 23  6  01  174 

E.  G.  Swigert,  '16,  qb 22  5  07  147 

D.  C.  Watson, '16,  qb 19  5  09  148 

A.  J.  Weatherhead, '15,  e 22  5  10  168 

W.  Whitney, '16,  hb 21  5  10  157 

W.  Wilcox,  '16,  qb.  and  hb 19  5  08  143 

F.  B.  Withington, '15,  g 23  6  OIJ^  184 

PRINCETON. 

H.  M.  Lamberton,  '16,  1.  e 21  6  00  178 

W.  McLean, '17,  1.  t 19  5  113^  180 

W.  J.  Shenk,  '15,  1.  g 23  5  lOH  179 

A.  E.  Gennert, '17,  c 18  5  11  ISO 

E.  Trenkman,  '15,  r.  g 21  5   118^4  194 

H.  R.  Ballin, '15,  r.  t 20  6  01  194 

H.  G.  Brown, '16,  r.  e 20  5  11  174 

K.  L.  Ames,  jr., '16,  qb 20  5  10>^  160 

F.  Trenkman,  '15,  1.  hb 23  5  08  180 

F.  Click, '16,  r.  hb 21  5  09  178 

E.  H.  Driggs,  Jr.,  '17,  fb 19  5  11  178 

SUBSTITUTES. 

P.  Bigler, '17,  t 21  5  10  176 

J.  S.  Baker,  '15,  e 20  5  10  174 

M.  A.  Charles, '17,  e 21  5  10^  176 

J.  T.  A.  Doolittle, '15,  hb 22  5  08M  159 

C.  A.  Dickerman,  '17,  hb 22  5  10  169 

C.  C.  Highley, '17,  e 19  5  11  162 

T.  T.  Hogg, '17,  g 20  6  04  193 

W.  D.  Love,  '16,  t 21  5  10  186 

B.  C.  Law, '16,  hb 19  5  11  163 

R.  Nourse, '17,  c.  &  t 19  5  11}^  186 

E.  L.  Shea,  '16,  e 21  5  10  166 

D.  M.  Tibbott,  17,  hb 18  6  10  170 


Note  —  The  detailed  story,  play  by  play,  fol- 
lowed  this  under  a  separate  head. 

FOOTBALL  GAME 

Springfield  Republican 
Yale.  Princeton. 

Brann,  Gould,  1  e   re.  Shea,  Brown 

Talbott,  Loughridge,  C.  Sheldon,  It  .  .  .  .  r  t,  Ballin 

Conroy,  Oakes,  1  g r  g,  E.  Trenkmann,  Hogg 

White,  c c,  Gennert,  Haviland 

Walden,  r  g 1  g,  Shenk,  Swart 

Betts,  J.  Sheldon,  Von  Holt,  r  t 

1 1,  McLean,  Love 

Stillman,  Carter,  re 

1  e,  Highley,  Lamberton,  RayhiU,  Brown 

A.  Wilson,  Easton,  q  b 

q  b,  Ames,  Eberstadt,  Click 

Ainsworth,  Cornell,  1  h  b 

r  h  b,  Glick,  F.  Trenkmann,  Boland,  Law 

Knowles,  Scovil,  rhb 

1  h  b,  Tibbott,  Dickerman 

Le  Gore,  Guernsey,  f  b f  b,  Driggs,  Moore 

Score,  Yale  19,  Princeton  14.  Touchdowns, 
Ainsworth,  Brann,  Scovil,  Moore,  Glick.  Goals 
from  touchdowns,  Le  Gore,  Law  2.  Referee,  Nathan 
Tufts  of  Brown.  Umpire,  Carl  Marshall  of  Harvard. 
Head  linesman,  J.  W.  Beacham  of  Cornell.  Field 
judge,  Fred  W.  Burleigh  of  Exeter. 


The  Yale  football  team  defeated  Prince- 
ton's eleven  yesterday  afternoon,  19  to  14, 
in  a  game  which,  for  thrilling  climax,  rivaled 
modern  stage  craft  at  its  best.  Beaten  back 
and  scored  upon  with  apparent  ease  during 
the  first  three  periods  of  play,  the  Tigers 
tore  loose  with  a  smashing  attack  in  the 
final  15  minutes  of  the  game  and  fairly  rid- 
dled Eli's  line.  Twice  the  orange  and  black 
swept  across  the  blue  goal  fine  and  the 
Princeton  men  were  fighting  desperately 
for  the  third  touchdown,  which  would  have 
given  them  victory,  when  the  timer's  call 
ended  Princeton's  chances  and  Yale's  ap- 
prehensions. 

No  similar  situation  has  developed  in  the 
annual  game  between  these  two  university 
teams  in  many  years,  and  with  its  thrill- 
ing moments  of  spectacular  play  and  grip- 
ping uncertainty,  the  contest  formed  a 
most  fitting  dedication  of  Princeton's  new 
Palmer  memorial  stadium. 

The  setting  for  the  Tigers'  dying  rally  of 
the  season  of  1914  was  as  perfect  as  if  the 
final  scenes  had  been  planned  weeks  in 
advance.  Forty  thousand  spectators  from 
all  points  of  the  compass  invaded  Prince- 


206 


TYPES   OF  NEWS   WRITING 


ton,  bearing  the  flags  and  emblems  of  the 
rival  institutions.  The  weather  man's  gift 
to  the  day's  contest  was  perfect  weather 
overhead  and  a  turf  unsurpassed  for  foot- 
ball. The  great  gray  horseshoe  with  its 
innumerable  tiers  of  seats  was  filled,  with 
the  exception  of  the  curve  at  the  north  end. 
With  a  warm  sun  and  an  almost  entire 
absence  of  wind,  heavy  wraps  were  unneces- 
sary, yet  down  on  the  green  turf  of  the 
gridiron  shaded  by  the  high  walls  of  the 
stadium  the  players  fought  out  the  struggle 
to  the  end  without  suffering  the  inconven- 
ience usually  experienced  by  combatants 
on  an  Indian  summer  day. 

During  three-quarters  of  the  game  there 
was  nothing  to  indicate  the  sensational 
climax  with  which  the  Princeton  team  was 
to  mark  its  first  game  against  Yale  in  its 
new  football  arena.  Forced  to  take  the 
defensive  from  the  very  beginning  of  play, 
the  Tigers  showed  little  defensive  strength 
at  any  time,  and  the  blue  combination 
scored  in  each  quarter. 

The  contest  opened  with  an  exchange  of 
punts,  intermingled  with  the  efforts  of  the 
rival  quarterbacks  to  ascertain  the  strength 
and  weaknesses  of  their  opponents.  Prince- 
ton soon  found  that  she  could  make  no 
progress  either  through  the  line  or  around 
the  ends,  and  punted  at  every  opportunity. 
Yale  opened  with  an  assortment  of  stab- 
bing line  plunges  and  knife-like  dives  just 
outside  of  tackle.  The  progress,  however, 
was  not  rapid,  and  the  Elis  soon  fell  back 
on  their  mixture  of  forward  and  rugby 
passing.  The  initial  score  came  when,  hav- 
ing secured  the  ball  well  in  Princeton's 
territory,  Wilson  took  his  center's  pass  and, 
after  a  short  run  along  the  left  side  of 
Princeton's  line,  passed  the  ball  back  to 
Le  Gore.  The  powerful  Yale  fullback  in 
turn  ran  a  short  distance  and  made  a 
beautiful  forward  pass  to  Ainsworth,  who 
had  rushed  up-field,  and  the  latter  ran  more 
than  20  yards  for  a  touchdown,  from  which 
Le  Gore  failed  to  kick  goal. 

Similar  tactics  were  pursued  in  the  sec- 
ond period,  when  Yale,  with  short  gains 
by  line  plunges  and  overhead  passes, 
reached  a  point  inside  the  Tigers'  final  five- 
yard  mark.  Here  Princeton  held  firmly  and 


'  the  blue  was  obliged  to  seek  the  aerial  route 
for  scoring,  Le  Gore  making  a  short  pass 
over  the  line  to  Brann,  who  touched  down 
the  ball,  whereupon  Le  Gore  added  an  addi- 
tional point  by  a  goal  following  the  punt 
out. 

Scarcely  had  the  third  period  opened 
when  a  40-yard  forward  pass,  Le  Gore  to 
Brann,  gave  Yale  the  ball  inside  Prince- 
ton's 20-yard  mark.  Six  rushes,  in  which 
Scovil,  Wilson  and  Le  Gore  worked  alter- 
nately, put  the  ball  across  the  line  for 
Yale's  third  and  final  touchdown.  Le  Gore 
failed  to  kick  the  goal,  and  with  a  19-point 
lead  Coach  Hinkey  of  Yale  began  to  send 
in  his  substitutes. 

For  a  few  minutes  the  Eli  second  string 
of  players  held  the  Tigers  safe,  but  with 
the  opening  of  the  final  quarter  Princeton's 
jungle  men  took  heart  and  made  a  savage 
and  maintained  attack  on  Yale's  substi- 
tutes with  the  result  that  in  less  than  15 
minutes  they  had  rolled  up  14  points  and 
were  threatening  to  snatch  victory  from 
the  blue  when  time  expired. 

The  orange  and  black  team  played  like  a 
new  combination  after  the  final  minute  of 
rest,  opening  up  a  rushing  game  which 
swept  the  blues'  substitutes  off  their  feet. 
Three,  five  and  eight  yards  at  a  clip, 
Princeton's  juggernaut  rolled  up  the  field 
until  Moore,  on  a  zigzag  16-yard  run  which 
twice  carried  him  through  the  Yale  line 
and  secondary  defense,  went  over  for  the 
touchdown  from  which  Law  kicked  goal. 
Following  the  kick-off  came  an  exchange  of 
punts  and  then  the  Tigers  cut  loose  again, 
ramming  holes  through  the  Eli  forwards 
and  sweeping  around  the  end,  aided  by 
close  interference  until  Glick  plowed  his 
way  through  the  blue  combination  for  a 
second  touchdown  and  Law  kicked  goal. 

Hinkey  was  by  this  time  rushing  back 
his  'varsity  players  into  line  and  back- 
field,  but  the  Tiger,  once  he  tasted  Yale 
blood,  was  not  to  be  frightened  away. 
With  less  than  five  minutes  of  playing  time 
remaining,  Princeton  started  its  rush  for  a 
third  touchdown.  Capt  Talbott  urged  his 
players  frantically  to  make  a  last  stand, 
and  the  Elis  responded  nobly.  Princeton 
found  its  gains  cut  down  from  yards  to  feet 


SPORTS 


207 


and  resorted  to  forward  passes,  hoping  to 
gain  overhead  the  ground  denied  them  by 
straight  football  tactics.  Forward  pass 
after  forward  pass  was  flung  far  up  the 
field,  to  be  grounded  or  blocked  by  the 
blues'  alert  backfield  until,  when  the  timer's 
whistle  ended  the  struggle,  Princeton  was 
holding  the  ball  not  far  from  midfield. 

Aside  from  this  surprising  flash  of  offen- 
sive strength  in  the  last  quarter,  Princeton 
was  as  completely  outplayed  by  Yale  as  by 
Harvard  a  week  ago.  The  wide  open  attack 
in  which  the  blue  backfield  passed  the  ball 
from  player  to  player  in  runs  around  the 
end  and  then  suddenly  switched  to  long 
forward  passes,  appeared  to  bewilder  and 
dazzle  the  Tiger  line  and  secondary  defense 
just  as  much  as  the  crimson's  close  forma- 
tion and  concealed  ball  offense. 

The  jungle  team  appeared  to  have  little 
if  any  plan  of  campaign,  pimting  frequently 
upon  the  first  or  second  down  with  the 
apparent  idea  that  the  ends  would  recover 
the  ball  following  a  Yale  fumble.  In  this 
respect  the  Elis  refused  to  be  accommodat- 
ing, Le  Gore  and  Wilson  handling  Driggs's 
and  Law's  drives  cleanly  and  frequently 
running  the  ball  back  from  10  to  15  yards 
before  being  downed. 

Princeton  was  outdistanced  in  these  kick- 
ing duels,  Le  Gore  gaining  steadily  on  each 
exchange  of  punts  with  Driggs.  When 
these  gains  had  driven  the  Tigers  well  into 
their  own  territory  Yale  struck  viciously 
and,  with  a  bewildering  attack,  quickly 
carried  the  ball  over  for  a  score.  From  a 
defensive  standpoint  the  Yale  first-string 
team  was  never  in  danger  from  Princeton's 
attack,  and  it  was  not  until  the  second  and 
third-string  substitutes  went  in  that  the 
orange  and  black  football  machine  could 
make  consistent  progress. 

The  statistics  of  play  bear  out  the  superi- 
ority of  the  Yale  team.  Yale  gained  298 
yards  by  rushing  to  Princeton's  145  and 
made  15  first  downs  to  the  Tigers'  11.  Yale 
essayed  seven  forward  passes  to  Prince- 
ton's 10,  gaining  69  yards  to  Princeton's  0. 
Yale  punted  27  times  to  Princeton's  40  and 
showed  an  average  gain  of  close  to  four 
yards  in  each  exchange  of  punts. 

Penalties  were  numerous  throughout  the 


fom-  periods,  Yale  losing  80  yards  in  eight 
setbacks  to  Princeton's  60  in  seven  infringe- 
ments of  the  rules.  Yale  made  three  fum- 
bles to  Princeton's  one,  recovering  one  to 
Princeton's  two.  Including  the  original 
line-up,  substitutions  and  re-substitutions, 
57  players  took  part  in  the  game,  which  is 
in  all  probability  a  record  for  a  contest  of 
the  caliber  of  the  Yale-Princeton  match. 

While  in  all-around  team  work  Yale  out- 
shone Princeton,  the  Tigers  uncovered  sev- 
eral players  who  from  an  individual  stand- 
point held  their  own  with  the  Eli  stars. 
Capt  Ballin  was,  as  usual,  a  tower  of 
strength.  E.  Trenkmann  also  played  a 
splendid  game,  both  these  men  frequently 
penetrating  the  blue  backfield  and  stopping 
rushes  or  going  down  field  under  kicks  on  a 
line  with  their  ends.  Gennert's  passing  was 
at  times  ragged,  but  he  was  hurried  by  the 
concerted  charging  of  his  opponents.  In 
the  last  quarter  Dickerman  and  Glick 
showed  remarkable  ability  in  line  plunging 
and  end  runs,  frequently  carrying  several 
Yale  tacklers  from  one  to  three  yards  before 
they  were  finally  swept  from  their  feet. 

For  Yale,  Le  Gore  and  Scovil  were  the 
stars  from  an  offensive  standpoint.  When 
carrying  the  ball  they  kept  their  feet,  fol- 
lowing interference  or  finding  holes  in  the 
fine  with  remarkable  skill.  Le  Gore  also 
figured  prominently  in  the  forward  passing, 
his  long  spiral  heaves  to  Brann  and  Ains- 
worth  at  times  reaching  the  proportions  of 
a  kick.  Quarterback  Wilson  handled  his 
team  cleverly  and  selected  plays  with 
splendid  judgment. 

In  the  line  Capt  Talbott  played  a  game 
which  proved  that  he  has  fully  recovered 
from  his  injiuries  and  will  give  the  Harvard 
men  plenty  of  work  next  week  at  New 
Haven  in  the  closing  game  of  the  Yale  and 
Harvard  schedules. 


FOOTBALL  GAME 

Springfield  Republican 

Cambridge,  Saturday,  October  24. 
Harvard  narrowly  escaped  defeat  to-day 
by  Penn  State,  which  outplayed  the  crim- 
son in  all  departments.  The  score  ended  in 


208 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


a  tie,  13  to  13.  For  46  minutes  Penn  State 
drove  the  Harvard  'varsity  substitutes 
about  the  field,  and  scored  a  touchdo\\Ti 
and  a  goal  from  the  field  in  the  first  12  min- 
utes of  play. 

The  visitors  outrushed,  outkicked  and 
outmaneuvered  the  crimson,  but  lost  a 
chance  for  victory  through  two  costly 
fumbles.  In  the  second  period,  with  the 
score  10  to  0  against  it,  Harvard  recovered 
a  fumble  on  Penn  State's  eight-yard  line. 
On  three  attempts  Harvard  could  make  no 
gain,  but  a  score  came  when  C.  Coolidge 
caught  a  forward  pass  across  the  goal  line. 
Penn  State  increased  its  lead  to  13  points 
toward  the  end  of  the  game  on  another  field 
goal. 

Two  minutes  before  play  ended,  Harvard 
recovered  the  ball  on  a  fumble  on  the 
visitors'  40-yard  Hne.  On  the  second  play, 
three  rapidly-executed  lateral  passes,  based 
on  the  rugby  game,  as  recently  taught  the 
crimson  squad  by  the  Canadian  players, 
completely  mystified  Penn  State.  Willcox 
ran  the  distance  to  the  goal  line  for  the 
score.  He  was  tackled  with  a  yard  to  go, 
but  managed  to  fall  across  the  line.  Amid 
a  breathless  silence  Withington  kicked  goal 
and  the  score  was  tied. 

Penn  State  rushed  54  times  for  173  yards 
gain,  while  the  crimson  made  but  95  yards 
on  72  rushes.  Penn  State  had  six  first 
downs,  while  Harvard  made  but  two. 

Lamb,  Penn's  big  tackle,  booted  the  baU 
on  the  kick-off  to  Francke  on  Harvard's 
10-yard  line.  The  new  back  came  in  to  his 
own  32-yard  hne,  where  he  was  downed. 
On  the  third  play,  Francke  was  forced  to 
kick.  James  caught  the  ball  on  Penn's  30- 
yard  line,  returning  seven  yards.  Here  the 
Penn  State  power  flashed.  Tobin  snatched 
two  yards  at  right  tackle,  followed  by 
James,  who  made  a  quarterback  run  aroimd 
the  same  side  for  15  yards,  placing  the  ball 
past  midfield. 

Tobin  then,  huddled  behind  superb  in- 
terference, sped  around  Coolidge's  end  for 
25  yards.  After  two  plays  had  failed.  Lamb 
kicked  a  field  goal  for  Penn  State  from  the 
32-yard  line. 

Tobin  took  Bradlee's  kick-off  on  his  own 
13-yard  line  and  ran  it  back  21  yards. 


Higgins  then  slipped  around  right  end  for 
five  yards,  and  his  interference  so  success- 
fully smothered  Soucy  that  the  new  Har- 
vard end  was  carried  from  the  field.  At  the 
hospital  it  was  found  that  he  had  pulled  a 
ligament  in  his  right  leg,  which  was  badly 
bruised. 

It  was  not  long  after  the  first  score  that 
the  visitors  carried  the  ball  down  the  field 
again.  The  tally  came  after  McKinlock 
failed  to  make  a  drop  kick,  the  ball  falling 
into  James's  arms  on  his  five-yard  line. 
After  several  big  gains,  Clark  carried  the 
ball  over  on  a  delayed  run  around  left  end. 
Lamb  kicked  goal.  The  first  quarter  ended 
with  the  score  10  to  0,  in  favor  of  Penn 
State. 

Toward  the  end  of  the  second  period 
Harvard  got  a  chance  to  score.  On  the 
fourth  dowTi  Bradlee  kicked  to  James,  who 
was  downed  in  his  tracks  on  the  seven-yard 
line.  Penn  State  tried  another  trick  play 
and  again  a  fumble  lost  her  the  ball. 
Swigert  had  replaced  Watson  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  quarter.  He  dropped  back  and 
heaved  the  ball  to  C.  Coolidge,  who  stood 
with  one  foot  almost  on  the  line  marking 
the  limit  of  the  zone  behind  the  goal  line, 
when  he  successfully  pulled  down  the  ball 
for  a  touchdown.  Bradlee  failed  to  kick 
goal. 

About  the  end  of  the  last  quarter  Penn 
got  another  chance  to  score,  when  Tobin 
intercepted  a  forward  pass  from  Swigert. 
Lamb  booted  a  placement  goal  over  from 
the  26-yard  line,  making  the  score  13  to  6 
for  Penn.  There  were  only  six  minutes  to 
play  and  Harvard  was  desperate.  Willcox 
replaced  Rollins  at  left  half  and  made  it 
possible  for  Harvard  to  tie  the  score.  When 
James  fumbled  the  ball,  R.  C.  Cm-tis  gath- 
ered it  in  and  made  it  Harvard's  ball  on  the 
49-yard  line.  There  were  two  minutes  to 
play. 

On  the  first  play  there  was  a  general  mix- 
up,  and  suddenly  the  ball  shot  out  from 
the  Harvard  line  to  Willcox,  who  started 
like  a  shot  for  Penn's  goal  line.  He  dodged 
Barron,  and  then  went  flying  past  three 
more  backs.  The  last  five  yards  were  cov- 
ered with  Kratt  and  Higgins  hanging  to 
him,  but,  when  the  two  visitors  had  been 


SPORTS 


209 


peeled  off  Willcox,  the  ball  was  found  over 
the  line  by  several  inches.  Withington's 
sure  kick  tied  the  score  for  Harvard  with 
one  minute  left  to  play.  The  line-up:  — 

Harvard.  Penn  State. 

T.  J.  Coolidge,  C.  Coolidge,  1  e 

r  e,  Thomas,  Barron,  Morris 

R.  C.  Curtis,  Parson,  It r  t.  Lamb 

Underwood,  Withington,  1  g r  g,  McDonnell 

Wallace,  c c.  Wood 

Weston,  r  g 1  g.  Miller 

Bigelow,  r  t It,  Kratt 

Soucy,  Weatherhead,  re 1  e,  Higgins 

Watson,  Swigert,  q  b q  b,  James 

McKinlock,  Whitney,  Rollins,  Willcox,  1  h  b 

r  h  b,  Tobin 

Francke,  King,  r  h  b 1  h  b,  Welly,  Edgerton 

Bradlee,  McKinlock,  f  b f  b,  Clark 

Score,  Harvard  13,  Penn  State  13.  Touchdowns, 
C  Coolidge,  Willcox,  Clark.  Goals  from  touch- 
downs, Withington,  Lamb.  Goals  from  field.  Lamb 
2.  Referee,  W.  N.  Morne  of  Penn.  Umpire,  Fred  W. 
Murphy  of  Brown.  Head  linesman,  G  .V.  Brown  of 
Boston  A.  A.   Time,  So-minute  halves. 


ANALYSIS  OF  FOOTBALL  GAME 

New  York  Evening  Post 

(Condensed) 

BY  FAIR  PLAY. 

If  there  was  a  Yale  graduate  who  did 
not  feel  the  impulse  to  stand  in  his  place 
and  uncover  silently  to  a  little  knot  of 
athletes  in  blue  gathered  to  give  their  bull- 
dog bark  of  victory  at  the  close  of  a  bitterly 
fought  struggle  with  Princeton  in  the  Bowl 
on  Saturday,  that  graduate  had  lost  the 
edge  of  a  certain  fine  spirit  which  the  sons 
of  Eli  are  supposed  to  take  with  them  out 
into  the  world.  From  their  seats  the  under- 
graduates stormed  on  to  the  field,  gyrating 
in  their  uncontained  exuberance,  cheer- 
ing, shouting,  writhing  in  the  intricacies  of 
the  snake  dance.  And  they  did  well,  these 
ebullient  undergrads — precisely  what  they 
should  have  done;  but  to  the  thinking  Yale 
men  whose  remoteness  from  their  student 
days  has  seen  year  piled  on  year,  there  must 
have  come  deeper  emotions  which  made, 
shall  we  say,  for  reverence,  rather  than  for 
the  casting  off  of  mental,  not  to  say  physi- 
cal, restraint.  For  the  Yale  eleven  did  a 
memorable  thing  on  Saturday.  Through 
sheer  spirit,   through  indomitable  deter- 


mination, through  utter  willingness  to  give 
the  final  measure  of  physical  sacrifice,  those 
men  of  Yale  lifted  from  the  muck  a  bedrag- 
gled, bedaubed  blue  banner,  holding  it  on 
high  so  that  it  floated  and  snapped  proudly 
once  more,  glorified  by  the  light  of  victory. 
It  was  fine.  It  meant  more,  that  victory — 
stood  for  more — than  the  mere  winning  of 
a  football  game.  It  went  deep  into  the  roots 
of  extra-curricular  endeavor  and  gave  that 
sanction  for  intercollegiate  contest  which 
does  not  always  appear.  The  elements  that 
won  that  game  against  a  powerful,  spirited 
rival  are  elements  that  not  even  the  most 
dryasdust  pedant,  wedded  to  the  scholastic 
cloister,  can  talk  down.  And  it  is  good  for 
Yale  or  any  other  university,  to  have  these 
developed  upon  the  field  of  competitive 
athletics  as  in  other  departments  of  college 
life,  essential  and  subsidiary.  In  the  matter 
of  Saturday's  game,  this  applies  as  much  to 
those  who,  filled  with  foreboding,  assembled 
none  the  less  thousands  upon  thousands  to 
cheer  and  sing  for  Yale,  as  to  the  players. 

"I  don't  know  that  we  can  hold  Prince- 
ton," said  a  Yale  coach  a  few  hours  before 
the  contest.  "  Privately,  I  don't  think  we 
can.  But  you  may  count  upon  this:  not  a 
man  of  Yale  will  yield  to-day  until  he  is 
carried  from  the  field." 

That  was  the  spirit  that  won  for  Yale, 

the  spirit  that  won  against  an  eleven  better 

equipped  to  play  finished  football,  against 

an  outfit  which  gained  two  yards  to  Yale's 

one,   which  made  twelve  first  downs  to 

Yale's  four. 

*     *     * 

If  the  Tigers  had  not  matched  the  best 
fighting  qualities  of  Princeton  spirit  against 
the  best  that  Yale  spirit  stands  for  the 
lustre  of  Yale's  feat  would  not  have  been 
so  bright — would  have  lost  much  of  its  sig- 
nificance. But  that  grim,  undying  quality, 
win  or  lose,  that  Princeton  partisans  look 
for  and  expect  was  not  lacking  in  the  Orange 
and  Black.  The  contest  was  fought  out  to 
the  end,  with  the  enormous  throng  stand- 
ing spellbound,  cheers  and  inarticulate  cries 
muffled  in  their  throats,  watching  the  bal- 
ance of  victory  as  it  inclined  this  way  and 
that.  The  contest  had  not  the  technical 
exceUence  of  some   big  games  we  have 


210 


TYPES   OF   NEWS   WRITING 


seen — from  this  standpoint  the  Harvard- 
Princeton  game  was  superior — but  in  its 
spectacular  characteristics,  in  its  sequence 
of  thrills,  in  its  swift,  shutthng  changes,  it 
stood  out  by  itself. 

#    *    » 

In  Princeton  Yale  defeated  an  eleven 
which  possessed  a  stronger  and  more  varied 
attack,  with  a  defence  which  could  keep 
the  Blue  from  rushing  the  ball  into  what 
may  be  termed  promising  touchdown  terri- 
tory. In  all  that  the  term  implies  the  Tigers 
had  a  machine  which  was  superior  to  the 
Yale  machine,  inasmuch  as  it  had  the  power 
not  only  to  gain  in  midfield,  but  to  cross 
the  chalk  marks.  The  Tigers  made  one 
touchdown  by  clean  rushing  and  forward 
passing,  and  had  a  break  not  occurred  at 
the  supreme  moment,  her  rushing  prowess 
in  the  last  quarter  would  have  been  re- 
warded by  another  touchdown.  Further 
Click's  generalship  was  execrable  upon 
many  occasions.  In  the  first  quarter  Wilson 
dropped  a  long  booming  punt  from  Driggs, 
and  Highlej',  picking  it  up  on  the  bound, 
was  tackled  one  stride  short  of  getting  clear 
for  a  touchdown.  The  ball  was  on  Yale's 
thirty-yard  line.  Now,  instead  of  going 
outside  tackle,  Princeton  essayed  a  series 
of  centre  bucks  with  quarter  and  halves, 
which  every  Princeton  scout  must  have 
told  Glick  could  not  succeed  against  Yale. 
Thus  the  downs  were  exhausted.  Guernsey 
punted  weakly  from  his  twenty-yard  line, 
giving  Princeton  the  ball  on  Yale's  twenty- 
seven-yard  mark,  where  instead  of  going 
off  tackle  or  around  the  end  Princeton  tried 
two  line  plunges  and  then  threw  the  ball 
away  by  a  forward  pass  over  the  goal  line, 
the  same  being  translated  automatically 
into  a  touchback  for  Yale.  Thereafter, 
throughout  the  game,  Princeton  turned 
time  and  again  to  centre  plunges,  usually 
unsuccessfully,  whereas  not  many  of  her 
sweeps  arovmd  the  Yale  wings  failed  to  gain 
materially.  They  say  her  gains  in  this  way 
were  sporadic,  but  this  was  only  because 
the  play  was  attempted  sporadically.  Nas- 
sau's off-tackle  plays  and  delayed  passes 
gained  a  great  deal  of  ground  and  put  Yale 
in  danger  more  than  once;  yet  usually  a 
down  or  two  were  used  up  on  centre  bucks, 


when  Princeton  should  have  known  she 
was  wasting  her  strength.  Where  Yale  was 
vastly  superior  to  Princeton  was  in  follow- 
ing the  ball  and  in  holding  it. 
*    *    » 
Yale's  first  goal  was  clean  and  untar- 
nished.  Guernsey  kicked  it  from  the  fifty- 
three-yard  line,  and  it  was  as  fine  an  effort 
as  I  have  ever  seen.    The  ball  struck  the 
cross  bar  and  toppled  over.    But  Yale's 
second  field  goal  was  a  direct  gift  from 
Princeton.    Brown  was  sent  in  to  relieve 
Highley  and  committed  the  gross  and  in- 
excusable error  of  speaking  to  Capt.  Glick 
before  reporting  to  the  referee.  The  referee 
promptly  and  justly  set  Princeton  back 
fifteen  yards  to  her  own  twenty -eight  yard 
line.    After  two  rushes  had  failed  to  gain, 
Yale    did    the    obvious    thing;    she    sent 
Guernsey  back  to  kick  a  field  goal.  This  he 
did.  Princeton  then  fell  to  work  and  rushed 
the  ball  downfield  to  the  Yale  goal  line, 
where  the  ball  was  held  directly  on  the  final 
chalk-mark  before  it  was  finally  pushed 
an   inch  or  two  over;  it  was  a  splendid 
piece  of  grim  defence  by  Yale,  but  the 
ball  was  too  close.    Thus  the  half  ended. 
The  half  was  characterized  by  a  piece  of 
roughness  on  the  part  of  a  Princeton  man 
who  hurled  himself  upon  a  prostrate  Yale 
receiver  of  a  forward  pass  after  he  had  been 
downed.    Princeton  was  justly  penalized 
for  undue  roughness,  as  she  was  in  the  last 
period  when  a  Princetonian  roughed  a  Yale 
player  in  a  play  which  ended  out  of  bounds. 
Such  incidents  leave  a  bad  taste  in  the 
mouth.    It  was  done  in  the  heat  of  a  hot 
game,  and  no  injury  resulted  because  of  no 
real  design  to  injure,  but  that  is  no  excuse. 
»     *     * 
The  second  half  assumed  a  blue  tinge 
almost  immediately  when  Tibbott  dropped 
a   long   spiral   from   Guernsey   and   Way 
picked  up  the  ball  and  ran  for  a  touchdown. 
The  remainder  of  the  third  period  was  char- 
acterized by  one  or  two  well-worked  for- 
ward passes  and  some  goodly  gains  off 
tackle  by  Princeton,  with  Yale  on  the  de- 
fensive  satisfied   as   matters   stood.     The 
fourth  period  saw  Princeton  hungry  for  a 
score,  playing  like  all-possessed,  with  Yale 
conducting  herself  cautiously,  and  always 


SPORTS 


211 


seeking  to  get  Guernsey  in  a  position  to 
drop  a  field  goal.  But  the  Elis — who  were 
not  able  to  make  a  first  down  in  this  half — 
would  not  have  got  sufficiently  near  to 
Princeton's  goal  to  try  a  kick  for  score  had 
not  Dickerman  dropped  a  Yale  punt  on  his 
eighteen-yard  line,  Yale  recovering.  The 
Blue  could  not  gain,  but  profited  by  Dick- 
erman's  fumble  to  the  extent  of  giving 
Guernsey  a  chance  for  a  dropkick.  He  made 
the  goal  cleanly,  but  it  did  not  count  be- 
cause of  holding  on  the  part  of  Yale;  the 
holding  may  or  may  not  have  affected  the 
success  of  the  kick,  but  rules  are  rules,  and 
the  holding  was  obvious  even  to  some  of  the 
spectators.  A  few  minutes  later  Princeton, 
with  Moore  in  the  lineup,  took  advantage 
of  a  weak  punt  against  the  wind  by  Guern- 
sey and  unleashed  an  irresistible  attack, 
which  started  from  Yale's  thirty-two-yard 
line.  End-runs  and  off-tackle  plays,  with  a 
forward  pass  to  spread  Yale's  defence,  took 
the  ball  to  Eli's  seven-yard  line.  Here  was 
what  the  Princeton  adherents  had  been 
looking  for;  the  multitude  of  sixty-odd 
thousand  became  so  quiet  that  the  quarter- 
back's signals  echoed  and  reechoed  through- 
out the  immense  amphitheatre.  An  assault 
at  the  line  was  killed  for  a  loss.  Then,  with 
the  Yale  defence  packed  closely  to  the  left, 
Glick  took  the  ball  and  gave  it  to  Dicker- 
man.  The  Yale  defence  dashed  straight  in. 
The  fleet-footed  Moore,  sprinting  to  the 
right,  was  completely  clear.  Dickerman 
threw  the  ball  to  him  laterally.  It  was  not 
a  perfect  throw,  but  it  was  within  reach  of 
the  fast-running  Moore,  who,  with  a  clean 
catch,  could  have  walked  over  the  goal- 
line.  But  it  glanced  from  his  fingers.  He 
still  had  time  to  pick  it  up  on  the  bound  and 
score;  the  oval  hit  his  knee  and  bounded 
over  the  side-line,  in  touch.  Right  there 
waned  and  flickered  Princeton's  last  hope, 
a  hope  valiantly  essayed,  a  hope  which  died 
at  the  moment  when  it  was  being  translated 
into  a  flaming  reality.  The  contest  ended  a 
few  minutes  later.  In  justice  to  Moore  it 
may  be  said  that  Dickerman's  toss  might 
have  been  better  done.  It  came  too  swift, 
too  much  in  a  line,  still,  the  throw  might 
have  been  spoiled  had  it  gone  too  slowly. 


Where  Yale  shone,  wherein  she  has  hope 
to  make  trouble  for  Harvard,  is  in  her 
punting  and  drop-kicking,  her  down  field 
ability  and  sharp  tackling  of  her  team ;  the 
close,  unerring  following  of  the  ball  and  the 
splendid  spirit  of  the  players  individually, 
and  as  a  whole.  Her  wing  defence  and  de- 
fence off  tackle  must  improve  between  now 
and  next  Saturday,  probably  will.  Her 
forward-passing  game  is  not  dangerous, 
and  she  launches  a  driving  attack  from  her 
Minnesota  shift  formation  better  qualified 
for  midfield  gains  than  for  gains  inside  her 
opponent's  thirty-five-yard  line.  Perhaps 
she  can  work  up  her  off-tackle  slashes  so 
that  they  will  carry  farther  than  they  did 
against  Princeton,  but  if  she  can  repeatedly 
get  Guernsey  anywhere  from  Harvard's 
forty-yard  line  on  she  may  not  need  touch- 
downs in  order  to  win.  For  Guernsey  is  a 
toe  artist  of  real  stature.  As  to  the  Yale 
players  individually  it  is  impossible  to 
speak,  because  not  being  numbered,  the 
various  men  were  identified  only  by  word 
of  mouth  and  word  of  mouth  is  usually  in- 
accurate and  misleading.  Guernsey,  of 
course,  was  recognized  because  he  did  the 
punting,  and  Way  was  known  because  he 
was  prominent  as  a  baseball  pitcher  and, 
besides,  wore  no  head  guard.  But  as  to  the 
exact  identity  of  most  of  the  rest  I  have  no 
notion  upon  which  I  may  rely.  One  of  the 
Yale  halfbacks  played  a  slashing  game 
offensively,  and  the  entire  backfield  shone 
in  returning  punts  and  kickoffs.  The  three 
centre  men  were  impregnable,  but  the 
tackles  and  ends  worked  inconsistently  on 
off -tackle  plays  and  end  runs.  Harvard 
may  take  some  unction  in  the  fact  that 
Yale  can  still  be  fooled  by  an  elusive  attack. 
Yale's  basket  formation  for  forward-pass 
defence,  four  men  back,  was  well  conceived 
— it  was  patterned  after  the  Harvard  de- 
fence— but  her  normal  defensive  arrange- 
ment of  backs,  three  abreast,  twelve  yards 
back,  is  open  to  grave  criticism.  She  got 
her  shift  into  action  in  good  style,  and  the 
backs  started  quickly.  She  lacks  long-gain 
plays. 

4:         4:         * 

John  Rush  has  not  the  slightest  cause  for 
being  disheartened  over  the  results  of  his 


212 


TYPES   OF  NEWS   WRITING 


first  season's  work.  He  gave  to  Princeton 
the  first  offensive  team  she  has  had  since 
1899,  a  team  which  made  a  splendid  repu- 
tation up  to  her  big  games,  both  of  which, 
as  a  matter  of  fact,  might  have  been  won 
under  different  circumstances.  Rush  con- 
structed an  engine,  a  strong,  impressive 
engine,  several  parts  of  which  snapped 
under  high  tension  in  the  course  of  the  two 
supreme  tests.  In  no  way  can  Rush  be 
charged  with  the  loss  of  either  game.  In 
both,  failures  came  through  manual  errors 
on  the  part  of  individuals,  and  these  no 
coach  can  prevent.  Vide  Haughton  and  the 
Harvard-Cornell  game.  Princeton  in  Rush 
has  a  rare  jewel,  who  has  made  good  con- 
vincingly. 


BASEBALL  GAME 

Boston  Post 

NEW  YORK,  Aug.  22.— New  York 
made  it  two  straight  over  Chicago  today, 
winning  the  second  game  of  the  series  by  a 
score  of  8  to  1.  Cheney  was  wild  and  in- 
effective in  the  third  inning,  when  the  cham- 
pions took  a  winning  lead  by  scoring  three 
runs.  Vaughn,  a  former  member  of  the 
New  York  Americans,  who  is  trying  to 
come  back  with  Chicago,  was  not  hard  hit, 
but  the  champions  bunched  their  three  hits 
with  liis  two  passes  for  four  runs. 

Tesreau,  the  New  York  pitcher,  was  very 
wild,  but  the  Chicago  batsmen  could  not 
hit  him  with  men  on  bases.  Zimmerman 
fouled  out  twice  with  the  bases  full.  Chi- 
cago filled  the  bases  in  the  first  inning  with 
none  out,  on  Leach's  triple  and  passes  to 
Evers  and  Schulte.  Only  one  run  was 
scored,  however,  Saier's  infield  out  putting 
over  the  tally.  New  York  tied  the  score  in 
the  second  on  Merkle's  single  and  steal, 
Snodgrass'  infield  out  and  McLean's  single. 
Three  runs  followed  when  Cheney  hit  two 
men,  issued  a  pass  and  was  hit  for  a  single 
and  a  double. 

Herzog  made  two  doubles  and  a  single  in 
four  times  up,  and  was  responsible  for  five 
of  the  New  York  runs,  driving  in  two  and 
scoring  three.  Archer,  the  Chicago  catcher, 
had  a  bad  day.   Five  bases  were  stolen  on 


him,  and  he  had  two  passed  balls,  one  of 
which  let  in  a  run. 
The  score: 

NEW  YORK.           AB.  R.  BH.  TB.  PO.  A.  E. 

Burns,  If 3  1  0  0  1  0       0 

Shafer,  2b 2  1  0  0  1  5       0 

Fletcher,  ss 2  2  0  0  0  3       0 

Herzog,  3b 4  3  3  5  2  00 

Merkle,  lb 4  1  2  2     10  0       0 

Murray,  rf 4  0  1  1  3  0       0 

Snodgrass,  cf 3  0  0  0  4  0       0 

McLean,  c 4  0  1  1  6  0       0 

Tesreau,  p 4  0  0  0  0  3       0 


Totals 30 


7       9     27     11       0 


CHICAGO. 


AB.  R.  BH.  TB.  PO.  A.  E. 


Leach,  cf 4  1  1  3 

Evers,  2b 2  0  0  0 

Schulte,  rf 3  0  1  1 

Zimmerman,  3b 4  0  1  1 

Saier,  lb 3  0  1  1 

Williams,  If 4  0  0  0 

Bridwell,  ss 3  0  0  0 

Archer,  c 4  0  1  1 

Cheney,  p 1  0  0  0 

aStewart 1  0  0  0 

Vaughn,  p 1  0  0  0 

fcGood 1  0  0  0 


Totals 31       1       5       7     24     12       1 

aBatted  for  Cheney  in  the  fifth. 

feBatted  for  Vaughn  in  the  ninth. 

New  York 0     1301030—8 

Chicago 1     0    0     0    0     0    0    0  0—1 

Two-base  hits — Herzog  2.  Three-base  hit — Leach. 
Stolen  bases — Burns,  Merkle  2,  Murray,  Herzog. 
Double  play — Fletcher  to  Shafer  to  Merkle.  First 
base  on  balls — Off  Tesreau  6,  o5  Cheney  3,  off 
Vaughn  2.  Hit  by  pitcher — Fletcher,  Snodgrass  (by 
Cheney).  Passed  balls — Archer  2.  Hits — Off  Cheney 
4  in  4  innings,  off  Vaughn  3  in  4  innings.  Time — Ih. 
60m.   Umpires — Rigler  and  Byron. 


BASEBALL  GAME 

Boston  Globe 

BY    T.    H.    MURNANE. 

The  fourth  game  of  the  important  series 
with  the  Detroit  Tigers  at  Fenway  Park 
was  a  clean-cut  victory  for  the  Boston 
team  by  a  score  of  2  to  1 . 

It  was  a  great  pitchers'  battle  between 
Coveleskie,  the  left-hander,  and  Ernie 
Shore,  and  the  Boston  man  won  out  by 
outstaying  the  Tiger  pitcher. 

It  was  the  second  time  that  Coveleskie 
has  worked  in  the  series  here,  while  Boston 


SPORTS 


213 


presented  Shore  for  the  first  time,  although 
he  proved  by  far  the  strongest  boxman  the 
club  had  to  tame  the  Tigers  with. 

The  visitors  started  off  in  a  savage  man- 
ner on  the  Boston  pitcher,  scoring  their 
only  run  on  three  singles  in  succession. 
After  that  Shore  seemed  to  find  himself, 
and  with  the  assistance  of  some  clever 
throwing  to  second  by  Forrest  Cady  and 
grand  ground-covering  by  the  Boston  out- 
field, as  well  as  smooth  work  around  the  in- 
field, Shore  prevented  the  Tigers  from 
making  the  rounds  of  the  bases  after  the 
first  inning. 

The  Boston  run  that  tied  the  score  in 
the  second  was  a  gift  by  Owen  Bush,  who 
made  a  wild  throw  to  first  on  Barry's 
grounder,  and  the  winning  run  was  scored 
in  the  seventh  inning  on  a  single  by  Lewis 
and  a  double  by  Barry,  Crawford  allowing 
the  ball  to  pass  him  while  making  a  great 
try  for  a  low  drive. 

The  intense  rivalry  between  the  two 
teams,  although  subdued,  was  visible  in 
many  ways;  and  yet  the  game  went  off 
smoothly,  as  most  games  do  when  umpired 
by  Billy  Evans,  and  the  large  crowd  was 
delighted  with  its  afternoon's  outing. 


It  was  Rockland  Day  at  Fenway  Park 
and  fully  1000  fans  were  present  from  that 
energetic  town.  Before  the  game  they 
marched  around  the  field  to  the  music  of  a 
band;  then  they  were  ushered  into  the  right 
wing  of  the  grandstand,  where  they  had  a 
delightful  afternoon,  rooting  for  the  Red 
Sox  and  punctuating  their  applause  with 
the  bass  drum. 

As  Rockland  is  a  town  where  President 
Lannin  spent  many  of  his  boyhood  days, 
he  was  especially  delighted  to  see  such  a 
splendid  gathering.  A  beautiful  gold  watch 
and  chain  were  presented  to  the  Red  Sox 
president. 

There  was  also  a  large  delegation  of 
Boston  waiters  present  as  President  Lan- 
nin's  guests,  and  still  another  large  delega- 
tion will  be  out  today.  As  the  waiters  could 
not  all  leave  business  at  once,  they  split  up 
their  calls  between  two  games. 

The  attendance  given  out,  11,315,  did 


not  include  the  fans  from  Rockland  or  the 
waiters  from  Boston. 

The  day  was  dark  and  cloudy,  and  before 
three  innings  were  over  a  light  sprinkUng 
of  rain  caused  the  fans  in  the  bleachers  to 
make  for  the  covered  pavilions,  where  they 
were  allowed  to  go.  There  was  quite  a 
heavy  sprinkle  again  in  the  fifth  inning, 
but  the  game  went  on,  with  a  strong,  cold 
wind  blowing  across  the  field. 

So  intensely  interesting  was  the  game 
that  the  fans  sat  as  if  glued  to  their  seats 
until  the  last  man  went  out,  when  a  good, 
stiff  shout  went  up  for  the  Speed  Boys,  and 
the  Tigers  walked  off  the  field  sore  to  the 
quick  and  in  the  worst  kind  of  humor  for 
fan  talk. 


With  one  out  in  the  first  inning.  Bush 
singled.  Cobb  hit  safely  to  center  on  the 
first  ball.  Crawford  singled  over  second, 
scoring  Bush.  Veach  was  thrown  out  at 
first,  and  Burns  was  disposed  of  by  Janvrin, 
Boston  getting  out  of  a  very  bad  corner. 
The  Red  Sox  went  out  in  order  on  three 
weak  infield  flies. 

In  the  second  Young  was  safe  at  first  on 
a  wild  throw  by  Cady.  Baker  hit  to  Janvrin, 
who  refused  to  toss  the  ball  to  Barry,  but 
instead  ran  to  second,  touched  the  bag  and 
threw  wild  to  first.  No  damage  was  done, 
however,  as  Coveleskie  flied  to  left  and  Vitt 
was  thrown  out  at  first. 

Gainor  was  hit  by  a  pitched  ball  and 
sacrificed  to  second  by  Lems.  Gardner 
struck  out.  Barry  hit  a  ball  to  short  that 
Bush  took  well  back  of  the  line  and  threw 
short  to  first,  the  ball  bounding  over  Burns' 
shoulder  and  allowing  Gainor  to  score  the 
tying  run. 

Bush  opened  the  third  with  a  single. 
Cobb  smashed  a  liner  to  center  that 
Speaker  made  a  great  catch  of.  Then 
Crawford  and  Veach  sent  high  flies  to  the 
outfield.  Boston  could  make  no  headway 
against  the  Tiger  pitcher. 

In  the  fourth  inning  both  teams  went 
out  in  order.  Gainor,  having  reached  first, 
was  doubled  up  on  Lewis'  grounder  to  the 
pitcher. 

In  the  fifth,  with  two  down,  Bush  was 


214 


TYPES  OF  NEWS  WRITING 


given  a  base  hit  when  Janvrin  failed  to 
get  a  ball  that  came  to  him  on  a  merry 
bound.  Cobb  got  in  a  scratch  single,  and 
with  big  Sam  Crawford  up  it  was  a  trying 
moment  until  he  sent  a  long  fly  that 
Speaker  pulled  down. 

With  two  down  in  this  inning,  Cady 
dropped  one  in  right  field  for  two  bases, 
to  see  Shore  thrown  out  at  first. 

The  Tigers  went  out  in  order  in  the  sixth. 
Young,  drawing  a  pass,  was  nailed  when  he 
tried  for  second,  as  Cady  was  in  fine  throw- 
ing form.  Janvrin  was  hit  by  a  pitched  ball, 
but  never  left  first. 

With  two  down  in  the  seventh,  Vitt 
singled  and  tried  for  second,  but  again 
Cady's  throw  was  perfect. 

Lewis  led  off  with  a  single  to  center. 
Gardner  was  patient  and  got  Coveleskie 
in  for  three  balls.  Then  came  two  strikes 
and  Larry  was  forced  to  hit.  Young  hand- 
ling his  fast  grounder  in  fine  style.  Barry 
hit  a  low  finer  to  right  that  Crawford  made 
a  great  try  for,  the  ball  hitting  the  ground 
and  rolhng  past  him,  Lewis  scoring  what 
proved  to  be  the  winning  run. 

It  was  now  up  to  the  Red  Sox  to  hold 
their  advantage  and  keep  the  Tigers  from 
scoring.  Bush,  a  hard  man  to  get,  was 
called  out  on  strikes.  Shore  displaying  re- 
markably clever  form  at  this  stage  of  the 
game.  Cobb  was  forced  to  hit,  as  Shore 
was  putting  the  ball  over  the  center  of  the 
pen.  Ty  missed  twice  and  then  hit  a  sharp 
groimder  that  Janvrin  played  to  first. 
Crawford  sent  one  to  Hooper  and  things 
brightened  for  the  home  team. 


In  the  ninth  Veach  smashed  a  Une  fly  to 
right  that  Hooper  timed  to  a  nicety  while 
playing  very  deep  and  pulled  down  after  a 
sharp  run.  Burns  smashed  the  first  ball  to 
the  bank  in  left  center  for  two  bases,  and 
the  Tigers  got  busy  on  the  coaching  fines 
and  in  the  dugout,  cheering  hke  wild  men 
for  a  hit. 

Kavanagh  was  sent  in  to  bat  for  Young, 
and  drew  a  pass,  as  Shore  would  not  take  a 
chance  to  groove  a  ball  for  this  slugger. 
McKee  went  to  bat  for  Baker  and  was 
thrown  out  by  Shore. 


With  men  at  third  and  second,  where  a 
hit  would  more  than  fikely  win  the  game 
for  the  Tigers,  Dubuc  was  sent  in  to  bat  for 
Coveleskie,  with  two  down,  and  he  smashed 
away  at  the  first  ball  dished  up,  driving  the 
leather  to  left  center,  where  Speaker  pulled 
it  down  after  a  sharp  run,  and  the  game 
was  over. 

The  best  fielding  features  were  furnished 
by  Bush,  who  displayed  remarkable  ability 
in  covering  ground,  really  making  hard 
plays  easy  by  his  phenomenally  quick 
starts.  Hooper  and  Speaker,  as  well  as 
Barry  and  Cady,  did  some  sharp  fielding 
for  the  Red  Sox. 

But  to  Shore  belongs  about  75  per  cent 
of  the  glory  for  winning  the  game,  for  after 
the  first  inning  he  settled  down  and  was 
steady  as  well  as  effective.  He  was  given 
what  belonged  to  him  by  Umpire  Evans, 
and  was  not  forced  to  suffer  as  the  other 
Boston  pitchers  were,  with  Mr.  Chill  be- 
hind the  plate.  The  score: 

•  BOSTON                AB  R  BH  TB  PO  A  E 

Hooper  rf 4  0  0  0  2  0  0 

Janvrin  ss 3  0  1  1  2  3  0 

Speaker  cf 4  0  0  0  4  0  0 

Gainer  lb 2  1  0  0  11  0  0 

Lewis  If 3  1  1  1  2  0  0 

Gardner  3b 3  0  0  0  0  1  0 

Barry  2b 3  0  1  2  2  4  0 

Cady  c 3  0  1  2  4  2  1 

Shore  p 3  0  0  0  0  2  0 

Totals 28  2  4  6  27  12  1 

DETROIT 

Vitt  3b 4  0  1  1  1  0  0 

Bush  S3 4  1  3  3  2  3  1 

Cobb  cf 4  0  2  2  1  0  0 

Crawford  rf 4  0  1  1  0  0  0 

Veach  If 4  0  0  0  1  0  0 

Burns  lb 4  0  1  2  11  0  0 

Young  2b 2  0  0  0  3  4  0 

Baker  c 3  0  0  0  5  0  0 

Coveleskie  p 3  0  0  0  0  4  0 

*Kavanagh 0  0  0  0  0  0  0 

tMcKee 1  0  0  0  0  0  0 

tDubue 1  0  0  0  0  0  0 

Totals 34       1       8       9     24     11       1 

*Batted  for  Young  in  ninth.    fBatted  for  Baker 

in  ninth.   JBatted  for  Coveleskie  in  ninth. 

Innings 1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8     9 

Boston 0     1000010       —2 

Detroit 1     0     0    0    0     0     0     0     0—1 

Earned  runs,   Detroit,   Boston.    Two-base  hits, 

Cady,  Burns,  Barry.   Sacrifice  hit,  Lewis.   Base  on 


SPORTS 


215 


balls,  by  Shore  2,  by  Coveleskie.  First  base  on 
errors,  Boston,  Detroit.  Left  on  bases,  Boston  5, 
Detroit  7.  Struck  out,  by  Shore  4,  by  Coveleskie  3. 
Double  play,  Coveleskie,  Young  and  Burns.  Hit  by 
pitched  ball,  by  Coveleskie,  Janvrin,  Gainer.  Time, 
Ih  52m.   Umpires,  Evans  and  Chill. 


BASEBALL  GAME 

New  York  Times 

Look;  there  he  goes!! 

Ty  Cobb  is  loose  again  on  a  base  gallop- 
ing spree.  He  romps  to  first  on  a  single. 
Slim  Caldwell  pitches  to  Nunamaker,  and 
the  ball  nestles  in  his  big  mitt.  Cobb,  a  few 
feet  off  first,  suddenly  bolts  into  action  and 
races  to  second.  Nunamaker,  amazed  at 
the  Georgian's  daring,  stands  dumfounded. 

He  throws  the  ball  to  Dan  Boone  just 
as  the  Southern  Flyer  jumps  into  second 
base.  The  steel  spikes  flash  in  the  waning 
sun  and  Cobb  is  lost  in  a  cloud  of  dust. 
Nunamaker's  nervous  toss  rolls  into  centre 
field  and  the  Georgia  Gem  bounds  to  his 
feet  and  tears  to  third.  He's  as  safe  as  the 
Bank  of  England.  Cobb's  sarcastic  smile 
angers  his  hoodwinked  opponents. 

Now  the  speed-crazed  comet  dashes  up 
and  down  the  third-base  Une,  trying  to 
rattle  Caldwell.  Will  Cobb  have  the  nerve 
to  try  to  steal  home?  You  said  it;  he  will. 
Caldwell  doesn't  think  so.  No  one  thinks 
so,  but  Cobb.  The  Yanks'  lanky  pitcher 
hurls  the  ball  at  the  batsman  like  a  rifle 
ball.  As  the  ball  left  his  hand  Cobb  bounded 
over  the  ground  hke  a  startled  deer. 

At  the  plate  crouched  Nunamaker.  He 
was  so  surprised  that  he  didn't  know  his 
own  name.  Cobb  dashed  through  the  air 
toward  the  scoring  pan.  His  lithe  body 
swerved  away  from  Nunamaker's  reach 
and  clouds  of  dirt  kicked  up  by  his  spikes 
blinded  the  eyes  of  Nunamaker,  Caldwell, 
and  Silk  O'Loughhn. 

The  umpire  ruled  that  the  catcher  didn't 
touch  Cobb.  He  also  ruled  that  Cobb 
hadn't  touched  the  plate.  While  the 
Yankee  players  were  protesting  Cobb 
sneaked  around  the  bunch  and  touched  the 
plate. 


A  smart  young  feller,  this  same  Cobb. 

The  bold  piracy  of  Captain  Kidd  was 
Uke  taking  ice-cream  cones  from  children 
compared  with  that.  Caldwell  threw  his 
glove  high  in  the  air  in  derision  at  O'Lough- 
hn's  decision.  Naturally  Caldwell  and 
Nunamaker  were  in  a  very  disturbed  state 
of  mind. 

So  is  a  man  when  a  "dip"  relieves  him 
of  his  watch-chain  and  wallet.  Cobb  pulled 
the  wool  over  their  ej-es  hke  a  "sharper" 
unloading  mining  stock  on  a  Rube.  Cald- 
well was  put  out  of  the  game  for  being  mad 
because  Cobb  had  outwitted  him. 

Aside  from  this  outburst  of  daring  the 
Southern  Flyer  also  contributed  all  the 
other  means  whereby  the  Detroits  were 
able  to  shut  out  the  Yankees  at  the  Polo 
Grounds  yesterday  by  a  score  of  3  to  0. 
Oscar  Vitt  had  teased  a  pass  from  Caldwell 
in  the  first  inning.  Cobb  strutted  chestily 
to  the  bat.  From  the  coaching  lines  pearls 
of  oratorical  wisdom  began  to  drop  from 
Hughie  Jennings's  chiseled  lips. 

It  sounded  hke  this:  "Come  on  you,  Ty 
boy,  attababy.  Only  one  out,  O,  Ty. 
Bring  'em  in;  you  kin  do  it.  Old  pepperino, 
Ty  boy.  Attaway  to  hit  a  baseball.  E-E- 
E-Eh  Yah,  here  we  go." 

Cobb  gracefully  swung  on  the  ball.  With 
a  resounding  crash  it  started  on  its  dizzy 
flight  between  right  and  centre  fields.  The 
Georgia  racer  gathered  speed  as  he  went 
along.  Bounding  over  the  ground  like  a 
phantom,  he  turned  first,  flashed  past  sec- 
ond, and  pulled  up  smiling  at  third,  with 
Vitt  already  over  the  pan.  Cobb's  batting 
.400.  Going  up? 

Then  came  old  Sam  Crawford,  Cobb's 
partner  in  the  pitcher-wrecking  business. 
Sam  would  never  leave  his  friend  Cobb 
stranded  like  a  wooden  Indian  on  the  bases, 
not  if  he  could  help  it.  Crawford  reasoned 
this  way.  He  figured  that  if  he  didn't  pro- 
pel TjTus  home,  Cobb  would  steal  home, 
anyway,  and  cause  the  Yankees  a  lot  of 
embarrassment.  So  Wahoo  Sam  cracked 
out  a  single  and  ,Cobb  walked  home.  The 
score: 


2l6 


TYPES  OF  NEWS  WRITING 


DETROIT. 

AB 

R 

H  PO 

A 

Bush,  S3... 4 

0 

1     4 

4 

Vitt,  3b...3 

1 

0     3 

3 

Cobb,  cf..4 

2 

2     1 

0 

C'ford,  rf..4 

0 

1     1 

0 

Veach,  lf..4 

0 

0     0 

0 

Kav'h,  lb. 4 

0 

1  13 

1 

Young,  2b.3 

0 

0     1 

7 

McKee,  c .  2 

0 

0     4 

0 

Dubuc,  p.. 3 

0 

0     0 

0 

Total..  31 

3 

5  27 

15 

NEW 
AB 
M'sel,  3b. 4 
P'p'gb,  SS.4 
Cree,  cf.  .4 
Pipp,  lb.. 3 
Cook,  rf..3 
H'tz'l,  If.. 3 
Boone,  2b. 4 
Sw'ney,  c.3 
High....O 
N'm'ker.c.O 
C'well,  p.. 3 
Pieh,  p..  .0 


YORK. 

R    HPO  A 

0     10     0 


0  0 

0  1 

0  0 

0  0 

0  1 

0  1 

0  0 


0  0  0  0 

0  0  0  1 

0  0  0  2 

0  0  0  0 


Total. 31     0     4  27     9 
*Ran  for  Sweeney  in  seventh  inning. 
Errors — Vitt,  Nunamaker. 

Detroit 2     0     0     0     0    0     0     0     1—3 

New  York 0     0     0    0     0     0     0    0     0—0 

Two-base  hit — Maisel.  Three-base  hit — Cobb. 
Stolen  bases — Cook,  Cobb  (2.)  Earned  runs — De- 
troit, 2.  Sacrifice  hit — McKee.  Left  on  bases — 
New  York,  7;  Detroit,  4.  First  base  on  error — New 
York.  Bases  on  balls— Off  Caldwell,  2;  off  Dubuc,  2. 
Hits— OS  Caldwell,  4  in  8  2-3  innings;  off  Pieh,  1  in 
1-3  inning.  Hit  by  pitcher  —  By  Dubuc,  (Cook.) 
Struck  out— By  Caldwell,  5;  by  Dubuc,  2.  Time  of 
game — One  hour  and  fifty-five  minutes.  Umpires — 
Messrs.  O'Loughlin  and  Hildebrand. 


COLLEGE  CREW  PROSPECTS 

New  York  Times 

After  a  long  rest,  candidates  for  the 
Columbia  'Varsity  crew  will  be  called  out 
next  week  to  start  the  long  training  for  the 
Spring  races  and  for  the  intercollegiate 
regatta  on  the  Hudson  in  June.  Jim  Rice, 
coach  of  the  Blue  and  Wliite  navy,  will 
order  the  men  to  the  rowing  machines  on 
the  opening  day  of  college  following  the 
Christmas  recess,  for  practice  until  the  end 
of  the  examinations  following  the  first  term. 
Daily  work  on  the  machines  will  then  be 
ordered,  and  the  crew  men  will  not  have 
any  further  let-up  in  their  training. 

Rice  is  confronted  with  a  difficult  task 
this  season  in  finding  the  material  to  build 
up  a  winning  crew  to  match  the  eight  which 
swept  the  Hudson  last  June  and  won  the 
intercollegiate  championship  of  America. 
Only  three  men  of  this  crew  have  returned 
to  college.  A  new  stroke  must  be  developed, 
and  practically  an  entirely  new  eight  built 
up,  from  the  junior  squad  of  last  season. 


Those  who  have  seen  Coach  Rice  whip 
together  crews  will  not,  however,  be  dis- 
couraged at  this  time.  In  years  past  Coach 
Rice  has  started  out  the  season  with  an 
untrained  and  comparatively  small  squad 
of  oarsmen  and  has  startled  college  circles 
with  a  wonderful  eight,  ready  by  the  time 
the  Spring  races  rolled  around.  It  is  fair  to 
assume  that  a  similar  feat  will  be  performed 
this  year. 

An  example  of  Coach  Rice's  ability  in 
this  respect  was  furnished  last  season  in 
the  building  up  of  a  junior  'Varsity  eight. 
With  the  exception  of  Robinson,  the  oars- 
men from  the  two  freshmen  eights  of  1915 
and  1916,  both  of  wliich  finished  last  in 
the  freshmen  races  at  Poughkeepsie,  were 
whipped  into  shape  as  the  junior  eight  and 
finished  second  against  all  the  other  col- 
leges in  the  intercollegiate  regatta. 

It  is  on  these  eight  men,  with  the  three 
men  left  over  from  the  'Varsity  eight  and 
a  couple  of  freshmen  of  last  season,  that 
Coach  Rice  -mil  have  to  depend  for  this 
year's  'Varsity  eight.  The  most  telling 
loss  this  season  is  the  graduation  of  C.  F. 
McCarthy,  who  stroked  the  winning  eight, 
and  Capt.  Irving  Hadsell,  who  rowed  at 
No.  7,  two  of  the  best  and  gamest  oarsmen 
who  ever  sat  in  a  Columbia  shell.  Steddi- 
ford  Pitt  is  another  splendid  blade  who  is 
lost  to  the  crew  this  year,  and  the  strength 
and  fight  found  in  Rothwell  are  hard  to 
spare. 

The  three  men  who  must  serve  as  the 
nucleus  for  this  year's  eight  are  Bratton, 
who  rowed  at  No.  6;  Sanborn,  who  rowed 
at  No.  4,  and  Naumer,  who  rowed  at  bow. 
Bratton  was  one  of  the  strongest  men  in  the 
eight,  weighing  180  pounds,  and  there  is  no 
question  but  that  Coach  Rice  will  place  him 
back  in  the  waist  of  the  shell  this  season. 
Naumer  is  a  good  oarsman,  and  obtained 
his  seat  at  bow  last  season  purely  on  his 
merits,  as  evidenced  after  a  long  tryout 
against  Cronenberg  for  the  position.  It  is 
highly  probable  that  Naumer  will  be  moved 
further  down  in  the  boat  this  j'ear,  and  that 
Cronenberg  will  get  his  place  at  bow. 

Much  speculation  centres  about  the  se- 
lection of  stroke  of  the  eight.  Ex-Capt. 
"Irv."      Hadsell    predicts    that    Frank 


SPORTS 


217 


McCarthy  will  find  a  way  to  get  back  in  his 
old  position  this  Spring,  but  positive  deni- 
als by  McCarthy  seem  to  indicate  other- 
wise. The  two  logical  men  for  the  position 
as  pacemaker  of  the  eight  are  Myers,  who 
stroked  the  junior  boat  last  season,  and 
Sanborn,  who  stroked  the  1915  freshmen 
crew,  rowed  at  No.  2  in  the  'Varsity  four  of 
1913,  and  held  down  the  place  at  No.  4  in 
the  'Varsity  of  1914. 

The  student  body  is  faced  with  the  task 
of  raising  $2,700  to  take  care  of  the  crew 
debt  contracted  in  1913-14.  A  few  of  the 
alumni  have  been  supporting  the  crew  with 
large  donations,  and  at  present  they  hold 
notes  for  the  above  amount.  Recently, 
however,  an  appeal  was  sent  out  to  the 
undergraduates  to  help  bear  the  burden, 
and  their  response  has  been  quick  and 
loyal. 

The  Greek  letter  fraternities  at  Colum- 
bia have  come  forward  with  $500,  and  the 
undergraduates  prior  to  leaving  for  the 
holidays  pledged  an  equal  amount.  Fm-- 
ther  efforts  will  be  made  when  the  students 
return,  and  it  is  confidently  expected  about 
the  campus  that  a  good  share  of  the  indebt- 
edness will  be  paid  off  within  a  few  months. 


COLLEGE  ROWING  REGATTA 

Christian  Science  Monitor 
HARVARD-YALE  WINNERS  FOR  1915 

FIBST  VAESITY   EIGHTS 

Yale 20m.  52s. 

SECOND  VARSITY   EIGHTS 

Yale 10m.  40s. 

FBESHMAN   EIGHTS 

Yale *8m.    6s. 

FRESHMAN  FOURS 

Harvard 6m.  2I3. 

GRADUATE   EIGHTS 
Harvard  3m.53^s. 

*MiIe  and  a  half  by  agreement. 


NEW  LONDON,  Conn.— By  making  a 
clean  sweep  of  the  three  major  events  of 
their  annual  regatta  with  Harvard  on  the 
Thames  river  Friday,  Yale  is  today  cham- 


pion over  Harvard  in  rowing,  and,  with  pre- 
vious victories  over  Cornell,  Pennsylvania 
and  Princeton,  will  be  generally  regarded 
as  intercollegiate  -rowing  champions  of  the 
United  States  for  1915. 

That  Yale  deserves  the  victories  which 
she  won  over  the  Crimson  Friday  is  cer- 
tain. The  Eli  varsity  captured  one  of  the 
biggest  victories  over  the  Harvard  varsity 
when  she  won  by  about  five  lengths  in  the 
record  time  of  20m.  52s.,  that  the  Blue  has 
registered  against  the  Crimson  in  many 
years.  The  race  was  rowed  upstream, 
which  makes  the  time  a  new  record,  and  it 
is  stated  by  those  who  have  followed  rowing 
on  the  Thames  for  many  years,  that  had 
the  race  been  rowed  down  stream  Yale 
would  probably  have  broken  the  record  of 
20m.  10s.  for  the  course.  It  is  also  interest- 
ing to  note  that  the  Harvard  varsity  was 
inside  of  the  old  record  for  the  upstream 
course. 

Yale  owes  her  victory  to  the  coaching  of 
Guy  Nickalls,  the  famous  English  college 
oarsman.  It  was  the  second  year  that  Nick- 
alls  had  coached  the  Yale  varsity  and  both 
years  he  has  turned  out  crews  which  have 
defeated  the  Crimson. 

Yale  took  the  lead  at  the  very  start  of 
the  varsity  race  and  was  never  caught  by 
Harvard.  Rowing  a  lower  stroke  almost 
the  entire  distance,  Yale  kept  drawing 
away  from  the  Crimson  oarsmen  and,  de- 
spite the  fact  that  Stroke  Lund  succeeded 
in  getting  his  crew  to  raise  the  stroke  to  as 
high  as  34  beats  to  the  minute  over  the  last 
part  of  the  race,  Yale,  rowing  a  much  lower 
and  easier  stroke,  was  able  to  increase  its 
lead. 

While  the  Harvard  crew  appeared  to  be  a 
smoother  rowing  eight  than  Yale's  it  did 
not  move  through  the  water  nearly  as  well. 
There  was  a  perceptible  drag  to  the  Har- 
vard varsity  between  strokes,  while  the 
Yale  eight  went  evenly  and  showed  very 
Httle  if  any  slowing  up  between  the  strokes. 
At  all  times  the  Harvard  crew  appeared  to 
be  better  together,  but  it  did  not  make  as 
good  use  of  the  slides  as  the  Yale  eight. 
The  rigging  did  not  appear  to  fit  the  Har- 
vard oarsmen  to  the  best  advantage. 

Yale  won  the  freshman  race  by  about  a 


2l8 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


length  and  a  half.  This  race  was  a  very  un- 
satisfactory one.  The  event  was  to  have 
been  rowed  in  the  morning,  but  was  post- 
poned vmtil  after  the  varsity  race.  It  did 
not  start  until  about  7 :  30  in  the  evening. 
After  the  race  had  been  under  way  a  few 
minutes  the  Harvard  stroke  caught  a  crab 
and  the  crews  were  stopped.  It  was  then 
agreed  to  start  again  and  row  a  mile  and  a 
half  instead  of  the  customary  two  miles. 
Yale  finally  won  this  race  although  the 
Crimson  oarsmen  made  the  contest  much 
closer  than  the  varsity  race.  Yale's  time 
was  8m.  6s.  and  Harvard  8m.  10s. 

The  race  for  second  varsity  eights  was 
the  hardest  fought  of  the  day  and  the  Yale 
victory  in  19m.  40s.  opened  a  very  success- 
ful day  for  Yale.  The  official  times  of  the 
varsity  and  freshman  races  by  half  miles 
follow: 

VAESITY 

Yale  Harvard 

H  mile 2:05  2:08i^ 

1  mile 4:40  4:45 

IH  niiles 7:27}^       7:34 

2  miles 10:05  10:14 

2}i  miles 12:391^  12:52 

3  miles 15:27  15:39 

Zy2  miles 18:22  18:40 

4  miles 20:52  21:13>^ 

FSESHMEN 

Half  mile 2:22  2:23^ 

Mile 5:20  5:22 

Mile  and  a  half 8:06  8:10 


TENNIS  MATCH 
Kansas  City  Star 

Plajnng  masterful  tennis  and  repeatedly 
downing  every  attempted  rally  made  by  his 
opponent,  Clifford  J.  Lockhorn  yesterday 
defeated  Jack  Cannon,  the  Kansas  City 
champion,  in  the  finals  match  in  the  invi- 
tation tennis  tournament  staged  on  the 
K.  C.  A.  C.  courts.  Lockhorn's  winning 
count  was  6-2,  6-4,  6-2,  and,  after  the  finish 
of  the  first  set,  at  no  time  did  it  appear  that 
the  local  crack  had  a  chance  to  defeat  the 
Cincinnati  expert. 

Let  it  be  said  in  Cannon's  defense  that 
he  did  not  play  his  best  game,  the  game 
that  do'wned  Roland  Hoerr  in  the  Missouri 
Valley  tournament  last  year,  and  the  game 


that  made  him  run  Joseph  Armstrong  a 
hard  race  for  the  final  title  in  that  classic. 
The  courts  yesterday  were  heavj',  sogged 
by  the  recent  rains,  and  Cannon  looks  best 
on  a  fast,  light  ground.  And,  knowing  be- 
fore he  started  the  first  set  the  handicap  he 
was  working  under,  the  Kansas  City  star 
appeared  a  trifle  nervous  before  play  had 
been  running  long. 

But  Lockhorn's  work  was  marvelous! 
The  crowded  stand  which  witnessed  every 
moment  of  the  day's  play  was  applauding 
his  every  move  as  he  finished  up  the  last  set. 
His  head  work  was  perfect,  and  his  strokes 
sure.  An  easy  side-arm  shot,  apparently 
simple  for  his  opponent  to  fathom,  gained 
him  point  after  point  in  Cannon's  back 
court.  His  direction  was  always  good,  and 
clever  placements  followed  successively  in 
such  lightning-like  order  that  Cannon  was 
kept  running  about  the  court  most  of  the 
time.  And  when  the  new  player  showed 
that  wonderful  assurance,  verging  almost  on 
carelessness,  which  characterized  his  every 
move,  the  crowd  was  with  him.  They 
couldn't  help  but  be. 

Cannon  opened  up  the  first  set  well,  tak- 
ing the  first  game  handily  on  his  outi  serve, 
after  Lockhorn  had  raced  it  up  to  deuce 
twice.  The  next  three  went  to  Lockhorn 
in  rapid  succession,  the  "dark  horse"  show- 
ing Sphinx-Uke  steadiness  on  his  own  serve, 
and  passing  Cannon  repeatedly  at  the  net 
when  the  local  player's  second  shot  on  his 
own  serve  would  be  too  easily  placed.  With 
the  score  3-1  against  him.  Cannon  braced, 
and  took  the  fifth  game,  game-thirty,  but 
the  spurt  was  short  lived  and  once  again 
Lockhorn  started  his  old  sure,  steady, 
thoughtful  play,  running  out  the  next 
three  games,  and  winning  the  set,  6-2,  in 
clever  fashion. 

The  second  set  was  perhaps  Cannon's 
best  one.  He  seemed  to  have  lost  a  trifle  of 
the  wildness  that  had  marked  his  opening 
play,  and  repeatedly  drew  applause  from 
the  gallery  for  his  brilliant  returns  of  Lock- 
horn's back-line  placements.  The  first  six 
games  were  divided,  three  and  three.  Then 
Lockhorn  took  "seven"  and  "eight,"  rais- 
ing the  score  to  5-3  in  his  favor.  Cannon 
took  the  ninth  game,  game-fifteen,  on  his 


SPORTS 


219 


own  serve,  but  Lockhorn,  with  the  possi- 
bility of  a  deuce  set  facing  him,  allowed 
Cannon  just  one  point  in  the  last  game,  and 
the  second  set  ended  6-4,  "all  his  way." 

The  third  and  deciding  set  started  out 
like  a  walk-away  for  the  Cincinnati  player. 
Cannon,  scenting  defeat  in  the  air,  grew 
over  anxious  and  wild.  His  own  service 
was  frequently  off  in  its  direction,  and  he 
often  smashed  Lockhorn's  serve  into  the  net 
or  the  fence,  without  opening  up  a  chance 
for  a  volley  at  which  he  generally  is  so  suc- 
cessful. Lockhorn  quickly  took  five  of  the 
first  six  games  in  this  set.  The  seventh  he 
dropped,  after  he  had  had  match  point  on 
Cannon  once.  But  he  rallied  on  his  own 
service  in  the  eighth  game,  and,  though  it 
went  to  deuce,  he  shot  two  clever  drives 
down  Cannon's  sidelines  for  the  last  two 
points  of  the  set,  which  gave  him  the 
match,  6-2,  6-4,  6-2. 

Lockhorn,  the  most  feared  player  in 
Kansas  City  because  of  his  untouted  vic- 
tory over  Cannon  yesterday,  is  a  clever 
player  to  watch  on  the  courts.  He  never 
gets  excited,  and  seems  almost  lazy  in  the 
easy  indifference  with  which  he  plays  his 
opponent's  hardest  strokes.  The  highest 
pinnacle  of  his  play  has  been  unexplored 
bj''  local  cracks — at  least  in  this  tourney. 
Every  time  out  he  shows  a  little  more 
"stuff"  and  exerts  himself  just  enough  to 
beat  his  next  rival. 

Kansas  City  followers  of  tennis  will 
watch  Lockhorn's  work  anxiously  in  the 
Missouri  Valley  tournament  in  the  fall. 
Alexander  Squair  and  Walter  Hayes,  R.  F. 
Shelton  and  J.  B.  Adoue,  jr.,  Paul  Dar- 
rough  and  Gene  Monett  will  be  there;  so 
will  Roland  Hoerr  and  Drummond  Jones. 
Perhaps  Lockhorn  may  uncover  a  little  of 
that  "old  stuff"  of  his  then.  Kansas  City 
enthusiasts  want  to  see  just  what  he  has, 
anyway. 

GOLF   MATCH 

Boston  Transcript 

There  was  nothing  of  the  runaway  about 
this  morning's  half  of  the  final  round  for 
the  John  Shepard,  Jr.,  trophy  between 
Francis    Ouimet    and    Paul    Tewksbury, 


chums  and  both  members  of  the  Woodland 
Golf  Club,  where  the  match  is  being  played. 
The  national  amateur  champion  led  by  one 
up  at  the  end  of  the  morning  play,  after  a 
round  in  which  the  margin  at  no  time  was 
more  than  two  holes.  They  play  the  final 
eighteen  holes  this  afternoon,  and  consid- 
erably more  of  a  gallery  is  expected  than 
witnessed  the  play  in  the  morning. 

As  a  general  thing  Mr.  Ouimet  plays  the 
Woodland  course  around  73  to  75  in  his 
matches,  but  this  morning  he  kept  out  of 
the  80  class  only  by  a  single  stroke.  Mr. 
Tewksbury  had  one  bad  hole,  the  thir- 
teenth, so  that  his  medal  was  82.  The  pair 
halved  one  hole  in  7,  which  is  decidedly 
unusual  for  them,  and  another  in  6. 

The  first  hole  went  to  Mr.  Ouimet  on 
the  strength  of  an  exceptionally  fine  putt, 
where  he  faced  a  stymie  and  had  to  slice 
around  his  opponent's  ball  to  get  down  in 
4.  Luck  was  with  the  champion  at  the 
second,  where  his  topped  approach  rolled 
through  a  bunker  onto  the  green  about  ten 
feet  past  the  hole,  whence  he  ran  it  down 
for  a  3  and  became  2  up.  Neither  reached 
the  third  green  in  2,  against  the  wind,  and 
they  halved  in  5,  as  was  the  case  also  at  the 
fourth.  Mr.  Ouimet  required  another  5  at 
the  fifth,  failing  to  get  on  from  the  tee,  and 
then  taking  three  putts.  He  lost  that  hole 
and  also  the  sixth,  where  he  drove  into  the 
woods.   This  squared  the  match. 

After  a  succession  of  four  5s,  wliich  in 
itself  is  decidedly  unusual  for  the  cham- 
pion, he  managed  to  get  back  to  normal 
with  a  4  at  the  seventh,  which  won  it;  he 
then  played  such  an  accurate  approach  at 
the  eighth  that  he  holed  the  putt  for  a  3 
and  became  2  up  once  more.  He  pulled  one 
out  of  bounds  at  the  ninth,  which  cost  him 
the  hole  and  left  him  1  up  at  the  turn. 

They  halved  the  tenth  in  par  3.  Mr. 
Tewksbury's  superior  play  netted  him  a  4 
at  the  eleventh,  which  squared  the  match 
again.  There  was  something  spectacular 
at  the  twelfth,  where  Mr.  Tewksbury  hit 
the  cup  on  an  approach  shot  from  the  em- 
bankment above  the  green  and  stopped 
near  enough  to  get  down  his  putt  for  a  4. 
Mr.  Ouimet  was  off  the  green  also  on  liis 
second,  but  approached  close  enough  to  sink 


220 


TYPES  OF  NEWS  WRITING 


his  putt  for  the  half.  The  thirteenth  was  a 
nightmare  to  Mr.  Tewksbury,  who  played 
about  four  shots  and  then  gave  up  the  hole. 
He  had  a  chance  to  square  the  match  at  the 
fourteenth,  where  a  long  drive  and  equally 
fine  second  put  him  within  seven  feet  of  the 
hole,  but  it  was  a  difficult  putt  and  he  missed 
his  3. 
The  600-yard  fifteenth  hole  was  a  stiff 
proposition,  owing  to  the  strong  wind,  and 
neither  player  got  home  in  3.  Then,  sin- 
gularly enough,  they  took  three  putts  apiece 
for  a  half  in  7.  That  was  in  decided  con- 
trast to  the  play  at  the  sixteenth,  which 
they  halved  in  3.  To  the  other  long  hole, 
the  seventeenth,  Mr.  Ouimet  was  hole  high, 


but  a  number  of  yards  below  the  green  in 
2.  His  short  approach  was  much  too  strong 
and  he  failed  to  get  his  fourth  dead  or  to 
hole  his  putt  for  a  5.  Mr.  Tewksbury,  who 
was  little  better  situated  in  3  than  Mr. 
Ouimet  in  2,  finally  had  a  putt  of  four  feet 
to  win  the  hole.  He  missed  it,  and  they 
halved  in  6.  Then  they  halved  the  home 
hole  in  3.  It  was  a  striking  finish — to  halve 
four  successive  holes  in  7,  3,  6,  3.  Their 
cards: 

Ouimet 43555543  6—40 

Tewksbury..  54554454  5 — 41 

Ouimet 35444736  3—39—79 

Tewksbury..  344  *7     4736  3—41—82 


♦Approximated. 


CHAPTER  XIV 


SOCIETY 


Interest  in  social  and  personal  news  is  so  great  that  practically  every 
newspaper  maintains  a  society  department  under  the  direction  of  a  society 
editor.  The  form  and  style  suitable  to  such  news  are  partly  determined  by 
social  usage.  The  typographical  style  of  the  society  columns  often  differs 
somewhat  from  that  of  other  parts  of  the  paper.  Society  news  taxes  the 
writer's  ability  to  give  variety  to  stories  of  the  same  kind  of  events  as  they 
take  place  day  by  day.  In  no  other  kind  of  news  is  he  more  frequently  tempted 
to  use  stock  phrases  over  and  over  again.  It  is  possible,  however,  to  give 
considerable  variety  to  society  stories  as  weU  as  to  avoid  trite,  colorless, 
description. 

Unusual  courtships,  engagements,  and  weddings  may  be  treated  as 
regular  news;  in  that  case  the  stories  of  them  are  not  often  placed  in  the 
society  section.  Such  news  not  infrequently  has  humorous  and  pathetic 
possibilities  that  the  writer  may  develop  without  violating  the  canons  of 
good  taste. 


UNUSUAL  COURTSHIP 
New  York  Herald 

Having  failed  in  eight  years  of  effort  to 
find  a  guardian,  governess  or  housekeeper 
who  would  take  a  proper  interest  in  his 
two  small  motherless  children,  Lorenzo  Vil- 
lette,  a  prosperous  French  merchant,  living 
at  No.  90  North  Harwood  place.  Brook- 
bank,  decided  he  would  try  to  find  a  wife. 
A  preliminary  search  failed  to  find  a  suit- 
able candidate  and  he  turned  to  the  church, 
being  a  devout  member  of  St.  Anthony's, 
in  Brookbank. 

►  Two  weeks  ago  he  completed  a  novena, 
and  on  the  ninth  day  of  his  continuous 
prayer  he  expressed  the  wish  that  a  wife 
who  would  be  a  good  mother  would  be 
granted  to  him. 

Nothing  happened  until  the  second  day 


after  he  had  finished  his  nine  days  of 
prayer.  On  that  day  Miss  Mary  O'Connor, 
of  No.  72  Laclede  avenue,  Brookbank, 
made  a  social  call  upon  her  friend,  Miss 
Frances  Smith,  a  cousin  of  Mr.  Villette,  in 
her  home,  in  Forest  avenue,  at  Railroad 
avenue. 

While  the  two  young  women  talked  Miss 
Smith  said  to  her  friend : — 

"You  seem  so  downcast  recently,  Mary. 
You  should  find  a  husband." 

"Yes,  I  suppose,"  was  the  answer,  "but 
the  right  man  has  not  knocked  at  the  door 
yet." 

Just  then  Mr.  Villette  Tang  the  bell  at 
his  cousin's  home.  He  was  introduced  to 
Miss  O'Connor  and  an  hour  later  accom- 
panied her  to  her  home.  Three  days  later 
he  escorted  her  to  a  theatre  and  the  follow- 
ing day  met  her  relatives. 


TYPES   OF  NEWS   WRITING 


Then  she  met  Mr.  Villette's  children  and 
called  at  his  home,  and  last  Saturday  they 
obtained  a  hcense  to  be  married.  St. 
Michael's  Church,  which  the  O'Connor 
family  attends,  is  preparing  for  one  of  the 
largest  weddings  of  the  season  on  next 
Tuesday. 

"  I  am  very  happy,"  said  Miss  O'Connor 
last  night,  "  and  I  am  so  thankful  that  Mr. 
Villette  said  a  novena  and  that  I  was  sent 
to  him." 


UNUSUAL  ROMANCE 
Chicago  Inter  Ocean 

Firemen  one  night  last  summer  stood  on 
the  street  before  a  blazing  apartment  build- 
ing at  West  Fourteenth  and  South  Sanga- 
mon streets.  They  played  their  streams  of 
water  on  the  fire,  although  they  realized 
that  the  building  could  not  be  saved.  Sud- 
denly from  above  came  the  scream  of  a  girl. 
She  was  seen  chnging  to  a  window  ledge  on 
the  third  floor  before  a  background  of  flame. 

That  was  the  beginning  of  the  storj'. 

Its  close  came  yesterday  afternoon  within 
the  dim  and  quiet  church  of  St.  Francis  of 
Assisi,  when  the  girl.  Miss  Mary  Wilkins, 
became  the  wife  of  the  man  who  had  dared 
and  accomphshed  her  rescue,  Arthur  Sheer, 
truckman  of  hook  and  ladder  company 
No.  5. 

Of  all  the  firemen  who  stood  before  the 
burning  building  that  night,  Sheer  alone 
volunteered  to  attempt  the  rescue.  A  lad- 
der was  rushed  to  the  red  and  cracking  wall. 
Blinded  by  the  flames  and  smoke  and  with 
his  heavy  clothing  fired  from  the  heat. 
Sheer  groped  his  way  up  the  ladder.  His 
mates  played  streams  of  water  along  the 
course  of  his  climb.  He  reached  Miss 
Wilkins  and  carried  her  to  the  street  and 
to  safety. 

"And  that's  how  it  was,"  the  bride  said 
as  she  left  the  church  clinging  to  the  arm 
of  her  big  and  blushing  husband.  "He  and 
I  learned  to  know  each  other  after  the  fire, 
and — and — well,  that's  how  it  was." 

The  blush  on  Truckman  Sheer's  face 
deepened  when  the  interview  was  directed 
upon  himself. 


"Ah — er — any  fireman,  you  know,"  he 
stammered,  "would — would — but  say, 
you'd  ought  to  see  the  place  we've  got 
fixed  up.  We're — ah — we're  moving  in 
today." 

The  home  of  the  couple  will  be  at  919 
West  Twenty-third  place. 


COWBOY  WEDDING 
Chicago  Herald 

"Snorky  Dan"  Sammons  tied  his  pony 
to  the  rack  at  the  stockyards  yesterday, 
doff'ed  his  chaps,  wiggled  into  "the  con- 
ventional black"  and,  with  the  able  assist- 
ance of  300  wildly  enthusiastic  "boys  from 
the  yards,"  was  roped,  tied  and  branded  at 
the  altar. 

It  was  the  biggest  "cowboy  wedding" 
the  yards  ever  saw.  When  "Snorky" 
knocked  off  buying  hogs  for  the  Bismark 
Packing  Company  early  in  the  day  and 
got  ready  to  hit  the  trail  for  the  Holy 
Cross  Church,  East  SLxty-fifth  street  and 
Maryland  avenue,  he  had  no  hint  of  the 
scheme  on  foot. 

Late  in  the  afternoon  the  South  Side, 
however,  became  aware  that  there  was 
something  doing  besides  the  Cubs-Sox 
battle.  First  a  two-wheeled  phaeton, 
dragged  along  by  a  gaunt,  underfed  mule 
and  driven  by  a  cowboy,  made  its  appear- 
ance. A  big  banner  was  stretched  across 
its  sides  giving  the  bridegroom  this  welcome 
admonition: 

"  Don't  weaken,  Snorky." 

On  its  heels  came  a  "hungry  five"  Ger- 
man band  playing  Irish  melodies,  riding  in 
a  "cripple  wagon"  driven  by  a  red-coated 
negro.  A  tractor  engine,  pulling  a  chain  of 
twelve  "clean-up"  chariots,  came  next, 
and  in  its  wake  a  couple  of  hundred  yell- 
ing, plug-hatted  cowboys  led  by  "Rags" 
Murphy  and  Tom  Dorney.  As  marshals  of 
the  "round-up"  there  were  "Tex"  Hobart, 
"Jim"  McGuirk,  "Spuds"  Grady  and 
"Skinny"  Kenny.  Even  young  Edward 
Morris,  who  recently  went  to  work  in  the 
packing  business,  was  on  the  job. 

The  cavalcade  drew  up  in  front  of  the 
church  and  awaited  "Snorky."    It  was 


SOCIETY 


223 


about  5  o'clock  when  he  arrived  in  a  big 
touring  car  with  bride-to-be,  Miss  Mary 
Cowman,  6876  South  Chicago  avenue, 
daughter  of  the  late  John  Cowman, 
wealthy  coal  dealer.  As  the  party  entered 
the  church  every  noise-making  device, 
from  the  cowboy  yell  to  automobile  horns, 
was  brought  into  play. 
'  While  the  Rev.  D.  D.  Hishen  was  "tying 
the  knot"  inside,  the  automobile  was  las- 
soed. The  bridal  party,  upon  re-entering 
the  vehicle,  attempted  to  make  their  get- 
away, but  in  vain.  Surrounded  by  the 
prancing  ponies,  they  were  paraded  to  the 
yards  at  Root  and  Halsted  streets,  and 
after  "Snorky"  had  made  a  little  speech 
he  was  permitted  to  go. 


ELOPEMENT 
Chicago  Herald 

Ju^  because  she  was  a  girl,  Charlotte 
Smith,  daughter  of  a  Parkhurst  contractor, 
saw  no  reason  why  she  should  not  learn 
from  her  father  all  about  building  houses 
on  well-located  lots. 

Charles  Ferris  Short,  son  of  a  real  estate 
dealer  in  the  north  shore  suburb,  had  been 
getting  information  about  the  value  of  a 
piece  of  ground  upon  which  a  house  could 
be  built. 

What,  then,  more  natural  than  for 
Charles,  filled  with  knowledge  about  home 
locations,  and  Charlotte,  wise  in  the  man- 
ner of  erecting  a  home  and  having,  mean- 
while, notions  that  other  persons  in  the 
world  didn't  count  for  much  anyway,  to 
conclude  to  join  their  knowledge  for  their 
own  profit? 

Nothing,  they  agreed.  But  Charles  was 
only  21  years  old,  and  Charlotte  19. 

"Too  young,"  parents  of  both  agreed. 

Having  visions  of  a  piece  of  property 
selected  by  him  and  improved  by  a  house 
designed  by  her  as  a  place  where  they, 
together,  would  not  be  annoyed  by  unsym- 
pathetic parents,  and  reading  in  the  Her- 
ald that  twelve  couples  had  eloped  to 
Crown  Point  Monday  to  be  married,  they 
boarded  a  train  for  Indiana  yesterday.  Last 
night  they  were  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Short. 


Charlotte's  parents  didn't  know  a  thing 
about  it  until  told  by  the  Herald;  neither 
did  Charles's  people. 

"Oh,  well,  I  guess  there's  nothing  to  do 
but  say  it's  just  fine,"  Charlotte's  mother 
said.  "But  she  hasn't  a  bit  of  table  Unen. 
We'll  have  to  get  busy  right  away." 

So  it  was  all  right  after  all. 

Others  on  the  train  taken  by  the  Park- 
hurst couple  were  Peter  Felker  and  Miss 
Sara  Sorley.  They  had  planned  to  be  mar- 
ried for  some  time.  It  was  inconvenient  to 
take  a  honeymoon  trip.  So  they,  too,  eloped 
to  Crown  Point. 


SEPTUAGENARIAN  ROMANCE 

Chicago  Herald 

More  than  seventy  years  ago  a  barefoot 
boy  and  a  rosy  cheeked  girl  trudged  to- 
gether each  day  along  the  roads  of  Albion 
County,  Michigan,  to  a  little  red  school- 
house,  where,  at  adjoining  desks,  they 
studied  "readin',  'ritin'  and  'rithmetic." 

Yesterday  the  same  "boy"  and  the  same 
"girl"  left  Fair  Oaks  together  for  the 
county  building  in  Chicago.  There  they 
obtained  a  marriage  license.  A  few  min- 
utes later  they  were  married.  Thus  has 
Fair  Oaks  furnished  its  first  septuagenarian 
romance. 

The  bridegroom  is  Rudolph  Gray,  77 
years  old,  the  possessor  of  two  grand- 
children. The  bride,  imtil  yesterday,  Mrs. 
Mary  J.  Vanson,  is  a  year  his  junior.  She 
has  three  grandchildren. 

After  the  ceremony  the  couple  returned 
to  the  residence  of  the  bridegroom's  daugh- 
ter, Mrs.  Clara  A.  Hawkins  of  1231  Jenifer 
avenue.  Fair  Oaks.  There  the  bridegroom 
told  the  story  of  the  romance. 

"We've  known  each  other  as  far  back 
as  either  of  us  can  remember,"  he  said. 
"We  were  reared  together  in  Albion 
County,  went  to  the  same  district  school 
together,  and  later,  when  we  were  a  little 
older,  went  to  the  same  dances  and  parties 
together. 

"Then  our  families  moved  away  from 
Albion  County,  and  we  lost  track  of  each 
other  for  a  while.  I  got  married  and  served 


224 


TYPES  OF  NEWS  WRITING 


through  the  civil  war.  Sarah  was  married 
to  an  Illinois  man. 

"Her  husband  was  killed  in  1892  in  a 
railroad  accident,  and  my  first  wife  died 
about  three  years  ago.  A  few  months  ago 
we  learned  of  each  other's  whereabouts, 
started  to  write  back  and  forth,  and  today 
were  married." 

The  ceremony  was  performed,  according 
to  Mr.  Gray,  by  S.  M.  Schall,  in  the  latter 's 
office  at  118  North  LaSalle  street.  Later 
the  couple  had  their  wedding  supper  at  the 
Hawkins  residence  in  Fair  Oaks.  In  a  few 
days  they  will  leave  for  Manheim,  111., 
where  they  will  make  their  home. 


WEDDING 

New  York  Times 

The  wedding  of  Miss  Emma  Martin 
WiUis,  daughter  of  James  S.  Willis,  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  Bank  of  Com- 
merce of  this  city,  and  Mrs.  Willis,  and 
Lesley  Green  Shafter  of  Greenville,  Penn., 
was  celebrated  at  8  o'clock  last  night  in 
St.  John's  Episcopal  Church,  Montclair, 
N.  J.  The  Rev.  Dr.  William  R.  Bolton, 
rector  of  the  church,  officiated. 

The  bride  wore  a  gown  of  ivory  satin  and 
a  veil  of  lace,  which  was  caught  up  with  a 
chaplet  of  orange  blossoms.  She  carried  a 
shower  bouquet  of  white  orchids  and  lilies  of 
the  valley.  Her  father  gave  her  in  marriage. 

The  maid  of  honor  was  Miss  Martha 
Houghton  of  Calumet,  Mich.,  a  former 
schoolmate  of  the  bride.  She  wore  a  pink 
satin  gown,  draped  with  tulle  and  net,  and 
carried  pink  Killarney  roses. 

There  were  six  bridesmaids,  including 
the  Misses  Emma  Dickens,  Elsie  Walter, 
Anna  Wilson,  Helen  Holton,  Mary  Smith, 
and  Katherine  WUkins.  They  were  gowned 
ahke,  in  blue  and  white  chiffon,  and  carried 
Aaron  Ward  roses  with  streamers  of  blue 
ribbon. 

Clinton  M.  Shafter  was  best  man  for  his 
brother.  The  ushers  were  George  H.  Ken- 
nedy, John  C.  Lane,  Arthur  Carpenter,  and 
Dr.  James  Stratton  Colhns,  Jr.,  of  Green- 
ville; Morris  B.  Lamb  of  this  city,  and 
James  S.  WilUs,  Jr.,  of  Montclair, 


The  church  was  decorated  with  auttma- 
nal  flowers  and  fohage.  Along  the  centre 
aisle  were  large  clusters  of  white  chrysan- 
themums. Ascension  liUes  were  used  on  the 
altar. 

More  than  200  guests  from  New  York 
and  near-by  towns  attended  the  reception, 
which  was  held  after  the  ceremony  at  the 
home  of  the  bride,  144  Nedwick  Avenue, 
Upper  Montclair.  The  couple  received  the 
congratulations  of  their  relatives  and 
friends  under  an  arbor  of  pink  and  white 
roses  in  the  reception  room.  The  house 
was  decorated  throughout  with  autiminal 
fohage  and  flowers. 

The  bride  was  a  pupil  at  Miss  Spence's 
School  in  this  city  in  1909-1910.  Mr.  Shaf- 
ter was  graduated  from  Williams  College, 
class  of  '10,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Phi 
Delta  Theta  Fraternity.  His  father,  who 
died  several  years  ago,  was  the  owner  of 
large  coal  fields  and  mines,  which  Mr. 
Shafter  has  managed  since  leaving  school. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shafter  will  five  in  Green- 
ville. 


WEDDING 

Boston  Transcript 

Scarboro,  Oct.  23 — St.  John's  School 
Chapel  was  the  scene  of  the  marriage,  at 
noon  today,  of  Miss  Violet  Otis  Gray  to  John 
Stanley  Hart.  Miss  Gray  is  the  older  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  William  Green  Gray,  D.  D., 
head  of  St.  John's  School,  and  Mrs.  Gray, 
who  was  before  her  marriage  Miss  Martin. 
The  bride  is  the  granddaughter  of  the  late 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  WilUam  C.  Martin  of  Boston, 
who  long  were  summer  cottagers  at  Na- 
hant.  Herbert  F.  Martin  and  Harrison 
Gray  Martin  are  her  uncles,  and  Mrs.  Smith 
of  Washington  and  Ipswich,  wife  of  Rev. 
Richard  Otis  Smith,  D.  D.,  is  an  aunt. 
Miss  Gray  has  a  younger  sister,  Margaret, 
and  four  brothers,  William  G.  Gray,  Jr., 
Sigourney  Gray,  Appleton  Gray  and  Rob- 
ert Gray.  The  bride  made  her  d^but  three 
seasons  ago. 

Mr.  Hart,  the  bridegroom,  is  the  son  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Francis  Stanley  Hart  of  Com- 
monwealth avenue,  Boston,  who  have  a 


SOCIETY 


225 


country  estate  in  Bedford.  He  was  gradu- 
ated from  Harvard  with  the  class  of  1913. 
He  is  interested  in  rowing  and  is  a  member 
of  the  Union  Boat  Club.  William  A.  Hart, 
of  the  Harvard  class  of  1915,  is  a  younger 
brother. 

Dr.  Gray,  the  bride's  father,  was  the 
officiating  clergyman,  and  gave  his  daugh- 
ter in  marriage.  The  bride  was  dressed  in  a 
gown  of  white  satin  and  tulle,  made  with  a 
pointed  neck  and  long,  full  train.  It  was 
trimmed  with  fine  old  lace,  and  her  veil, 
also  of  lace,  was  the  one  which  had  been 
worn  by  her  mother,  and  still  earlier  by  her 
grandmother,  Mrs.  Martin,  on  the  occasion 
of  their  weddings.  It  was  held  in  place  with 
orange  blossoms.  The  bridal  bouquet  was 
of  hlies  of  the  valley,  white  orchids  and 
delicate  ferns. 

The  younger  sister.  Miss  Margaret  Gray, 
was  flower  girl  and  wore  a  high-waisted 
dress  of  white  net  with  embroidered  ruffles, 
with  which  was  worn  a  small  hat  of  pink 
satin  trimmed  with  lace  and  pink  rosebuds. 
She  carried  pale  pink  roses.  The  brides- 
maids were  Miss  Elizabeth  Howard  of 
Boston,  cousin  of  the  bridegroom;  Miss 
Anna  Appleton  Graves  of  South  Orange, 
N.  J.,  and  Miss  Mary  Appleton  of  New 
York.  Miss  Graves  and  Miss  Appleton  are 
the  bride's  cousins.  These  three  attendants 
were  dressed  in  pale  pink  taffeta  with 
sleeves  and  long  tunics  of  pink  tulle.  They 
wore  large  flat  hats  of  dark  blue  velvet  and 
carried  bunches  of  pink  rosebuds  mixed 
with  bluets.  Mrs.  Gray,  the  bride's  mother, 
wore  dark  blue  sUk  and  a  hat  of  dark  blue 
velvet  trimmed  with  feathers  of  the  same 
shade. 

Frederic  Hart  of  Boston,  Harvard,  '13, 
a  cousin  of  the  bridegroom,  was  best  man, 
and  those  who  served  as  ushers  were 
Charles  Pelham  Morgan,  Jr.,  Harvard,  '14; 
Edwin  Curtis,  Harvard,  '13;  Wilkins 
Frothingham,  Harvard,  '13;  George  Wil- 
liam Meyer,  Jr.,  Harvard,  '13;  Bayard 
Tyler,  Harvard,  '13;  Tudor  Jenkins,  Har- 
vard, '13;  Richard  Courtland,  Harvard, 
'16;  George  Bartlett,  Harvard,  '13;  Sigour- 
ney  Gray,  Amherst,  '18,  brother  of  the 
bride.  ~  '     ' 


WEDDING 

New  York  Herald 

Southern  smilax  and  palms  made  the 
background  for  the  bower  of  white  and 
pink  cut  flowers  and  plants  ornament- 
ing the  chancel  of  the  Church  of  the  Di- 
vine Paternity  last  Tuesday  when  Miss 
Florence  I.  Gardiner,  daughter  of  Mrs. 
Curtis  Gardiner,  of  No.  949  West  Eighty- 
fifth  street,  was  married  to  Mr.  Frederick 
Guild  Jenkins,  Jr.,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hall 
officiating. 

The  bride  wore  a  gown  of  ivory  white 
satin  trimmed  with  pearls  and  embroid- 
ered with  orange  blossoms  with  court  train 
of  chiffon  and  satin.  Instead  of  a  veil  she 
wore  a  cap  of  princess  lace,  and  she  carried 
a  bouquet  of  lilies  of  the  valley  and  white 
orchids.  She  was  attended  by  her  sister, 
Mrs.  Deland  Roswell  Morton,  who  wore  a 
gown  of  pink  satin  trimmed  with  brown 
lace  and  beaver  fur,  with  picture  hat  to 
match;  she  carried  Killarney  roses.  Little 
Ruth  and  Virginia  Gardiner,  the  flower 
girls,  wore  frocks  of  white  lingerie  with 
pink  sashes,  and  carried  white  French  bas- 
kets of  sunburst  roses. 

Mr.  David  Pelham  was  best  man,  and 
the  ushers  were  Messrs.  John  Burton,  Har- 
rison Kneeland  and  John  J.  Surl,  of  this 
city,  and  Harold  Warren,  of  Fishkill,  N.  Y. 
After  the  ceremony  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jenkins 
started  on  a  wedding  trip  through  the 
South. 


WEDDING 

Philadelphia  Ledger 

WASHINGTON,  Dec.  3.— Miss  Emily 
Curtis,  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  William 
T.  Curtis,  was  married  today  to  Captain 
Wilham  Raines  Darlington,  Coast  Artil- 
lery, United  States  army.  The  ceremony 
took  place  at  the  home  of  the  bride's  par- 
ents in  Georgetown.  The  Rev.  D.  H. 
Markham  ofiiciated.  The  attendants  were 
Miss  Winifred  Deland  and  Captain  Robert 
Bruce  Scott,  U.  S.  A.  The  latter  and  the 
bridegroom  wore  full  uniform.  The  bride 
wore  white  satia,  with  tulle  overdress,  and 


226 


TYPES   OF  NEWS   WRITING 


a  tulle  veil.  Following  a  wedding  break- 
fast, Captain  and  Mrs.  Darlington  left  for 
the  South,  the  former  being  stationed  at 
Fort  Garfield,  Ga. 


ENGAGEMENT 
Chicago  Post 

Mrs.  Francis  T.  Calkins,  1253  Hamilton 
avenue,  announces  the  engagement  of  her 
youngest  daughter,  Imogen  Hammond,  to 
Mr.  Percy  Chapman,  son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
A.  L.  Chapman,  3024  Sigourney  street. 

Miss  Calkins's  father  was  the  late  Colonel 
Francis  T.  Calkins,  first  colonel  of  the 
Seventeenth  Uegiment,  I.  N.  G.  The  bride 
elect  is  president  of  the  Delta  Gamma  Mu 
Sorority  and  a  member  of  the  Beta  Phi  Ep- 
silon  Sorority.  Mr.  Chapman  is  a  member 
of  the  Delta  Omicron  Fraternity  and  is 
known  in  athletic  circles.  No  date  has 
been  set  for  the  wedding. 


ENGAGEMENT 

New  York  Times 

The  engagement  of  Miss  Agnes  P.  Colby 
and  Frederick  E.  Chandler  has  been  an- 
nounced. Miss  Colby  is  the  daughter  of 
the  Rev.  Dr.  J.  Wilson  Colby,  the  noted 
evangelist,  with  whom  she  made  a  globe- 
encircling  trip  several  years  ago.  She  is 
spending  the  Winter  with  her  aunt,  Mrs. 
Charles  Stratton  Wilce,  at  Springfield, 
Mass. 

Mr.  Chandler  is  a  graduate  of  Williams 
College,  class  of  '12,  and  is  a  Director  in 
the  Industrial  Bonding  Corporation  of  New 
York.  The  wedding  is  to  take  place  in  the 
early  Spring  at  the  Colby  home  at  Jamaica 
Estates,  L.  I. 


WEDDING  PARTY  DINNER 
DANCE 

New  York  Times 

Mrs.  Ralph  H.  Devine,  whose  brother, 
Harry  Curtis  Livingston  of  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
is  to  marry  Miss  Hope  Alexander,  daughter 


of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  W.  A.  Alexander,  tomorrow 
afternoon  in  the  Church  of  the  Heavenly 
Rest,  entertained  last  night  at  the  St.  Regis 
in  honor  of  Miss  Alexander  and  her  fiancfe. 

Covers  were  laid  for  twenty-six  guests, 
and  the  table  was  decorated  with  lihes  of 
the  valley  and  pink  roses.  Silver  bonbon 
boxes  were  given  as  favors.  The  guests  in- 
cluded some  of  the  girl  friends  of  the  bride- 
elect,  the  best  man,  Frederick  R.  Devine, 
and  the  ushers,  Sidney  Dillon,  Arthur  G. 
Alexander,  Benjamin  Noyes,  Martin  Otis 
Tilden,  Harrison  Prescott,  and  Frederick 
Cheever. 

There  was  informal  dancing  afterward, 
for  which  a  few  additional  guests  were  in- 
vited. 


COLLEGE  FRATERNITY  DINNER 

Topeka  Capitol 

The  Kappa  Sigma  men  of  Washburn 
college  celebrated  Founders'  day  with  a 
dinner  at  the  Mills  tea  room  yesterday 
evening.  The  men  of  the  active  chapter, 
Gamma  Nu,  and  many  of  the  local  alumni 
gathered  together  for  the  fraternity's  forty- 
fifth  anniversary.  It  was  on  December  10, 
just  forty-five  years  ago,  that  the  fraternity, 
now  the  largest  in  number  of  chapters,  was 
founded  at  the  University  of  Virginia. 

The  tables  were  decorated  with  the 
fraternity  flower,  lily  of  the  valley,  and  the 
colors,  scarlet,  white  and  emerald.  Toasts, 
with  Mr.  Earl  Trobert  acting  as  toast- 
master,  were  responded  to  by  Mr.  WilHam 
Whitcomb,  for  the  pledges,  Mr.  Merrill 
Ream,  for  the  actives,  Mr.  James  Cole- 
man, on  the  "Fraternity  Relations  to  the 
Alumnus,"  Mr.  Monte  Kistler,  on  "  Frater- 
nity Expansion,"  Dr.  A.  B.  Jeffrey,  on 
"Internal  Development,"  and  Mr.  W.  K. 
Miller,  on  "The  Why  of  a  Greek."  The 
fraternity  songs  were  sung  as  a  finishing 
touch. 

The  Kappa  Sigmas  at  the  affair  were: 
Mr.  Monte  Kistler,  Mr.  Irwin  Keller,  Mr. 
Clayton  Kline,  Mr.  Robert  Drum,  Mr. 
James  Coleman,  Dr.  A.  B.  Jeffrey,  Mr.  W. 
W.  Miller,  Mr.  D.  Elton  Mcintosh,  Mr. 
Kenneth  Kline,  Mr.  Dwight  Ream,  Mr. 


SOCIETY 


227 


Merrill  Ream,  Mr.  Wayne  Cook,  Mr.  Rob- 
ert Whitcomb,  Mr.  Richard  Whitcomb, 
Mr.  Earl  Trobert,  Mr.  Warren  Humphrey, 
Mr.  Charles  Kesler,  Mr.  Robert  Ward,  Mr. 
Russell  Swiler,  Mr.  John  Ripley,  Mr.  Clif- 
ford Olander,  Mr.  Forest  Rice,  Mr.  Duane 
Van  Horn,  Mr.  Elwin  Olander,  Mr.  Ned 
Brown,  Mr.  Edwin  Tucker,  Mr.  Harold 
Cone,  Mr.  William  Whitcomb,  Mr.  John 
March,  Mr.  Ray  Enfield,  Mr.  Jay  Jenson 
and  Mr.  Jackson  Brown. 


CHRISTMAS  DINNER  REUNION 

Chicago  Herald 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frank  Hinton  of  891  East 
Twenty-first  street  will  give  the  annual 
dinner  for  members  of  the  Hinton  family 
Christmas  night.  This  will  be  the  sixty- 
fourth  Christmas  dinner  and  reunion  in  the 
Hinton  family.  Among  those  who  will  be 
present  are  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  M.  Hin- 
ton, State's  Attorney  and  Mrs.  Maclay 
Hinton,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Clifford  Whitcomb, 
Mrs.  Gertrude  Hinton  Humphrey  and  Mrs. 
Charles  C.  Coleman.  Covers  will  be  laid 
for  thirty-five. 


ANNOUNCEMENT  OF  DINNER 
PARTY 

Chicago  Herald 

Miss  Camille  Russell  Ward  of  1891 
Grand  boulevard,  who  made  her  d^but 
Thanksgiving  day,  will  give  a  dinner  Sun- 
day in  honor  of  Miss  Irene  Rice,  daughter  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  G.  Rice  of  3736  Elton 
avenue,  who  is  to  be  married  Dec.  29  to 
Edmund  Cook,  son  of  Dr.  and  Mrs.  E. 
Walton  Cook. 


DANCE  FOR  CHARITY 

Chicago  Herald 

Hungry  babies  will  be  fed,  and  the  coffers 
of  at  least  a  dozen  South  Side  day  nurseries 
will  be  filled,  from  the  proceeds  of  the  an- 
nual ball  of  the  Friendly  Aid  Society  to  be 
given  Monday  evening  at  the  Blackstone 


Hotel.  Mrs.  Edward  E.  Hammond  is  presi- 
dent of  the  society.  The  beneficiaries  in- 
clude Bethlehem  Creche,  Chicago  Refuge 
for  Girls,  Children's  South  Side  Free  Dis- 
pensary, Home  for  Convalescent  Women 
and  Children,  Home  for  Destitute  Crip- 
pled Children,  Jackson  Park  Sanitarium, 
Legal  Aid  Society,  Margaret  Etter  Creche, 
Stockyards  Day  Nursery,  Boys'  Shelter, 
Visiting  Nurses  and  the  Juvenile  Protec- 
tive Association. 


SORORITY'S  FORMAL  PARTY 

Kansas  City  Star 

The  spring  formal  of  the  Kappa  Alpha 
Theta  Sorority  was  given  in  F.  A.  A.  Hall 
Friday  evening.  The  chapter  president, 
Miss  Elsa  Bartell,  and  the  house  mother, 
Mrs.  Anna  Stratton,  headed  the  receiving 
line.  A  very  clever  electrical  effect  was 
carried  out  in  the  sorority  colors,  gold  and 
black.  Kansas  City  guests  were  Mr.  Em- 
mett  Donnet,  Mr.  Arthur  Dix,  Mr.  James 
Sampson,  Mr.  Carl  Bright,  Mr.  Edward  Dix, 
Mr.  Robert  Campbell,  Mr.  Harland  Hamil- 
ton, Mr.  Albert  Rook,  Mr.  George  Bright, 
Mr.  Ivan  Bean,  Mr.  Ben  Sweet,  Mr.  Charles 
Hagen  and  Mr.  Richard  Smith.  Kansas 
City  Thetas  are:  Miss  Marie  Hedrick,  Miss 
Emma  Mae  Root,  Miss  Katherine  Kiezer, 
Miss  Louisa  Hedrick,  Miss  Helen  Tompkins, 
Miss  Barbara  Martin,  Miss  Marjorie  Hile, 
Miss  Mable  Perkins,  Miss  Elsa  McClure, 
Miss  Ida  Perry,  Miss  Caroline  Nutt,  Miss 
Virginia  Gray  and  Miss  Josephine  Stone. 


CLUB   DANCE 

New  York  Herald 

A  dance  for  the  members  of  the  Colony 
Club  will  be  given  in  the  Marseilles  Hotel 
to-morrow  night.  The  patronesses  will  in- 
clude Mmes.  Edward  Burton  Williams, 
William  Grant  Brown,  Emma  lup  Ed- 
wards, H.  W.  Harding,  Hartwell  B.  Grubb, 
William  L.  Sands,  Edward  Donnelly, 
Harry  Grimes  and  Upton  Slingluff,  and 
Misses  Florence  Guernsey  and  Ella  L. 
Henderson. 


228 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


DANCING  PARTY 

Chicago  Herald 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frederick  W.  Maxwell  of 
West  Walton  place  gave  a  dance  last  night 
at  the  Chicago  Latin  School  for  their 
daughter,  Miss  Rosalie  Maxwell,  and  her 
young  friends  at  home  from  school  for  the 
holidays. 


MUSICALE 

Chicago  Post 

Mrs.  Lamson  Neil  Pelham  of  Evanston 
entertained  a  number  of  guests  at  a  musical 
this  afternoon  at  3  o'clock  at  her  home, 
1460  Appleton  avenue.  She  was  assisted 
by  Mrs.  Henry  P.  Parker  and  Mrs.  Walter 
W.  White.  The  artists  were  Mr.  Heath 
Gregory,  who  gave  a  group  of  songs,  and 
Mr.  Theodore  du  Moulin,  celhst  of  the  Chi- 
cago Orchestra,  with  Mr.  Shynman  as 
accompanist.  The  house  was  prettily  dec- 
orated and  in  every  room  there  were  masses 
of  flowers  and  pots  of  heather. 


COLLEGE  ALUMNAE  MEETING 

Chicago  Herald 

The  regular  meeting  of  the  Chicago 
Alumnae  Association  of  Kappa  Kappa 
Gamma  will  be  held  Dec.  30,  in  room  A  of 
the  Chicago  College  Club.  Mrs.  L.  J.  Lam- 
son will  talk  during  the  tea  hour  on  the  work 
and  needs  of  the  Margaret  Etter  Creche, 
which  was  founded  by  Mary  F.  Etter,  a 
Kappa  of  Epsilon  Chapter.  Miss  Louise 
Merrill,  a  former  president  of  this  associa- 
tion, will  pour. 


ANNOUNCEMENT    OF    LUNCHEON 
Philadelphia  Ledger 

Mrs.  Seymour  Thornton  has  issued  cards 
for  a  luncheon  at  the  Ritz-Carlton,  to  be 
followed  by  a  matinee  theatre  party,  Satur- 
day, December  19,  in  honor  of  Miss  Elinor 
Judd  Wilson,  the  debutante  daughter  of 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Wilson.  Among 
the  guests  wiU  be  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Wilson, 
Mrs.  Joseph  B.  Melton,  Miss  Katharine 
Torrey,  Miss  Marjorie  Deland,  Miss 
Eleanor  B.  Robinson,  Miss  Ethel  Hastings, 
Miss  Frances  Tyler,  Miss  Elizabeth  C. 
Jenkins,  Miss  Eleanore  Curtis,  Miss  EUz- 
abeth  E.  Mills,  Miss  Helena  Rawlins,  Miss 
Christine  Rice  and  Miss  Edith  Harrold. 


ANNOUNCEMENT  OF  THEATRE 
PARTY 

Philadelphia  Ledger 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  T.  Bradford  Cotton  have 
sent  out  invitations  for  a  theatre  party, 
followed  by  supper,  at  their  home,  1802 
Ashbury  place,  Monday  night.  Miss  Hilda 
Taylor,  the  debutante  daughter  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Thomas  R.  Taylor,  of  Medina,  is  to 
be  the  guest  of  honor  and  the  other  guests 
are  to  be  debutantes  and  men  of  the 
younger  set  to  the  number  of  18. 


THEATRE  PARTY 

Philadelphia  Ledger 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  Francis  Chelten- 
ham gave  a  theatre  party  last  night  in 
honor  of  Miss  Margaret  Rand,  daughter  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  Augustus  Rand. 
Afterwards  the  guests  were  entertained  at 
a  supper  at  the  Ritz-Carlton. 


CARD  PARTY 
Kansas  City  Star 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Grant  Milton  Coffey  enter- 
tained with  an  auction  bridge  party  Friday 
evening,  at  which  the  engagement  of  their 
sister,  Marion  Perkins  Clark,  to  Dr.  Earl 
Bispam  was  announced.  The  place  cards 
were  water  colored  sketches  of  Cupid  carry- 
ing envelopes  in  which  were  the  announce- 
ments. Favors  were  won  by  Miss  Eugenia 
Devine,  Mrs.  J.  W.  Harter,  Dr.  Earl  Bis- 
pam and  Mr.  Benjamin  G.  Root.  Guests 
were  limited  to  the  friends  of  Miss  Clark. 


SOCIETY 


229 


CARD  PARTY 

Philadelphia  Ledger 

A  "500"  party  will  be  given  by  the  fem- 
inine members  of  the  Valley  Green  Canoe 
Club  in  the  clubhouse  Saturday  afternoon 
at  3  o'clock,  to  be  followed  by  a  buffet  sup- 
per and  dancing  in  the  evening.  The  en- 
tertainment will  mark  the  opening  of  the 
new  English  grill  room,  where  the  dancing 
will  take  place,  and  also  the  new  library 
and  reception  hall.  The  members  who 
have  charge  of  the  affair  are:  Mrs.  James 
Perkins,  Mrs.  Edmund  Chynoweth,  Miss 
Bessie  Maxwell,  Miss  Irene  Carter,  Miss 
Margaret  Creig  and  Miss  Mabel  N.  Don- 
aldson. 


DEBUTANTE'S  PARTY 

Philadelphia  Ledger 

Miss  Elsa  Catlin,  debutante  daughter  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Theodore  W.  CatUn,  will  be 
the  guest  of  honor  at  a  party  which  John 
Wilkins  Frothingham,  Jr.,  of  School  House 
lane,  Germantown,  will  give  at  The  Rabbit 
tomorrow  night.  The  chaperones  will  be 
Mrs.  Catlin  and  Miss  Sarah  Wilkins  Froth- 
ingham, the  latter  the  sister  of  the  host. 
The  guests  will  be  Miss  Charlotte  Harding, 
Miss  Virginia  Racine,  Miss  Emilie  P.  Jack- 
son, Miss  Josephine  Wooton,  Miss  Alice 
Thompson,  Miss  Margaret  Burton,  Miss 
Cordelia  Brown,  Miss  Pauline  Dickens, 
Albert  E.  Kennedy,  Jr.,  William  Barry, 
Rodney  N.  Land,  Harry  R.  Neil,  John  C. 
Bell,  Jr.,  Thomas  K.  Fenton,  Jr.,  Alexander 
Mercer,  Jr.,  Joseph  G.  B.  Renton,  John  B. 
Knox,  2d,  Barclay  Wood,  Lewis  Smith  and 
Andrew  Van  Brunt. 


ENTERTAINMENTS  FOR  DIS- 
TINGUISHED GUEST 

Philadelphia  Ledger 

Mrs.  Pethick  Lawrence  will  be  given 
several  entertainments  during  her  stay  in 
this  city.  A  reception  will  be  held  for  her 
tonight  at  the  home  of  Miss  Mary  McMur- 
trie,  1104  Spruce  street.    Those  who  will 


receive  with  Miss  McMurtrie  and  Mrs. 
Lawrence  will  be  Mrs.  Edward  Troth,  Miss 
Anne  H.  Wharton,  the  writer,  Mrs.  Edward 
Parker  Davis,  Mrs.  Morris  Jastrow,  Mrs. 
Francis  D.  Patterson  and  Mrs.  Thomas  F. 
Kirkbride. 

Mrs.  Lawrence  will  be  the  guest  of  Mrs. 
H.  H.  Donaldson  over  Sunday. 


VISIT 


Chicago  Herald 

Ensign  and  Mrs.  Wilson  K.  Spring  of 
Boston  are  visiting  their  parents,  Colonel 
and  Mrs.  Taylor  E.  Sprmg,  at  9652  Ken- 
wood avenue.  Mrs.  W.  K.  Spring  was  Miss 
Florence  Berwin  before  her  marriage  last 
August.  They  will  return  immediately  after 
New  Year's  to  join  Ensign  Spring's  ship 
"Oklahoma,"  which  wiU  sail  early  in  Jan- 
uary for  Cuba. 


ENTERTAINMENTS  FOR  GLEE 
CLUB 

Chicago  Post 

The  program  to  be  rendered  this  year  by 
the  Harvard  Musical  Clubs  on  Wednesday 
evening,  Dec.  30,  at  8: 15  o'clock,  in  Orches- 
tra Hall,  is  an  especially  attractive  one. 
The  Glee  Club,  which  last  year  distin- 
guished itself  by  winning  a  competitive 
glee  club  meet  in  New  York,  occupies  the 
central  position.  Three  Chicago  men  are 
making  the  tour  this  year.  They  are  Mr. 
Arthur  Dee,  3d,  of  Oak  Park,  Mr.  S.  P. 
Priestley  and  Mr.  D.  H.  Curtis,  who  was 
this  year  chosen  assistant  manager  of  the 
clubs. 

Following  the  concert  Mrs.  John  Cotton 
Barclay,  240  Lake  Shore  drive,  will  give  a 
dance  at  her  home  in  honor  of  the  members 
of  the  clubs.  As  the  dance  this  year  is  to 
take  place  in  a  private  home,  the  invita- 
tions are  limited.  Mrs.  Barclay's  son,  Mr. 
Burton  Barclay,  is  a  Harvard  man,  and 
his  roommate,  Mr.  Charles  Brunswick  of 
Detroit,  formerly  of  Chicago,  is  a  member 
of  the  Glee  Club  and  will  take  part  in  the 
concert. 


230 


TYPES   OF   NEWS  WRITING 


Mrs.  Charles  C.  Graves,  1404  Oaklawn 
place,  will  be  among  those  giving  dinners 
before  the  concert. 


ENTERTAINMENT    FOR    CHARITY 

New  York  Times 

Announcement  has  just  been  made  of 
the  debutantes  and  members  of  the  younger 
generation  in  society  who  are  to  take  part 
in  the  annual  entertainment  for  charity  of 
the  Junior  League,  which  is  to  be  held  on 
three  nights,  beginning  Monday,  Jan.  25, 
at  the  Waldorf-Astoria.  This  entertain- 
ment is  always  the  culmination  of  the  for- 
mal season  for  the  debutantes  who  make 
up  the  membership  of  the  League,  and  it  is 
largely  attended  by  society. 

The  entertainment  is  to  be  called  "Le 
Jour  F6rie,"  ("The  HoUday,")  and  besides 
a  programme  of  dances,  there  will  be  booths 
and  a  soda  water  fountain,  presided  over 
by  one  of  the  debutantes  of  the  season.  Re- 
hearsals for  the  dances  have  been  in  prog- 
ress for  some  time  at  the  homes  of  Mrs. 
C.  B.  Alexander,  Mrs.  John  Jacob  Astor, 
Mrs.  R.  Fulton  Cutting,  and  Mrs.  William 
J.  Schieffelin. 

Mrs.  Courtlandt  NicoU  of  405  Park 
Avenue  is  in  charge  of  the  sale  of  tickets. 

There  is  to  be  a  carnival  procession,  after 
which  the  special  dances  will  be  shown. 
Miss  Mary  J.  Schieffelin  is  Chairman  of 
the  Irish  dance,  in  which  the  Misses  Lillian 
Talmage,  Sylvia  Holt,  Eunice  Clapp,  Jose- 
phine Wells,  Marie  Thayer,  Eugenie  Rand, 
Rita  Boker,  Margaret  Erhart,  and  an  equal 
number  of  young  men  are  to  take  part. 

In  the  mirror  dance  will  be  Mrs.  Wal- 
ter Stillman,  Miss  Beatrice  G.  Pratt, 
WilUam  Boulton,  Jr.,  Lynford  Dickinson, 
and  Horace  Allen. 

Miss  Mary  Alexander  is  Chairman  of 
the  Pierrot  dance,  in  which  are  to  appear 
Mrs.  John  Rutherford,  and  the  Misses 
Elsie  Stevens,  Marie  Tailer,  Carol  Harri- 
man,  Muriel  Winthrop,  Ethel  Crocker, 
John  Elliot,  Schuyler  Parsons,  Bradish  J. 
Carroll,  Jr.,  Stuyvesant  Chanler,  Suydam 
Cutting,  George  Rushmore,  and  Reginald 
Rives. 


In  the  Russian  dance,  of  which  Miss 
Edith  Mortimer  is  Chairman,  Mrs.  Louis 
W.  Noel  and  the  Misses  Alexandra  Emery 
and  Lisa  Stillman,  with  Anderson  Dana, 
George  B.  Post,  Jr.,  Auguste  Noel,  Mau- 
rice Roche,  Gerald  Murphy,  and  Edward 
Sliippen  are  to  appear. 

Miss  Margaret  Trevor  is  in  charge  of  the 
dance  called  "Moment  Musicale,"  Miss 
Mary  Canfield  is  head  of  the  Gavotte  dance, 
and  Miss  Frances  Breese  and  Marie  Louise 
Emmet  have  organized  the  Harlequin 
dance.  Miss  Eugenie  Philbin  is  Chairman 
of  the  Frivolity  dance,  in  which  there  will 
be  a  fancy  fox  trot.  Miss  Florence  Blair 
heads  the  list  in  the  Spanish  dance,  while 
Miss  Josephine  Nicoll  is  Chairman  of  the 
Saltorella  dance  and  Miss  Gladys  Fries  of 
the  Tyrolean  dance. 

Fifty  society  girls,  many  of  them  debu- 
tantes, and  as  many  young  society  men  are 
to  take  part  in  the  carnival  procession. 


CHARITY  BAZAAR 

New  York  Herald 

Members  of  the  Universal  Sunshine  So- 
ciety, foreseeing  the  demand  that  will  be 
made  this  winter  by  the  poor  in  New  York 
for  help,  are  devoting  their  energies  to 
their  annual  bazaar,  which  is  to  be  held  in 
the  McAlpin  Hotel  on  the  afternoon  and 
evening  of  Tuesday.  Mrs.  Florence  Hart 
Jerome  is  chairman  of  the  sale. 

A  feature  of  the  bazaar  will  be  the  flag 
exhibit  at  the  Peace  and  Plenty  table,  with 
the  official  peace  flag  and  autographed 
photograph  of  the  President  which  wall  be- 
come the  property  of  the  person  who  takes 
the  flag.  Mrs.  Clarence  Burns,  president, 
Mrs.  Jane  Pierce,  general  secretary,  and 
branch  presidents  wall  preside  over  the 
various  tables.  These  will  be: — Aprons, 
Mrs.  C.  D.  Baldwin;  tea  table,  served  by 
actresses;  refreshments,  Mmes.  Damon 
Lyon,  M.  B.  Gates,  Stuart  Smith  and  J.  J. 
Coudrey,  and  the  Misses  R.  Bm-hngham, 
M.  Loughey  and  M.  Mutterer;  fancy  table, 
Mrs.  F.  H.  Dean  and  the  Misses  Eva  Bolger 
and  Edna  Schoneck;  flower  table,  Mrs.  H. 
G.  Kost  and  the  Misses  Helen  Kost,  Leo- 


SOCIETY 


231 


nore  Erikson,  Sadie  Spencer,  Helen  Gib- 
bons, Alma  Wolfe,  Margaret  Davies,  H. 
Nealy,  F.  L.  Hurt  and  L.  H.  Macdonald; 
candy  table,  Mrs.  S.  J.  Scherer;  home  made 
cake  table,  Mrs.  R.  G.  Spencer  and  the  "  In 


Memoriam"  branch,  of  Brooklyn,  Miss  M. 
de  Comps  and  small  cliildren.  Miss  Vic- 
torine  Hayes  will  sing  during  the  evening. 
The  bazaar  will  open  at  two  o'clock  and 
continue  until  midnight. 


CHAPTER  XV 

MISCELLANEOUS  LOCAL  NEWS 

Type  of  story.  Although  most  local  events  have  been  included  in  the 
various  classes  of  stories  discussed  in  preceding  chapters,  there  remain 
several  forms  of  city  news  that  require  separate  consideration.  Much  inter- 
esting, timely  information  is  to  be  found  in  schools,  public  Ubraries,  museums, 
parks,  and  various  departments  of  city  government.  As  activities  supported 
by  public  money,  these  institutions  should  be  of  interest  to  every  citizen. 
Real  estate,  building,  manufacturing,  and  business  matters  also  furnish 
news  of  considerable  interest  and  importance.  Besides  this  information, 
there  are  many  little  incidents  in  the  daily  hfe  of  every  city  that  have  no 
significance  as  news  but  that  can  be  written  up  as  entertaining  stories. 
Hotels,  railroad  stations,  docks,  and  street  cars  are  frequently  the  scenes  of 
little  comedies  and  tragedies  that  the  reporter  with  keen  insight  into  human 
life  and  with  ability  to  portray  them,  turns  into  readable  sketches.  Animals 
no  less  than  persons  may  be  the  central  figures  in  these  stories. 

Purpose.  The  aim  in  one  class  of  these  local  stories  is  to  furnish  timely, 
significant  information  in  attractive  form  concerning  pubUc  institutions  and 
business  activities.  The  purpose  of  the  other  class  is  to  entertain  the  reader 
with  little  glimpses  of  the  life  of  the  city.  Constructive  journaUsm  under- 
takes to  stimulate  the  interest  of  every  citizen  in  municipal  affairs  and  in 
public  institutions  by  putting  prominently  before  him  from  time  to  time 
significant  information  about  them. 

The  utmost  accuracy  in  presenting  information  of  public  affairs  and 
business  matters,  it  is  needless  to  say,  is  absolutely  essential.  It  is  important 
to  maintain  the  same  standard  of  truthfulness  in  writing  entertaining  feature 
stories,  not  because  their  contents  are  of  vital  importance,  but  because  a 
newspaper,  in  order  to  command  the  confidence  of  its  readers,  cannot  pre- 
sent an3rthing  in  its  news  columns  that  is  not  true.  Fictitious  details  are 
no  more  justifiable  in  feature  stories  than  in  news  stories. 

Treatment.  In  order  to  interest  the  average  reader  in  news  of  various 
municipal  activities  it  is  necessary  to  make  the  stories  attractive  in  form 
and  style.  Striking  facts  and  figures  or  unusual  statements,  featured  at  the 


MISCELLANEOUS   LOCAL   NEWS 


233 


beginning,  catch  the  reader's  eye  and  lead  him  to  read  the  story  as  long  as 
its  subject  matter  and  style  interest  him.  Effective  use  of  statistics  and  com- 
parisons is  shown  in  the  story  "Public  Schools  Open,"  p.  233.  Two  stories 
that  begin  with  unusual  statements  are  those  entitled  "School  for  Backward 
Children,"  p.  235,  and  "New  Feature  in  Manufacturing,"  p.  243. 

Since  there  is  practically  no  news  interest  in  entertaining  feature  stories, 
the  reader's  attention  is  attracted  and  held  by  the  way  in  which  the  story 
is  told.  Narrative  and  descriptive  beginnings,  conversation,  suspense,  humor 
and  other  devices  used  in  short  stories  and  novels  are  well  adapted  to  these 
news  stories. 


Note  —  The  following  story  was  published 
some  years  before  the  European  War. 

PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  OPEN 

New  York  World 

There  trooped  into  the  public  schools  of 
New  York  yesterday  an  army  without 
weapons  that  in  numbers  exceeded  the 
great  military  force  of  the  German  Empire, 
with  its  613,000  fighting  men;  that  was 
greater  than  the  standing  army  of  France, 
with  its  force  of  529,000  available  soldiers, 
and  that  more  than  doubled  Great  Brit- 
ain's defenders. 

The  school-house  doors  of  the  consoli- 
dated city  were  thrown  open  to  625,000 
pupils,  commanded  by  17,000  teachers,  or 
a  greater  number  of  commanders  than  now 
direct  the  movements  of  the  combined  mil- 
itary forces  of  the  three  powerful  nations 
in  the  world. 

The  United  States  Army,  with  its  70,000 
men  and  officers,  is  a  little  more  than  one- 
tenth  of  this  multitude.  The  entire  budget 
of  the  War  Department,  which  includes  a 
vast  expenditure  outside  of  actual  expense 
for  the  maintenance  of  the  army  posts  in 
time  of  peace,  was  $103,000,000  last  year. 
New  York's  Board  of  Education,  which  in 
1907  spent  $19,845,870  for  teachers'  sala- 
ries alone,  has  asked  this  year  for  $31,641,- 
326.75  to  carry  out  its  plans  for  providing 
additional  accommodations  for  pupils. 

The  maintenance  on  a  peace  footing  of 
Japan's  army  of  220,000  men,  which  is  a 


Uttle  more  than  one-third  of  New  York'3 
army  of  school  children,  will  cost  $35,000,- 
000  or  $40,000,000  at  the  most.  The  pay  of 
a  New  York  Superintendent  of  Schools  is 
greater  than  the  pay  of  a  German  general, 
and  only  slightly  below  that  of  a  British 
commander  of  equal  rank. 

The  eight  associate  superintendents  in 
New  York  command  larger  brigades  than 
any  of  the  officers  of  equal  rank  in  France, 
Germany  or  Austria-Hungary. 

Public  School  No.  1,  which  is  located  in 
the  most  populous  centre  in  the  city — 
Catherine,  Oliver  and  Henry  streets — and 
which  has  2,800  pupils  on  its  roster,  was 
thrown  open  at  9  o'clock  yesterday  morn- 
ing. There  is  no  other  school  like  it  in 
Manhattan,  and  its  opening  always  has 
attracted  the  interest  of  educators. 

In  the  boys'  department,  during  exer- 
cises, the  principal  cautioned  the  boys  that 
only  boys  over  ten  would  be  allowed  to  sell 
newspapers,  after  school  hours,  and  that 
each  must  get  a  license  to  do  it. 

"We  are  exceedingly  crowded  in  the 
first  grade,"  said  Mr.  Veit,  "but  I  do  not 
think  the  school  has  greatly  increased  in 
numbers.  The  removal  of  houses  for  the 
erection  of  the  Manhattan  end  of  the 
Manhattan  Bridge  has  taken  out  many 
families. 

"We  have  four  Chinese  boys  in  this 
school.  Teachers  would  never  have  ner- 
vous prostration  if  they  had  Chinese  boys 
to  teach.  They  have  great  respect  and 
reverence  for  their  teachers." 


234 


TYPES   OF  NEWS   WRITING 


All  registration  figures  were  broken  in 
the  Bronx,  and  when  the  schools  opened 
every  seat  was  filled.  At  the  Morris  High 
School,  One  Hundred  and  Sixth  street  and 
Boston  road,  of  which  John  H.  Denbeigh 
is  principal,  there  were  about  three  hun- 
dred new  applicants.  Mr.  Denbeigh  ex- 
pects there  will  be  about  two  thousand 
seven  hundred  pupils. 

There  was  a  distinct  innovation  in  the 
inauguration  of  a  school  for  deaf  mutes  in 
the  old  High  School  Building,  at  No.  235 
East  Twenty-third  street.  Superintendent 
Maxwell  is  greatly  interested  in  the  pro- 
spective work  of  the  school.  Although 
there  are  many  deaf  mute  children,  un- 
schooled, in  New  York  City,  there  were 
only  sixty-five  registered  yesterday,  owing 
to  the  fact  that  few  persons  knew  that  a 
deaf  mutes'  school  was  to  be  opened. 

Annie  Hamilton,  "stone  deaf,"  who  a 
year  ago  could  not  distinguish  a  word  or 
articulate  a  sound,  was  brought  to  the  new 
school  by  an  older  brother. 

Miss  Regan  extended  her  hand  to  the 
child  and  said:  "Good  morning,  Annie; 
how  are  you?" 

"Very  well,  thank  you,"  the  child  re- 
plied, indistinctly. 

Miss  Regan  smiled  and  shook  her  head. 
Then  she  placed  a  finger  at  the  child's  tho- 
rax and  indicated  that  the  vibrations  were 
not  as  they  should  be. 

"What  is  your  name?  "  she  asked. 

"Annie  Hamilton."  This  time  the  reply 
was  quite  plain. 

The  questions  of  the  teacher  were  un- 
derstood by  the  reading  of  the  lips. 


NEW  SCHOOLS 
Chicago  Herald 

Two  agencies  designed  to  add  to  a  boy's 
"chance  in  the  world"  were  opened  in 
Chicago  yesterday.  One  of  them  intends  to 
train  children  in  the  rudiments  of  the  art 
of  earning  a  living;  the  other  hopes  to  re- 
claim those  who,  through  lack  of  economic 
equipment,  have  stumbled  and  fallen. 

The  first  is  the  Pullman  Free  School  of 
Manual  Training,  created  under  the  terms 


of  the  will  of  George  M.  Pullman,  million- 
aire car  builder.  The  second  is  the  voca- 
tional school  for  prisoners  at  the  bride- 
well. 

Ninety  children,  two-thirds  of  whom 
were  boys,  enrolled  at  the  Pullman  school. 
It  is  designed  to  provide  free  industrial 
training  for  those  to  whom  circumstances 
otherwise  might  have  denied  it. 

The  bridewell  school  is  operated  in  con- 
junction with  the  psychopathic  hospital. 
Its  plans  were  explained  yesterday  by  John 
L.  Whitman,  superintendent  of  the  prison. 

"Many  of  the  petty  offenders  against 
law  are  mental  defectives,"  he  said.  "Lack- 
ing mental  grasp  and  manual  efficiency, 
they  soon  find  that  the  industrial  world  has 
no  place  open  for  them.  The  next  step  is 
crime.  His  sentence  at  the  bridewell  over, 
the  boy  returns  to  the  world.  Thus  society 
punishes  without  removing  the  cause  of  the 
individual's  wrongdoing. 

"By  opening  this  school  we  hope  so  to 
train  these  boys  that  when  they  return  to 
the  world  they  will,  by  virtue  of  the  train- 
ing received  at  the  bridewell,  have  at  least 
the  chance  to  do  right." 

The  enrollment  at  the  bridewell  school 
yesterday  was  twenty-five.  It  is  a  small 
beginning  for  a  big  ideal.  The  Pullman 
school  is  a  big  beginning  for  an  even  more 
worthy  ideal — making  the  need  of  "  reclaim- 
ing" unnecessary. 

Mr.  Pullman's  will  contained  a  bequest 
of  $1,250,000,  to  be  used  as  a  trust  fund  for 
the  establishment  of  the  school,  his  life's 
dream.  Trustees  under  the  will  invested 
the  money  wisely,  for  it  since  has  grown 
until  at  present  it  aggregates  more  than 
$3,000,000. 

Under  the  terms  of  the  bequest  the  school 
is  open  free  to  "the  children  of  persons  liv- 
ing in  or  employed  at  Pullman."  Thus  its 
benefits  are  not  restricted  to  children  of 
employes  of  the  Pullman  Company. 

The  courses  to  be  taught  will  include 
cabinet  work,  pattern-making,  black- 
smithing,  foundry  work,  machine  shop 
work,  electric  construction  and  steam  and 
electric  operating,  engineering,  English, 
mathematics,  drawing  and  household  arts 
and  sciences. 


MISCELLANEOUS   LOCAL   NEWS 


235 


SCHOOL  FOR  BACKWARD 
CHILDREN 

Kansas  City  Star 

"Dummy!  Dummy!  Gee,  but  you're  a 
dummy!" 

There  are  from  1,500  to  2,000  "diun- 
mies"  in  the  public  schools  of  Kansas  City, 
it  is  estimated.  They  are  the  boys  and  girls 
who  can't  have  anything  "drummed  into 
their  heads"  and  so  are  the  laughing  stock 
of  their  classmates.  Between  five  and  six 
hundred  of  them  are  feeble  minded.  A 
large  per  cent  of  the  "dummies,"  however, 
are  not  all  around  "dummies"  and  might 
be  saved  from  becoming  feeble  minded  and 
a  menace  to  society. 

"What  are  you  going  to  do  with  them?" 

That  is  the  question  Dr.  E.  L.  Mathias, 
chief  probation  officer,  is  asking  Kansas 
City. 

"Kansas  City  has  got  to  wake  up  to  the 
situation,"  said  Doctor  Mathias  yesterday 
afternoon,  in  discussing  the  report  of  the 
Juvenile  Protective  Association  of  Chicago. 
A  resume  of  the  report  was  printed  in  The 
Star  of  June  10.  In  that  article  the  state- 
ment was  made  by  one  authority  that  the 
menace  of  the  feeble  minded  w^as  even 
more  grave  than  a  foreign  war  or  a  native 
pestilence. 

"Kansas  City  is  sixteen  years  behind  the 
times  in  taking  up  this  problem,"  continued 
Doctor  Mathias.  "Boston  was  the  first 
city  to  provide  special  training  for  its  back- 
ward and  feeble  minded  children.  Other 
cities  have  followed  suit  and  Kansas  City 
must  do  the  same.  If  numerous  surveys  in 
other  cities  have  revealed  a  ratio  of  one 
feeble  minded  person  to  every  250  it  is 
reasonable  to  suppose  that  a  like  condition 
exists  in  Kansas  City. 

"Most  of  the  backward  children  in  the 
schools  are  retarded  by  some  physical  de- 
fect or  taint  of  feeble  mindedness.  A  very 
small  number  of  the  mental  defectives 
ought  to  be  in  institutions.  But  the  largest 
per  cent  of  the  retarded  children  could  be 
saved  by  being  given  special  training  in 
separate  classes. 

"The  entire  problem  of  the  feeble  minded 
is  even  more  serious.    Little  can  be  done 


with  the  adults,  except  to  place  them  in 
institutions.  Yet  much  can  be  done  with 
the  present  generation  by  directing  the 
minds  of  the  mental  defectives  into  useful 
channels  so  that  they  will  not  become  a 
burden  on  the  community  and  a  menace 
to  society." 

The  board  of  education  is  considering 
the  problem  and  probably  will  start  next 
fall  in  a  small  way  with  a  separate  class 
room  and  expert  teachers. 


READING  IN   SCHOOLS 
Christian  Science  Monitor 

Reading  is  to  be  given  especial  attention 
in  the  public  schools  of  Boston  again  this 
winter  in  the  hope  that  next  June  will  see 
the  finest  lot  of  readers  the  schools  of  the 
city  have  ever  produced. 

Five  points  are  to  be  especially  observed: 
1.  Correct  pronunciation  of  words  at  an 
acceptable  rate  of  speed;  2.  Expression  of 
the  meaning  of  what  is  read;  3.  Distinct 
reading;  4.  Pleasing  use  of  the  voice;  5. 
Ability  to  get  the  meaning  of  what  is  read 
silently. 

Silent  reading  abiUty  is  to  be  made  a 
point  of  special  attention,  as  it  calls  for  the 
application  of  the  child's  mind  to  definite 
reasoning,  which  will  in  turn  develop  his 
mental  powers. 

In  a  circular  now  being  sent  out  to  mas- 
ters of  elementary  districts  by  the  assistant 
superintendent  in  charge,  Mrs.  EUor  Car- 
hsle  Ripley,  and  approved  by  Superintend- 
ent Dyer,  they  are  requested  to  repeat  this 
year  the  general  plan  pursued  last  year  for 
increasing  the  interest  in  oral  reatUng.  They 
are  then  asked  to  devise  ways  and  means 
of  increasing  the  child's  power  to  get  ideas 
from  paragraphs  read  silently.  The  result 
is  expected  to  be  two  fold — to  make  more 
intelligent  and  pleasing  oral  reading,  and 
to  develop  in  children  a  fondness  for  read- 
ing when  it  is  done  without  the  companion- 
ship of  others. 

As  last  year  there  are  to  be  reading  con- 
tests. On  two  occasions  in  the  course  of 
this  school  year  in  all  grades  above  the 
third  the  children  will  hear,  in  their  school 


236 


TYPES   OF  NEWS   WRITING 


hall  or  some  other  selected  place,  readers 
from  their  respective  rooms.  These  read- 
ers are  to  be  selected  by  means  that  will 
tend  to  improve  the  reading  of  all  the  pupils. 

It  is  desired  that  the  first  series  of  read- 
ings will  be  concluded  by  Dec.  23  of  this 
year,  and  that  the  second  series  be  held 
during  the  week  beginning  March  27  next. 

No  centralized  arrangement  will  be  made 
this  year  for  sending  trained  readers  to  the 
schools,  but  as  all  colleges  of  reading  have 
expressed  themselves  as  very  ready  to 
co-operate  with  the  schools,  it  is  believed 
the  masters  can  secure  readers  at  desired 
times. 

Inter-district  readings  will  begin  April 
25  and  continue  to  June  1.  Each  school  is 
requested  to  send  one  reader  and  one  alter- 
nate reader  to  the  inter-district  reading  as- 
signed to  his  school.  At  these  readings 
each  child  will  be  allowed  three  minutes  for 
reading  a  familiar  section  supplied  by  his 
school.  Sight  reading  will  also  be  furnished 
and  brief  tests  of  silent  reading  will  be 
made. 


READING  TESTS  IN  SCHOOLS 
Chicago  Herald 

In  the  little  red  schoolhouse,  if  Johnnie 
was  slow  in  reading  he  was  put  in  a  corner, 
where  he  held  a  ponderous  volume,  if  he 
escaped  corporal  punishment. 

Now  if  Johnnie  is  a  pupil  in  the  elemen- 
tary department  of  the  school  of  education 
at  the  University  of  Chicago  he  is  sent  to 
the  reading  clinic  of  Dr.  C.  Truman  Gray. 

Dr.  Gray,  former  reading  expert  at  the 
University  of  Texas,  has  been  selected  by 
Director  Charles  H.  Judd  to  conduct  an 
investigation  here  financed  by  the  general 
education  board  of  New  York.  Dr.  Abra- 
ham Flexner,  head  of  the  Rockefeller  edu- 
cational body,  is  watching  the  investiga- 
tion with  interest. 

At  Dr.  Gray's  clinic  Johnnie  will  spend 
half  an  hour  a  day  for  five  days.  After 
Johnnie's  teacher  has  given  Dr.  Gray  all 
the  information  she  can  about  his  vision, 
hearing,  breathing  and  attention  Johnnie 
will  be  given  some  reading  tests. 


When  Johnnie  has  read  several  prose  se- 
lections, each  of  increased  difficulty;  several 
bits  of  poetry  of  a  similar  gradation,  and  a 
bit  of  oratory  he  will  be  given  a  set  of 
printed  questions,  to  which  he  will  write  the 
answers,  and  then  a  number  of  printed 
stories,  which  he  will  read  and  reproduce. 

A  careful  record  of  Johnnie's  time  and 
his  number  of  errors  on  each  of  these  experi- 
ments will  be  kept. 

Then  Johnnie  will  be  ready  for  the  ma- 
chines. He  will  be  taken  into  a  darkened 
room  and  a  printed  selection  will  be  pro- 
jected on  a  screen.  As  Johnnie  reads  the 
selection  a  blank  phonograph  record  will 
record  his  performance,  an  elaborate  cam- 
era will  take  pictures  of  his  eye  movements, 
and  an  instrument  fastened  over  his  chest 
will  record  his  breathing. 

A  camera  shutter  device  on  the  project- 
ing machine  will  make  it  possible  for  the 
light  to  be  shut  off  the  screen  at  any  point, 
and  the  number  of  words  he  can  recall  be- 
yond the  word  he  was  pronouncing  when 
the  selection  disappeared  will  show  the 
area  of  his  attention. 

From  the  careful  examination  of  these 
records  Dr.  Gray  hopes  to  arrive  at  the 
causes  of  poor  reading  and  to  find  reme- 
dies. 

Dr.  E.  M.  Freeman  of  the  faculty  of  the 
school  of  education  is  conducting  a  parallel 
investigation  into  the  teaching  of  writing 
in  the  school. 


MEDICAL  INSPECTION 

New  York  Globe 

The  medical  inspection  of  the  public 
school  children  is  unsatisfactory,  according 
to  the  local  school  board  of  District  29, 
Brooklyn.  This  district  lies  within  Flushing 
avenue,  Marcy  avenue,  Myrtle  avenue, 
Tompkins  avenue,  Lexington  avenue,  Sum- 
ner avenue,  Fulton  street,  Albany  avenue, 
Eastern  Parkway,  Washington  avenue, 
Fulton  street,  and  Waverly  avenue.  The 
members  of  the  board  have  been  "keeping 
tabs"  on  the  doctors  sent  to  the  schools  by 
the  Board  of  Health.  They  have  found  lit- 
tle imiformity  in  the  work,  some  visits 


MISCELLANEOUS   LOCAL  NEWS 


237 


lasting  only  a  few  minutes,  and  others  a 
whole  afternoon,  while  anywhere  from  nine 
to  thirty  pupils  have  been  examined. 

As  a  result  of  the  investigation,  the  local 
board  has  submitted  a  report  to  the  Board 
of  Education  suggesting  that  a  more  defin- 
ite method  of  examination  be  required  of 
the  visiting  physicians.  The  board  states 
that  it  "found  that  there  is  no  uniformity  in 
their  methods,  except  that  they  call  daily 
at  the  schools  assigned  to  them.  The  calls 
vary  from  five  minutes  to  one  and  a  half 
hours,  and  the  number  of  children  exam- 
ined from  one  or  two  or  none,  to  twenty  or 
thirty  per  day.  Some  of  the  physicians  visit 
the  classrooms,  and  others  see  only  the 
children  who  are  reported  by  the  teachers 
as  needing  attention." 

This  is  the  second  criticism  of  the  medi- 
cal inspection  received  by  the  Board  of 
Education  this  summer,  the  first  coming 
from  the  Principals'  Association  of  the  City 
of  New  York,  which  forwarded  resolutions 
to  the  effect  "that  the  medical  supervision 
of  our  schools  is  incomplete  and  generally 
unsatisfactory." 

While  there  is  no  marked  indication  of 
such  an  outcome  at  the  present  time,  it 
would  not  be  at  all  surprising  if  an  attempt 
were  made  by  certain  of  the  members  of 
the  Board  of  Education  to  induce  the  board 
to  take  steps  to  take  over  the  control  of  the 
medical  inspection  by  establishing  a  depart- 
ment of  school  hygiene.  This  has  been  ad- 
vocated by  City"  Superintendent  Maxwell 
and  by  Dr.  Luther  H.  Gulick,  director  of 
physical  training.  While  not  as  yet  ap- 
proved by  the  Board  of  Education,  the 
proposition  is  under  consideration  by  the 
Charter  Revision  Commission. 

The  recent  criticisms  of  medical  school 
inspection  bear  out  those  published  by  Dr. 
Maxwell  in  his  latest  annual  report,  in 
which  he  declared  that  "existing  physical 
examinations  made  by  the  Department  of 
Health  are  generally  inadequate,  and  even 
when  they  are  adequate  are  not  followed 
by  the  desired  results."  In  support  of  this 
statement  Dr.  Maxwell  quoted  from  prin- 
cipals' reports  to  show  that  in  only  248 
schools — less  than  half  the  total  number — 
were  any  examinations  made  for  physical 


defects — as  distinguished  from  examina- 
tions to  detect  contagious  disease.  In  these 
248  schools  not  more  than  one-third  of  the 
pupils  were  examined.  It  is  only  a  few 
months  since  any  examinations  for  physical 
defects  were  made  outside  of  the  boroughs 
of  Manhattan  and  the  Bronx,  and  then  only 
because  of  the  criticisms  emanating  from 
the  New  York  committee  of  physical  wel- 
fare of  school  children. 


PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

Milwaukee  Sentinel 

"In  the  thirty-seven  years'  history  of 
the  Milwaukee  public  library  we  have  never 
been  able  to  trace  a  single  case  of  conta- 
gious disease  to  a  library  book  that  had 
been  passed  from  a  home  in  which  the 
disease  existed  to  one  hitherto  free." 

This  was  the  reply  of  J.  V.  Cargill,  as- 
sistant librarian  of  the  Milwaukee  public 
library,  to  Dr.  John  Dill  Robertson,  health 
commissioner  of  Chicago,  who  has  expressed 
the  belief  that  hbrary  books  are  a  medium 
for  spreading  such  diseases  as  grippe,  soi'e 
throat,  measles,  whooping  cough,  small  pox, 
diphtheria,  scarlet  fever,  tuberculosis  and 
erysipelas.  Dr.  Robertson  has  sent  a  letter 
to  Librarian  Henry  E.  Legler  of  the  Chi- 
cago public  library  asking  co-operation  in  an 
effort  to  stamp  out  any  danger  of  spreading 
diseases  in  this  way. 

According  to  Mr.  Cargill  every  possi- 
ble effort  is  made  by  the  Milwaukee 
hbrary  to  prevent  the  spread  of  disease. 
In  this  the  officials  co-operate  with  the  Mil- 
waukee health  department.  Daily  lists  of 
the  homes  in  which  contagious  disease  is 
found  are  furnished  to  the  library,  and 
books  that  are  returned  from  such  homes 
are  fumigated  in  a  large  vault  at  the  main 
hbrary.  When  a  health  inspector  visits  a 
home  in  which  there  is  contagious  disease, 
one  of  his  first  questions  is  whether  or  not 
there  are  library  books.  If  such  books  are 
foimd  the  cards  identifying  them  are  re- 
moved by  the  inspector  and  mailed  to  the 
library,  according  to  Mr.  Cargill.  When  the 
patient  recovers  and  the  health  depart- 
ment  fumigates   the   house,    the   hbrary 


238 


TYPES   OF   NEWS   WRITING 


books  are  also  fumigated  as  an  added  pre- 
caution. 

The  average  book  passing  from  home  to 
home  is  never  fumigated  or  otherwise  dis- 
infected, Mr.  Cargill  admitted,  but  he  ex- 
pressed doubt  that  any  diseases  were  spread 
by  such  books. 

Among  the  ways  in  which  Dr.  Robertson 
of  Chicago  says  disease  may  be  spread  are 
the  following:  Dampening  the  fingers  to 
turn  pages,  placing  books  open  side  down- 
ward upon  a  bed,  coughing  or  sneezing 
upon  the  pages  or  giving  books  to  convales- 
cent patients. 


MUSEUM 
New  York  Times 

Rain  gods,  storm  charms,  rattles  to 
make  the  thunder  come,  strange  amulets 
which  invite  the  lightning,  more  than  five 
hundred  devices  in  all  which  the  Zuni  In- 
dians believe  open  up  the  sluice-ways  of  the 
skies,  were  unpacked  early  j-esterday  morn- 
ing at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History. 

They  had  just  come  from  New  Mexico, 
where  they  had  been  collected  for  the  mu- 
seum by  Dr.  A.  L.  Kroeber  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  California,  who  at  great  trouble  and 
expense  had  induced  the  bad  weather  gods 
to  come  east.  About  the  time  the  lid  came 
off  the  first  packing  case  the  wind  carried 
sheets  of  water  against  the  attic  where  the 
collection  is  now  on  view  and  the  tempest 
howled  and  shrieked  until  the  little  rain 
gods  themselves  shook  under  the  hurly 
burly  out-of-doors.  The  water  god.  Long 
Horn,  rolled  over  to  where  the  flower  god 
was  lying,  and  shook  himself  for  very  joy, 
for  he  felt  that  the  man  tribe  of  this  great 
city  would  certainly  be  very  thankful  for 
all  the  downpour. 

It  is  so  dry  in  the  venerable  town  of  the 
cliff  dwellers,  Zuni,  that  most  of  the  time 
the  streets  are  filled  with  dust,  and  top 
stories  of  the  old  cliff  dwellings  powder  up 
and  blow  away  in  all  directions.  The  In- 
dians have  lived  there  for  365  years  with- 
out being  in  any  way  affected  by  the  man- 
ners and  customs  of  the  white  men,  accord- 


ing to  Dr.  Kroeber,  who  has  just  come  from 
a  residence  of  several  months  among  them. 
Even  though  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment has  made  a  big  reservoir  and  dug  irri- 
gation ditches  for  the  Zunis,  they  still  keep 
up  their  primitive  worship,  which  revolves 
around  the  prayer,  "Gods,  give  us  rain." 
As  the  tribe  lives  almost  entirely  upon  the 
maize  it  raises,  the  ceremonies  of  rain- 
making  bear  an  important  part  in  its  life. 
Most  of  the  conversation  of  the  Zunis  con- 
sists of  "Do  you  think  there  will  be  a 
shower? "  and  "Neighbor,  how  is  your  corn 
gro-n-ing?" 

In  many  centuries  there  has  been  built 
up  a  ritual  for  the  worship  of  the  sky  gods 
which  is  very  intricate  and  mysterious  and 
includes  many  secret  observances.  The 
study  which  Professor  Kroeber  has  made 
is  a  very  important  one,  for  he  will  be  able 
to  describe  observances  about  which  little 
has  been  known.  Many  of  the  sacred  sym- 
bols in  his  possession  were  acquired  after 
much  trouble  and  not  a  little  risk,  for  the 
Zunis  have  an  unwritten  law  that  no  white 
man  is  to  have  any  of  the  objects  used  in 
their  ceremonies,  and  that  any  one  parting 
with  them  is  entitled  to  have  his  throat 
cut. 

The  rain  gods  are  dressed  in  fantastic 
garb,  and  the  clash  of  their  primitive  hues 
can  be  heard  at  a  great  distance.  One  of 
the  symbols  of  the  lightning  is  a  blue  pan- 
tagraphlike  arrangement  of  lattice  work 
which  suddenly  opens  out  to  represent  the 
quick  discharge  of  the  bolts  of  the  gods. 
There  are  charms  made  like  the  forked 
flashes  placed  over  the  doors  to  invite  the 
showers.  In  the  great  dances  the  partici- 
pants wear  wooden  headgear  carved  to 
represent  cloud  forms  and  the  moon  and 
stars.  Every  creature  which  loves  the  wet 
is  worked  into  the  symbolism  of  Zuni  wor- 
ship. There  are  tadpoles,  frogs,  tm-tles, 
ducks,  and  geese,  all  of  which  are  repre- 
sented by  the  masks  worn  when  the 
invocations  to  the  gods  of  the  rain  are 
given. 

There  are  rattles  made  of  shells,  which, 
attached  to  the  knees,  make  a  prodigious 
noise.  Peculiar  spindle-like  devices  at- 
tached to  long  thongs  may  be  swung  about 


MISCELLANEOUS  LOCAL  NEWS 


239 


the  head  until  they  give  a  sound  which  to 
the  Zuai  imagination  suggests  the  roll  of 
thunder.  One  of  the  most  valuable  articles 
of  the  new  collection  is  a  bowl,  probably  of 
the  period  before  Columbus  came  to  this 
continent,  which  is  notched  all  around  with 
a  step-like  device,  typifying  the  clouds  and 
adorned  with  raised  figures  of  fish  and  poUi- 
wogs  and  ducks.  It  is  filled  with  water 
when  the  rain  dances  are  given,  and  a  mass 
of  suds  is  made  in  it  by  adding  soap  weed. 
The  priest  stirs  up  the  mixture  with  his 
hands,  and  the  lather  brimming  over  the 
sides  of  the  bowl  gives  the  effect  of  fleecy 
clouds. 

The  collection,  which  is  one  of  the  most 
important  ever  brought  out  of  the  South- 
west, is  to  be  arranged  by  Dr.  Kroeber, 
who  has  obtained  a  leave  of  absence  from 
the  University  of  California  for  that  pur- 
pose. He  was  kept  in  the  Museum  all  day 
by  the  snow,  sleet,  and  rain. 


MUNICIPAL  IMPROVEMENTS 

Boston  Transcript 

Traffic  conditions  are  regarded  as  so  dan- 
gerous at  the  corner  of  Tremont  and  School 
streets,  on  account  of  the  laying  of  the 
high-pressure  pipes,  that  the  mayor  has 
ordered  the  contractor  to  work  night  and 
day,  with  forces  as  large  as  practicable, 
imtil  the  work  is  finished. 

The  mayor  was  informed  of  the  situation 
when  he  arrived  at  City  Hall  this  morning 
and  immediately  made  a  personal  inspec- 
tion. He  found  large  piles  of  dirt  at  each 
corner  of  School  street  and  wagons  used  by 
the  contractor  so  placed  in  receiving  their 
loads  that  at  times  it  was  practically  im- 
possible for  vehicular  traffic  to  move  at  all. 
School  street  is  one  of  the  one-way  thor- 
oughfares and  the  volume  of  traffic  that 
moves  into  it  at  the  corner  of  Tremont, 
from  both  Tremont  and  Beacon  streets,  is 
very  large  at  certain  times  of  the  day. 
Under  the  best  conditions  dangers  are  daily 
presented  with  swiftly  moving  automobiles 
coming  down  Beacon  Hill,  either  to  make 
the  turn  or  to  move  straight  ahead.  It  will 
probably  be  necessary  to  close  School  street 


some  time  this  week,  and,  in  fact,  many 
persons  declared  today  that  such  an  order 
might  prevent  a  serious  accident,  with  con- 
ditions continuing  as  they  are  at  present. 

The  laying  of  the  high-pressure  pipes 
along  Tremont  street  has  been  anything 
but  agreeable  to  the  contractor.  The  vari- 
ous undergroimd  wires  and  conduits  of  the 
public  service  corporations  are  orcUnarily 
well  placed  in  the  files,  but  the  ground  be- 
neath the  asphalt  of  this  thoroughfare  con- 
tained numerous  obstacles  which  were  not 
anticipated  by  the  city  engineers  who 
planned  for  the  new  system. 

At  the  corner  of  Tremont  and  Boylston 
streets  the  contractor  found  that,  in  order 
to  carry  the  pipes  in  accordance  with  the 
blue  prints,  a  huge  two-foot  main  conduit 
of  the  gas  company  would  have  to  be 
shifted.  This  caused  much  delay  and  it 
will  be  weeks  before  the  changes  will  be 
made  to  satisfy  the  city  authorities.  To- 
day a  large  space  on  the  surface  was 
boarded.  Then  followed  the  every-day 
difficulties  encountered  by  the  laborers  in 
digging  up  the  ties  of  the  old  street  rail- 
way, which  were  not  removed  when  the 
line  was  banished  from  the  street. 

Today  the  laborers  met  with  a  still  greater 
surprise  when  they  encountered  solid  rock, 
brick  and  concrete  obstructions  far  beneath 
the  surface,  and  also  deeply  imbedded  piles 
which  had  remained  in  the  earth  for  scores 
of  years  and  which  do  not  appear  on  any 
blue  print  of  the  street  that  the  City  Hall 
records  contain.  It  was  learned,  however, 
that  the  tunnels  of  brick  and  concrete  were 
parts  of  an  old  steam-heating  system  in- 
stalled many  years  ago  by  a  company  that 
planned  to  heat  buildings  at  much  less  cost 
to  the  occupants  than  could  possibly  be 
done  by  individual  plants.  These  opera- 
tions were  of  short  duration,  and  when 
they  were  given  up,  the  city  authorities 
failed  to  oblige  the  removal  of  the  tunnels, 
which  are  eight  feet  beneath  the  surface 
and  of  no  hindrance  to  the  other  under- 
ground works. 

The  laborers  are  also  digging  up  today 
the  remnants  of  the  physical  property  of  the 
old  Massachusetts  Telephone  Company, 
which  existed  nearly  twenty  years  ago. 


240 


TYPES   OF  NEWS   WRITING 


MUNICIPAL  WORK 

Springfield  Republican 

Co-operation  between  the  city  and  the 
public  service  corporations  to  a  greater 
extent  than  before  in  order  to  prevent  the 
tearing  up  of  newly  laid  pavement  is  ex- 
pected to  result  from  the  Dickinson-street 
case,  in  which  a  pavement  that  has  been 
down  only  two  years  is  being  broken  open 
so  that  the  United  electric  light  company 
can  put  in  its  conduits.  Samuel  L.  Wheeler, 
inspector  of  underground  wires  and  con- 
duits, who  prescribes  what  wires  shall  be 
put  underground  each  year,  will  try  to 
place  before  the  public  service  associates 
the  plans  for  his  work  a  year  or  more  in 
advance.  Thus  the  companies  will  have  a 
chance  to  get  their  wires  underground 
before  the  streets  are  paved. 

Mr  Wheeler  is  obliged  by  law  to  order 
a  mile  of  wire  put  underground  each  year 
in  order  that  eventually  all  wires  within  a 
two-mile  radius  of  the  City  hall  shall  be 
underground.  In  his  15  years  of  work  this 
is  the  first  time  that  such  a  situation  as 
that  on  Dickinson  street  has  arisen.  Super- 
intendent Fred  H.  Clark  of  the  department 
of  streets  and  engineering  said  yesterday 
that  no  one  is  really  to  blame,  since  the 
street  had  to  be  paved  when  it  was,  and  it 
was  impossible  at  the  time  to  order  the 
wires  underground  before  the  paving  was 
put  down.  The  electric  light  company  has 
expressed  its  wallingness  to  co-operate  in 
every  way  that  it  can.  The  supervisors 
have  ordered  the  paving  of  Pine  street  and 
between  Cedar  and  Walnut  streets  the 
company's  wires  are  still  above  ground. 
Although  Mr  Wheeler  has  not  ordered 
these  wires  to  be  put  underground,  the 
company  has  said  it  will  try  to  get  them 
under  even  though  its  appropriation  for 
this  work  has  been  made  for  the  year. 

The  supervisors  and  the  street  railway 
oflBcials  will  confer  tliis  afternoon  to  plan 
for  the  relaying  of  tracks  so  that  the  work 
will  precede  street  paving.  The  company 
intends  to  relay  its  tracks  on  Main  street 
between  the  arch  and  the  car  barns  and  on 
Chestnut  street  between  Allendale  street 
and  Jefferson  avenue.  Paving  is  to  be  done 


on  these  streets  but  it  will  follow  the  track 
work.  The  company  does  not  want  to 
relay  its  tracks  on  State  street  near  the 
New  England  railroad,  however,  although 
the  city  wants  to  pave  there,  and  a  similar 
situation  may  arise  on  other  streets  where 
the  company  thinks  its  tracks  good  for  a 
year  or  two  longer.  It  is  to  consider  these 
situations  that  the  conference  will  be  held. 


NEW  MUNICIPAL  EQUIPMENT 

Boston  Transcript 

Bursting  water  mains  are  not  so  great  a 
menace  in  Boston  since  the  water  depart- 
ment installed  a  motor  truck  with  a  power 
apphance  for  quickly  closing  the  heavy 
gates.  Work  which  formerly  required  four 
men,  laboring  continuously  for  forty-five 
minutes,  can  be  done  in  ten  minutes  by 
using  the  power  of  the  truck.  This  mechan- 
ical device,  an  invention  of  George  H. 
Finneran,  superintendent  of  the  distribu- 
tion branch  of  the  water  department,  not 
only  conserves  the  water  supply  and  re- 
duces the  damage  due  to  breaks,  but  per- 
mits of  rapid  regulation  of  water  volume 
at  fires,  facilitates  the  testing  of  gates  and 
relieves  the  anxiety  always  attending  de- 
rangement or  damage  to  the  water  system. 

In  one  of  Boston's  most  important  thor- 
oughfares, lined  with  costly  buildings, 
there  is  a  water  main  which,  if  completely 
broken  apart,  would  allow  the  escape  of 
50,000  gallons  of  water  each  minute.  Con- 
trolling this  hne  are  gate  valves  thirty-six 
inches  in  diameter  which,  in  closing,  re- 
quire 307  turns  of  a  gate  wrench  and,  for- 
merly, the  services  of  four  men  for  about 
forty-five  minutes.  A  few  minutes'  delay 
sometimes  meant  the  loss  of  life  and  thou- 
sands of  dollars.  These  gates,  the  largest 
in  the  city,  can  now  be  closed  in  ten  min- 
utes by  one  man  and  the  motor  truck, 
which  was  buUt  for  the  purpose  by  the 
White  Company  of  Cleveland. 

The  truck  is  required  to  respond  to  fire 
alarms  and  other  emergencies  w^here  water 
must  be  controlled  to  prevent  lose  or  dam- 
age. The  calls  are  frequently  overlapping, 
and  crews  are  on  duty  day  and  night.  The 


MISCELLANEOUS  LOCAL  NEWS 


241 


runs  vary  from  one  block  to  the  farthest 
end  of  the  water  system.  Under  the  old 
scheme,  when  several  gates  had  to  be  closed, 
the  few  men  available  at  night  were  almost 
exhausted  before  shutting  the  last  gate. 
By  its  ability  to  work  continuously  the 
truck  has  reheved  the  fear  of  being  unable 
to  cope  with  any  emergency. 

The  gate-closing  device  consists  of  a 
universal  wrench  socket  with  a  worm  gear, 
enclosed  in  an  aluminum  housing  and 
mounted  on  the  running  board  of  the  truck, 
so  that  it  can  be  easily  brought  into  posi- 
tion immediately  over  a  water-gate  man- 
hole. When  the  truck  is  in  position  a 
wrench  is  slipped  through  the  socket.  This 
wrench  fits  the  nut  on  the  gate-gear  below. 
The  universal  wrench  socket,  together  with 
a  universal  joint  on  the  end  of  the  wrench, 
affords  sufficient  flexibility  in  case  the 
truck  is  not  on  level  ground,  or  in  case  the 
wrench  socket  is  not  directly  over  the  gate 
nut.  It  is  an  easy  matter,  however,  for  the 
driver  to  bring  his  truck  into  the  exact 
position. 

The  worm  gear  is  driven  off  the  regular 
transmission  of  the  truck.  The  device  is 
operated  by  a  lever  placed  upon  the  side 
of  the  truck  and  easily  accessible  to  the 
driver.  In  closing  gates  the  forward  speeds 
of  the  transmission  are  used.  In  opening 
the  reverse  is  used.  All  gears  are  made  of 
chrome  or  nickel  steel.  All  bearings  are 
ball  bearings.  The  aluminum  housing  is 
firmly  bolted  to  the  frame  of  the  chassis 
and  well  braced  to  resist  torque.  The 
wrench  is  a  hollow  square  steel  tube  ter- 
minating in  a  specially  hardened  steel 
socket  with  universal  joint  between  socket 
and  tube. 

The  gates  are  equipped  with  indicators 
showing  the  position  of  the  valve  and  in- 
forming the  operator  when  the  valve  is 
seated  or  entirely  opened.  Where  indica- 
tors have  not  been  attached  to  the  gates  a 
counter  is  used.  This  counter  is  placed  on 
the  end  of  the  wrench  recording  the  number 
of  its  revolutions.  This  helps  the  operator 
to  determine  when  the  valve  is  entirely  up 
or  down.  As  a  means  of  safety  in  the  event 
of  the  valve  seating  with  force  or  before 
the  operator  expected,  a  pin  of  known 


strength,  placed  in  the  universal  joint  of 
the  wrench,  breaks  off  and  breaks  the  line 
of  force  between  the  engine  and  the  gate, 
thus  preventing  damage  to  either  the  gate 
or  the  gate-operating  device. 


SAFETY  CAMPAIGN 

New  York  Herald 

With  the  belief  that  Long  Island  will  be 
the  touring  ground  for  more  motor  cars 
this  summer  than  ever  before,  largely  on 
account  of  the  European  war,  James  A. 
McCrea,  general  manager  of  the  Long 
Island  Railroad,  has  announced  the  begin- 
ning of  a  campaign  of  sign  display  asking 
the  pubHc  to  co-operate  with  the  railroad 
in  saving  human  life. 

Enormous  signs,  2^^x10  feet,  electrically 
illuminated  at  night,  will  be  stretched 
across  the  highways,  in  many  cases  at- 
tached to  the  structure  of  the  modern  over- 
head crossings,  making  a  plea  to  the  motor- 
ists as  they  speed  under  them  to  be  careful 
in  approaching  and  passing  over  the  grade 
crossings  that  still  remain  on  the  main 
highways  of  the  island.  The  railroad  has 
eliminated  more  than  three  hundred  grade 
crossings  at  an  expense  of  15  million  dol- 
lars, and  yet  fatal  accidents  occur  in  some 
places  where  there  is  a  wide  open  view  of 
the  railroad  in  both  directions.  There  are 
still  631  grade  crossings  between  New  York 
City  and  Montauk  Point.  Of  these  more 
than  three  hundred  are  guarded  by  gate- 
men,  two  at  some  points,  at  a  cost  to  the 
railroad  of  $25,000  a  month. 

Careful  motorists  do  not  combat  in  the 
least  the  statement,  frequently  made  by 
the  railroad  officers,  that  many  of  the  fatal 
grade  crossing  accidents  on  Long  Island 
were  the  result,  pure  and  simple,  of  the 
motorists'  recklessness.  Many  of  them 
drive  too  carelessly  over  the  crossings,  the 
officers  maintain,  assuming  all  the  time 
that  the  locomotive  driver  is  looking  out  for 
them.  Mutual  watchfulness  is  observed  in 
the  city,  and  it  is  contended  that  the  same 
should  be  true  in  the  country. 

Ten  great  signs  already  have  been  erected 
at  prominent  points,  where  they  cannot 


242 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


fail  to  attract  the  attention  of  motorists. 
They  are  in  black  and  white  letters  that 
may  be  read  several  blocks  away.  They 
caution : 


THIS  SIGN  MAY  SAVE  YOUR  LIFE  TODAY. 


All  the  precautions  in  the  world 
\\ill  not  save  the  lives  of  those  who 
drive  automobiles  recklessly  over 
railroad  crossings. 

When  approaching  a  crossing  please 
stop,  look  and  listen. 

We  are  doing  our  part.  Won't  you 
do  yours? 

LONG   ISLAND  RAILROAD. 


Mr.  McCrea  says  the  grade  crossing 
problem  has  been  a  stupendous  one,  par- 
ticularly since  the  advent  of  the  motor  car. 
He  is  open  to  suggestions  that  will  elimi- 
nate the  danger  at  any  point  and  immedi- 
ately accepted  two  that  were  made  to  him 
by  persons  interested  only  in  the  safety  of 
the  public  in  general.  One  was  in  reference 
to  a  dangerous  crossing,  now  guarded  by 
men  and  lights,  but  where  the  conforma- 
tion of  the  ground  so  places  the  lights  that 
they  are  practically  valueless  as  a  warning. 
The  other  was  in  reference  to  the  color  of 
the  gates  used  by  the  Long  Island  Railroad 
and  all  others  in  this  country.  The  univer- 
sal custom  in  this  countrj'  is  to  paint  the 
gates  white. 

In  Europe,  particularly  in  Germany  and 
Austria,  all  the  railroad  gates,  toll  gates 
and  custom  house  gates  are  painted  black 
and  white.  They  can  be  seen  for  long  dis- 
tances and  are  almost  as  easily  observed 
in  the  night  as  in  the  day. 

Not  only  is  the  railroad  putting  up  signs 
calling  the  attention  of  motorists  to  the 
danger  of  driving  recklessly  over  grade 
crossings;  it  will  conduct  an  advertising 
campaign  with  a  series  of  "life  saving  bul- 
letins." These  will  appear  regularly  and 
will  plead  for  greater  care  on  the  part  of 
motorists.  One  of  its  ' '  life  saving  bulletins  " 
will  read  in  part: 

Watch  for  the  flagman's  lantern. 
Listen  for  the  warning  bell. 
Slow  down. 
Look  up  and  down  the  rails. 


We  are  doing  all  that  time  and  money 
permits  in  abolishing  grade  crossings. 
Will  you  help  us  end  accidents  by  doing 
your  share? 


BUSINESS  MERGER 

Milwaukee  Sentinel 

Through  a  deal  involving  about  $400,000, 
the  Milwaukee- Western  Fuel  company  has 
bought  out  entirely  the  docks,  property  and 
business  of  the  Northwestern  Fuel  com- 
pany's Milwaukee  branch. 

The  big  merger  has  been  pending  for  a 
year.  Agreement  was  finally  reached  on 
Wednesday,  although  details  were  not 
arranged  until  Saturday.  The  Milwaukee- 
Western  will  take  full  possession  on  Mon- 
day. 

It  is  in  no  sense  a  consolidation.  As  far 
as  Milwaukee  business  is  concerned  the 
Northwestern  Fuel  company  has  ceased  to 
exist.  As  one  of  its  Milwaukee  officials 
remarked  after  the  deal  was  closed,  "They 
have  swallowed  us  whole,  head  and  tail." 

The  Northwestern  company  was  one  of 
the  oldest  coal  firms  in  Milwaukee,  having 
had  offices  here  for  thirty-two  years.  In 
sales  it  did  a  yearly  business  in  the  city  of 
about  $2,000,000. 

The  deal  brings  a  great  amount  of  valu- 
able property  into  the  hands  of  the  Mil-  m 
waukee- Western  Fuel  company.  Its  bought  1 
out  rival  had  on  hand  about  75,000  tons  of 
coal.  It  possessed  two  large  coal  docks. 
One,  at  the  foot  of  W^ashington  street,  with 
two  slips  on  the  Kinnickinnic  river,  is 
1,000x500  feet  in  size.  This  dock  is  on  the 
Chicago  and  North-Western  road.  The 
other  is  at  the  foot  of  Seventeenth  street 
and  has  1,000  feet  frontage  on  the  Me- 
nomonee  river.  It  is  on  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee and  St.  Paul  road. 

The  capacity  of  the  two  docks  combined 
is  estimated  at  150,000  tons  of  anthracite 
and  200,000  tons  of  bituminous  coal.  Their 
loading  capacity  aggregates  150  cars  a  day. 

The  Milwaukee  offices  of  the  North- 
western Fuel  company  were  at  152  Second 
street.  For  a  time  they  will  be  used  by  the 
Milwaukee-Western  company  as  a  branch 


MISCELLANEOUS   LOCAL  NEWS 


243 


office.  The  Northwestern  will  also  use 
them  until  its  affairs  are  settled.  Whether 
the  offices  will  be  continued  as  a  branch  of 
the  Milwaukee-Western  Fuel  company's 
big  offices  at  14  Wisconsin  street  has  not 
yet  been  determined. 

Under  the  terms  of  the  deal  the  purchaser 
will  assume  responsibility  for  all  unfilled 
contracts  of  the  Northwestern  company. 
The  Milwaukee- Western  expects  to  be  able 
to  give  positions  to  nearly  all  the  Milwau- 
kee employes  of  the  Northwestern. 

The  deal  makes  the  Milwaukee- Western 
Fuel  company  sole  agents  in  this  city  for 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western 
road's  Scranton  anthracite  and  standard 
hard  coal,  for  which  the  Northwestern  Fuel 
company  was  also  agent. 

Officers  of  the  Milwaukee-Western  say 
that  the  change  will  increase  their  com- 
pany's business  by  from  300,000  to  400,000 
tons  yearly. 

The  headquarters  of  the  Northwestern 
Fuel  company  are  in  St.  Paul,  and  it  has 
big  docks  in  Duluth  and  Superior.  Its  chief 
business  lies  in  that  section  of  the  country. 
This  will  remain  unimpaired,  for  the  present 
deal  affects  only  the  Milwaukee  branch. 

The  officers  of  the  Milwaukee- Western 
Fuel  company  are:  President,  Edward  A. 
Uhrig;  vice  president,  Alexander  Uhrig; 
secretary  and  treasurer,  Charles  W.  Moody. 


NEW  FEATURE  IN  MANUFAC- 
TURING 

Chicago  Tribune 

This  is  the  story  of  a  world  war,  a  de- 
spairing manufacturer,  and  a  cow's  ear. 

The  despairing  manufacturer  shall  be 
nameless  here.  In  Chicago  and  all  over  the 
country  his  name  is  well  known  as  one  of 
the  greatest  makers  of  water  color  paint  in 
America. 

The  part  taken  by  the  world  war  is  told 
in  the  trade  columns,  where  its  effects  on 
industry  in  the  United  States  have  been 
vividly  shown.  The  cow's  ear  belonged  to 
a  cow  that  may  have  been  called  "  Boss"  or 
"Bess,"  but  that  isn't  so  important. 

The  agency  that  overcame  the  world 


war,  that  soothed  the  manufacturer,  that 
found  the  cow's  ear  and  introduced  the 
two  shall  receive  its  deserved  mention — it 
was  the  Chicago  Association  of  Commerce. 

It  was  more  than  a  month  ago  that  the 
water  coloV  paint  manufacturer  came  to  the 
civic  industrial  division  of  the  Commerce 
association  and  told  of  his  business  woes. 

"  We  are  about  to  shut  down  on  account 
of  the  war,"  he  said.  "We  can  send  out 
no  more  paint  to  our  trade.  For  years  we 
have  supplied  them  with  an  imported  water 
color  paint  brush  with  each  box. 

"The  brushes  are  made  in  Germany.  It 
is  a  secret  process.  They  use  either  camel's 
hair  or  rabbit's  hair  of  a  fine  quality.  They 
are  excellent  brushes.  Our  trade  is  demand- 
ing them.  We  have  none  left.  We  can  get 
no  more  on  account  of  the  war.  We  shall 
have  to  close  down." 

Anderson  Pace,  industrial  commissioner 
for  the  association,  told  the  manufacturer 
to  hold  on  a  little  longer.  He  started  in- 
quiries in  all  lines  known  to  the  association. 
The  country  was  ransacked  for  imported 
water  color  brushes,  and  all  to  no  avail. 

Then  the  investigators,  right  here  in 
Chicago,  and  without  wasting  a  postage 
stamp,  got  in  communication  with  a  stock- 
yards savant  who  was  the  originator  of  the 
boast  that  "none  of  the  pig  escaped  but  the 
squeal." 

"The  most  tender,  delicate,  yet  strong 
and  soft  hair  in  the  world  is  to  be  found 
only  in  a  cow's  ear,"  said  the  stockyards 
genius.  "Camel's  hair  and  imported  rab- 
bit's hair  can't  touch  it  for  quality.  It 
makes  the  best  water  color  brushes  that 
can  be  made." 

At  the  stockyards  today  men  with 
shears  are  snipping  the  tender  hairs  from 
Bossy's  ears  as  the  bodies  of  the  slain 
animals  are  conveyed  from  the  killing  pens. 
In  New  York  a  broker  has  made  arrange- 
ments with  a  brush  manufacturer,  who  is 
putting  out  an  article  that  artists  say  fits 
itself  much  more  readily  to  the  application 
of  water  color  than  the  old  brushes  im- 
ported from  Germany. 

In  Chicago  the  nameless  great  manu- 
facturer of  water  color  paint  despairs  no 
more.    His  plant  is  running,  his  force  is 


244 


TYPES   OF  NEWS  WRITING 


busy,  his  employes  are  happy,  and  the 
orders  are  coming  just  the  same  as  before 
the  war. 


REAL  ESTATE 
Chicago  Tribune 

Another  of  the  old  exclusive  homes  in 
the  one  time  fashionable  block  on  Prairie 
avenue  between  Eighteenth  and  Nine- 
teenth streets,  is  to  be  given  over  to  busi- 
ness uses,  the  Arthur  Meeker  residence  at 
1815,  which  has  been  purchased  by  D.  C. 
Heath  &  Co.,  school  book  publishers.  The 
conveyance  was  made  by  Mrs.  Grace  M. 
Meeker,  and  a  consideration  of  $35,000  is 
named  in  the  deed,  which  was  filed  for 
record  yesterday. 

The  house,  which  is  a  large,  attractive 
three  story  stone  structure,  was  erected  by 
Joseph  Sears  about  tliirty  years  ago,  and 
about  ten  years  ago  was  purchased  by  Mr. 
Meeker  and  extensively  remodeled  by  him. 
It  contains  twenty-one  rooms.  It  occupies 
a  lot  75x140  feet  extending  back  to  a 
twenty  foot  alley,  and  there  is  a  large 
garage  in  the  rear. 

The  Heath  company,  which  is  the  third 
largest  school  book  publishing  house  in 
the  country,  and  is  now  located  in  the 
Studebaker  building  on  South  Wabash 
avenue,  will  locate  their  business  at  their 
Prairie  avenue  purchase  about  March  1, 
using  the  house  for  their  general  offices, 
and  the  garage,  which  will  be  enlarged,  for 
their  stock  room.  The  sale  was  negotiated 
by  Eugene  A.  Bournique  &  Co. 


REAL  ESTATE 

Philadelphia  Ledger 

The  six  and  a  half  acre  plot  of  ground 
at  5th  and  Cayuga  streets,  which  has  been 
used  as  a  picnic  park  for  a  number  of 
years,  under  the  name  of  Central  Park, 
has  been  sold  by  S.  C.  Abernethy  for 
Joseph  S.  Slomkowski  to  a  builder,  who 
will  begin  the  work  of  developing  the 
ground  in  the  spring  by  the  erection  of 
about  30  houses  on  the  5th  street  front 


and  65  houses  on  Reese  street.  The  price 
paid  for  the  ground  was  close  to  $60,000. 
Practically  all  of  the  tract  has  been  sold 
with  the  exception  of  a  small  section  south 
of  Cayuga  street.  The  seller  reserves  for 
his  own  use  a  plot  of  ground  120  feet  by 
130  feet  at  the  corner  of  5th  and  Cayuga 
streets,  on  which  he  will  build  a  new  hotel. 
The  ground  sold  has  a  frontage  of  more 
than  700  feet  on  the  west  side  of  5th  street 
to  Annsbury  street,  with  a  frontage  of  307 
feet  on  Cayuga  street  to  the  North  Penn 
Railroad,  and  a  frontage  of  400  feet  on  the 
north  boundary.  The  sale  is  the  largest 
transaction  in  ground  made  in  this  section 
of  the  city  for  several  years.  Central  Park 
has  for  years  been  a  favorite  picnic  ground 
during  the  summer,  particularly  with  labor 
organizations. 


PROPOSED  NEW  HOTEL 

Boston  Transcript 

Another  large  hotel,  to  cost  about 
$1,250,000,  is  to  be  erected  in  the  retail 
section  of  the  city,  at  the  corner  of  Wash- 
ington and  Avery  streets.  The  Common- 
wealth Associates,  Inc.,  who  acquired  title 
to  the  land  last  month,  have  let  the  con- 
tract for  the  construction  of  an  eleven- 
story  building  to  the  Haynes  Construction 
Company.  Clarence  H.  Blackall  is  the 
architect  and  Hurd  ■&  Gore  are  the  con- 
sulting architects.  Morse  Brothers  have 
taken  a  lease  of  the  hotel  for  a  period  of 
twenty  years. 

With  the  exception  of  the  Washington 
street  frontage  and  about  100  feet  fronting 
on  Avery  street,  which  will  be  used  for 
stores,  the  entire  building  will  be  devoted 
to  the  purposes  of  a  first-class  commercial 
hotel.  On  the  first  floor  will  be  the  office, 
reading-room,  large  public  dining-room 
and  buffet.  In  the  basement,  under  the 
corner  of  Haymarket  place  and  Avery 
street,  there  will  be  a  rathskeller,  entered 
both  from  the  hotel  and  from  the  street, 
with  the  kitchens,  serving-rooms,  etc.,  in 
the  rear,  under  the  hotel  lobby.  A  sub- 
basement  will  contain  storerooms,  machin- 
ery, heating  plant,  etc. 


MISCELLANEOUS  LOCAL   NEWS 


245 


The  second  floor  -will  be  largely  taken  up 
by  another  public  dining-room,  banquet- 
room,  etc.,  the  remainder  of  the  building 
being  given  over  to  guest  rooms,  with  the 
exception  of  the  eleventh  story,  which  will 
contain  specially  fitted  sample-rooms  for 
commercial  travellers.  The  rooms  will  be 
unusually  spacious,  with  convenient  al- 
coves for  beds.  Large  windows  ^\^11  light 
the  room  proper  and  the  alcove.  The  finish 
will  be  of  carefully  selected  Missouri  red 
gum,  stained  a  rich  mahogany. 

The  building  will  be  fireproof  in  every 
particular,  and  will  be  constructed  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  most  approved  methods, 
practically  no  wood  being  used  except  for 
the  doors  and  windows.  All  floors  will  be 
of  concrete,  with  tile  and  marble-finished 
flooring  in  the  public  rooms  and  corridors, 
tihng  in  all  the  bathrooms  and  carpets  else- 
where. The  building  will  be  heated  and 
ventilated  in  an  approved  manner  and  fur- 
nished with  all  the  electrical  appliances. 
The  elevators  and  stairs  will  be  centrally 
located,  so  as  to  give  immediate  access  to 
all  parts  of  the  house. 

The  exterior  will  be  of  limestone  and 
brick  in  the  style  of  the  French  Renais- 
sance, which  effect  will  be  carried  through 
the  decorations  and  finish  of  the  principal 
rooms.  A  broad  marquise  finished  in 
bronze  will  mark  the  entrance  of  the  hotel 
proper  and  extend  along  the  whole  front- 
age. A  service  entrance  will  be  at  the  rear 
on  Haymarket  place. 

Leases  for  the  stores  have  already  been 
arranged  on  long  terms  with  David  H. 
Posner  and  Goes  &  Young,  both  of  whom 
have  stores  in  other  parts  of  the  city.  The 
Commonwealth  Associates,  Inc.,  owners  of 
the  property,  were  organized  through  the 
office  of  Codman  &  Street,  Easton  Build- 
ing, with  George  U.  Grocker,  president; 
Max  Shoolman,  vice  president,  and  Gerald 
G.  E.  Street,  treasurer. 


MUNICIPAL  BOND  SALE 

Springfield  Republican 

City  Treasurer  E.  T.  Tifft  yesterday  sur- 
prised himself  and  financial  experts  as  well 


by  seUing  a  bond  issue  of  $1,000,000  at  re- 
markably good  terms,  in  spite  of  the  tying 
up  of  money  by  war  conditions.  The  issue 
was  sold  to  N.  W.  Harris  &  Go  of  Boston, 
who  will  pay  the  city  a  premium  of  $5670, 
bringing  the  interest  rate  down  to  4.30  per 
cent.  This  rate  is  less  than  one-half  of  1 
per  cent  higher  than  the  rate  for  last  year's 
issue,  and  congratulations  are  coming  to 
the  city  and  to  the  city  treasurer  on  this 
success  from  many  financial  men  who  have 
been  looking  with  interest  on  this  issue  as 
the  first  test  of  the  bond  market  since  the 
war  began. 

The  bid  of  the  winning  company  was 
100.567,  while  the  second  bid  was  made  by 
the  Third  national  bank  of  this  city  offering 
100.44.  E.  H.  Rollins  Sons,  A.  B.  Leach  & 
Go,  Perry,  Coffin  &  Burr,  and  Blake  Bros 
&  Go,  all  of  Boston,  made  a  joint  bid  for 
the  issue  which  was  third,  the  bid  being 
100.176.  Of  the  $1,000,000  there  was 
$200,000  on  the  municipal  building  loan 
paying  4  per  cent,  and  the  remaining 
$800,000  is  in  41^  per  cent  bonds.  The  issue 
was  made  up  of  the  following  loans:  Muni- 
cipal building  loan,  20  years,  4  per  cent, 
$200,000;  high  school  of  commerce,  20  years, 
4J^  per  cent,  $150,000;  Fulton-street  loan, 
20  years,  4J^  per  cent,  $400,000;  Myrtle- 
street  school  addition,  20  years,  414  per 
cent,  $136,000;  land  for  school,  Franklin 
and  Greenwood  streets,  20  years,  4}^  per 
cent,  $64,000;  Brightwood  school  addition, 
20  years,  4}4  per  cent,  $25,000;  Walnut- 
street  engine  house  addition,  20  years, 
4J4  per  cent,  $25,000;  total,  $1,000,000. 

The  rate  at  which  these  bonds  were  sold 
shows  that  the  state  of  the  money  market 
is  not  as  far  from  normal  as  was  feared  by 
many  people,  and  at  the  same  time  an 
opportunity  is  given  to  local  people  to  in- 
vest in  the  city  bonds  at  a  price  which  will 
bring  them  a  better  return  than  can  be  ob- 
tained on  the  issues  in  usual  times.  These 
bonds  are  tax  exempt,  the  exemption  ex- 
tending to  the  federal  income  tax.  Interest 
on  municipal  bonds  is  collectible  without 
certificates  of  ownership  and  individuals 
are  not  required  to  report  the  income  to 
the  federal  government.  The  successful 
bidders,  N.  W.  Harris  &  Go,  are  repres^ited 


246 


TYPES   OF   NEWS  WRITING 


in  this  city  by  Percy  O.  Dorr,  who  has  offices 
in  the  Massachusetts  Mutual  building. 

The  Boston  News  Bureau,  commenting 
on  the  sale,  says:  "The  sale  of  $1,000,000 
bonds  to  N.  W.  Harris  &  Co  by  the  city  of 
Springfield  to-day  is  striking  evidence  of  a 
revival  of  confidence  in  the  bond  market. 
The  bankers  are  offering  the  bonds  on  the 
following  bases:  For  the  i}/2's,  1915  matur- 
ity, 4^  per  cent  basis;  1916-1919,  4.20  per 
cent  basis;  1920-1934,  4.15  per  cent  basis. 
For  the  4's,  1915  maturity,  4J4  per  cent 
basis;  1916-1919,  4.20  per  cent  basis; 
1920-1954,  at  99.  To  gain  some  idea  of 
the  attractive  level  at  which  these  bonds 
are  being  sold,  compared  with  prices  for 
previous  issues,  it  need  only  be  remembered 
that  in  1913  the  city  obtained  a  3.88  per 
cent  basis  for  an  issue  of  bonds,  a  3.81  per 
cent  basis  in  1912  and  a  3.51  per  cent  basis 
in  1911.  The  current  sale  is  the  most  im- 
portant bit  of  public  financing  which  has 
been  accomplished  in  the  local  market 
since  the  war  began.  It  is  more  than  ordi- 
narily significant  that  one  of  the  biggest 
New  England  banking  houses  should  take 
hold  of  this  Springfield  issue  at  a  time  when 
the  bond  market  is  suffering  more  or  less 
from  excessive  timidity.  It  serves  the  dou- 
ble purpose  of  providing  for  the  financial 
needs  of  one  of  New  England's  largest  cit- 
ies and  of  creating  a  little  interest  in  the 
bond  market  on  a  basis  which  is  fair  both 
to  the  city  and  to  the  investor.  There  is 
evidence  of  returning  courage  and  confi- 
dence." 


RAILROAD  DIVIDEND 

Chicago  Tribune 

Directors  of  the  Penns3dvania  company 
declared  yesterday  a  semi-annual  dividend 
of  1  per  cent  as  against  the  usual  dividend 
of  4  per  cent  at  this  time  of  the  year.  Since 
1910  the  Pennsylvania  company  has  paid 
7  per  cent  yearly,  divided  into  two  semi- 
annual installments  of  3  per  cent  in  the 
first  half  and  4  per  cent  in  the  second  half 
of  the  year. 

The  issued  capital  of  the  Pennsylvania 
company  is  $80,000,000.    The  annual  dis- 


bursement has  been,  since  1910,  $5,600,000 
annually.  This  year,  however,  the  com- 
pany has  declared  only  4  per  cent,  or  $3,200- 
000,  so  that  the  reduced  amount  of  dividends 
is  $2,400,000. 

The  Pennsylvania  company  operates  all 
the  lines  of  the  Pennsylvania  system  west 
of  Pittsburgh.  All  the  stock  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania company  is  owned  by  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad  company,  and  to  the 
latter  corporation  all  the  dividends  have 
been  paid. 

The  outstanding  capital  stock  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  company  is  $499,- 
265,700.  The  annual  dividends  from  the 
Pennsylvania  company  have  been  equal  to 
something  over  1  per  cent  on  the  capital 
stock  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  com- 
pany, and  the  cut  made  yesterday  in  divi- 
dends is  equal  to  about  ^  per  cent  on  the 
railroad  company's  stock.  The  railroad 
company  pays  its  shareholders  6  per  cent 
per  annum,  this  rate  having  obtained  since 
1908.  The  railroad  company's  earnings 
last  year,  that  is,  1913,  were  8.02  per  cent 
on  the  share  capital. 

The  5  per  cent  raise  in  freight  rates 
granted  by  the  interstate  commerce  com- 
mission was  denied  to  coal,  coke  and  iron 
ore.  The  coal  and  coke  business  of  the 
Pennsylvania  system  amounts  to  about 
one-third  of  the  company's  gross  business 
and  on  that  no  advance  will  be  received. 

In  connection  with  the  reduction  of  the 
Pennsylvania  company's  dividend,  the  di-       m 
rectors  issued  a  statement  saying  that  the      " 
cut  was  due  "chiefly  to  a  large  decrease  in 
traffic  and  a  material  reduction  in  the  rev- 
enues of  the  lines  west  of  Pittsburgh." 

Meanwhile  the  directors  of  the  Pittsburgh, 
Cincinnati,  Chicago  and  St.  Louis,  one  of 
the  controlled  lines  of  the  Pennsylvania 
company,  met  and  decided  not  to  consider 
the  semi-annual  dividend  distribution  un- 
tU  the  next  meeting  of  the  board,  on  Dec.  30. 


RETAIL  PRICE  OF  BEEF 
Boston  Herald 

That  there  is  no  truth  in  the  report  em- 
anating from  Chicago  to  the  effect  that  the 


MISCELLANEOUS   LOCAL  NEWS 


247 


record-breaking  drought  in  Kansas  will 
cause  the  retail  prices  of  beef  to  go  to  un- 
heard of  prices  in  the  winter,  is  the  decla- 
ration of  local  provision  dealers.  It  is  their 
opinion  that,  as  the  dry  spell  is  only  in  cer- 
tain sections  of  Kansas,  it  cannot  affect 
materially  the  prices  in  the  East. 

There  has  been  no  increase  in  prices 
lately,  they  further  declare,  and  certain 
choice  cuts  are,  in  fact,  a  great  deal  lower 
than  at  this  time  last  year.  The  choicest 
cuts  in  sirloin  steak  are  more  than  10  cents 
lower  than  they  were  in  1912  and  other  cuts 
are  in  the  same  proportion. 

"There  is  no  danger  of  the  prices  of  beef 
being  raised  in  the  winter  in  the  East,"  de- 
clared a  local  representative  of  a  large 
packing  house.  "There  need  be  no  fear 
that  the  steady  rush  of  cattle  to  the  big  live 
stock  markets  of  the  middle  West  will  ma- 
terially raise  the  prices  here.  In  fact,  the 
prices  are  lower  on  some  cuts  than  last 
year  and  I  see  no  reason  why  they  should 
not  continue  to  stand  at  the  same  price. 
One  must  remember  that  the  drought  is 
confined  only  to  certain  sections  of  the 
state  of  Kansas  and  that  other  sections  of 
the  country  are  not  affected.  If  there  is  a 
raise  in  prices  it  will  be  confined  only  to 
those  immediate  regions  where  the  drought 
is." 

That  the  packers  are  making  fortunes 
during  the  dry  spell  is  also  denied  by  the 
local  dealers.  While  live  stock  prices  are  to 
a  certain  extent  lower  now,  the  wholesale 
prices  on  the  average  have  also  decreased 
and  the  housewife  is  getting  the  benefit  of 
it,  is  their  assertion.  They  further  declare 
that  the  packers  make  a  small  profit  at 
best  and  also  that  the  retailers'  profit  is 
not  great,  as  they  have  unusually  heavy 
expenses. 


LOCAL  MARKET  PRICES 

Boston  Transcript 

Peaches,  peaches,  and  then  more 
peaches,  meet  the  eye  of  the  visitor  to  the 
market  section  in  these  closing  days  of 
summer.  Little  baskets,  big  baskets, 
crates  and  carriers  full  of  the  luscious  fruit 


are  displayed  everywhere.  Wholesale 
prices  are  reasonable,  as  usual  when  the 
crop  is  large,  but  prices  at  retail  rarely  fall 
below  a  certain  level.  This  is  one  of  the 
hard  things  for  the  layman  to  understand, 
why  a  big  crop  does  not  bring  low  prices. 
Wholesalers  say  that  the  retailers  are  to 
blame,  and  the  latter  say  that  they  cannot 
afford  to  handle  the  fruit  except  with  a  gen- 
erous margin  of  profit.  The  consumer  thinks 
that  the  retailer  ought  to  be  content  with 
something  less  than  100  per  cent  profit. 

Current  supplies  of  peaches  are  coming 
from  widely  separated  points.  Few  Cah- 
fornia  peaches  are  now  offered,  and  most 
of  the  Georgia  crop  has  also  been  mar- 
keted, but  West  Virginia,  Maryland,  New 
Jersey  and  Connecticut  are  shipping  freely 
to  this  market.  In  late  years  much  of  the 
New  Jersey  crop  has  been  shipped  into  the 
convenient  markets  of  New  York  and  Phil- 
adelphia. In  this  market  New  Jersey 
peaches  have  to  compete  sharply  with 
Connecticut  grown  fruit,  and,  as  freights 
from  Connecticut  are  less  than  from  New 
Jersey,  the  former  have  a  manifest  advan- 
tage. Freights  and  packing  cost  the  New 
Jersey  farmer  about  50  cents  for  an  ordi- 
nary peach  basket,  and  more  for  a  six  bas- 
ket carrier,  which  is  now  the  favorite  way 
of  shipping  fine  table  fruit.  As  a  full  bas- 
ket of  Connecticut  peaches  can  be  had  at 
retail  at  75  cents  to  $1,  there  is  not  much 
margin  for  the  more  distant  shipper.  New 
Jersey  fruit  does  not  stand  up  for  shipping 
so  well  as  other  varieties. 

When  one  goes  into  the  market  for 
peaches,  one  finds  a  wide  variety  of  quali- 
ties and  packages.  As  a  rule,  early  peaches 
are  clingstones  and  late  peaches  are  free- 
stones. The  latter  have  manifest  advan- 
tages, but  when  they  are  desired  care 
should  be  taken  to  see  that  the  buyer  gets 
what  is  wanted.  One  needs  to  remember 
that  freestones  from  Georgia  and  the  South 
may  be  selling  side  by  side  with  clingstones 
from  farther  North.  Sweetness  and  flavor 
should  also  be  insisted  upon,  while  it  is  al- 
ways a  mistake  to  buy  half-rotten  fruit 
because  it  is  cheap.  By  the  dozen,  good 
peaches  can  be  bought  for  10  to  25  cents. 
The  small  baskets  that  come  in  the  carriers 


248 


TYPES   OF   NEWS  WRITING 


bring  40  to  50  cents,  while  old-fashioned 
peach  baskets  sell  at  75  cents  to  $1.25. 
West  Virginia  is  shipping  peaches  in  bushel 
baskets,  a  shape  first  made  familiar  by 
Michigan  shippers.  That  state  has  not  yet 
begun  shipments,  but  they  will  come  later. 
These  large  baskets  cost  $1.25  to  $1.75 
wholesale,  and  about  $1.50  to  $2.25  at 
retail. 

Wliile  peaches  have  the  right  of  way  at 
this  season,  other  fall  fruits  are  being  freely 
offered,  especially  crabapples  and  plums. 
"Crabs"  were  selling  in  North  Market 
street  Wednesday  at  50  cents  a  bushel,  but 
housekeepers  are  paying  at  the  rate  of  $1.60 
a  bushel  by  the  peck.  Another  case  of 
"quick  sales  and  small  profits"?  Native 
preserving  plums  are  selling  at  25  to  40 
cents  a  basket.  Damsons  and  damson 
plums  are  in  the  market,  and  sell  at  30  to 
40  cents.  This  is  a  great  year  for  New 
England  apple  and  plum  orchards,  and,  in 
fact,  fruit  of  all  kinds  will  be  plentiful  and 
cheap.  Exports  of  apples  from  this  coun- 
try are  likely  to  be  materially  lessened  by 
the  war,  and  the  surplus  fruit  must  be  ab- 
sorbed by  home  markets.  Apple  men  are 
talking  $1  a  barrel  as  probably  the  wholesale 
price  in  this  market  later.  Just  now  small 
lots  of  apples  are  selling  at  40  to  50  cents  a 
peck  for  cooking  and  50  to  60  cents  for  table 
fruit. 

Blueberries  from  Nova  Scotia  and  Prince 
Edward  Island  are  still  in  the  market  and 
sell  at  IS  to  20  cents,  watermelons  bring  50 
to  60  cents  each  and  canteloupes  8  to  10 
cents  each.  California  plums  sell  at  40  to 
60  cents  a  basket,  Bartlett  pears  at  20  to  30 
cents  a  dozen,  California  grapes  at  40  to  50 
cents  a  basket  for  Malagas  and  seedless 
and  50  to  60  cents  for  Tokays.  Native 
grapes  sell  at  15  to  20  cents  for  Dela wares 
and  black  varieties. 

Summer  vegetables  are  in  seasonable 
supply,  and  low  prices  are  quoted  for  most 
varieties.  Green  corn  is  selling  at  20  to  25 
cents  a  dozen  ears,  early  celery  at  15  cents, 
green  peas  at  65  to  75  cents  a  peck,  string 
beans  at  5  to  8  cents  a  quart,  shell  beans  at 
8  cents  for  Limas  and  horticultural,  cauli- 
flower at  10  to  20  cents  each,  cucumbers  at 
5  cents  each,  egg  plant  at  15  to  20  cents, 


tomatoes  at  8  to  10  cents  a  pound,  mush- 
rooms at  $1  to  $1.25  a  pound,  white  potatoes 
at  25  to  30  cents  a  peck,  sweet  potatoes  at 
5  cents  a  poimd,  onions  at  8  cents  a  quart 
for  native,  8  cents  a  pound  for  Spanish 
and  18  cents  a  quart  for  small  white  pick- 
Ung,  squash  at  4  cents  a  pound  for  marrow, 
5  cents  each  for  summer  and  20  to  25  cents 
each  for  vegetable  marrow,  cabbage  at  8  to 
15  cents  each,  beets  at  8  cents  a  quart,  car- 
rots at  3  cents  a  pound,  turnips  at  5  cents 
and  parsnips  at  8  cents.  Salad  vegetables 
are  unchanged,  lettuce  still  selling  at  5 
cents  and  other  vegetables  at  5  to  8  cents. 

Prices  of  lamb  have  declined,  and  a  cash 
customer  can  now  get  a  good  hind  leg  or 
hind-quarter  at  22  cents,  though  a  charge 
customer  who  is  particular  about  quality 
will  have  to  pay  25  cents.  Forequarters  are 
selhng  at  14  cents,  sides  at  20  to  21  cents, 
loins  at  25  cents  and  chops  at  38  to  40  cents. 
Mutton  is  unchanged  at  18  cents  for  loins, 
11  to  12  cents  for  forequarters,  25  to  28 
cents  for  chops  and  18  cents  for  "hung" 
legs.  Veal  cuts  are  selling  at  40  cents  for 
fillet,  45  cents  for  steak,  30  cents  for  chops 
and  22  cents  for  loins. 

Beef  prices  are  easier  at  wholesale,  but 
retail  prices  are  still  firmly  held  at  33  to  38 
cents  for  sirloin  steak,  40  to  50  cents  for 
rump  steak  and  25  to  35  cents  for  round 
steak.  Roasting  pieces  sell  at  35  cents  for 
the  back  of  the  rump,  25  cents  for  the  face, 
25  to  30  cents  for  the  first  cut  of  the  rib  and 
20  to  25  cents  for  the  second  cut.  Corned 
pieces  are  selling  at  25  cents  for  brisket,  18 
cents  for  rib,  18  cents  for  the  sticking  piece 
and  10  cents  for  flank. 

Pork  provisions  are  selling  at  25  cents 
for  pork  loins,  22  to  25  cents  for  whole 
hams,  30  to  35  cents  for  sliced  ham,  25  cents 
for  bacon,  17  cents  for  smoked,  corned, 
pickled  and  fresh  shoulders,  15  cents  for 
salt  pork,  22  to  25  cents  for  sausages,  16 
cents  for  Frankfurters,  15  to  18  cents  for 
lard,  10  to  12  cents  for  pigs'  feet,  12  to  20 
cents  for  tripe,  25  to  30  cents  for  tongue,  45 
cents  for  dried  beef,  15  to  16  cents  for  beef 
liver,  30  cents  to  $1  each  for  sweetbreads, 
and  50  to  90  cents  each  for  calves'  Uver. 

At  the  poultry  stalls  trade  is  quiet,  as 
usual  at  this  season.    Fall  trade  has  not 


MISCELLANEOUS   LOCAL   NEWS 


249 


yet  begun  in  earnest.  Native  roasting 
chickens  are  selling  at  35  cents,  Western 
chickens  at  28  cents,  Philadelphia  capons 
at  38  cents.  Western  capons  at  30  to  32 
cents,  native  broilers  at  30  cents,  Western 
broilers  at  28  cents,  hothouse  broilers  at 
$1.25  a  pair,  frozen  turkeys  at  30  to  32 
cents,  native  fowl  at  25  cents,  Western 
fowl  at  23  to  25  cents,  spring  ducklings  at 
25  cents,  spring  geese  at  28  cents,  broiler 
turkeys  at  $3  to  $3.50  a  pair,  squab  at  35  to 
50  cents  each,  and  pigeons  at  $3  a  dozen. 

Butter  and  eggs  have  not  been  advanced 
further,  but  prices  are  very  firm.  Northern 
creamery  butter  in  tubs  sells  at  38  cents, 
and  in  boxes  at  40  cents,  with  individual 
prints  at  40  cents,  unsalted  prints  at  50 
cents.  Western  creamery  in  tubs  at  35  cents 
and  Vermont  dairy  at  33  cents  in  tubs  and 
33  to  35  cents  in  boxes.  High  prices  have 
promoted  the  use  of  both  butter  and  eggs 
from  cold  storage.  Total  stocks  in  local 
cold  storage  warehouses  at  last  report  were 
300,191  packages,  against  299,020  pack- 
ages a  week  ago  and  321,303  packages  a 
year  ago. 

Eggs  are  firm  and  unchanged,  best  hen- 
nery stock  being  quoted  at  45  cents.  East- 
ern at  40  cents.  Western  at  33  cents  and 
storage  at  32  cents.  Total  stocks  of  eggs  in 
local  cold  storage  warehouses  at  last  report 
were  399,589  cases,  against  402,004  cases  a 
week  ago  and  490,945  cases  at  the  same 
time  last  year. 

Large  mackerel  are  scarce  and  high,  but 
medium  mackerel  are  to  be  had  at  25  cents 
each  and  small  mackerel  at  18  cents.  Span- 
ish mackerel  sell  at  25  cents,  Eastern  sal- 
mon at  30  to  35  cents,  Western  salmon  at 
20  to  25  cents,  smelts  at  30  to  35  cents, 
bluefish  at  15  cents,  weakfish  at  15  cents, 
striped  bass  at  35  cents,  black  bass  at  18 
cents,  butterfish  at  12  J^  cents,  scup  at 
15  cents,  tautog  at  12  cents,  swordfish  at 
25  cents,  halibut  at  25  to  30  cents,  cod 
and  haddock  at  8  cents,  brook  trout  at  75 
cents,  flounders  at  10  to  12  cents,  eels  at  18 
cents,  sea  perch  at  20  cents  a  dozen. 

Oysters  are  in  season  again,  but  it  needs 
cool  weather  as  well  as  an  "r"  in  the 
month  to  bring  about  a  demand.  Provi- 
dence River  sell  at  45  cents  and  Cotuits  at 


75  cents.  New  York  scallops  are  in  the 
market  and  sell  at  $1  a  quart,  though  the 
close  time  is  not  yet  off  in  this  State.  Lob- 
sters are  selling  at  33  cents  for  live  chicken, 
35  cents  for  large  live  and  40  centsior  large 
boiled,  soft-shell  crabs  at  $1  a  dozen,  little 
necks  at  30  cents  a  dozen  or  $1.75  a  peck, 
clams  at  30  cents  a  quart  shucked  or  50 
cents  in  the  shell  by  the  peck,  and  qua- 
hogs  at  60  cents  a  quart  shucked.  Finnan 
haddie  sells  at  12  cents. 


HOTEL  STORY 

New  York  Herald 

When  a  clerk  at  the  desk  of  Bretton  Hall 
picked  up  the  desk  telephone  in  response 
to  a  ring  about  nine  o'clock  last  Friday 
evening  he  caught  the  words  of  the  operator 
to  a  man  in  one  of  the  rooms. 

"Indeed,  I  don't  know  what  you  want, 
sir,"  she  was  saying;  "but  here's  the  clerk. 
You  can  explain  to  him." 

"If  they's  such  a  thing  as  a  bootjack  in 
this  metropolitan  hostlery,"  a  co'n  and 
cotton  voice  enunciated  in  exasperated  ac- 
cents, "I  wish  yo'  all  would  send  it  up  to 
mah  room  fo'  about  two  minutes." 

"Certainly,  sir,"  said  the  clerk.  "Front! 
Send  the  bootblack  up  to  846." 

The  bootblack  came  down  on  a  run,  talk- 
ing Greek  to  himself.  The  desk  telephone 
rang  again  before  the  clerk  could  ask  ques- 
tions. 

"I  don't  want  any  bootblack.  I  don't 
want  'em  painted.  I  want  to  pull  'em  off. 
Send  me  a  jack.  Don't  yo'  all  understand 
English?" 

"Tell  the  engineer  to  rush  a  man  with  a 
kit  of  tools  up  to  that  room,"  the  clerk 
hurriedly  ordered.  "Right  away,  sir,"  he 
spoke  into  the  telephone. 

"If  it  wasn't  for  losin'  me  job,  I'd  a  kilt 
that  felly,"  the  engine  room  assistant  re- 
ported when  he  quickly  returned  from  the 
eighth  floor.  "Th'  way  he  talked  I'd  not 
stand" — 

The  elevator  door  flew  open  with  a  crash 
and  a  tall,  elderly  man  with  light  hair 
worn  long  strode  to  the  desk,  his  jaws  set, 
but  his  lips  twitching  with  each  step. 


250 


TYPES   OF   NEWS  WRITING 


"By  gad,  suh!"  he  shouted,  pounding 
the  desk  and  leaning  across  it  to  glare  at 
the  astonished  clerk.  ' '  I  ain't  goin'  to  allow 
no  paper  collared,  Yankee  clerk  to  make 
spo't  of  me.  If  I  wa'n't  absolutely  certain 
that  yo'  are  jes'  one  provincial  New  Yo'ker 
of  the  ignoramus  variety  I  would  give  yo'  all 
the  canin'  of  you'  mis'able  life,  old  as  I  am. 

"Neveh  mind  explanations.  Yo'  jes' 
send  that  long,  lanky  No'th  Ca'lina  lookin' 
boy  yondeh  up  to  mah  room  with  me  and 
we'll  see  if  I  got  to  go  to  bed  with,  mah 
boots  on  or  go  back  to  Geo'ga  to  get  'emoflf." 

The  lanky  boy  reported  that  the  boots 
were  "sure  some  tight,"  but  his  co-opera- 
tion in  their  removal  had  netted  him  "fo' 
bits." 


SUBWAY  STORY 

New  York  Times 

"Wake  up!  Your  station  next,"  shouted 
the  Subway  guard,  as  he  shook  a  sleeping 
passenger.  The  passenger  managed  to  let 
a  "thank  you"  escape  him,  and  propped 
his  eyes  open  until  the  train  came  to  a  stop 
at  the  station. 

"How  did  you  know  he  got  off  at  that 
station?"  the  guard  was  asked  as  the  train 
moved  on. 

"How  did  I  know?  Why,  he  is  on  here 
every  night,  and  he  goes  to  sleep  as  soon  as 
he  gets  on  the  train.  I  have  awakened  him 
so  regularly  that  he  thinks  now  it  is  one  of 
my  duties.  He  would  never  forgive  me  if  I 
overlooked  him. 

"See  that  man  sleeping  over  there  in 
that  middle  seat,  and  that  one  over  yon- 
der near  the  other  door?  They  work  down- 
town somewhere  and  come  up  every  night 
on  this  train.  I  always  have  to  wake  them 
up.  The  first  man  there  gets  off  at  145th 
Street  and  the  one  by  the  door  at  168th. 
We  know  practically  all  the  regular  pas- 
sengers on  the  late  night  trains.  Some 
work,  while  others  are  just  rounders  who  are 
out  every  night,  returning  always  on  the 
same  train  with  as  much  regularity  as 
those  who  work. 

"I  have  never  missed  but  one,  and  he 
seemed  terribly  cut  up  about  it.  He  talked 
like  I  was  paid  to  'mind'  him.   I  look  out 


for  him  now.  I  have  scraped  up  a  good 
many  acquaintances  in  this  way.  Some- 
times the  sleepers  are  newspaper  chaps, 
and  they  give  us  an  early  morning  paper; 
others  give  us  a  smile  and  say  'howdy?' 
when  we  meet." 


A   MIRAGE 

New  York  Sun 

Cap'n  Duke,  who  hangs  about  the  beach 
at  Far  Rockaway  and  tells  stories  of  the 
sea  to  little  children,  saw  a  mirage  yester- 
day afternoon  just  as  the  sun  was  setting. 
He  was  talking  to  a  group  of  httle  ones  at 
the  time  and  he  called  their  attention  to  it. 

"See  that  four  funnelled  steamship 
hanging  up  there  in  the  sky  upside  down?" 
he  said.  "And  then  off  there  on  the  star- 
board bow  of  the  steamer  don't  you  see  a 
five  masted  schooner  with  all  sails  set  and 
her  booms  to  port?" 

"Oh,  yes,  Cap'n  Duke,"  cried  the  chil- 
dren.   "And  there  is  still  more." 

"\Miat  do  you  see,  Johnny?"  asked  the 
captain. 

"Wliy,  there  is  a  battleship  and  a  ferry- 
boat, and  over  on  the  right  I  see  the  Statue 
of  Liberty." 

Cap'n  Duke  took  off  his  specks,  rubbed 
them  with  his  red  handkerchief  and  looked 
hard. 

"To  be  sure,  to  be  sure,"  he  said.  "And 
astern  of  the  battleship  there  is  a  torpedo 
boat,  and  after  that  comes  a  school  of 
whales  and  a  yacht  race.  Never  see  the  likes 
of  that  even  in  the  Desert  of  Sahara." 

In  half  an  hour  it  was  all  over  and  the 
children  went  home  for  dinner.  It  was 
noised  about  Far  Rockaway  last  night  that 
really  there  was  a  beautiful  mirage  to  be 
seen  at  sunset,  and  there  was  not  a  soul  in 
the  place  who  refused  to  believe  it.  Cap'n 
Duke  and  the  children  had  seen  it  and  that 
was  enough. 

STORY  OF  SAILOR 

San  Francisco  Examiner 

If  you  had  done  nothing  worse  than  going 
to  sleep  in  an  out-of-the-way  place  on  a 
bay  steamer  and  awakening  to  find  your- 


MISCELLANEOUS   LOCAL  NEWS 


251 


self  in  State's  prison  with  a  fifteen-year 
sentence  hanging  over  your  head,  how 
would  you  feel? 

John  Larsen  had  such  an  exjjerience  last 
Friday.  He  was,  and  may  yet  be,  a  deck- 
hand on  the  schooner  Mary.  He  imbibed 
a  quantity  of  refreshment  on  the  water 
front  and  then  hid  away  in  the  steamer 
Caroline  for  a  quiet  nap.  He  didn't  know 
that  the  Caroline  was  about  to  go  over  to 
San  Quentin  with  a  load  of  supplies  for  the 
prison.  The  first  thing  he  did  know  was 
that  a  husky  guard  with  a  big  gun  was 
prodding  him  into  wakefulness  and  saying 
hard  things.  Captain  Smith  of  the  Caroline 
was  standing  near. 

"Yes,  it's  that  fifteen-year  man,  all 
right,"  the  guard  said,  as  he  gave  Larsen  a 
stiff  jolt  under  the  ribs. 

The  sleepy  sailor  was  yanked  out  into  day- 
light and  taken  ashore,  where  he  saw  only 
prison  walls  and  men  in  stripes  all  about 
him.  He  was  marched  to  the  oflBce  of  the 
captain  of  the  guard,  the  man  beside  him 
meanwhile  commenting  on  the  fine  dis- 
guise Larsen  wore.  The  poor  sailor  was 
dumb  from  fright,  and  could  not  make  an 
intelligible  protest.  But  when  the  officials 
looked  him  over,  they  laughed  and  told  the 
guard  to  throw  him  out.  He  was  not  the 
man. 

"Ay  scart  lak  djefoul  ven  woke  oop  in 
yale,"  said  Larsen  yesterday  after  he  had 
got  back  from  San  Quentin  by  ferry.  "Ay 
ban  sleep  on  bale  yute  in  Caroline  ven  gun 
stick  me  in  ribs  an'  ay  see  mens  vid  stripes 
all  aroond,  an'  man  vid  gun  say  ay  ban 
fifteen-year  faller.  You  bat  heart  went  in 
boots  and  ay  ban  sick.  Ven  man  stick  gun 
in  ribs  an'  say  'Git!'  You  bat  ay  coom 
quick  avay.  No  more  sleep  in  Caroline  on 
bale  yute,  you  bat!" 


A  STOWAWAY 

Boston  Journal 

Abraham  Grabau  wanted  to  get  into  the 
United  States  mighty  badly. 

He  was  poor  and  had  never  had  a  chance. 
But  he  had  read  a  lot  about  America  and 
thought  how  fine  it  would  be  to  come  here 


and  retrieve  himself  and  really  do  some- 
thing worth  while  before  it  was  too  late. 

So  at  Port  Said  he  hid  away  on  board 
the  steamship  St.  Patrick,  which  was  bound 
for  Boston  from  Yokohama. 

Of  course  he  knew  it  wasn't  right  to  be- 
come a  stowaway,  but  he  coiildn't  see  what 
real  harm  there  was  in  it.  Besides,  he  had- 
n't any  money  and  it  seemed  to  be  the  only 
thing  that  was  left.  And  he  never  dreamed 
that  the  great  free  country  beyond  the  seas 
often  keeps  worthy  men  outside  its  borders 
just  because  they  haven't  the  price  of  a 
ticket. 

But  he  learned  many  things  that  worried 
him  from  the  St.  Patrick's  crew  during  the 
passage,  after  he  had  made  himself  knowTi, 
when  he  couldn't  starve  any  longer,  and 
had  been  put  to  work. 

He  was  told  that  an  alien  stowaway  has 
a  mighty  poor  show  of  "getting  by"  with 
Uncle  Sam — that,  in  fact,  he  hadn't  a 
chance  on  earth  of  being  landed  here.  It 
nearly  broke  his  heart,  for  there  seemed  to 
be  no  way  out.  But  he  finally  found  one — 
and  why  not?  It  was  as  good  a  way  as  any 
other.   And,  besides,  he  might  win. 

While  the  St.  Patrick  lay  at  anchor 
off  quarantine  Thursday  night,  Abraham 
sUpped  off  his  shoes  and  stole  on  deck  noise- 
lessly. He  placed  his  shoes  on  deck  along- 
side the  railing  and  pulled  down  a  life-buoy. 

He  gave  a  last  look  toward  the  lights  that 
were  twinkling  on  shore  and  dropped  into 
the  water. 

Next  morning  the  shoes  were  found  near 
where  the  life-buoy  should  have  been. 

Of  course  the  ship  was  searched,  but 
Abraham  was  missing.  Immigration  oflB- 
cials  at  Long  Wharf  and  the  harbor  poUce 
were  notified  of  the  escape.  But  there  was 
no  trace  of  the  stowaway. 

Yesterday  the  Hebrew's  daring  act  was 
talked  of  admiringly  in  many  quarters,  and 
the  hope  was  expressed  that  he  had  won. 
There  is  a  slight  chance  that  he  was  picked 
up  and  carried  to  safety.  But  those  best 
informed  declare  that  the  little  Hebrew  has 
beyond  a  doubt  reached  the  Port  of  Missing 
Men,  where  entry  is  never  refused,  even  to 
the  friendless  and  the  hopeless  and  the  for- 
lorn. 


252 


TYPES  OF  NEWS  WRITING 


SEARCH  FOR  LOST  TREASURES 

New  York  Sun 

In  the  gray  hours  before  the  dawn  this 
morning,  when  all  Ulmer  Park  sleeps  and 
nothing  is  heard  along  the  reaches  of  Ma- 
rine Basin  but  the  crowing  of  the  restless 
cocks,  will  slip  from  her  moorings  a  low, 
rakish  craft.  With  hawseholes  muffled  and 
silence  cloths  on  port  and  starboard  anchor, 
hatches  muzzled  and  even  the  kick  of  her 
propeller  smothered  by  a-  blanket,  this 
phantom  will  speed  past  the  clam  factories 
and  chowder  distilleries  out  to  the  bounding 
main. 

Hush!  'Tis  the  Mayflower,  onetime  de- 
fender of  the  America's  cup,  bearing  her 
daring  crew  of  gentleman  adventurers  down 
to  the  isles  of  spice  and  the  bloodied  seas 
where  Morgan  trod  piratical  quarterdecks 
and  Teach  snicked  off  the  heads  of  treasure 
bearers.  Skipper  Scull  is  at  the  helm.  Buck 
Harrison  in  the  galley;  four  more,  good  men 
and  true,  stand  in  the  port  chains  and 
shade  their  eyes  as  they  scan  the  waters  of 
Gravesend  Bay  for  the  police  boat. 

Romance  lies  behind  the  horizon  and  the 
glint  of  the  rising  sun  has  the  glint  of  Sir 
Henry's  gold.  For,  mark  ye  well.  Skipper 
Scull  has  wrapped  in  tarpaulin,  next  to  his 
open  front  undersliirt,  a  chart.  Red  and 
blue  is  the  chart;  it  marks  a  reef  in  the  Car- 
ibbean; it  limns  in  the  sea  the  boundaries 
of  a  precious  spot;  it  tells  where  lies  the 
English  corvette.  Good  Faith,  out  of  Santo 
Domingo  City  in  1684  with  five  millions  in 
plate  and  minted  doubloons  in  her  strong 
boxes. 

But  who  are  these  men,  tried  and  found 
trusty,  who  sail  with  Skipper  Scull  on  the 
converted  yacht  Mayflower  out  of  Marine 
Basin  this  morning?  Skipper  Scull,  Har- 
vard, '98,  a  venturesome  soul  who  lived  in 
Tokio  many,  many  months,  and  who,  wish- 
ing to  be  a  war  correspondent,  finally  was 
allowed  to  get  as  near  as  forty-five  miles 
from  the  scene  of  a  battle.  Then  there  are 
Gordon  Brown,  Yale,  '01,  who  was  captain 
of  the  football  team  that  laid  Harvard  so 
low  in  1900,  Stephen  Noyes,  Harvard,  '03, 
H.  L.  Corbett,  Harvard,  '03,  Buck  Harri- 
son, Harvard,  '04,  fullback,  whose  name 


was  a  terror  to  all  opponents,  and  Roger 
Darby,  Harvard,  '05,  a  tower  of  strength  on 
the  Crimson  line  in  his  time. 

Consider  this,  that  Matsukata,  whose 
father  is  a  Baron  in  Japan  and  holds  fief 
over  hundreds  of  samurai,  was  offered  a 
place  in  the  intrepid  crew — as  cook.  Mat- 
sukata yearned  for  adventure,  biit  he  could 
not  so  demean  himself,  and  that  is  why 
Buck  Harrison  of  the  line  holds  his  place 
in  the  galley  when  the  Mayflower  slips  out 
of  the  Basin  this  morning. 

With  the  Mayflower  steaming  out  of 
Gravesend  Bay,  nose  to  the  south,  there 
must  come  a  hiatus  in  this  tale,  and  the 
curtain  of  the  past  must  be  lifted,  revealing 
dark  and  bloody  scenes. 


CURTAIN 


It  is  a  fair  day  in  June,  Anno  Domini 
1684,  and  the  tropical  palms  that  fringe 
the  beach  about  Santo  Domingo  Bay  are 
nodding  in  the  breeze.  [Santo  Domingo 
Bay  is  used  as  a  disguise  of  the  real  port, 
which  it  wouldn't  do  to  reveal.]  All  is  astir 
about  the  wharf,  for  the  good  English  cor- 
vette. Good  Faith,  is  sailing  this  day  for 
PljTnouth,  laden  fair  to  the  gunwales  with 
plate  of  price,  spoils  of  cathedrals  in  Mex- 
ico and  hard  minted  gold  in  doubloons — 
and  oh,  yes,  pieces  of  eight! — that  is,  the 
ransom  of  cities  in  Salvador  and  the  Guin- 
eas. Spanish  gold  it  is,  torn  from  the  grasp 
of  bleeding  men. 

A  cheer,  a  roundelay  as  the  anchor  comes 
up,  and  with  sails  bellying  and  the  crosses 
of  St.  George  and  St.  Andrew  whipping 
from  the  gaff,  the  Good  Faith  ploughs  her 
way  past  the  reef  and  out  to  sea. 

But  wait!  From  around  the  bluff  be- 
yond the  sea  gate,  which  is  hidden  from  the 
Good  Faith  by  the  rocky  headland,  come 
stealing  two  long  feluccas.  The  brass  of 
cannon  glints  from  bow  and  taffrail;  sails 
strain  with  the  wind;  the  gorgeous  banner 
of  Spain  streams  from  the  mainsail  peak. 

The  watchers  on  the  headlands  of  Santo 
Domingo  City  drop  on  their  knees  in  prayer 
at  the  sight,  for  are  not  those  two  feluccas 


MISCELLANEOUS   LOCAL   NEWS 


253 


the  sea  vultures  of  Don  Sebastian  Fer- 
nando Hacienda  y  Juan  Fernandez,  plun- 
derer of  towns  and  pillager  of  altars? 

At  gaze  stand  the  citizens  of  Santo  Do- 
mingo City  as  they  watch  the  feluccas  steal 
into  the  track  of  the  Good  Faith.  Tor- 
tured with  anxiety  are  these  good  folk  when 
they  behold  the  Good  Faith  swing  about 
the  headland  and  come  into  view  of  the 
dastard  Spaniards.  Now  the  Good  Faith  is 
aware  of  her  peril.  See  her  crowd  the  can- 
vas on!  See  her  leap  to  the  tug  of  the  wind 
and  race  for  her  life  down,  dowTi  the  watery 
way  to  the  horizon!  The  feluccas  follow 
fast;  they  gain  yard  by  yard;  still  they 
gain  and  yet  still. 

The  horizon  rises  and  swallows  up  the 
Good  Faith  and  the  Don's  feluccas,  mere 
dots  on  the  horizon. 

Alack,  never  again  did  man  set  eyes  on 
the  Good  Faith.  Plymouth  awaited  her  in 
vain;  Santo  Domingo  City  sent  out  sloops 
and  men-o'-war  to  search  for  her.  Never 
again  did  Don  Sebastian  ravage  the  coasts 
of  Salvador  and  plunder  the  galleons  of  the 
Main.  Men  forgot  that  there  had  ever  been 
a  Good  Faith  or  a  Don  Sebastian. 

»        *        4e'        *        * 

[Stars  here  indicate  hiatus  of  220  years.] 

A  fisher  of  sponges,  an  American  fisher 
of  sponges,  in  sooth,  is  sailing  his  craft 
about  the  Caribbean  in  search  of  his  prey. 
It  is  some  years  later.  It  is  only  a  few  years 
ago  in  fact.  A  storm  comes  roaring  out  of 
the  Gulf,  and  the  fisher  of  sponges  with  his 
native  fishermen  is  driven  in  his  cockleshell 
far,  far  out  of  his  course.  In  the  dead  of 
night  and  the  murk  of  the  storm  the  boat 
is  piled  up  on  a  reef  and  they  rub  elbows 
with  death  until  the  ruddy  streaks  of  dawn 
come. 

Then  this  fisher  of  sponges,  this  Ameri- 
can fisher  of  sponges — he  was  also  a  diver 
and  he  helped  raise  the  Merrimac  in  Santi- 
ago harbor  once — looked  over  the  side  of 
his  boat  and  he  saw  down  about  fifteen  feet 
in  the  blue  water  the  prow  of  a  ship. 
Straightway  he  dived.  He  came  up  with 
pieces  of  eight  sticking  through  the  cracks 
of  both  fists,  or  maybe  it  was  doubloons. 

Forthwith  all  of  his  native  fishermen 
dived,  and  they  came  up  with  silver  and 


golden  coin  representing  maybe  $1,221.34 
American,  who  knows? 

They  dived  again  and  brought  up  the 
ship's  bell.  About  the  rust  eaten  rim  was 
graven  this  motto: 

"Good  Faith  yclept  Dom.  1680  Ply- 
mouth. Ringeth  this  Belle  God's  hours  and 
telleyeth  man's  life  Space." 

Straightway  did  this  American  fisher  of 
sponges  get  him  his  sextant  and  his  lati- 
tude. He  had  to  guess  at  the  longitude. 
Then  with  the  ship's  bell  and  the  pieces  of 
eight  he  sailed  to  Jamaica. 

There  he  found  one  who  was  interested 
in  his  tale.  Together  they  went  to  a  lawyer, 
and  he  recommended  them  to  another 
lawyer,  whose  name  is  Reginald  R.  Leay- 
craft  and  whose  office  is  at  129  Pearl  street, 
this  city.  Many  old  records  in  Santo 
Domingo  City  and  in  England  were  gone 
over,  so  say  this'  fisher  of  sponges  and  his 
lawyer,  and  at  last  the  shipping  register  of 
the  original  Good  Faith  was  discovered. 
Then  they  knew  of  her  fatal  journey  out  of 
Santo  Domingo  City  on  that  June  after- 
noon so  long  ago,  and  knew,  so  say  both, 
of  the  treasure  that  was  in  her  bottom. 

Skipper  Scull,  and  he  alone,  knows  how 
it  was  that  the  sponge  diver  happened  to 
meet  such  an  adventurous  spirit  as  himself 
here  in  New  York.  Yet,  hark  ye,  within  a 
month  after  the  sponge  fisher  and  Skipper 
Scull  had  met  fortuitously,  all  of  those 
other  brave  gentlemen  and  true  from  Har- 
vard and  Yale  had  met  to  form  a  solemn 
bond  and  compact. 

This  was  the  bond  and  compact:  That 
the  organization  should  be  made  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Southern  Research 
Company,  a  duly  registered  organization; 
that  the  sponge  fisher  and  his  law\'er 
should  have  share  and  share  alike  with 
the  others;  that  the  sponge  fisher  should 
be  one  of  the  party  of  discoveiy,  in  that  he 
knew  best  how  to  interpret  the  chart  that 
he  had  made  that  blue  morning  after  the 
storm;  and  that,  chief  of  all,  Matsukata, 
the  man  whose  father  is  a  baron  in  Japan, 
should  be  cook. 

All  of  these  conditions,  save  the  last,  so 
recalcitrant  did  Matsukata  prove,  were 
fulfilled  to  the  letter.  Then  went  the  repre- 


254 


TYPES  OF   NEWS  WRITING 


sentatives  of  the  company  to  Mrs.  Eva  M. 
Barker,  the  owTier  of  the  old  cup  defender, 
Mayflower.  Five  years  ago  the  old  de- 
fender had  been  converted  into  a  sloop  with 
auxiliary  power.  The  Mayflower  was 
brought  around  to  the  Marine  Basin  and 
all  sorts  of  strange  stores  in  boxes  and  crates 
were  lowered  into  her  hold.  Diving  suits 
flopped  upon  her  decks  and  grappling  hooks 
shoved  their  prongs  through  burlap  sacking. 
Skipper  Scull  was  there  on  the  deck  of 
the  Mayflower  each  day  to  shoo  away  the 
curious  and  to  scowl  at  the  prying.  Not  a 
word  would  the  war  correspondent  skipper 
say  to  the  most  veiled  interrogations.  Un- 
til the  Mayflower  slipped  past  the  chowder 
distilleries  in  this  morning's  early  light  the 
mystery  of  her  mission  and  her  bourne  re- 
mained inviolate. 

But  Skipper  Scull,  Buck  Harrison  and 
the  rest  have  overreached  themselves  in 
their  secret  iveness.  For  know  that  over  a 
long  glass  clinking  with  ice  one  sleepy  night 
up  at  the  Harvard  Club  on  Forty-fourth 
street  one  of  the  sextette  of  adventurers 
revealed  the  scheme  of  the  expedition. 
That  is  why  not  even  Skipper  Scull  knows 
what  fell  plot  is  now  a-brewing  to  rob  him 
of  his  putative  treasure. 

This  is  the  plot:  Up  in  Boston  lives 
Alexander  Forbes,  the  grandson  of  John 
Murray  Forbes.  He  is  the  possessor  of  the 
yacht  Merlin.  To  his  ears  came  the  tale  of 
the  treasure  hunt.  Not  long  did  the  grass 
grow  under  the  Forbes  foot.  He  called  to- 
gether the  following  men,  known  to  be  des- 
perate pirates:  Jim  Field,  Harvard,  '03; 
Donald  Gregg,  Harvard,  '02;  Ralph  Page, 
Harvard,  '03;  Buz  Baird,  Harvard,  '04,  and 
W.  Davis  Conrad,  also  of  Harvard.  To 
them  he  broached  his  counter  plot,  and  all 
gleefully  agreed,  if  they  did  not  sign  a  pact 
with  their  life  blood. 

So  it  will  be — and  one  of  these  Boston 
pirates  said  yesterday  that  it  cannot  but 
be — that  after  the  Mayflower  has  gone  to 
her  all  but  secret  destination  in  the  Carib- 
bean and  is  sailing  homeward,  either  laden 
with  gold  or  with  experience,  the  yacht 
MerUn  will  one  day  stalk  out  of  the  hori- 
zon and  confront  her.  The  Jolly  Roger  will 
fly  from  the  peak  of  the  Merlin  and  a  six 


poimder  will  cough  out  demand  for  the 
Mayflower's  surrender.  The  Ma>^ower 
will  have  to  heave  to  and  be  robbed  or  go 
to  the  bottom  with  all  of  her  gallant  gentle- 
men adventurers  weltering  in  their  own 
blood. 

It  will  be  about  three  weeks  hence,  so 
swore  this  Boston  pirate  by  book  and  ring 
yesterday,  that  the  Merlin  will  sail  on  her 
fell  mission.  After  that  the  Spanish  Main 
will  roar  again  and  bloody  death  will  be 
abroad  over  the  mellifluous  waters  of  the 
Gulf  stream. 


RELIEF  SHIP 
New  York  Evening  Post 

Capt.  Pickels — "Pickels  of  the  schooner 
Cluett,"  as  they  called  him  on  the  Lab- 
rador coast — standing  on  the  deck  of  that 
stanch  little  vessel,  which  will  soon  be 
bucking  ice  in  Baffin  Bay,  is  not  the  figure 
of  an  Arctic  explorer.  To  the  mildly  inter- 
ested visitor  to  the  East  River  dock,  where 
his  ship  was  moored,  there  was  nothing 
about  the  square-set  skipper  in  shirt  sleeves 
and  straw  hat,  watching  supplies  come 
aboard,  to  suggest  that  he  is  the  man  se- 
lected to  command  the  relief  expedition 
which  will  search  for  Donald  B.  MacMillan, 
starting  to-day.  MacMillan  set  out  from 
New  York  just  two  years  ago  to  find  myth- 
ical Crocker  Land,  and  now  the  American 
Museimi  of  Natural  History,  one  of  the 
chief  backers  of  his  expedition,  is  sending 
Pickels  to  find  MacMillan. 

Both  the  captain  in  summer  city  garb 
and  his  little  schooner,  dwarfed  by  the 
overhanging  pier,  and  not  so  different  to 
the  unpracticed  eye  from  himdreds  of  sail- 
ing craft  loading  here,  refused  at  first  to 
fit  into  the  picture  which  he  painted  in 
simple  language  of  the  months  ahead. 
Within  a  few  weeks  the  Cluett  will  be  feel- 
ing out  open  reaches  in  the  ice  which  is 
rarely  absent  after  Nachvak  Bay,  on  the 
north  Labrador  coast,  is  passed,  laying  a 
course  almost  due  north  up  Davis  Strait. 
Thence  to  Melville  Bay,  near  Etah,  the 
MacMillan  expedition's  base,  it  will  be  nip 
and  tuck  between  the  Cluett  and  rapidly 


MISCELLANEOUS   LOCAL   NEWS 


255 


descending  winter.  She  will  be  late,  and, 
skirting  the  ever-present  "middle  ice"  of 
Baffin  Bay,  on  a  course  not  far  off  shore, 
she  will  be  lucky  to  reach  her  objective  be- 
fore the  waters  close  entirely. 

And  luckier  still  if  she  finds  MacMillan 
and  his  party  waiting.  For  then  there  is 
the  chance  that,  with  more  good  fortune 
and  able  seamanship,  Capt.  Pickels  may 
be  able  to  bring  all  hands  out  through  the 
thin  crust  which  by  September  will  cover 
all  those  waters.  In  that  event  he  will  have 
made  a  season's  record  to  be  very  proud  of. 
What  is  far  more  likely — and  that  is  the 
reason  for  the  two  years'  supply  of  food- 
stuffs on  board  the  Cluett — the  schooner 
will  nose  her  way  into  Melville  Bay  with 
hardly  enough  time  in  which  to  select  a 
winter  berth  in  the  ice.  If  MacMillan  has 
to  be  waited  for  or  search  made  for  him, 
the  long  winter  will  make  either  task  easy. 
The  diminutive,  unpretentious  wooden  sail- 
ing ship  which  now  reeks  of  oil  and  ship 
stores  under  the  warm  sun,  will  then  find 
herself  encompassed  with  leagues  of  ice. 
Eskimo  ice  huts  will  spring  up  around  her 
like  mushrooms,  and  in  the  long  Arctic 
night  it  would  be  difficult  to  identify  the 
little  Cluett  with  the  picture  at  the  foot  of 
East  21st  Street. 

But  closer  acquaintance  with  Pickels  and 
the  Cluett  helps  one's  imagination  to 
bridge  the  gap.  Ever  since  she  was  built 
at  Tottenville,  some  four  years  ago,  for  the 
Grenfell  Mission  service  on  the  Labrador 
coast,  Pickels  has  commanded  her.  She 
was  designed  for  work  in  northern  waters. 
As  the  bronze  plate  in  the  captain's  cabin 
sets  forth,  she  was  presented  to  Dr.  Wilfred 
Grenfell  in  July,  1911,  by  George  B.  Cluett, 
of  Troy,  N.  Y.  That  she  went  to  sea  with 
purposes  other  than  those  of  the  ordinary 
trading  schooner,  the  plate  makes  plain  in 
these  few  words:  "The  Sea  is  His  and  He 
made  It."  The  inscription  in  the  brass 
band  wliich  binds  the  wheel,  "Jesus  saith  I 
will  make  you  fishers  of  men,"  serves  to 
distinguish  her  from  the  rim  of  fishing  craft 
which  infest  the  Labrador  waters.  But  for 
these  symbols  of  a  higher  vocation  she  is 
just  hke  them,  save  that  she  is  much  more 
Btanch. 


From  stem  to  stern  the  Cluett  measures 
142  feet,  and  her  beam  is  26  feet.  Every 
foot  of  timber  in  her  is  white  oak.  And 
back  of  the  thin  steel  plate  on  her  bows, 
where  the  impact  of  ice  is  concentrated, 
she  can  boast  about  two  feet  of  solid  timber. 
The  outer  shell  forward  is  composed  of 
white  oak  timbers  eight  inches  thick.  Be- 
hind them  is  nearly  a  foot  of  timbering, 
and  then  an  inner  shell  of  six-inch  white  oak 
all  stiffened  with  drift  bolts.  The  Cluett 
can  be  counted  on  to  stand  up  to  the  force 
of  her  eighty  horse-power  kerosene  engines, 
against  all  but  solid  ice.  And  she  has  proved 
it  more  than  once. 

That  brought  the  captain  to  the  recital 
of  an  achievement  which  probably  had 
much  to  do  with  the  selection  by  the 
Museum  authorities  of  him  and  his  ship 
for  the  work  in  hand.  Making  ordinarily 
about  three  trips  a  year  as  supply  ship  to 
the  chain  of  missions  established  by  the 
Grenfell  Association,  it  was  no  new  thing 
for  the  Cluett  to  show  her  seaworthiness  in 
ice  and  dirty  weather.  But  last  summer  she 
did  something  out  of  the  common.  Char- 
tered for  a  few  months  by  the  Carnegie 
Institution  for  magnetic  investigations  in 
Hudson's  Bay,  she  and  Capt.  Pickels  dis- 
played remarkable  facility  for  edging  into 
ice-strewn  waters  and  slipping  out  with 
promptness. 

In  a  month's  time  she  made  the  circuit 
of  Hudson's  Bay,  undeterred  by  almost 
constant  snow-storms  and  gales,  frequently 
traversing  untried  waterwaj^s.  She  escaped 
without  misadventure,  where  a  less  careful 
pilot  might  have  lost  his  ship.  Once  the  two 
principal  members  of  the  party,  the  observ- 
ers, were  swamped  in  a  small  boat.  Losing 
instruments  and  all  their  equipment  they 
went  five  days  without  food  or  fire,  and 
owed  their  lives  to  Capt.  Pickels's  prompt 
appearance  with  relief.  Getting  into  Hud- 
son's Bay  in  mid-summer  of  last  year  was 
not  easy  on  account  of  the  ice.  After  cleanly 
threading  Hudson  Strait,  the  Cluett  en- 
countered a  Canadian  icebreaker,  smashed 
by  the  very  element  she  was  designed  to 
combat,  and  breaking  up.  As  this  point 
was  a  long  way  south  of  his  present  destina- 
tion, Capt.  Pickels  is  mindful  of  what  may 


2S6 


TYPES   OF   NEWS   WRITING 


be  in  store  for  him  this  summer.  But  he 
regards  the  MacMillan  rehef  expedition 
with  as  much  serenity  as  if  it  were  one  of  his 
regular  northern  visits,  and  with  as  httle 
timidity  as  might  be  expected  from  a 
mariner  who  has  navigated  every  ocean  and 
circimivented  ice  in  Bering  Sea  as  success- 
fully as  in  Grenfell's  Tickle. 

Although  the  proved  nimbleness  of  the 
Cluett  leads  her  charterers  to  hope  that 
she  may  slip  into  Melville  Bay  and  out 
with  the  rescued  MacMillan  party  in  time 
to  get  back  to  New  York  in  November, 
the  way  food  supplies  have  been  poured 
into  her  show  that  no  chances  are  to  be 
taken,  in  a  locality  where,  as  the  captain 
remarked,  "j-e  can't  fetch  stuff  from  a 
grocery  'round  the  corner.' "  He  shed  light 
upon  what  for  a  dozen  men  might  be  con- 
sidered a  two  years'  food  supply.  Some 
two  thousand  pounds  of  beef,  nearly  half 
of  it  canned  and  the  rest  pickled  in  brine, 
and  an  almost  equal  quantity  of  mutton 
and  pork,  formed  the  backbone  of  the  stores. 
Beans  and  potatoes  and  barrel  on  barrel  of 
pilot  bread  set  off  this  impressive  meat 
suppl}',  which  winter  hunting  is  to  vary 
with  fresh  steaks  and  roasts. 

Several  himdred  pounds  of  coffee  and  a 
himdred  of  tea,  onions  and  many  gallons 
of  lime  juice  to  ward  off  scurvy,  were  im- 
portant items;  strangely  enough,  not  a 
particle  of  chocolate  or  cocoa.  A  comment 
upon  the  rather  small  supply  of  milk — con- 
densed, of  course — as  compared  with,  for 
one  thing,  three  hundred  pounds  of  rolled 
oats,  drew  from  the  hardy  captain  the  ex- 
planation that  crews  in  the  North  preferred 
molasses  with  their  oatmeal,  and  of  mo- 
lasses he  had  nearly  a  hundred  gallons. 

Perhaps  these  assurances  of  creature 
comfort  have  had  their  attractions.  At 
any  rate,  Capt.  Pickels  has  been  pestered 
with  would-be  passengers  who  want  to 
make  the  trip  with  him  or  put  in  a  winter 
of  hunting  on  Melville  Bay.  And  they  were 
not  all  men.  One  young  person  from  Vassar 
sent  a  request.  But  Capt.  Pickels  will  have 
none  of  them.  So  that,  when  he  starts  on 
the  last  leg  of  his  journey  north,  with  decks 
piled  high  with  barrels  of  kerosene — the 
Cluett  is  to  be  stocked  with  nearly  five 


thousand  gallons  of  kerosene  and  900  gal- 
lons of  gasolene  for  her  engines — the  only 
person  aboard  beside  his  crew  of  eight 
hardy  Nova  Scotians,  will  be  the  repre- 
sentative of  the  Natural  History  Museum. 
Capt.  Pickels's  Newf  oimdland  dog  "Chimi" 
completes  the  list. 


SQUIRREL 

New  York  World 

Somebody  let  a  squirrel  loose  in  City 
Hall  Park  yesterday,  or  more  likely  Satur- 
day night,  and  as  a  result  that  part  of  the 
green  grass  plot  just  north  of  the  Nathan 
Hale  statue  was  the  only  busy  section  in 
the  business  district  from  2  until  3  o'clock 
on  the  Sabbath.  If  there  was  one  cat  there 
were  thirty.  Of  all  sizes  and  conditions 
they  ranged,  hailing  from  Cherry  Hill  and 
other  points.  Toms,  tabbies  and  kittens 
were  all  there,  and  in  circles  they  sat  about 
a  big  tree  on  which  a  gilt  sign  read  "  Ulmus  , 
Americanus." 

Above,  perched  in  the  branches,  was  Mr. 
Squirrel.  Intently  he  looked  down  at  the 
cats  and  the  crowd  of  park  loungers  and 
others  leaning  on  the  fence  and  flicked  his 
gray  tail  saucily  at  the  feline  delegation. 
One  venturesome  Tom  scooted  up  the  tree, 
but  when  he  began  to  crawl  out  on  the 
branch  on  which  "Brer"  Squirrel  sat  the 
latter  lightly  jumped  to  an  adjoining  tree, 
not  labelled,  and  chattered  back  at  Tom- 
catus  Cherry hillibus. 

The  other  cats  with  uplifted  eyes 
watched  the  flight  of  the  squirrel  and 
camped  under  the  second  tree,  while  the 
crowd  of  human  onlookers  increased.  The 
siege  was  getting  interesting. 

"I  wonder  will  the  cats  get  him,  Jim- 
mie,"  said  one  young  woman,  but  the  squir- 
rel only  kept  on  scolding  to  himself. 

Not  long  after  a  young  man  in  a  gray 
suit  stepped  over  the  fence  and  stood  be- 
neath the  tree.  He  carried  a  small  bag  over 
one  shoulder.  The  moment  the  squirrel  saw 
him  he  ran  down  the  tree  and  perched  on 
the  man's  other  shoulder.  When  the  man 
opened  the  bag  he  popped  in,  and  they 
started  off  for  a  Jersey  ferry. 


MISCELLANEOUS   LOCAL  NEWS 


257 


The  disgusted  cats  dispersed  and  the 
crowd  melted  away. 


POLICEMEN'S  PET 
Philadelphia  Telegraph 

Just  as  the  "joker"  tapped  12  o'clock 
today  in  the  Trenton  avenue  and  Dauphin 
street  police  station,  a  file  of  unhelmeted 
patrolmen  marched  silently  into  the  back 
yard  and  reverently  placed  the  remains  of 
"Benny"  in  his  last  long  resting  place. 

For  a  moment  they  stood  sad-eyed,  while 
Bill  Tufts,  the  old  turnkey,  softly  dropped 
the  earth  upon  the  coffin,  and  then,  when 
only  a  memory  marked  the  spot  near  the 
patrol  house  where  "Benny"  slept,  they 
went  back  to  the  roll-room  and  discussed 
in  whispers  the  unexpected  death. 

"Benny"  died  at  11.20  o'clock,  despite 
the  efforts  of  House  Sergeant  Site,  who  im- 
mersed him  in  fresh  water  and  tried  in  every 
way  to  restore  the  fast-ebbing  life.  But  a 
broken  heart  could  not  thus  be  appeased, 
for  "Benny's "  heart  had  undoubtedly  been 
broken  when  a  younger  rival  for  the  affec- 
tions of  the  bluecoats  turned  up  in  the  sta- 
tion house  not  long  ago. 

Old  age  might  also  have  contributed  to- 
ward the  death,  for  " Benny"  was  7K  years 
old,  and  his  species  never  exist  longer  than 
seven  years,  according  to  Street  Sergeant 
Murdock,  who  is  well  posted  on  the  sub- 
ject. "Benny"  holds  the  record  for  age 
around  the  station  house.  There  have  been 
others  of  his  ilk  there  constantly  for  fifteen 
years,  but  "Benny"  was  the  longest  liver 
of  the  entire  crowd. 

"Benny"  was  a  fan-tailed  goldfish. 


ZOO  STORY 

New  York  World 

This  rock  shall  fly  from  its  firm  base  as  soon  as  I. 
— Hippopotamus  Pete. 

"He's  a  pig-headed  brute,"  say  the 
keepers  in  the  Bronx  Zoo  after  they  have 
been  up  all  night  watching  Pete,  who  weighs 
1,300  pounds — more  than  four  Tafts. 


"He's  a  wise  old  guy,"  say  the  keepers 
admiringly  after  they  have  slept  and  are 
wondering  at  Pete's  sagacity. 

Director  Hornaday,  of  the  Zoo,  and  the 
keepers  fondly  hope  to  remove  Pete  to-day 
from  his  old  cage  in  the  antelope  house  to 
his  apartment  in  the  new  and  splendid  ele- 
phant house.  But  whether  Pete  goes  or 
stays  in  the  antelope  house  depends  upon 
how  hungry  he  was  last  night. 

The  World  has  told  of  the  futile  efforts 
to  move  this  Gibraltar  of  hippopotamus 
flesh.  As  a  last  resort,  Director  Hornaday 
has  been  starving  Pete  for  two  days  and 
nights.  When  Pete  is  hungry  he  is  very 
hungry,  indeed.  He  eats  a  wagon  load  of 
provender  a  day,  shovelling  in  the  food  as 
stokers  shovel  coal  into  a  steamship's  fur- 
nace. 

Taking  advantage  of  this.  Director 
Hornaday  had  placed  in  Pete's  cage  a  "  mov- 
ing case,"  a  very  strong  box  big  enough  to 
hold  Pete.  At  one  end  of  the  box  is  a  drop 
door  rigged  to  a  fall  and  tackle.  At  the 
closed  end  of  the  big  box  the  keepers  placed 
a  tempting  meal  of  all  the  things  Pete  likes 
best. 

It  was  all  very  simple.  Two  keepers 
watched  Pete  every  hour  of  the  twenty- 
four.  Pete,  himgry,  was  to  walk  into  the 
box  after  the  food,  the  keepers  were  to  let 
the  drop  door  fall  and — there  you  are,  or, 
rather,  there  Pete  was. 

The  simple  plan  did  not  work  out  well. 
By  day  Pete  seemed  to  have  lost  all  appe- 
tite. But  by  Saturday  night  he  had 
thought  out  a  plan  in  his  turn.  While  the 
sleepy  keepers  watched,  Pete  entered  the 
box,  but  he  carefully  stretched  back  his 
hind  legs  so  that  they  remained  outside  it. 
The  keepers  dropped  the  door;  it  fell  on 
Pete's  hind  quarters. 

Pete  backed  out,  scooping  the  food  along 
with  his  fore  legs.  Once  outside  he  had  a 
hearty  meal,  which  he  seemed  to  enjoy 
exceedingly. 

They  built  a  much  longer  moving  case 
yesterday  and  put  food  at  its  closed  end. 
A  hippopotamus  is  not  built  like  a  dachs- 
hund. To  get  that  food  Pete  must  include 
his  whole  bulk  in  the  box. 


2S8 


TYPES   OF   NEWS   WRITING 


CAT 

Chicago  Inter  Ocean 

Tom  Stroller  is  dead. 

Tom  Stroller  was  only  a  cat,  and  he  was 
old  and  ugly  and  never  even  had  been  al- 
lowed within  the  sacred  precincts  of  a  cat 
show,  so,  perhaps,  it  doesn't  matter  much. 

And  yet  there  were  a  hundred  girls,  stu- 
dents at  the  Art  Institute,  who  looked  wist- 
fully at  the  desk  of  the  Klio  Club  when 
they  went  to  their  lunch.  And  there  were 
100  others  who  didn't  smile  as  they  sat 
about  the  tables.  One  or  two  attempted  a 
eulogy,  but  the  efforts  were  not  inspiring, 
for  the  best  that  could  be  said  of  old  Tom 
Stroller  was  that  "he  was  such  a  friendly 
cat." 

Time  was  when  Tom  was  young  and  use- 
ful. Those  were  the  days — twelve  years 
ago — when  there  was  a  stern  work  to  be 
done  at  the  Klio  Club,  then  at  South  Mich- 
igan Avenue  and  East  Monroe  Street. 
Those  were  the  days  when  Tom  stepped 
proudly  through  serried  ranks  of  rodent 
dead,  the  days  when  he  was  tolerated  be- 
cause he  was  useful,  and  was  forgiven  his 
ugliness  because  he  was  so  friendly.  Those 
were  the  days  when  Tom  achieved  his  first 
love — the  love  of  Mrs.  Bush,  mother  of  the 
club. 

Side  by  side  Tom  and  Mrs.  Bush  grew 
old  together.  When  the  girls  at  the  insti- 
tute moved  their  club  to  26  South  Wabash 
Avenue,  Tom,  now  toothless,  and  Mrs. 
Bush,  now  almost  at  the  end  of  the  road, 
were  established  together  at  the  cashier's 
desk. 

New  students  came  to  look  amused  and 
remained  to  love  them  both.  Old  students 
came  back  to  Chicago  to  rush  up  to  the  Klio 
Club  and  cry:  "Why,  if  there  aren't  Tom 
and  Mother  Bush.    God  bless  you  both!" 

But  one  day  last  year  Mrs.  Bush  was 
stricken  with  an  illness  that  soon  may 
prove  fatal.  She  was  taken  to  the  Mary 
Thompson  Hospital  and  a  new  cashier 
came  to  the  club's  desk.  She  was  kind  to 
Tom  and  stroked  his  grizzled  fur,  but 
things  were  different  now,  and  Tom  began 
to  grow  old  very  fast.  He  died  yesterday 
morning. 


DOG 

Chicago  Herald 

Colonel  is  only  a  dog,  but  he  is  believed 
to  be  dying  because  he  did  his  duty. 

Colonel  is  a  dignified  St.  Bernard,  with 
a  fine  head  and  kindly  eye.  He  belongs 
to  Sven  Carlson,  a  saloon-keeper  at  3300 
North  Racine  avenue.  When  Colonel  could 
he  on  the  floor,  keeping  one  eye  on  the  door 
and  the  other  on  his  master,  the  dog  was 
happy. 

Carlson  was  proud  of  Colonel,  too.  He 
boasted  of  the  dog's  cleverness — how  he 
would  fetch  and  carry  from  the  grocer's, 
and  even  carry  notes  to  tradesmen  in  the 
neighborhood.  Colonel  never  failed  to  go 
to  the  right  store. 

It  was  for  Carlson  that  the  dog  sacrificed 
himself. 

A  few  minutes  before  closing  time  Satur- 
day night  Carlson  went  behind  the  bar  and 
Colonel  followed  him. 

Two  men  entered  the  saloon  and  walked 
over  to  the  bar.  They  did  not  see  the  dog. 

"Hands  up,"  ordered  one  man. 

"It's  late,  gentlemen;  if  you  wish  to 
drink  you  have  no  time  for  such  joking," 
replied  Carlson. 

Both  men  drew  revolvers. 

"It's  a  long  way  from  a  joke,"  said  the 
man.   "Hands  up  or  we'll  shoot." 

"Go  for  'em,  Colonel,"  ordered  Carl- 
son. 

The  dog  sped  aroimd  the  end  of  the  bar 
as  though  he  had  been  shot  from  a  cata- 
pult, his  hair  bristling,  uttering  deep  growls; 
and  the  bandits  backed  away.  ' 

Then  one  of  the  men  fired  a  shot,  and  the 
dog  toppled  over  and  lay  still. 

Carlson  gave  a  roar  of  rage  when  he  saw 
Colonel  fall,  and,  grasping  a  bung  starter, 
chmbed  over  the  bar. 

The  holdups  fled. 

Carlson  chased  them  a  block  before  he 
gave  up  the  pursuit. 

Colonel  was  taken  to  Thomas  Kendrew's 
veterinary  hospital  at  3039  SheflBeld  avenue, 
bandaged  and  put  into  a  private  kennel 
with  clean,  sweet  straw  to  lie  upon. 

"He  surely  will  die,"  said  Dr.  Kendrew. 
"  I  think  there  is  no  hope  for  him.  The  bul- 


MISCELLANEOUS   LOCAL  NEWS 


259 


let  went  into  his  hip  and  through  some  of 
his  vital  organs. 

"If  every  man  could  die  as  gallantly  as 
Colonel  this  would  be  a  better  world." 


TRICK  MULE 

Kansas  City  Star 

If  you've  been  to  the  horse  show  this 
week  you've  seen  Henry  and  Zip.  Henry — 
his  last  name  is  Harbaugh — is  18  years  old 
and  lives  near  Bedford,  Mo.,  when  he's  at 
home.  Zip  is  8  years  old,  and  if  you  don't 
believe  he's  the  most  wonderful  trick  mule 
in  the  world,  you'd  better  not  mention  it  to 
Henry, 

Zip  knows  how  to  sit  up  on  his  haunches 
hke  a  rabbit  and  walk  around  on  his  hind 
legs  with  Henry  on  his  back,  and  walk 
across  the  tanbark  arena  on  his  knees,  and 
— oh,  innumerable  things.  Also  he  can  buck 
in  the  most  humorous  way — you're  quite 
sure  nobody  but  Henry  could  stick  on. 

There's  an  interesting  story  connected 
with  Henry  and  Zip.  Zip  is  an  educated 
mule,  and  he  is  helping  make  Henry  an 
educated  boy.  For,  the  money  that  Henry 
receives  for  his  talents  and  Zip's  goes  for 
Henry's  education.  The  boy  is  half  way 
through  the  high  school  at  Avalon,  Mo., 
and  when  he  finishes,  he  hopes  to  go  to  the 
University  of  Missouri.  And  the  talented 
Zip  is  a  great  help  to  a  fellow  who's  trying 
to  get  an  education.  For  Henry  is  drawing 
down  $50  and  expenses  for  his  week's  work 
at  the  Kansas  City  Horse  Show,  and  he  has 
hopes  of  repeating  the  performance  at  St. 
Louis  next  week. 

Col.  W.  V.  Galbraith,  general  manager 
of  the  horse  show,  got  a  letter  from  the 
trick  mule's  owner  last  week.  The  letter 
told  about  all  the  wonderful  things  Zip 
could  do — and  he  can,  too — and  said  if 
the  colonel  could  find  a  place  for  him,  please 
to  let  Henry  know  at  once,  as  it's  one  hun- 


dred miles  from  Bedford  to  Kansas  City, 
and  it  would  take  some  little  time  to  ride. 
The  boy,  having  no  money  to  spend  on  rail- 
road fare,  proposed  to  ride  his  mule  to 
Kansas  City.  The  colonel  was  so  pleased 
by  the  boy's  enterprise  that  he  sent  him 
word  to  come  and  enclosed  money  to  bring 
Zip  by  railroad.  Of  course,  strictly  speak- 
ing, a  mule  doesn't  belong  in  a  horse  show, 
but  Colonel  Galbraith  figured  that  a  trick 
mule  named  Zip  was  too  good  a  bet  to 
overlook. 

The  boy  started  training  his  mule  five 
years  ago,  when  he  was  13  years  old  and 
Zip  was  3.  Henry  lived  on  a  farm  and  he 
had  no  brothers  and  sisters.  So  he  made  a 
pet  of  Zip,  and  taught  him  all  sorts  of  tricks. 
Then  he  began  showing  him  at  county  fairs 
and  saving  the  money  that  he  got  to  spend 
for  education.  One  of  these  days  he  hopes 
to  be  as  well  educated  for  a  boy  as  Zip  is  for 
a  mule.  And  if  they  gave  degrees  to  mules, 
Zip  would  certainly  be  a  Ph.D. 

Zip  is  also  quite  a  teacher.  He  has  taught 
this  country  boy  a  philosophy  of  life. 

"You  have  to  be  patient — patient  and 
kind,"  Henry  said  yesterday.  "The  first 
thing  I  ever  taught  Zip  took  me  two  hours 
and  a  half.  I  wanted  to  see  if  I  could  make 
him  he  down.  I  grabbed  his  opposite  foreleg 
and  held  it  up.  I  just  had  to  tire  him  out, 
but  at  last  he  keeled  over.  Next  day  he  did 
it  in  two  minutes.  He  had  learned  what  I 
wanted.   It  was  easy  after  that." 

Henry  had  never  seen  a  trick  mule,  but 
he  began  thinking  of  other  tricks.  With  in- 
finite patience  he  showed  Zip  what  was 
wanted. 

"Then  he  did  it  because  he  loved  me," 
said  the  boy  simply. 

Henry  never  uses  a  whip  to  teach  Zip 
tricks.  He  feeds  him  sugar,  and  is  just 
kind  to  him  and  works  with  him  and  is  pa- 
tient. Now  he  learns  faster  than  ever.  You 
can  teach  an  old  mule  new  tricks,  according 
to  Henry. 


INDEX  TO  NEWS  STORIES 


Accident,  automobile,  23,  24. 

Accident,  drowning,  39,  40,  42. 

Accident,  fall  from  scaffold,  39. 

Accident,  humorous  treatment  of,  25. 

Accident,  marine,  32,  34,  35. 

Accident,  mine,  36,  38. 

Accident,  pathetic  treatment  of,  25. 

Accident,  railroad,  29,  30,  31. 

Accident,  shooting,  42. 

Accident,  storm,  35,  196. 

Accident,  subway,  26. 

Accidents,  22-44. 

Addresses,  127-131. 

Adoption  of  child,  100. 

Agricultural  fair,  143. 

Alumnae  meeting,  228. 

Animal  stories,  19,  256-259. 

Anniversary,  church  celebration  of,  228. 

Arrest  for  embezzlement,  50. 

Arrest  for  forgery,  49. 

Arrest  for  hold-up,  55,  56,  57. 

Arrest  for  intoxication,  48. 

Arrest  for  murder,  59,  65. 

Arrest  for  passing  worthless  checks,  50. 

Arrest  for  swindle,  49. 

Arrest,  humorous  treatment  of,  48. 

Arrest,  pathetic  treatment  of,  57. 

"Asleep  at  the  switch,"  48. 

Assignment  in  bankruptcy,  96. 

Attorney  general,  opinion  of,  90. 

Automobile  bandits,  55. 

Automobile  collision,  23,  24. 

Automobile  drivers'  strike,  187. 

Automobile  ordinance,  violation  of,  78. 

Automobile  parade,  149,  150. 

Automobile  show,  opening  of,  142. 

Bandit,  automobile,  55. 
Bandit,  pathetic  story  of,  57. 
Bandit,  street  car,  57. 
Bankruptcy  case,  95,  96. 
Banquet,  157. 
Baseball,  212-216. 

Baseball  game,  humorous  treatment  of,  215. 
Bazaar,  charity,  230. 
Bonds,  sale  of  municipal,  245. 
Boston  Advertiser,  story  from,  25. 
Boston  Globe,  story  from,  212. 
Boston  Herald,  stories  from,  23,  40,  143, 
171,  246. 


Boston  Journal,  story  from,  251. 

Boston  Post,  story  from,  212. 

Boston  Transcript,  stories  from,  16,  18,  34, 

138,  192,  219,  224,  239,  240,  244,  247. 
Boston  Traveler,  story  froij'^29. 
Bridge  party,  229.  ^ 

Brooklyn  Eagle,  stories  from,  42,  88. 
Building  of  new  hotel,  244. 
Burglary,  54. 

Burglary,  human  interest  treatment  of,  54. 
Business  merger,  242. 

Card  party,  228,  229. 

Carnegie,  Andrew,  toast  by,  at  banquet, 

157. 
Cat,  death  of,  258. 
Cathedral  service,  anniversary,  160. 
Charity  bazaar,  230. 

Chicago  Daily  Neivs,  stories  from,  68,  136. 
Chicago  Evening  Post,  stories  from,   102, 

226,  228,  229. 
Chicago  Herald,  stories  from,  47,  54,  55,  66, 

91,  95,  105,  115,  120,  222,  223,  227,  228, 

229,  234,  236,  258. 
Chicago  Inter  Ocean,  stories  from,  67,  108, 

109,  171,  222,  258. 
Chicago  Record-Herald,   stories  from,   37, 

146,  184. 
Chicago  Tribune,  stories  from,  19,  39,  42, 

73,  105,  130,  137,  138,  164,  187,  188,  244, 

246. 
Children,  news  stories  of,  25,  26,  39,  41, 

42,  43,  47,  54,  154,  158,  159,  250. 
Children's  court,  79. 
Chinese  girls  in  court,  79. 
Christian   Science   Monitor,   stories   from, 

217,  235. 
Christmas  dinner,  family  reunion  at,  227. 
Christmas  in  children's  hospital,  154. 
Christmas  pantomime,  155. 
Christmas,    preparations    for    celebrating, 

152. 
Church,  anniversary  celebration  in,  160. 
City  bonds,  sale  of,  245. 
City  council  meeting,  117. 
College  alumnae  meeting,  228. 
College  class  day,  166. 
College  commencement,  162-166. 
College  crew  prospects,  216. 
College  crew  races,  217. 


262 


INDEX  TO   NEWS   STORIES 


College  fraternity  dinner,  226. 

College  glee  club,  entertainment  for,  229. 

Collision,  automobile,  23,  24. 

Collision,  railroad,  30,  31. 

Collision,  ships  in,  34. 

Colorado  miners'  strike,  188. 

Colorado  miners'  strike,  investigation  of, 

108. 
Commencement  exercises,  college,  162-166. 
Common  council  meeting,  117. 
Conventions,  119-123. 
Convict,  capture  of  escaped,  67. 
Convict,  pathetic  story  of  escaped,  68. 
Council,  meeting  of  city,  117. 
Covmterfeiter,  human  interest  story  of,  83. 
County  fair,  143. 
Court  decisions,  88,  89,  90, 
Court,  pathetic  story  of,  78. 
Court,  police,  78. 
Courts,  civil,  88-105. 
Courts,  criminal,  81-87. 
Courtship,  unusual,  221,  222. 
Crew,  prospects  of  college,  216. 
Crew  races,  college,  217. 

Dancing  parties,  226,  227,  228. 
Deaths,  171-177. 
Decision,  court,  88,  89,  90. 
Decoration  Day  parade,  151. 
Defalcation  of  bank  clerk,  51. 
Delinquency  of  j^oung  girl,  66. 
Detroit  News,  stories  from,  83,  94. 
Dinner  parties,  226,  227. 
Disorderly  conduct,  arrest  for,  58. 
Divers,  death  of,  in  ship's  hold,  32. 
Dividend,  railroad  company's,  246. 
Divorce  suit,  93,  94. 
Docks,  stories  from,  250-254. 
Dog,  death  of,  258. 
Drowning,  39-42,  196. 
Duluth  Herald,  stories  from,  87,  89. 

Easter,  193. 

Eclipse  of  sun,  197. 

Elections,  179-184. 

Election  day,  180. 

Election,  forecast  of,  179. 

Election,  returns  of  city,  183. 

Election,  returns  of  state,  182,  183. 

Elopement,  223. 

Embezzlement,  51. 

Engagement,  announcement  of,  226. 

Entertainment,  Christmas,  in  hospital,  154. 

Entertainment,     Christmas     pantomime, 

153. 
Entertainment  for  charity,  230. 
Entertainment  in  children's  hospital,  158. 
Entertainment,  lawn  fete,  159. 


Entertainment,  school,  158. 
Exhibitions,  142. 
Explosion,  cause  of  fire,  16,  19. 
Explosion  in  fireworks  plant,  19. 
Explosion  in  mine,  36. 
Explosion  in  subway,  26. 
Explosion  in  tannery,  16. 

Failure,  commercial,  95,  96. 

Fair,  agricultural,  143. 

Fall  from  scafifold,  39. 

Fete,  lawn,  159. 

Fight  on  elevated  train,  58. 

Fight  on  wagon,  78. 

Financial  news,  245,  246. 

Fire,  fatal,  in  factory,  19. 

Fire,  fatal,  in  lodging  house,  21. 

Fire,  fatal,  in  tenement,  21. 

Fire  in  university  building,  17. 

Fire,  investigation  of  cause  of,  18,  21,  22. 

Fires,  16-22. 

Football,  202-212. 

Football  game,  205,  207. 

Football  game,  analysis  of,  209. 

Football  game,  day  of,  202,  203. 

Forgery,  49,  50,  78. 

Forgery,  pathetic  treatment  of,  78. 

Golf  match,  219. 

Hearing  before  investigating  comirittee, 
108,  110. 

Hearing  in  investigation,  pathetic  treat- 
ment of,  110. 

Hearing  on  city  ordinance,  112,  113,  115. 

Hearing  on  ordinance,  humorous  treat- 
ment of,  113. 

Highway  robbery,  55. 

Hippopotamus,  story  of,  257. 

Hold-up,  55,  56,  57. 

Hospital,  Christmas  in  children's,  154. 

Hospital,  entertainment  in  children's,  158. 

Hospital,  surgical  operation  in,  170. 

Hotel,  new,  244. 

Hotel  story,  humorous,  249. 

Humorous  stories,  25,  47,  48,  55,  57,  58,  78, 
91,  92,  113,  121,  122,  142,  150,  156,  157, 
198,  215,  222,  249,  250,  252. 

Illness,  168. 

Indian,  dying,  169. 

Indianapolis  News,  stories  from,  133,  134. 

Insanity  case  in  court,  91. 

Inspection,  medical,  of  schools,  236. 

Interview  with  educator,  134. 

Interview  with  official,  133. 

Interview  with  opera  singer,  136. 

Interview  with  woman  philanthropist,  135. 


i 


INDEX  TO   NEWS   STORIES 


263 


Interviews,  133-137. 
Interviews,  group  of,  137. 
Investigation,  congressional,  of  strike,  108. 
Investigation  of  drowning,  40. 
Investigation  of  fire,  18,  21,  22. 
Investigation  of  strike,  108,  110. 
Investigation,  pathetic  treatment  of,  110. 

Jubilee  service  in  cathedral,  160. 
Juvenile  delinquency,  66. 

Kansas  City  Star,  stories  from,  38,  49,  51, 
56,  57,  60,  62,  65,  66,  78,  100,  127,  130, 
135,  168,  172,  218,  227,  228,  235,  259. 

Kansas  City  Times,  stories  from,  159,  171, 

Labor  difficulties  and  strikes,  186-190. 

Larceny,  conviction  for,  87. 

Law  suit,  humorous  treatment  of,  92. 

Lawn  fete,  159. 

Lawrence,  Mass.,  textile  strike  at,  190. 

Lecture,  131. 

Legislature,  meeting  of  state,  116, 

Library,  public,  237. 

Los  Angeles  Times,  story  from,  57. 

Luncheon,  228. 

Madison  Democrat,  stories  from,  121,  129. 
Mann  Act,  violation  of,  66. 
Manual  training  school,  opening  of,  234. 
Manufacturing,  new  method  in,  243. 
Marine  news  stories,  32,  34,  35,  250,  251, 

252,  254. 
Market,  opening  of,  145. 
Market  prices,  retail,  246,  247. 
Mawson,  Sir  Douglas,  lecture  by,  131, 
Medical  inspection  in  schools,  236, 
Meeting  of  city  council,  117. 
Meeting  of  Friends,  123. 
Meeting  of  old  clothes  men,  122, 
Meeting  of  safety  councU,  120. 
Meeting  of  state  legislature,  116. 
Meetings,  116-123. 
Memorial  Day  parade,  151. 
Merger  of  business  concerns,  242. 
Milwaukee  Daily  News,  stories  from,  31,  43. 
Milwaukee  Evening  Wisconsin,  stories  from, 

43,  55,  156. 
Milwaukee  Free  Press,  stories  from,  110, 

137,  168. 
Milwaukee  Journal,  stories  from,  29,  44. 
Milwaukee  Sentinel,  stories  from,  30,  73,  78, 

82,  170,  237,  242. 
Mine  explosion,  36,  38. 
Miners,  attempt  to  rescue,  38. 
Miners,  strike  of,  188. 
Mirage,  250. 
Mule,  trick,  259. 


Municipal  bonds,  sale  of,  245. 
Municipal  equipment,  new,  240. 
Municipal  improvements,  239. 
Murder,  constructive  treatment  of,  60,  62, 

63,  65. 
Murder,  pathetic  treatment  of,  63,  65, 
Murder  trial,  84, 
Murders,  58-66. 
Museum,  public,  238. 
Musicale,  228, 

Nelson;  William  Rockhill,  death  of,  176. 
New  York  Evening  Mail,  stories  from,  70, 

158. 
New  York  Evening  Post,  stories  from,  22, 

74,  123,  138,  142,  147,  160,  162,  165,  174, 

177,  187,  195,  202,  203,  209,  254, 
New  York  Evening  Telegram,  story  from, 

93, 
New  York  Globe,  stories  from,  236,  249. 
New  York  Herald,  stories  from,  103,  112, 

131,  149,  186,  194,  225,  227,  230,  241, 

249. 
New  York  Sun,  stories  from,  33,  61,  63,  79, 

84,  92,  100,  122,  166,  250,  252. 
New  York  Times,  stories  from,  17,  21,  26, 

35,  39,  48,  72,  96,  98,  113,  119,  128,  142, 

145,   151,  155,  158,  173,  180,  183,  190, 

196,  215,  216,  224,  226,  230,  238,  250. 
New  York  Tribune,  stories  from,  24,  32,  49, 

59. 
New  York  World,  stories  from,  21,  41,  48, 

58,  61,  71,  81,  99, 150,  157,  182,  233,  256, 

257. 

Obituaries,  172-177. 
Obituary  of  college  dean,  177. 
Obituary  of  editor,  176. 
Obituary  of  fireman,  172. 
Obituary  of  Italian  undertaker,  174. 
Obituary  of  politician,  173. 
Obituary  of  William  Rockhill  Nelson,  176. 
Ohio  State  Journal,  story  from,  121. 
Old  clothes  men,  meeting  of,  117. 
Operation,  surgical,  170. 
Opinion  of  attorney  general,  90. 
Ordinance,  hearing  on,  112,  113,  115. 
Ordinance  introduced  in  city  council  meet- 
ing, 117. 
Ordinance,  opposition  to  proposed,  118. 

Pantomime,  Christmas,  154. 
Parade,  automobile,  149,  150. 
Parade,  Memorial  Day,  151. 
Parties,  social,  227-229. 
Patent  case,  award  in,  98. 
Pathetic  news  stories,  25,  38,  42,  57,  63, 
65,  68,  72,  73,  78,  110,  168. 


264 


INDEX  TO   NEWS    STORIES 


Penitentiary  convict,  escaped,  67,  68. 
Philadelphia  Inquirer,  story  from,  170. 
Philadelphia  Ledger,  stories  from,  35,  117, 

118,  176,  202,  225,  228,  229,  244. 
Philadelphia  Telegraph,  story  from,  257. 
Police  court  case,  78. 
Police  news  stories,  47-74. 
Poultry  show,  opening  of,  142. 
Probate  court  case,  100,  104,  105. 
Providence  Journal,  story  from,  154. 

Railroad  accidents,  29-31. 

Railroad  company  declares  dividend,  246. 

Railroad  wTeck,  fatal,  30,  31. 

Railroad's  safety  campaign,  241. 

Real  estate  transactions,  244. 

Receivership  proceedings,  95. 

Regatta  of  college  crews,  217. 

Report  of  federal  bureau,  138. 

Report  of  federal  official,  139. 

Report  of  scientist,  138. 

Rescue  of  drowning  man,  41.  _ 

Robbery  by  automobile  bandits,  55. 

Robbery,  highway,  55. 

Robbery,  hold-up,  56,  57. 

Robbery,  pathetic  treatment  of,  57. 

Robberj^  story  of,  told  in  court,  82. 

Rowing,  college  crew  races,  217. 

Rowing,  prospects  of  college  crew,  216. 

Runaway  boy,  47. 

Runaway  boy  in  court,  81. 

Runaway,  heroism  of  policeman  in,  22. 

Rvmaway,  humorous  treatment  of,  25. 

Safety  campaign  by  railroad,  241. 

Safety  council  meeting,  120. 

Sailor,  story  of,  250. 

St.  Louis  Globe-Democrat,  stories  from,  131, 

183. 
St.  Louis  Post  Dispatch,  story  from,  116. 
San  Francisco  Chronicle,  stories  from,  54, 

90,  139. 
San  Francisco  Examiner,  stories  from,  25, 

36,  250. 
School  entertainment,  158. 
School  for  backn^ard  children,  235. 
School,  new  manual  training,  234. 
School,  new  vocational,  234. 
Schools,  233-236. 

Schools,  medical  inspection  in,  236. 
Schools,  new  method  of  spelling  in,  134. 
Schools,  opening  of  new,  234. 
Schools,  opening  of  public,  233. 
Schools,  reading  in,  235. 
Schools,  reading  tests  in,  236. 
Search  for  lost  cliild,  43. 
Search  for  lost  treasure,  252. 
Separation,  suit  for,  93. 


Sermon,  160. 

Ship  battered  by  gale,  35. 

Ship,  divers  die  in  hold  of,  32. 

Ship  news  stories,  32,  34,  35,  250,  251,  252, 

254. 
Ships,  collision  of,  34. 
Ship^vreck,  35. 
Shooting  accident,  42. 
Shooting,  murders  by,  58-66. 
Shows,  automobUe,  poultry,  etc.,  142. 
Snow  storm,  193. 
Speeches,  127-130. 
Sporting  news,  200-220. 
Sporting  news,  baseball,  212-216. 
Sporting  news,  football,  202-212. 
Sporting  news,  golf  match,  219. 
Sporting  news,  rowing,  216,  217. 
Sporting  news,  tennis  match,  218. 
Spring,  first  daj'^  of,  194. 
Springfield  Repuhlican,  stories  from,  104, 

172,  179,  193,  205,  207,  240,  248. 
Squirrel  in  city  hall  park,  256. 
Statue,  unveiling  of,  147. 
Storm  batters  fishing  vessel,  35. 
Storm  causes  shipwreck,  35. 
Storm  damages  building,  196. 
Storm,  snow,  193. 
Storm,  wind,  196. 
Stowaway,  251. 
Street  car  accident,  24,  25. 
Street  car  bandit,  pathetic  story  of,  57. 
Street  car  collision  with  automobile,  24. 
Street  car  kills  boy,  25. 
Street  improvements,  240. 
Strike  at  Lawrence,  Mass.,  190. 
Strike,  congressional  investigation  of,  108. 
Strike,  investigation  of,  110. 
Strike  of  Colorado  miners,  188. 
Strike  of  taxicab  drivers,  187. 
Strike  of  textile  workers,  190. 
Strike  of  wholesale  grocers'  employes,  187. 
Strike,  possibility  of,  186. 
Strikes,  186-190. 
Subway,  accident  in,  26. 
Subway,  human  interest  story  of,  250. 
Suicide  attempted  by  schoolgirl,  73. 
Suicide,  cause  of  attempted,  74. 
Suicide  of  business  man,  70. 
Suicide  of  old  couple,  71. 
Suicide  of  seamstress,  73. 
Suicide,  pathetic  treatment  of,  72,  73. 
Suicides,  70-74. 

Suit  at  law,  humorous  treatment  of,  92. 
Supreme  court  decision,  88,  89,  90.  _ 
Supreme  court  decision,   human  interest 

treatment  of,  89. 
Surgical  operation,  70. 
Swindle,  49. 


INDEX  TO   NEWS    STORIES                                265 

Taxicab  drivers'  strike,  187. 

Washington  Times,  story  from,  152. 

Tennis  match,  218. 

Wayward  girl,  66. 

Theatre  parties,  228. 

Weather,  192-199. 

Toast  at  banquet,  157. 

Weather,  cold  summer,  195. 

Topeka  Capital,  stories  from,  50,  226. 

Weather,  first  winter,  192. 

Train  derailed,  29. 

Weather,  high  wind,  196. 

Train  wreck,  fatal,  30,  31. 

Weather,  snow  storm,  193. 

Trick  mule,  259. 

Weather,  spring,  194. 

Tunnel,  opening  of,  146. 

Wedding,  elopement,  223. 

Wedding  of  cowboy,  222. 

University  building  destroyed  by  fire,  17. 

Wedding  of  septuagenarians,  223. 

University  class  day,  166. 

Wedding,  result  of  unusual  romance,  222. 

University  commencement,  162-166. 

Weddings,  221-226. 

Unveiling  of  statue,  147. 

Wharves,  stories  from,  250-254. 

Will  admitted  to  probate,  100,  104. 

Vocational  school,  opening  of,  234. 

Will,  suit  to  break,  103. 

Vote,  forecast  of  state,  179. 

Wilson,  speech  by  President,  128,  130. 

Vote  on  state-wide  prohibition,  184. 

Wind,  accidents  due  to,  196. 

Voting,  election  day,  180. 

Winter  weather,  192,  193. 

Wisconsin  State  Journal,  story  from,  90. 

Washington  Herald,  story  from,  197. 

Washington  Post,  story  from,  198. 

Zoo  story,  257. 

THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 


AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  50  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $I.OO  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
OVERDUE. 


19  1937    ' 


JUL   ^^ 


IMO 


ittj.cm.SEP  ^1P 


''h 


i«*^ 


%\yiX 


v   r> 


UUt- 


AUG  12 


m^ 


j>ii_ 


JEcilD^irnmn^fii^ 


SEP 


JUK    1 1977  8  9 


l.OA'" — i-i 


LD  21-100m-8,'34 


U.C.  BERKELEY  LIBRARIES 


CD3in737b 


*^*'        -.rC'J^' 


